HISTORY-III

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

HARAPPA & MOHAN JO DARO

PRESENTED BY :
AR. NEHA PAREEK
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY –
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING, GR. NOIDA

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 1
 INTRODUCTION :

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 2
 VIDEO

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 3
 VIDEO:

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 4
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHQd_wE4txc
AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 5
 VIDEO:

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 6
AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 7
 Introduction
• The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze
Age civilization (3300–1300 BCE) located in
the western region of South Asia, and
spread over what are now Pakistan,
Northwest India, and eastern Afghanistan.
• Excavations first conducted in 1921-22, in
the ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjo
Daro, both now in Pakistan.
• The Indus city was made of mud-brick
buildings. It had walls and roads.
• Water was very important to Indus people,
so the builders started by digging wells, and
laying drains.
• Most Indus people, perhaps 9 out of 10
people were farmers and traders.
AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 8
 Great bath
• At the western end of the site is an area known
as the Citadel. This area of the city was built on
top of a mound of bricks almost 12 m high. A
large staircase ran up the side of this mound.
• Citadel area may have been used for public
gatherings, religious activities or important
administrative activities.
• The "great bath" is without doubt the earliest
public water tank in the ancient world.
• Finely fitted bricks laid on edge with gypsum
plaster and the side walls.
• Most scholars agree that this tank would have
been used for special religious functions where
water was used to purify the bathers.

Source: Byju.com:town-planning-of-harappan

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 9
 Great Granary
• In 1950, Sir Mortimer Wheeler
identified one large building in
Mohenjo-Daro as a "Great
Granary".
• Certain wall-divisions in its massive
wooden superstructure appeared
to be grain storage-bays, complete
with air-ducts to dry the grain.
• Granary is adjacent to the Great
Bath.

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 10
 Lower Town
• The "Lower Town" is made up of
numerous lower mounds that lie to
the east and may represent multiple
walled neighborhoods.
• The Lower Town is organized on a grid
system with four avenues running
from north to south and four running
from east to west.
• The avenues are several meters wide
and have drains running down the
middle or side of the road.

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 11
 Features of Houses in Lower Town
• Most of the homes are made of baked bricks in a standard
size of 28 x 14 x 7 meters.
• The remains of stairways, seems to suggest that many of the
buildings had two storeys.
• The houses were cool inside. Thick walls kept people cool in
the heat of summer.
• Walls were covered with mud plaster. It is not clear if people
painted the walls.
• The structure of the houses has one or more toilets or toilet
connected to a centralized system.
• Underground sewer pipes are said to be planned and
organized by a centralized government.
• Over 700 public and private wells have been found at
Mohenjo-Daro.

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 12
 Trade
• Farmers brought food into the cities. Trade goods
included terracotta pots, beads, gold and silver,
colored gem stones, metals, seashells and pearls.
• Most artifacts unearthed were toys indicating that
the Dravidians liked entertainment and loved to play.
Their disappearance remains a mystery due to no
traces of war were evident.

AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 13
 Possible Causes of Disappearance
• Famine, hunger, drought.
• Ecological factors/Natural disasters
• Flood.
• Earthquake.
• Volcanic Eruption.
• Plagues.
• Invasions by another civilization like the Aryans.
AR. NEHA PAREEK APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING 14