Slingshot

 Elastics  Tests  
January  2015  
 
Summary  of  Results  
1. For  any  given  elastic,  the  lighter  the  ammo,  the  greater  the  speed.  
2. For  any  given  elastic,  the  heavier  the  ammo,  the  greater  the  energy.  
3. Among  the  elastics  and  ammo  tested  at  6”  active  length  and  30”  draw  length,  the  fastest  ammo  
speed  was  achieved  with  Dankung  1745  single  strand  with  1/4”  steel  ammo.  The  speed  was  72.6  
m/sec  or  238  fps.  
4. Among  the  elastics  and  ammo  tested  at  6”  active  length  and  30”  draw  length,  the  greatest  
energy  was  achieved  with  TheraTube  Black,  single  strand  with  1/2”  steel,  at  13.8  joules  or  10.2  
fpe  at  a  speed  of  57.3  m/sec  or  188  fps,  and  a  draw  weight  of  12.3  kg  or  27.1  lbs.  Dankung  1745  
looped  tubes  with  1/2”  steel  ammo  was  a  close  second  in  energy,  at  a  significantly  reduced  draw  
weight  of  9.6  kg  or  21.2  lbs.  
5. A  few  tests  using  a  butterfly  draw  (160cm  or  63”)  improved  both  speed  and  energy  dramatically.  
 
Introduction  
In  2014,  www.slingshotcommunity.com  forum  members  suggested  a  comprehensive  test  of  slingshot  
elastics.  A  wide  variety  of  elastics  and  materials  were  purchased  and  mailed  to  flicks,  who  volunteered  
to  contribute  his  time  and  conduct  these  tests.  This  report  presents  the  results.  
 
Methodology  
• Elongation  factor.  With  a  few  exceptions  noted  in  the  tables,  all  elastics  had  6”  active  length  
(from  pouch  tie  to  fork  tie)  and  30”  draw  length,  for  an  elongation  factor  of  5.0.    
• Ammo.  The  following  ammo  was  tested:    
Material   Diameter   Grams   Grains  
Steel   1/4"   1.1   17.0  
Steel   7mm   1.4   21.6  
Steel   8mm   2.1   32.4  
Steel   3/8"   3.5   54.0  
Steel   10mm   4.1   63.3  
Lead   .43  cal   7.1   109.6  
Steel   1/2"   8.4   129.6  

• Elastics  tested.  The  following  elastics  were  selected  for  testing:  

Flat  bands:  
o TheraBand  Gold,  single  6”  (15.2  cm),  0.75”  (18mm)  straight  
o TheraBand  Blue,  single  6”  (15.2  cm),  0.75”  (18mm)  straight  
o TheraBand  Black,  single  6”  (15.2  cm),  0.75”  (18mm)  straight  
o TheraBand  Gold,  single  6”  (15.2  cm),  0.83”  to  0.75”  (20mm  to  18mm)  tapered  
o TheraBand  Gold,  single  10.2”  (26  cm),  1”  to  0.6”  (27mm  to  15mm)  tapered,  63”  (160  cm)  
draw  
o Gold’s  Gym  plum,  single  6”  (15.2  cm),  0.75”  (18mm)  straight  
o Gold’s  Gym  green,  single  6”  (15.2  cm),  0.75”  (18mm)  straight  
o Gold’s  Gym  green,  single  10.2"  (26cm),  1"  -­‐  3/5"  (27/15mm)  tapered,  63"  (160cm)  draw    

  1  
 o Linatex  5/8”  (15mm)  straight  
o Linatex  9/16”-­‐7/16”  (14mm-­‐11mm)  tapered  
o Latex  .030  single,  3/4”  (18mm)  straight  
o Latex  .030  single,  7/8"  (22mm)  straight,  10.2”  (26  cm)  active  length,  63"  (160cm)  draw  
o Latex  .040  single,  3/4”  (18mm)  straight  
Tubes:  
o Dankung  2040,  looped  (original  pouch  1.6  grams)  
o Dankung  2040,  looped  (light  kangaroo  pouch  0.5  grams)  
o Dankung  1842,  looped  
o Dankung  1745,  looped  
o Dankung  1745,  single  strand  
o Dankung  3060,  single  strand  
o Hygenic  Small  Dipped,  single  strand  amber  
o Hygenic  Small  Dipped,  single  strand  black  
o Hygenic  Medium  Dipped,  single  strand  amber  
o Hygenic  Large  Dipped,  single  strand  amber  
o Hygenic  Large  Dipped,  single  strand  black  
o TheraTube  Yellow,  single  strand  
o TheraTube  Red,  single  strand  
o TheraTube  Green,  single  strand  
o TheraTube  Black,  single  strand  
o Daisy  PowerLine  Yellow  Tube  (6”  active  length)  
o TruMark  RR-­‐1  (amber)  Standard  Pull  Tube  (cut  to  6”  active  length)  
o TruMark  RR-­‐2  (black)  Heavy  Pull  Tube  (6”  active  length)  
o TruMark  RR-­‐T  (red)  Tapered  Tube  (6”  active  length,  30”  draw)  
o TruMark  RR-­‐T  (red)  Tapered  Tube  (8”  active  length,  40”  draw)  
 
Because  the  chrony  broke  before  all  tests  were  completed,  some  combinations  of  elastics  and  
ammo  were  not  tested.  Also,  where  the  ammo  was  judged  to  be  a  mismatch  for  the  elastic  
because  it  was  either  too  light  or  too  heavy  for  the  elastic,  the  tests  were  not  performed.  
• Temperature.  All  of  the  tests  were  conducted  indoors  to  standardize  the  elastic  temperature  at  
room  temperature,  since  it  is  well  known  that  increasing  the  temperature  of  the  elastic  
increases  the  speed  of  the  ammo  measurably.    
• Release  time.  In  all  cases,  the  pouch  was  held  at  full  draw  for  approximately  1  second  before  
release.    
• Chronograph.  A  Shooting  Chrony  Beta  Chronograph  was  used  to  measure  speed  of  the  ammo  3  
feet  in  front  of  the  frame.    
• Frame.  For  flat  bands  and  single  strand  tubes,  a  Scout  slingshot  from  www.simple-­‐shot.com  was  
used.  For  looped  tubes,  a  Tube  Master  Sniper  slingshot  from  www.pocketpredator.com  was  
used.  For  Trumark  and  Daisy  tubes,  a  Daisy  PowerLine  B52  slingshot  was  used.    
• Pouch.  Most  of  the  tests  were  conducted  with  an  e-­‐shot  target  pouch.  The  looped  tube  tests  
were  conducted  with  pre-­‐assembled  pouches  from  www.simple-­‐shot.com.  The  tests  involving  
Daisy/Trumark  tubes  were  conducted  with  the  large  pouches  that  were  pre-­‐assembled  at  the  
factory  with  those  tubes.  

  2  
 • Draw  length.  To  ensure  a  consistent  30”  draw  length  in  the  tests,  a  lightweight  string  was  tied  to  
the  fork.  A  knot  was  tied  in  the  string  30”  away  from  the  frame.  When  drawing  the  pouch  back,  
both  the  pouch  and  the  knot  in  the  string  were  grasped  with  the  thumb  and  index  finger,  and  
the  pouch  was  drawn  back  until  the  string  was  taut.    
• Three  shots  averaged.  In  all  cases,  three  shots  were  taken  for  each  elastic/ammo  combination.  
The  three  speeds  observed  on  the  chronograph,  as  well  as  their  average,  were  recorded  in  the  
spreadsheet.  
 
Results  
1. What  combination  of  elastic  and  ammo  resulted  in  maximum  speed?  The  greatest  speed  was  
achieved  with  Dankung  1745  single  strand  tubes  with  1/4”  steel  ammo.  The  speed  was  72.6  
m/sec  or  238  fps.  The  draw  weight  was  4.8  kg  or  10.6  lbs.    
2. What  combination  of  elastic  and  ammo  resulted  in  maximum  energy?  The  greatest  energy  was  
achieved  with  TheraTube  Black,  single  strand  with  1/2”  steel  ammo.    The  energy  was  13.8  
joules  or  10.2  fpe.  The  speed  was  57.3  m/sec  or  188  fps.  The  draw  weight  was  12.3  kg  or  27.1  
lbs.  A  close  second  was  Dankung  1745  looped  tubes  with  1/2”  steel  ammo,  which  produced  
13.2  joules  or  9.7  fpe,  at  a  speed  of  56.0  m/sec  or  184  fps,  at  a  significantly  reduced  draw  weight  
of  9.6  kg  or  21.2  lbs.  
3. A  butterfly  draw  (160cm  or  63”)  improved  both  speed  and  energy  dramatically.  Only  a  few  
elastics  were  tested  with  a  butterfly  draw,  but  as  an  example,  TheraBand  Gold,  10.2”  (26cm),  
tapered  from  1”  at  the  fork  to  3/5”  at  the  pouch  (27mm  to  15mm  taper),  with  a  63”  draw  
(160cm),  pushed  ¼”  steel  ammo  at  98.6  m/sec  (323  fps),  and  delivered  22.8  joules  or  16.8  fpe  
with  ½”  steel.  Additional  testing  would  be  needed  to  separate  the  effects  of  the  tapering  from  
the  effects  of  the  butterfly  draw.  
4. A  light  pouch  appears  to  improve  speed  and  energy  measurably.  Only  one  elastic,  Dankung  2040  
looped  tube,  was  tested  with  two  different  pouches.  Switching  from  a  1.6  gram  pouch  to  a  0.5  
gram  pouch  made  of  kangaroo  leather  resulted  in  10%  greater  speed  and  19%  greater  energy  
when  shooting  3/8”  steel.  Additional  testing  will  be  needed  to  confirm  this  for  other  
combinations  of  elastics  and  ammo.  
 
Tables  
For  each  ammo  size  tested,  three  tables  are  shown  below.  The  first  is  for  tubes,  the  second  for  straight-­‐
cut  flats,  and  the  third  for  tapered  flats  or  butterfly  setups.  As  noted  above,  the  chrony  broke  before  all  
the  elastics  could  be  tested.  Additional  testing,  particularly  of  flat  bands  and  the  tapered  and  butterfly  
setups,  would  help  fill  out  the  tables.  
 
Each  table  lists  the  elastics  from  fastest  to  slowest  for  that  particular  ammo.  Draw  weight  and  energy  at  
the  speed  measured  by  the  chrony  are  also  shown.  Since  ammo  loses  energy  as  it  moves  towards  the  
target,  the  further  away  the  target,  the  less  the  energy  at  impact.  

  3  
  
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  5  
  
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  6  
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A:0<"A%B0'I0--.G,'D9#&-0'D;<"#1 +@3) 236 237 (45 (53) *3+
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JE&0#9='P>"--'!9//01,'D9#&-0'D;<"#1'B-"=$ +(32 *3( *3) (24 437 53*
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  7  
10mm  Steel  
 
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  8  
.43  cal  Lead  
 
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7809"7%:0'E0--.C,'=>#&-0'=?9"#1 *23@ 435 634 (45 (@3) 43*
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MA&0#><'J01>%H'!>//01,'=>#&-0'=?9"#1'"H:09 *@3) 435 436 (*@ (@3) +3F
 
 
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  9  
1/2”  Steel  
 
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  10  
Cross-­‐Section  Latex  Area  
The  tubes  have  a  variety  of  inner  and  outer  diameters.  The  smaller  the  inner  diameter  and  the  larger  the  
outer  diameter,  the  more  latex  needs  to  be  pulled,  for  a  given  length  of  tubing.  The  table  below  shows  
the  various  tubes,  in  increasing  order  of  cross-­‐section  area.  
 
Cross-­‐Section   Draw  Weight,  
Tube  
Latex  Area  (mm^2)   kg  
Dankung  2040   9.42      
Hygenic  Small  Dipped,  amber   9.80   3.6  
Hygenic  Small  Dipped,  black   9.80   4.1  
Dankung  1842   11.31      
Dankung  1745   13.63   4.8  
Hygenic  Medium  Dipped   16.21   6.2  
Dankung  3060   21.21   7.1  
TheraTube  Yellow   22.58   6.2  
Hygenic  Large  Dipped,  amber   23.62   6.6  
Hygenic  Large  Dipped,  black   23.62   7.1  
TruMark  RR-­‐T  Tapered  Tube   28.27   5.9  
TheraTube  Red   29.84   7.4  
Daisy  PowerLine  Yellow  Tube   30.63   10.2  
TheraTube  Green   37.66   8.6  
TruMark  RR-­‐2  Heavy  Tube   43.98   11.9  
TheraTube  Black   59.69   12.3  
 
If  the  latex  material  were  identical  across  all  tubes,  then  the  draw  weights  should  also  increase  in  the  
same  order  as  the  cross-­‐section  areas.  But  this  is  not  the  case.  For  example,  TheraTube  Yellow  has  
greater  cross-­‐section  area  than  Dankung  3060,  but  lower  draw  weight.  This  suggests  that  the  chemical  
composition  of  the  different  tubes  is  not  identical.  
 
Additional  Testing  
Several  areas  come  to  mind  for  additional  testing.  For  a  selected  set  of  elastics  and  ammo  pairs:  
1. Additional  elastics.  Most  of  the  flat  band  tests  used  18mm  (3/4”)  straight  cut.  It  would  be  good  
to  test  other  widths  (such  as  1”)  and  a  variety  of  tapered  cuts,  for  example  by  adding  and  
subtracting  2mm  from  each  dimension  tested.  For  example,  to  compare  to  18mm  straight  cut,  
20mm  to  16mm  tapered  cut,  and  22mm  to  14mm  tapered  cut,  could  be  tested.  Tapered  tubes  
for  a  selected  set  of  tubes  could  also  be  tested,  to  complement  the  existing  tests  of  single  strand  
and  looped  tubes.  
2. Additional  ammo  weights.  7/16”  steel,  weighing  5.6  grams,  would  provide  test  results  halfway  
between  the  already-­‐tested  4.1  grams  (10mm  steel)  and  7.1  grams  (.43  cal  lead).  Also,  ammo  
heavier  than  the  8.4  grams  of  ½”  steel  could  be  tested.  Finally,  some  of  the  more  popular  sizes  
of  lead  ammo  could  be  tested.  
3. Durability.  The  number  of  shots  before  a  particular  elastic  broke  could  be  counted.  This  would  
require  standardizing  as  many  other  factors  as  possible,  such  as  the  elastic  length  and  cut  (if  
tapered),  the  ammo  and  pouch  used,  and  the  number  of  shots  per  day.  Since  the  method  of  

  11  
 attachment  to  fork  and  pouch  may  affect  elastic  durability,  a  variety  of  attachment  methods  
could  be  tested.  
4. Partial  and  full  butterfly  draw.  In  addition  to  the  tested  draw  length  of  30”,  other  draw  lengths  
such  as  45”  or  60”  could  be  tested  on  a  variety  of  elastics.  
5. Pouch  weight.  Several  of  the  more  popular  pouches  currently  available  could  be  tested  and  
compared  to  kangaroo  pouches.  
6. Speed  and  energy  at  target  distance.  The  chronograph  could  be  placed  at  distances  such  as  
10m,  15m,  or  20m  from  the  slingshot  to  measure  speed  and  energy  at  those  target  distances.  An  
online  calculator  tool  at  www.slingshotcommunity.com  already  provides  this  information,  along  
with  the  distance  the  ammo  drops  from  slingshot  to  target,  the  drift  (if  there  is  a  crosswind),  
and  the  time  of  flight  from  slingshot  to  target.  
 
Conclusion  
All  other  things  equal,  lighter  ammo  resulted  in  greater  speed,  while  heavier  ammo  resulted  in  greater  
energy.  
 
Shooters  who  wish  to  maximize  speed  may  consider  Dankung  1745  single  strand  with  1/4”  steel  ammo.  
Although  not  fully  explored  in  this  round  of  testing,  additional  speed  can  be  achieved  by  increasing  draw  
length  (by  using  a  partial  butterfly  or  full  butterfly  draw,  or  using  a  starship  design)  or  using  a  lightweight  
pouch  such  as  one  made  from  kangaroo  leather.  
 
Shooters  who  wish  to  maximize  energy  upon  impact  with  the  target  may  consider  Dankung  1745  looped  
tubes  or  TheraTube  Black  single  strand  with  1/2”  steel.  Ammo  heavier  than  1/2”  steel  (not  tested)  is  
expected  to  deliver  even  more  energy.  Draw  weight  may  become  an  important  consideration  with  these  
heavy  elastics.  
 
Shooters  seeking  a  balance  of  speed,  energy,  and  draw  weight  have  a  wide  range  of  elastics/ammo  
combination  to  choose  from,  as  shown  in  the  tables.  

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