Internal

Energy

Kinetic energy Intermolecular

of particles Internal energy = sum of the kinetic and intermolecular potential energy
potential energies of the molecules in a quantity of substance

SOLID LIQUID GAS Energy stored in the bonds between the molecules of a
substance

The particles in an ideal gas

GAS
have zero potential energy
Translational
Vibrational Rotational
(moving)

Absolute temperature (Kelvin) is proportional to the Gases have more potential

average kinetic energy of the molecules in a energy than liquids
substance. Two objects with the same temperature
contain particles with the same average kinetic
energy. Liquids have negative potential
energy, but more Ep than LIQUID
3.2 - Equation relating solids
the average kinetic energy Heating simply means adding thermal energy to an object.
of an ideal gas, it's absolute
temperature and the Solids have negative potential
Boltzmann constant. energy, and less Ep than SOLID
When the temperature increases the average Ek of the liquids
substance increases but the Ep stays the same

When the temperature is constant the substance is changing

state and the average Ek is constant while the Ep increases