UNESCO-NIGERIA TECHNICAL &

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
REVITALISATION PROJECT-PHASE II

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRICAL DRAWING
COURSE CODE: EEC111

YEAR I- SEMESTER I

THEORY/PRACTICAL

Version 1: December 2008

1
 List of contents
Week 1 …………………………………………………………………… 1
1. Introduction of Electronic Drawing
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Rules for drawing schematics
1.3 Connections and crossovers
1.4 Planning a schematic circuit diagrams
Week 2 …………..……………………………………………………….. 6
2. Computer Aided Drawing using Microsoft Visio

2.1 Visio 2003 Basics

2.2 Starting Visio Technical

2.3 Page Setup Dialog Box

2.4 Size and Position Window

2.5 Saving a Drawing

2.6 Formatting Toolbar

2.7 Standard Tool bar

2.8 The stencil
Drawing No. 1
Week 3 …………..……………………………………………………….. 16
Drawing No. 2
Week 4 …………..……………………………………………………….. 17
Drawing No. 3
Week 5 …………..……………………………………………………….. 18
Drawing No. 4
Week 6 …………..……………………………………………………….. 19
Drawing No. 5
Wee 7 …………..…………………………..…………………………….. 20
Drawing No. 6

2
Week 8 …………..……………………………………………………….. 21
Drawing No. 7

Week 9 …………..……………………………………………….…….. 22
Drawing No. 8
Week 10 …………..…………………………………………………….. 23
Drawing No. 9
Week 11…………..…………………………………………………….. 24
Drawing No. 10
Week 12…………..…………………………………………………….. 25
Drawing No. 11
Week 13…………..……………………………………………………….. 32
Drawing No. 12
Week 14…………..……………………………………………………….. 33
Drawing No. 13
Week 15…………..……………………………………………………….. 34
Drawing No. 14

3
Week 1

1.0 Introduction

Almost all projects, especially engineering projects, include mechanical, electrical,

and Electronic components. Electronic components consist of items like power supply,
energy conversion units, control circuitry …etc.

Thus, knowledge of electronic systems is important for every drafter. Our purpose
here is to show the rules for electronic drawing schematics.

Drafters are responsible for preparing drawings that are easy to read. The drawing
should completely describe the engineer’s design requirements. Drawing will allow the
reader only one interpretation. Decisions cannot be left to the reader.

The engineer’s sketches and layouts are called detail drawing and the drafter’s
drawing is called the technical drawing.

1.2 Rules for drawing schematics

1. Normal signal flow should be from left to right and top to bottom.
2. Lines should be spaced a minimum of 5 mm apart.
3. Lettering should be 4 mm high.
4. Lines between components should track the shortest path.
5. Connecting lines should have a minimum of crossovers and joggles.
6. Long parallel lines should be arranged in groups.
7. Power sources should go up and ground lines down.
8. All lines should run horizontally or vertically and connect in 90 corners.
9. The symbols may be drawn to any size or default size (drawing by computer) but on
the diagram similar symbols are drawn of the same size.
10. Almost all symbols may be rotated or mirror-reversed without alteration of the
meaning.
11. Individual similar components in a circuit should be arranged either vertically or
horizontally.

1.3 Connections and crossovers

Two systems are approved for showing connections (junctions) or crossovers. One is
the dot system, as shown in Fig. (1.2a)(1.2b)(1.2c). The other is the no-dot system shown in
Fig. (1.2d)(1.2e). The no-dot system of Fig. (1.2e) has some weaknesses in terms of clarity,
but it has equality in the standards.

4
1.4 Planning a schematic circuit diagrams

The first step in planning a schematic circuit diagram is to make a rough sketch (by
free hand) of the circuit components and then include the connecting conductors. At this
stage it becomes obvious that the circuit needs modifications, and these can be made then.
We will look at the development of schematic circuit diagrams for some circuits and
follow through the planning and drawing of each one.

Example:
Redraw the circuit of Fig. (1.3) Single amplifier circuit applying the basic rules and
planning of schematics.

Fig. (1.3)
Step 1:
Draw an outline of the supply lines and the main component line. The upper line is
the positive line and the lower is the negative line. The transistor (main component) base line
is drawn in the mid distance between the supply lines as shown in Fig. (1.3a)

5
 Fig. (1.3a)

Step 2:
Determine the positions of the resistors, as shown in Fig. (1.3b) and drawing the
resistors,
as shown in Fig. (1.3c).

Fig. (1.3b)

Fig. (1.3c)

Step 3:
Draw the capacitors, input and output terminals as shown in Fig. (1.3d).

6
 Fig. (1.3d)

Step 4:

Draw the connection dots and ground, write the components designation or any other
information such as the value (if any) and components code. Then finalized the drawing by
balancing distances and centering of components for a good presentation as shown in Fig.
(1.3f)

Fig. (1.3e)

7
Week 2
2.1 Visio 2003 Basics

The fundamentals of Visio 2003 are briefly discussed here. Learn about Visio's patented
Smart Shapes technology and how it makes creating drawings so easy. And also cover other
Visio elements, such as stencils, templates, wizards, and toolbars.

2.2 Starting Visio Technical

In order to start Visio:
1- You must choose Start->Programs->Visio 2003 as shown in figure, or double click Visio
2003 icon on the desk top.

8
2- From the Choose Drawing Type dialog box, within the Category area, select the category
of drawing you want to create (Electrical engineering)

3- Double Click on any template on the drawing page and all of the stencils associated with
that solution are displayed as shown

2.3 Page Setup Dialog Box

Step 1: Print Setup tab

9
The Print Setup tab allows you to
set the printing options for your
drawing page. From this tab, you
can select paper size, page
orientation, reduce or enlarge the
drawing, and how many pieces of
paper you want the drawing to be
printed across

Step 2: Page Size tab

The Page Size tab allows you to

resize the pages, giving you the
ability to add where you need it and
remove extra space that is unused.
The resizing options do not change
the drawing scale.

Step 4: Page Properties tab

The Page Properties tab allows you

to set char-ataractics of the page.
You can set the type of page you
want (foreground or back-ground),
name of the page, name of the

10
background page if used, and measurement units.

2.4 Size and Position Window

To display the Size & Position

window, select View > Size &
Position. The window will appear in
the drawing workspace. To display in
the window the size and position of
any shape, simply select the shape.
With the Size & Position window
open, you can modify a shape's
formatting

Rectangle Tool Arc Tool

Ellipse Tool Freeform Tool
Line Tool Pencil Tool
11
Zoom Commands

12
Zoom Out, magnifying glass with `minus' sign, shrinks drawing down in measured steps.
Zoom In, magnifying glass with `plus' sign, expands drawing in measured steps. Zoom text
box allows you to choose magnifications. Click the down arrowhead on the right of the text
box to display menu. You can select set percentages or fit entire page or the width of the page
in the workspace.

2.5 Saving a Drawing

You may save your drawing by choosing File->Save. If you

haven't named your drawing yet, you will need to name the
drawing at the next window. If you have already named
your drawing, saving will just save your most recent
changes. Be sure to save your drawing every few minutes.

You may format line from Format >> line

13
2.6 Formatting Toolbar

From formatting tool bar, you can control the colour, thickness and style lines. Also, you can
control the style, size and colour of the text

2.7 Standard Tool bar

Cut
New Print Preview Undo Redo Text Tool Zoom

Save Delete Pointer Tool

2.8 The stencil

A stencil is a collection of shapes

associated with a certain drawing type. For
example, if you wanted to draw a parking lot,
Visio offers a stencil that contains parking stalls,
buses, cars, handicapped signs, and various other
objects you might need to create a parking lot.
There are stencils for Electric Circuits, Maps,
Household Appliances & Furniture, and much
more!

Visio has many available stencils that can

be found under the File->Stencils menu. Once
you have chosen the appropriate stencil it will
appear to the left of your drawing workspace.
Keep in mind, you may add as many stencils as
you would like.

Using stencils is very easy. You simply click the

object on your stencil and drag it (without

14
releasing your left mouse button) to the position on your drawing that you want it to appear.
Once you have moved it to your drawing, just let go of the left mouse button and the object
will appear on your drawing.

Fig. (2.4)
The easiest way to create a drawing is to drag shapes from a stencil library onto the
drawing page. When you drop a shape onto the drawing page, Visio snaps the shape to the
nearest grid line so you can position it precisely in your drawing.
Drawing No. 1
Draw the schematic symbol of fig. 2-1a and 2-1b as shown below using Visio program.
Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

15
Fig. 2-1a

16
Fig. 2-1b

17
Week 3
Drawing No. 2

Redraw fig. 2-2 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-2 Tracking Transmitter

Note:
1. Blocks should be of equal dimensions and labels at the center
2. Auxiliary block at your own discretion.

18
Week 4
Drawing No. 3

Redraw Fig. 2-3 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-3

Note:
1. K1 will be drawn manually
2. L4 can be taken from stencil library via Electrical then transformer.

19
Week 5
Drawing No. 4

Redraw Fig. 2-4 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-4

Note:
1. Write all text and component designation
2. Include GND.

20
Week 6

Drawing No. 5

Redraw Fig. 2-5 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-5

Note:
1. Write all text and component designation
2. Include GND.
3. Draw IC 555 manually

21
Week 7

Drawing No. 6

Redraw Fig. 2-6 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-6

Note:
1. Write all text and component designation
2. Q1, Q2, and Q3 are Insulated Gate FET (IGFET)
3. Draw IC’s manually

22
Week 8

Drawing No. 7

Redraw Fig. 2-7 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-7

Note:
1. Write all text and component designation.
2. Draw IC’s manually

23
Week 9

Drawing No. 8

Redraw Fig. 2-8 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

EA I 0A I 1A I2A I 3A S 1 S 0 I 0B I 1B I 2B I 3B EB

ZA ZB

Fig. 2-8 Logic Circuit for IC 4539P

Note:
1. Write all input and output text.
2. Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and digital.

24
Week 10

Drawing No. 9

Redraw Fig. 2-9 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-9 Four-stage divided by 8 Johnson counter

Note:
1. Write all input and output text.
2. Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and digital.
3. IC Flip Flop form stencil library via analog and digital.

25
Week 11

Drawing No. 10

Redraw Fig. 2-10 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-10 Four-bit universal shift register

Note:
1. Write all input and output text.
2. Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and digital.
3. IC Flip Flop form stencil library via analog and digital.

26
Week 12

3.1 Introduction

The block diagram is used to classify the relationships between the different groups of
the electrical components and elements or classify the relationships between the different
stages forming the electronic circuit.

The block diagram shows the passage of the electrical signal within the circuit, and
the cascaded operations which are completed by the different stages of the circuit.

The block diagram gives us the simplified ways to explain the measuring of the
circuit.

Block diagrams are used to represent the different stages of an electronic circuit.
They determine the flow of the electrical signal form the input stage to the output stage.

In designing electronic circuits, they provide an important first step for technicians
and engineers to visualize the function and composition of the circuit.

For this reason, the block diagram is used as a first step in designing the new
equipment, and it is also widely used in catalogues. The special editions of the equipment
that are made by the industrial electronic companies, and it is enclosed with the equipment
produced, or distributed among the Maintenance Center or Science Institute.

3.2 Rules for drawing schematics

1. The stages are drawn in a square or rectangular shape according to the need.

2. The link between different stages is to be a single line. But, for a single stage, it is
possible to have more than one input, and even more than one output.

3. The arrows are used to indicate the direction of the signal path, and are to be put at
the end of the connection line. That is to say at the entrance of the following unit,
as in the example given in Fig. (12-1)

I/P O/P
A B C

Fig. (3-1)
4. Signal flows is from left to right, and it can also be read with the same way from
left to right.

5. The information which is important to designate the stages must be put inside the
blocks.

27
 6. Very often, we use some elements and components with same standard symbols in
the block diagram, and this are:

(a) Antenna
(b) Mic
(c) Loud Speakers
(d) CRT
(e) Controls
(f) Magnetic Heads
(g) Meters and etc…

7. The block diagram illustrates the function of different stages of the circuit in
arranging its operation, but it does not illustrate all relations linked to special
elements, and the connection lines to the circuit.

8. For more illustration of the function of the different stages, we can draw the wave
shape of the output stage on the drawing.

9. Abbreviations are used in writing inside the units. Table (12-1) illustrate the most
used abbreviations in the block diagram area of communication.

Table 3-1

Abbrv.
Meaning Abbrv. Meaning
AM
Amplitude Modulation LW Long Wave
FM
Frequency Modulation MW Medium Wave
VHF
Very High Frequency SW Short Wave
UHF
Ultra High Frequency Amp Amplifier
AF
Audio Frequency OSC Oscillator
RF
Radio Frequency IF Intermediate Frequency

10. Symbolic shapes are used, and drawn inside the blocks, to illustrate the function
of the stages. Examples are bridge rectifier, regulator, and amplifiers.

11. Symbol shapes are used to illustrate functions of the control switches instead of
writing their names, and they are the same symbols which are printed on the
equipments, the Table (12-3) illustrates these symbols.

28
 Table (3-2)

Control Switch
Name
Symbol

ON - OFF

Brightness
Control

Contrast
Control

Color
Control

Tone
Control

Volume
Control

Horizontal
Hold

Vertical
Hold

12. In the block diagram, the pictorial diagram is used for some elements such as the
motor, the head recorder, or the aerial… etc… to illustrate the mechanical motion
or the general drawing.

For the stages of computer equipments and also for integrated circuits of
functional microprocessors, there are some differences, especially, in the
connection lines like, as given in Fig. (3-2), Fig. (3-3), and Fig. (3-4).

29
 Single line in the Single line crossing a A bidirectional line
direction of the arrow multi line

Single line connected Two separate lines Two disconnected

to a multi line feeding each other line

Fig. (3-2)

Microprocessor

Data Address
Memory
Bus Bus

Output

Input

Fig. (3-3)

30
 Accumulator
Data
Bus
Output
Bus
Registers ALU

CPU
Control

Fig. (3-4)

31
Drawing No. 11

Redraw Fig. (3-5a) and (3-5b) as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary
adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. (3-5a)

Note:
3. Blocks should be on equal dimensions and labels at the center
4. Auxiliary block at your own discretion.

32
Week 13

Drawing No. 12

Redraw Fig. (3-6) as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. (3-6)

Note:
1. Blocks should be on equal dimensions and labels at the center
2. Auxiliary block at your own discretion.
3. Apply color for mirrors and filters.

33
Week 14

Drawing No. 13

Draw the block diagram Fig. (3-7) as shown below using Visio program and fill in the
correct label for each block (labels are written below). Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

2
3

1 4 6 7
5
1. Preregulator 4. DC Amplifier
2. Control 5. Reference
3. Current Sources for 6. Comparison
D1, D2, D3 7. Sample

Fig. 3-7

34
Week 15

Drawing No. 14

Draw the block diagram Fig. (3-8) as shown below using Visio program and fill in the
correct label for each block (labels are written below). Apply the necessary adjustment for
balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 3-8

35