Contents

Chapter PageNo.

Certificate i
Acknowledgement ii
Abstract iii
Table of Content iv-v
List of Figure vi
List of Table vii

1.0 Introduction

1.1 About Iffco 1 1.2

Objectives of Iffco 1
1.3 Aonla Unit
1 1.4 Achievements of Iffco
2

2.0 Ammonia-1 Plant

2.1 General 3

2.2 Objectives 3

2.3 Uses of Ammonia 3

2.4 Ammonia Synthesis 4

2.5 Reactions involved in Ammonia synthesis 4

3.0 Ammonia Production

3.1 Introduction 7

iv
 Chapter PageNo.

3.1.1 Ammonia Synthesis 7

3.1.2 Urea Synthesis 8

3.2. Ammonia manufacture process 8

3.2.1 Hydrogen desulphurization 8

3.2.2 Nitrogen addition 9

3.2.3 Removal of carbon monoxide 10

3.2.4 Water removal 10

3.2.5. Removal of Carbon oxides 10

3.2.6. Synthesis of ammonia 10

4.0 Process Technology and Safety measures
4.1 Processtechnology 12
4.1.1 Stripping process 14
4.1.2 Theory of stripping process 14
4.1.3 Effect of process variables 15
4.2 Effect of NH3and CO2 Ratio 15
4.3 Effect of H2O and CO2 Ratio 15
4.4 Residence time 16
4.5 Biuretin Urea ` 16
4.6 Factor sofsafety and health 16
4.6.1 Risk of accident and harmful explosions: area of concern 16
4.6.2 Dangerous materials 17

4.6.3 Healthhazard 17

v
 4.6.4 Setup of fire and safety at Iffco Aonla 17
4.6.5 Equipments for fire fighting 18
4.6.6 Safety equipments 18
5.0 Summary And Conclusion
5.1 Summary 19
5.2 Conclusion 19
BIBLIOGRAPHY 20

vi
 List of figure

Figure Caption Source Page

2.1 Flow Sheet of Iffco ammonia plant 5

ammonia plant manual

4.1 Process and flow Iffco urea plant 13

diagram of Urea plant manual

vii
 List of Table

Table Caption Source Page

2.1 Physical Properties of Iffco ammonia plant 6

ammonia plant manual

viii