Project Proposal

PAF-KIET
MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
Computing & Information Sciences Department
Course: Data Communication and Networks
Course Code: NW301
Term: FALL 2020
Program: BS (CS)

Project Title:
C E L LULAR N E TWO R K S

Group Members:
T A L HA KHAN 9651
U S AMA R E HMA N 9894
N O UMA N A L I 9964
(Name) (Student. ID.)

Submission Date

1 5 / 0 9 / 2 0
(Date: DD/MM/YY)

Submitted To:
Dr. Maaz Bin Ahmed
(Course Instructor)

Signature: ________________ Max Marks: _____ Marks Obtained: ___

 Project Proposal
Defination:
A cellular network or mobile network is a communication network where the
last link is wireless. The network is distributed over land areas called "cells",
each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, but more normally,
three cell sites or base transceiver stations.

Basic cellular network Archeitecture:

An overall cellular network contains a number of different elements from the
base transceiver station (BTS) itself with its antenna back through a base
station controller (BSC), and a mobile switching centre (MSC) to the location
registers (HLR and VLR) and the link to the public switched telephone
network (PSTN). These all elements are discussed shortly below:-

1. Base transceiver station, BTS:

The base transceiver station or system, BTS consists of a number of different
elements. The first is the electronics section normally located in a container at
the base of the antenna tower. This contains the electronics for
communicating with the mobile handsets and includes radio frequency
amplifiers, radio transceivers, radio frequency combiners, control,
communication links to the BSC, and power supplies with back up.

2. Mobile switching centre (MSC)

The MSC is the control centre for the cellular system, coordinating the actions
of the BSCs, providing overall control, and acting as the switch and
connection into the public telephone network. In view of the importance of
the MSC, it contains many backup and duplicate circuits to ensure that it does
not fail. Obviously backup power systems are an essential element of this to
guard against the possibility of a major power failure, because if the MSC
became inoperative then the whole network would collapse.

Key cellular communications concepts

As the name indicates, cellular telecommunications technology is based
around the concept of using a large number of base stations each covering a
small area or cell. With each base station communicating with a reasonable
number of users, it means that the whole system can accommodate a huge
number of connections, and the levels of frequency use are good.
A cellular communications system has a number of different areas, each of
which performs a different function. The main areas detailed below are the
main ones that are normally referred to when discussing cellular
communications systems. Each of these areas can often be split much further
into different entities.
 Project Proposal
 Mobile handset or user equipment, UE: The user equipment or
mobile phone is the element of a mobile communications system that the
user sees. It connects to the network and enables the user to access voice
and data services. The user equipment could also be a dongle used for
accessing data on a laptop, or it could also be a modem on another form of
device – for example cellular communications is starting to be used for
Internet of Things, IoT applications and as a result it could be attached to a
smart meter to automatically send meter readings or it could be used for
any one of a host of other applications.
 Radio access network, RAN: The radio access network is at the
periphery of the cellular communications system. It provides the link to the
user equipment from the cellular network. It comprises a number of
elements and broadly includes the base station and base station controller.
With cellular communications technology advancing, the terms used and
exactly what they contain is changing, but their basic function remains
essentially the same.
 Core network: The core network is the hub of the cellular
communications system. It manages the overall system as well as storing
user data, manages access control, links to the external world and provides
a host of other functions.

HandOff Process in a Cellular Networks:

The process of handoff is used when users moves from cell to cell. A well
planned cell clusters will have a seamless handoff, this is experienced when
traffic is transferred from one BS to another without experiencing a distortion
in call or data transmission process. There are 2 types of handoff as shown in
the figure below namely:
1. Soft Handoff
2. Hard Handoff
 Project Proposal
Figures and Diagrams:
Project Proposal