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Mathematics
Quarter 1, Week 1 to 2 – Module 1.1
Factoring Completely Different Types
of Polynomials
Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Factoring Completely Different Types of Polynomials
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I. Introduction:
1
II. Objectives:
After performing the activities in this module, you should be able to
factor:
• polynomials with common monomial factor
• difference of two squares
• sum and difference of two cubes
• perfect square trinomial
• general trinomial
III. Pre-Test:
But wait, before you start studying this module, take this simple
test first to find out how much you already know about the topic
to be discussed.
A. Do the following.
1. Find the factors of 18.
2. Find the prime factors of 64.
3. Find the greatest common factor of 24 and 100.
4. Find the greatest common monomial factor of 3y 6 and 6y².
5. Find the factored form of 3x²+15x.
2
2. Find the factors of -18.
3. Find the factors of 20 whose sum is 9.
4. Factor 𝑎2 + 10𝑎 + 21
5. Factor 2𝑏2 + 11𝑏 + 5
How was it? Do you think you got it right? Compare your answers
with those in the answer key on page _29_ to find out. If all your answers
are right, very good! You may still study the module to review what you
already know.
If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This means that this module
is for you. It will help you understand some important concepts that you
can apply in your daily life. Are you ready? You may now start. Happy
Reading!
Lesson 1
Factoring Polynomials with Common Monomial Factor
Vocabulary List:
Before you proceed reading to lesson 1, be sure to be familiarized with
the following terms listed below. It will help you understand this module
better.
II. Objectives
3
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• find the greatest common monomial factor (GCMF) of polynomials
• factor polynomials with greatest common monomial factor (GCMF)
Learning Activities:
}
24 = 1 · 24
= 2 · 12 Set of factors of 24
= 3·8
= 4·6
An important subset of the set of integers which is often used
as the factor set is the set of prime numbers. Recall that a prime
number is an integer greater than 1 which has only two factors, 1 and
itself. The least prime number is 2. The other primes less than 10 are
3,5, and 7. Any positive integer can be expressed as a product of
primes.
24 = 2 · 12
= 2·2·2·3
= 2³ · 3
24 = 3 · 8
= 3·2·2·2
= 3 · 2³
24 = 4 · 6
= 2·2·2·3
= 2³ · 3
Therefore, the prime factors of 24 are 2³ and 3.
The greatest common factor (GCF) of two or more integers is
the greatest integer that is a factor of all given integers.
Example 2: Find the GCF of 30 and 36.
30 = 2 · 3 · 5 GCF = 2 · 3 = 6
4
36 = 2 · 2 · 3 · 3
The greatest common monomial factor (GCMF) of two or more
monomials is the product of the GCF of the numerical coefficient and the
common variable factors.
5
Example 5: Factor 12𝑥𝑦² − 16𝑥²𝑦 + 24𝑥³𝑦³
Solution:
Step 1: Find the GCF of 12,16, and 24. 4
Step 2: Find the common variable with the least exponent. 𝑥𝑦
Step 3: The GCMF is the product of step 1 and step 2. 4𝑥𝑦
12𝑥𝑦 2 16𝑥 2𝑦 24𝑥 3𝑦 3
Step 4: Divide the polynomial by GCMF. − +
4𝑥𝑦 4𝑥𝑦 4𝑥𝑦
= 3𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2
Thus, the factored form of 12𝑥𝑦² − 16𝑥²𝑦 + 24𝑥³𝑦³ 𝑖𝑠 4𝑥𝑦(3𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑥²𝑦²).
To check, apply the distributive property.
Practice Task 3:
Factor the following polynomials if necessary. If it is not factorable then
write prime polynomial.
1. 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑
2. 9𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑥 + 36𝑦
3. 4 − 8𝑚𝑛 + 13
4. 3𝑥 3 𝑦 3 − 27𝑥 5 𝑦 5 + 81𝑥 2 𝑦 2
5. 60𝑚𝑘 + 45𝑚3 𝑘 7 + 30𝑚4 𝑘 2
Assignment:
For you to reinforce the information provided in this lesson try to
answer the given assignment.
Lesson 2
7
Vocabulary List:
a. Difference of Two Squares – a binomial where the first and
second terms are perfect squares. The two terms
areseparated signs.
b. Perfect Square – a number whose square root is a whole
number.
Learning Activities:
𝑎2 − 𝑏2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
a. Yes; 𝑛2 − 4 = 𝑛2 − 22
b. Yes; (𝑥 3 𝑦 3 )² − (1)2
c. No; the exponent of 𝑟 is 5 and 𝑟 5 is not a perfect square
d. No; 7 is not a perfect square
e. Yes; −25 + 𝑐 4 can be written as 𝑐 4 − 25 and
𝐶 4 − 25 = (𝐶 2 )2 − (5)2.
Example 2: Factor the binomials that shows difference of two
squares in example 1
a. 𝑛2 − 4
8
Solution:
Therefore, 𝑛2 − 4 = (𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 − 2)
b. 𝑥 6 𝑦 6 − 1
Solution:
c. −25 + 𝑐 4 = 𝑐 4 − 25
Solution:
9
Solution:
b. 8𝑥 2 − 50
e. −0.25 + 0.4𝑘 4
Practice task 2: Factor each of the following difference of two
squares.
a. 𝑚2 − 49
b. 81 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
4 1
c. − 25 𝑛4
9
d. 0.01𝑎2 − 𝑏2 𝑐 4
e. −49 + 4𝑦 2
Practice task 3: Factor each of the following completely.
a. 𝑥 8 − 𝑦 8
b. 𝑚4 − 𝑛4
c. 5𝑥 4 − 20𝑥 2
d. 2𝑎3 − 8𝑎
e. 𝑎𝑏2 − 100𝑎3
Assignment:
For you to reinforce the information provided in this lesson try to
answer the given assignment.
10
1. Find the value of 𝑘 in the following problems.
a. 𝑘𝑥 2 − 36 = (5𝑥 + 6)(5𝑥 − 6)
b. 25𝑛2 − 𝑘𝑝2 = (5𝑛 + 9𝑝)(5𝑛 − 9𝑝)
𝑛
2. Find the area of the shaded region. 𝑛 𝑚
Factor if possible.
𝑚
Lesson 3
Vocabulary List:
a. Difference of Two Cubes - it is a difference of two terms which are
both perfect cubes
b. Sum of Two Cubes - it is a sum of two terms which are both perfect
cubes
c. Perfect Cube – a number whose cube root is a whole number
Learning Activities:
Two other types of factoring are the sum of two cubes and their
difference. Like the difference of two squares, they follow a definite
pattern.
11
Step 2: Taking the operation between the cubes, obtain a
binomial factor using the cube roots in step 1.
Example 1: Factor 𝑦 3 + 8
Solution:
Step 1: Get the cube root of 𝑦 3 and 8.
3
√𝑦 3 = 𝑦 since 𝑦 · 𝑦 · 𝑦 = 𝑦³
3
√8 = 2 since 2 · 2 · 2 = 8
In 𝑦 3 + 8 = (𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 4)
Note: The sum of two cubes has two factors, one binomial and one
trinomial. The binomial factor is the sum of the cube roots of the given
terms. The trinomial factor is made up of the sum of the square of the
first term of the binomial factor, the negative of the product of the first
and second terms of the binomial factor and the square of the second
term of the binomial factor.
Example 2: Factor 64 − 𝑛3
Solution:
Step 1: Get the cube root of 64 and 𝑛3 .
3
√64 = 4 since 4 · 4 · 4 = 4³ = 64
3
√𝑛3 = 𝑛 since 𝑛 · 𝑛 · 𝑛 = 𝑛³
12
Step 2: Take the operation between 64 and 𝑛3 to obtain the binomial
factor using the cube roots. 4−𝑛
Step 3: Form the Second trinomial factor by:
• Square the first cube root 42 = 16
• Take the negative product of the cube roots −(4 · −𝑛) =
4𝑛
• Square the second cube root (𝑛)2 = 𝑛2
Therefore 64 − 𝑛3 = (4 − 𝑛)(16 + 4𝑛 + 𝑛2 )
2. 27𝑛3 4. −1000𝑠 3
13
Practice Task 2: Factor the following completely.
1. 𝑦 3 + 27
2. 𝑎3 -64
3. 8𝑟 3 − 1
4. 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 3
5. 𝑚6 − 𝑛6
Practice Task 3: Factor the following completely.
1. 𝑚6 + 125
2. 216 − 𝑟 3
1 1
3. + 27 𝑑 3
8
1 1
4. 𝑥 3 − 125
343
5. 0.001𝑏3 − 8
Assignment:
For you to reinforce the information provided in this lesson answer the
given assignment.
Lesson 4
Vocabulary List:
a. Perfect Square Trinomial – It is a trinomial that is a square of
a binomial. It is the result of squaring a binomial.
b. Trinomial – is an algebraic expression with three terms
c. Square root of a number – is a value that when multiplied by
itself, gives the number
14
Learning Activities:
In Math 7, you considered squaring binomials as a special product rule:
(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2
Using the above form, you can say that
𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2
𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)2
A perfect square trinomial is the result of squaring a binomial. Note that
in order to be a perfect square trinomial, it must have the following
conditions:
• the first and last terms are perfect squares.
• the middle term is twice the product of the square root of the
first and last terms.
Example 1: Determine whether each of the following is a perfect
square trinomial.
a. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
b. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6
c. 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 16
d. 𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 + 25
e. 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 9
Solution:
a. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
b. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6
𝑥² is a perfect square and 6 is not a perfect square, so it does not
satisfy the first condition.
Therefore, 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 is a quadratic trinomial or general trinomial.
15
c. 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 16
16
Step 3: Square the binomial 𝑛 + 8. (𝑛 + 8)2
b. 𝑚2 − 14𝑚 + 49
Step 1: Get the square root of 𝑚² and 49
√𝑚2 = 𝑚 since 𝑚 · 𝑚 = 𝑚²
√49 = 7 since 7 · 7 = 49
Step 2: Use the minus sign (−) since it is the sign of the
middle term 14𝑚 𝑚 − 7
Step 2: Use the minus sign since it is the sign of the middle term
12𝑚. 1 – 6𝑚
Practice Exercises:
Let’s try this!
17
Practice Task 2: Fill in the blanks to make the following as
perfect square trinomials.
1. 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥+__
2. 𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + ___
3. 𝑚2 + ___ + 49
4. 𝑛2 − ___ + 9
5. __ + 14𝑥 + 49
Practice Task 3: Factor completely.
1. 𝑟 2 + 20𝑟 + 100
2. 𝑠 2 − 18𝑠 + 81
3. 𝑘 2 + 22𝑘 + 121
4. 25𝑛2 + 10𝑛 + 1
5. 64 + 16𝑧 + 𝑧 2
Assignment:
For you to reinforce the information provided in this lesson try to answer
the given assignment.
Lesson 5
18
Vocabulary List:
a. Constant Term – a number which is definite in value
b. Linear term – a term in the first degree
c. Quadratic Term – a term in the second degree
d. Quadratic Trinomial in one Variable – is a polynomial in one
variable with the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.
Learning Activities:
2+3
• the constant term in the trinomial is the product of the constant terms
in the binomial factors.
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6
2·3
19
In 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 21 you will call 𝑥 2 as the quadratic term, 4𝑥 as
the linear term and −21 as the constant term.
Step 2: Get the pair of factors in the list whose sum equals the
coefficient of the linear term.
Example 1: Factor 𝑚2 + 7𝑚 + 12
Solution: 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 7, 𝑐 = 12
Since 𝑏 and 𝑐 are both positive you must consider the pair of
positive factors of 12.
Factors of 12 Sum of the factors
1 ,12 13
2,6 8
3,4 7
In symbol, 𝑚2 + 7𝑚 + 12
𝑚 𝑚 1 12
2 6
3 4
Therefore, 𝑚2 + 7𝑚 + 12 = (𝑚 + 3)(𝑚 + 4)
20
Example 2: Factor 𝑛2 − 11𝑛 + 24.
Solution: 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −11, 𝑐 = 24
Since 𝑏 is negative and 𝑐 is positive you must consider the pair of
negative factors of 24.
Factors of 24 Sum of the factors
−1 , −24 −25
−2 , −12 −14
−3 , −8 −11
−4 , −6 −10
Get the factors of 24 whose sum is −11.
−3 and −8
Write the binomial factors as (𝑛 − 3)(𝑛 − 8).
𝑛 𝑛 −1 − 24
−2 −12
−3 −8
−4 −6
Example 3: Factor 𝑑 2 + 𝑑 − 6
Solution: 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = −6
Since 𝑐 is negative then the factors must have opposite signs.
𝑑2 + 𝑑 − 6
Get the factors of −6 whose sum is 1.
𝑑 𝑑 1 −6
−1 6 Therefore, 𝑑 2 + 𝑑 − 6 = (𝑑 − 2)(𝑑 + 3)
2 −3
−2 3
Example 4: Factor 𝑘 2 − 8k − 9
Solution: 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −8, 𝑐 = −9
Since 𝑐 is negative then the factors must have opposite signs.
𝑘 2 − 8k − 9
Practice Task 1: Complete the table by finding the two integers with
the sum and product given.
Assignment
For you to reinforce the information provided in this lesson, try to
answer the given assignment.
Find all the integral values of k for which the given trinomials can be
factored.
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 15
2. 𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑥 − 12
3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 − 20
22
Case 2: Factoring 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃 𝒙 + 𝒄 when 𝒂 ≠ 𝟏
Learning Activities:
A quadratic polynomial in one variable, say 𝑥, is a polynomial
of the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are real numbers. It is in the
second degree.
You may now consider factoring trinomials where the
coefficient of the second-degree term is not equal to one such as 2𝑥 2 +
7𝑥 + 3 and 5𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 2.
Here are the steps in factoring general trinomials under case
2.
Steps in factoring general trinomial 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 when 𝒂 ≠ 𝟏
Step 1: Factor out the greatest common factor other than one, if there is
any.
Step 2: Determine the sign pattern for the binomial factors.
Step 3: Find two first terms whose product is 𝑎𝑥 2 .
Step 4: Find two last terms whose product is 𝑐.
Step 5: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until a combination is found for which the
sum of the outer and inner is 𝑏𝑥.
Example 1: Factor 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 3.
Solution: 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 7, 𝑐 = 3
Since 𝑏 and 𝑐 are both positive then the factors of 3 must be both
positive.
Factor 2𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 · 𝑥 and Factor 3 = 1 · 3
Write the possible binomial factors using the factors of 2𝑥 2 and 3 and
solve for the middle term.
Possible Factors Middle/Linear term
(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3) 𝑥 + 6𝑥 = 7𝑥
(2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1) 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 5𝑥
Get the correct factors that gives the middle term 7𝑥.
(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)
Therefore, 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 3 = (2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)
23
Example 2: Factor 5𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 2.
Solution: 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = −6, c= −2
Since 𝑐 is negative then the factors of −2 must have opposite sign.
Factor 5𝑥 2 = 5𝑥 · 𝑥 and Factor −2 = 1 · −2 and −1 · 2
Write the possible factors and solve for the middle term.
Possible factors Middle/linear term
(5𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 − 2) 𝑥 − 10𝑥 = −9𝑥
(5𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + 1) −2𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 3𝑥
(5𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 2) −𝑥 + 10𝑥 = 9𝑥
(5𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) 2𝑥 − 5𝑥 = −3𝑥
Get the correct factors that gives the middle term −9𝑥.
(5𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)
Therefore, 5𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 2 = (5𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)
Example 3: Factor 6𝑚2 − 13𝑚 + 5.
Solution: 𝑎 = 6, 𝑏 = −13, 𝑐 = 5
Since 𝑐 is positive and 𝑏 is negative then the factors of 5 must be
both negative.
Factor 6𝑚2 = 6𝑚 · 𝑚 and 5 = −1 · −5
= 2𝑚 · 3𝑚
Write the possible factors and solve the middle term.
Possible factors Middle/linear term
(6𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 − 5) −𝑚 − 30𝑚 = −31𝑚
(6𝑚 − 5)(𝑚 − 1) −5𝑚 − 6𝑚 = −11𝑚
(2𝑚 − 1) (3𝑚 − 5) −3𝑚 − 10𝑚 = −13𝑚
(2𝑚 − 5) (3𝑚 − 1) −15𝑚 − 2𝑚 = −17𝑚
Get the correct factors that gives the middle term −13𝑚.
(2𝑚 − 1) (3𝑚 − 5)
Therefore, 6𝑚2 − 13𝑚 + 5 = (2𝑚 − 1) (3𝑚 − 5)
To factor general trinomial under case 2 is not easy. You have
difficulty in combining possible factors. Here is another way to
factor the general trinomial under case 2. It is called the “ac test”.
24
The ac test is used in testing whether trinomial is factorable or not. That
is a quadratic trinomial a𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 if the product ac can
be factored into two factors m and n such that 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 𝑏.
Let us apply the ac test in factoring 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 3.
Solution: 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 7, 𝑐 = 3
𝑎𝑐 = 2 · 3 = 6
Since 𝑏 and 𝑐 are both positive then the factors must be both positive.
Think two positive numbers whose product is 6 and the sum is 7.
Answer: 1 and 6 where 𝑚 = 1 and 𝑛 = 6.
You can show 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 3.
Step 1: Prepare a 2 by 2 grid.
Step 2: 2𝑥²
a. Place the first term of the trinomial in
and the third term in 3
𝑥 6𝑥
or
6𝑥 𝑥
2𝑥² 𝑥 2𝑥² 6𝑥
The new 2x2 grid is or
6𝑥 3 𝑥 3
25
Note: The product of the terms in and and the terms in
and are equal.
6𝑥² 6𝑥²
2𝑥² 6𝑥
2𝑥² 𝑥 or
𝑥 3
6𝑥 3
6𝑥² 6𝑥²
Row:
a. The GCMF of 2x² and x is x.
b. The GCMF of 6x and 3 is 3. OR
Column: 𝑥 3
a. The GCMF of 2𝑥² and 𝑥 is 𝑥.
2𝑥 2𝑥² 6𝑥
b. The GCMF of 6𝑥 and 3 is 3.
Row: 𝑥 3
1
a. The GCMF of 2𝑥² and 6𝑥 is 2𝑥.
b. The GCMF of 𝑥 and 3 is 1.
Example 2: 5𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 2
Solution: 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = −9, 𝑐 = −2
𝑎𝑐 = 5 · −2 = −10
Think two numbers whose sum is −9 and the product is −10.
Answer: −10 and 1 where 𝑚 = −10 and 𝑛 = 1.
You can show 5𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 2 = 5𝑥² − 10𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2.
26
Prepare 2x2 grid.
−10𝑥 −2 𝑥 −2
𝑥 −2 5𝑥 1
1 𝑥 −2 −2 −10𝑥 −2
Practice Task 1
Identify the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐. Find 𝑎𝑐.
1. 2𝑎2 + 11𝑎 + 12
2. 7𝑏2 + 10𝑏 − 8
3. 6𝑚2 + 𝑚 − 12
4. 3𝑎2 + 10𝑎 + 3
5. 15𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2
Practice Task 2
Use the diagram to factor each of the following trinomials
1. 3𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2 = ____ 2. 5𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 2 = ____
𝑥 2 𝑥 −2
27
3. 4𝑎2 − 4𝑎 − 3 = ____ 4. 4𝑦 2 + 8𝑦 + 3 = ___
2𝑎 −3 2y 3
6𝑛² −15𝑛
−2𝑛 5
Practice Task 3
Factor the following trinomials
1. 2𝑎2 + 11𝑎 + 12
2. 7𝑏2 + 10𝑏 − 8
3. 6𝑚2 + 𝑚 − 12
4. 3𝑎2 + 10𝑎 + 3
5. 15𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2
Assignment:
For you to reinforce the information provided in this lesson try to
answer the given assignment.
Post Test:
28
4. The greatest common monomial factor of 13𝑘 − 26 is ___.
5. 5𝑏 + 7𝑐 + 9𝑑 is called ______ polynomial.
Factor the following polynomials if necessary.
6. 10𝑐𝑑 − 25
7. 36𝑦 3 + 18𝑦 10
8. 𝑢5 𝑣 6 − 7𝑢𝑣 + 𝑢8 𝑣 2
9. 18𝑚5 + 12𝑚4 + 6𝑚3
10. 12𝑞 4 − 72𝑞 3 − 120𝑞 2
29
2. 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4
3. 𝑚2 + 16𝑚 + 64
4. 𝑛2 − 10𝑛 − 25
5. 9𝑎2 − 36𝑎 + 24
Factor the following perfect square trinomials.
6. 16 + 8𝑘 + 𝑘 2
7. 𝑑 2 − 20𝑑 + 100
8. 1 + 6𝑐 + 9𝑐 2
9. 81 − 18𝑑 + 𝑑 2
10. 49𝑏2 − 84𝑏 + 36
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ANSWER KEY:
Pre-test
A.
1. 18 = 1 · 18
2·9
3·6
−1 · −18
−2 · −9
−3 · −6
2. 64 = 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 = 26
3. GCF of 24 and 100 is 4
4. 3𝑦²
5. 3𝑥(𝑥 + 5)
B. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F
C.
1. 53 = 125
3
2. √64 = 4
3. 𝑚+𝑛
4. 9 + 3𝑐 + 𝑐 2
5. (2𝑥 + 3𝑦)(4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 )
D.
1. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
2. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4
3. 49
4. (𝑦 + 5)2
5. (𝑥 − 3)2
E.
1. 12 = 1 · 12
= 2·6
=3·4
= −1 · −12
= −2 · −6
= −3 · −4
2. −18 = (1) (−18)
= (−1) (18)
= (2) (−9)
= (−2) (9)
= (3) (−6)
= (−3) (6)
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3. 4 and 5
4. (𝑎 + 3) (𝑎 + 7)
5. (2𝑏 + 1) (𝑏 + 5)
Lesson 1:
Practice task 1:
1. 𝑥 4 2. 𝑎𝑏 3. 11 4. 8𝑚𝑛 5. 3𝑥𝑦
Practice task 2:
1. 5(𝑎 + 3)
2. 3𝑥(1 − 9𝑥 4 )
3. 2(2𝑏 − 3)
4. 11𝑦 2 (1 + 3𝑦 2 )
5. 5(𝑐 − 5𝑑)
Practice Task 3:
1. 𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑑)
2. 3(3𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑥 + 12𝑦)
3. Prime polynomial
4. 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (𝑥𝑦 − 9𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 27)
5. 15𝑚𝑘(4 + 3𝑚2 𝑘 6 + 2𝑚3 𝑘)
Assignment:
a. 6𝑥
b. 6𝑥(3𝑥 + 2)
c. 𝑃 = 18𝑥² + 12𝑥
= 18(2)² + 12(2)
= 18(4) + 24
= 72 + 24
𝑃 = 96
𝑃 = 18𝑥² + 12𝑥
= 18(3)² + 12(3)
= 18(9) + 36
= 162 + 36
𝑃 = 198
Lesson 2:
Practice Task 1:
1. No 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. No 5. No
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Practice Task 2:
1. (𝑚 + 7)(𝑚 − 7)
2. (9 + 𝑥𝑦)(9 − 𝑥𝑦)
2 1 2 1
3. (3 + 5 𝑛2 ) (3 − 5 𝑛2 )
4. (0.1𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐 2 )(0.1𝑎 − 𝑏𝑐 2 )
5. (2𝑦 + 7)(2𝑦 − 7)
Practice Task 3:
1. (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
2. (𝑚2 + 𝑛2 )(𝑚 + 𝑛)(𝑚 − 𝑛)
3. 5𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
4. 2𝑎(𝑎 + 2)(𝑎 − 2)
5. 𝑎(𝑏 + 10𝑎)(𝑏 − 10𝑎)
Assignment:
1. a. 25 2. 𝑚2 − 𝑛2 = (𝑚 + 𝑛)(𝑚 − 𝑛)
b. 81
Lesson 3:
Practice Task 1:
1. 𝑚
2. 3𝑛
3. −𝑑²
4. −10𝑠
2
5. 3
𝑘𝑔
Practice Task 2:
1. (𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 + 9)
2. (𝑎 − 4)(𝑎2 + 4𝑎 + 16)
3. (2𝑟 − 1)(4𝑟 2 + 2𝑟 + 1)
4. (𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
5. (𝑚 + 𝑛)(𝑚 − 𝑛)(𝑚4 + 𝑚2 𝑛2 + 𝑛4 )
Practice Task 3:
1. (𝑚2 + 5)(𝑚4 − 5𝑚2 + 25)
2. (6 − 𝑟)(36 + 6𝑟 + 𝑟 2 )
1 1 1 1 1
3. (2 + 3 𝑑)(4 − 6 𝑑 + 9 𝑑²)
1 1 1 1 1
4. (7 𝑥 − 5)(49 𝑥 2 + 35 𝑥 + 25)
5. (0.1𝑏 − 2)(0.01𝑏2 + 0.2𝑏 + 4)
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Assignment:
1. (𝑘 + 8)(𝑘 2 − 8𝑘 + 64)
2. 4𝑏(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4)
3. [(𝑥 + 2) + 10][(𝑥 + 2)2 − 10(𝑥 + 2) + 100]
Lesson 4:
Practice Task 1:
1. 1 2. 1 3. 2 4. 2 5. 1
Practice Task 2:
1. 16 2. 25 3. 14𝑚 4. 6𝑛 5. 𝑥 2
Practice Task 3:
1. (𝑟 + 10)2
2. (𝑠 − 9)2
3. (𝑘 + 11)2
4. (5𝑛 + 1)2
5. (8 + 𝑧 )2
Assignment:
1. 6
2. 7𝑟
3. 25𝑎2 𝑏2
Lesson 5:
Practice Task 1:
1. 1 + 8 = 9
(1)(8) = 8
2. 3 + 7 = 10
(3)(7) = 21
3. 2 + 18 = 20
(2)(18) = 36
4. −3 + −8 = −11
(−3)(−8) = 24
5. −2 + −4 = −6
(−2) (−4) = 8
Practice Task 2:
1. (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 + 7) 4. (𝑚 + 7) (𝑚 − 5)
2. (𝑦 + 3) (𝑦 + 8) 5. (𝑛 − 14) (𝑛 + 3)
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3. (𝑧 − 2) (𝑧 − 4)
Practice Task 3:
1. Prime
2. (2 + 𝑏) (18 + 𝑏)
3. (21 − 𝑘) (2 − 𝑘)
4. (𝑥 + 4𝑦) (𝑥 + 6𝑦)
5. (𝑦 − 7𝑥) (𝑦 − 7𝑥)
Assignment:
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 15
𝑘 = 8 or 𝑘 = {8,16}
𝑘 = 16
2. 𝑘 = {−11, 11, −4,4, −1,1} or 𝑘 = ±11, ±4, ±1
3. 𝑘 = {−19,19, −8,8, −1,1} or 𝑘 = ±19, ±8, ±1
Case 2: 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 when 𝑎 ≠ 1
Practice Task 1:
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎𝑐
2
1. 2𝑎 + 11𝑎 + 12 2 11 12 24
2. 7𝑏2 + 10𝑏 − 8 7 10 −8 −56
2
3. 6𝑚 + 𝑚 − 12 6 1 −12 −72
4. 3𝑎2 + 10𝑎 + 3 3 10 3 9
5. 15𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 15 1 −2 −30
Practice Task 2:
1. (𝑥 + 2) (3𝑥 + 1)
2. (𝑥 − 2) (5𝑥 + 1)
3. (2𝑎 − 3) (2𝑎 + 1)
4. (2𝑦 + 3) (2𝑦 + 1)
5. (2𝑛 − 5) (3𝑛 − 1)
Practice Task 3:
1. (𝑎 + 4) (2𝑎 + 3)
2. (𝑏 + 2) (7𝑏 − 4)
3. (2𝑚 + 3) (3𝑚 − 4)
4. (𝑎 + 3) (3𝑎 + 1)
5. (5𝑎 + 2) (3𝑎 − 1)
Assignment:
1. (3𝑥 + 1) (3𝑥 + 1)/(3𝑥 + 1)²
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2. (5𝑦 + 3)(2𝑦 − 1)
3. 3(𝑎 − 3) (𝑎 − 1)
Post Test:
A.
1. 7 6. 5(2𝑐𝑑 − 5)
2. c³ 7. 18𝑦³(2 + 𝑦 7 )
3. 9𝑟² 8. 𝑢𝑣 (𝑢4 𝑣 5 − 7 + 𝑢7 𝑣)
4. 13 9. 6𝑚3 (3𝑚2 + 2𝑚 + 1)
5. Prime polynomial 10. 12𝑞 2 (𝑞 2 − 6𝑞 − 10)
1 1
B. 1. 4 2. 𝑘 6 3. 4. 0.6 5.
9 6
6. (𝑎 + 11)(𝑎 − 11)
7. (8𝑏 + 1)(8𝑏 − 1)
8. (7𝑚2 + 6𝑛2 )(7𝑚2 − 6𝑛2 )
9. 𝑥𝑦(𝑦 + 𝑥 )(𝑦 − 𝑥 )
10. 4𝑥 3 (3 + 2𝑥)(3 − 2𝑥)
C.
1. 9
2. 64𝑚³
3. Difference of 2 cubes
4. 𝑚−4
5. 𝑎2 𝑏4 − 𝑎𝑏2 𝑐 3 + 𝑐 6
6. (2𝑥 + 𝑦)(4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦²)
7. (𝑘 − 3𝑠)(𝑘 2 + 3𝑠𝑘 + 9𝑠 2 )
8. (𝑎 + 6)(𝑎2 − 6𝑎 + 36)
9. (5 − 𝑏)(25 + 5𝑏 + 𝑏2 )
10. (3𝑎 + 5𝑏)(9𝑎2 − 15𝑎𝑏 + 25𝑏2 )
D.
1. Not a perfect square Trinomial
2. Perfect square Trinomial
3. Perfect square Trinomial
4. Not a perfect square Trinomial
5. Not a perfect Square Trinomial
6. (4 + 𝑘 )2
7. (𝑑 − 10)2
8. (1 + 3𝑐 )2
9. (9 − 𝑑 )2
10. (7𝑏 − 6)2
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E.
1. (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 2) 6. (𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑎 − 2𝑏)
2. (𝑦 + 5) (𝑦 − 1) 7. (𝑚 − 3𝑛) (𝑚 + 𝑛)
3. (𝑚 − 1) (𝑚 − 7) 8. (𝑢 − 5𝑣) (𝑢 + 2𝑣)
4. (𝑛 − 8) (𝑛 + 5) 9. (𝑥 − 3𝑦) (𝑥 − 5𝑦)
5. (𝑘 − 4) (𝑘 − 7) 10. (𝑥 − 2𝑦) (𝑥 − 10𝑦)
F.
1. N 6. (𝑥 + 3)
2. Y 7. (2𝑐 − 3)
3. Y 8. (𝑥 + 2)
4. Y 9. (𝑥 − 3)
5. N 10. (3𝑦 − 4)
References:
Alfrez, M and Alfrez G. (2004). MSA Elementary Algebra. MSA
Publishing House Philippines
Oronce, O. and Mendoza M. (2003). Exploring Mathematics. Rex Book
Store. Manila, Philippines
Torreliza, E. et.al. (1999). Moving Ahead with Mathematica II. FNB
Educational Inc., Philippines
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