Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGIONAL OFFICE NO.VIII (EASTERN VISAYAS)
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CATBALOGAN CITY
SILANGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SILANGA CATBALOGAN CITY SAMAR

Title: Radio-Based Instruction in Oral Communication in Context

Topic: Strategies to Avoid Communication Breakdown (Module 3)
Format: Radio-Based Instruction
Length: 35 minutes
Scriptwriter: Ruben R. De Asis
Radio Teacher: Ruben R. De Asis
Objectives:
 Explain why there is communication breakdown
 Identify the barriers to communication that cause communication breakdown.

Time RBI Lesson

Allotmen Script Section INSTRUCTIONS AND DIALOGUES
t

1 minute Program BIZ: INSERT SOA PROGRAM ID

Opening/
Intro/ Program BIZ: MSC UP FOR 5 SECS AND FADE UNDER
ID
RADIO TEACHER: Good day my dear students in Grade 11.

This is your Radio-Based Instruction in Oral

Communication in Context. We are glad to have you

listening with us today. I am teacher Ruben from

Silanga National High School and I’ll be your radio

teacher for today.

BIZ: MSC UP FOR 3 SECS AND UNDER

RADIO TEACHER: Please make sure you are seated

comfortably in a place conducive for learning and where

you can listen well to our broadcast. Let me ask, have

you taken your meals or snacks already? (PAUSE) It

would be better if you have filled your stomach first, so

 that you’ll have the energy to endure tuning in to the

radio and understand our lesson well for this entire

learning episode.

1 minute PRESENTATION BIZ: MSC UP FOR 3 SECS AND UNDER

RADIO TEACHER: At this moment, I want you to get your

learning materials ready for our lecture especially your

module in Oral Communication in Context because it

will serve as your guide as we go through our lesson.

BIZ: MSC UP FOR 3 SECS AND UNDER

RADIO TEACHER: Our topic for today is all about the

Strategies to Avoid Communication Breakdown! (PAUSE)

for this lesson, you are expected to attain the following

objectives:

(1) Explain why there is communication breakdown;

and

(2) Identify the barriers to communication that cause

communication breakdown.

3 minutes REVIEW BIZ: MSC UP FOR 3 SECS AND UNDER

RADIO TEACHER: Before we proceed with our topic for

today,

let us first review our previous lesson.

BIZ: MSC UP FOR 5 SECS AND FADE UNDER

RADIO TEACHER: What did we talk about last session? Very

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Good! That was all about the different Models of

Communication.

So, what’s the importance of knowing these

communication models? Let’s see if you can recall.

(PAUSE) Very good! Communication models describe

the process of communication, they visually show the

relationship among variables and help find and correct

communication problems.

Can you enumerate the different models of

communication? What are those? (PAUSE)

Okay, they are: Linear Model, Transactional

Model and Interactive Model.

How does each of the communication model

differ? Can you differentiate the three models of

communication we have just enumerated? (PAUSE)

Okay. Yes! Linear model is a one-way communication

where the speaker sends messages to the receiver. This

is applicable to mass communication. In the

Transactional model, on the other hand, the sender and

receiver take turns in conveying and receiving

messages. The sender and receiver are called

“communicators”. While the third, the Interactive

Model, emphasizes the coding and decoding elements

of the process. It also focuses on the message

exchanges between the sender and receiver and vice

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 versa.

BIZ: MSC OUT

2 minutes INFOMERCIAL BIZ: INSERT PLUG (CUE IN: XXXXXX THEN CUE OUT:

XXXXXX)

BIZ: MSC UP FOR 5 SECS AND FADE UNDER

RADIO TEACHER: And now, we are up for our new lesson.

Are you ready? (PAUSE) Meanwhile, if you need to

take a short break to go to your comfort rooms you can

do it now for we will be starting in a short while.

BIZ: PLAY AUDIO

Audio Title: Let's heal as one

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6ljWiaDdUo)

3 minutes MOTIVATION BIZ: MSC UP FOR 5 SECS AND UNDER

RADIO TEACHER: As I said, our topic for this episode is all

about Strategies to Avoid Communication Breakdown.

Please get your learning materials specifically your

learning modules, notebooks and papers as well as

your ball pens. We will start now.

BIZ: MSC UP FOR 5 SECS AND FADE UNDER

RADIO TEACHER: Now, Imagine this scenario. You are

seated in your sofa. You are holding your cell phone

while listening to music with your headphones on.

Your mother suddenly approached you and talked to

you asking about what you did today in your online

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 class. But, instead of removing your headphones or

turning your music off, you just keep it on.

Now, let me ask you these questions:

Who are the sender and the receiver in the given

scenario? Do you think you’ll be able to understand

and answer your mother with her questions? What

factors are present in the

scenario that hinders the smooth flow of

communication between you and your mother?

What will happen to your conversation? Will

there be successful communication between you and

your mother?

15 LESSON PROPER RADIO TEACHER: No. Of course, there will be none. Because
minutes
there will be a communication breakdown. What is

communication breakdown?

An author of an online article in the name of

Emily Rodgers, defines Communication breakdown

as “a failure to exchange information, resulting in a

lack of communication.”

Rodgers also provided examples of instances

which may lead to communication breakdown. These

instances may happen in the workplace or in any

given communication scenario.

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 One example is when, (1) A staff member making

a mistake due to miscommunication or not enough

information given in training. In the classroom

context, you as a learner, may make mistake in doing

your task because of miscommunication or lack of

information.

Another instance, (2) Two members of staff doing

the same task and not realizing it. In the classroom

context, it could be two members in the group make a

duplication of activity and leave out one task undone

instead.

3. A colleague not treating a client correctly. A

classroom officer showing unfair treatment to one

classmate for his/her attitude/appearance for

instance, may cause misunderstanding among

students.

4. Certain vital tasks not being completed either

on time or to the highest standard because no one in

the team is giving updates to each other. This

happens most of the time in the classroom when

members in a group do not try to communicate,

express themselves, or reach out to one another.

5. An overworked manager sending an email

missing vital information to their team because

they’ve got a client on their case about completing

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 work. A group leader or SSG president, for example,

may fail to disseminate important announcement to

the class because he/she is pressured to finish

another task.

6. A junior spreading Chinese whispers about the

current state of a project’s completion because they

misheard what their manager was saying. In a

classroom scenario, student A tells student B that

Student C may not be able to graduate but student A

is not so sure about it because he/she only overheard

a conversation of her teachers. The act of spreading

the “talk” is called gossiping. Passing on wrong

information may result to communication

breakdown.

According to Rodgers, communication has a

great impact to a team. So if you expect to have a

successful class, a team, a group work - it requires

communication that is “well-oiled machine to

individual parts that simply cannot function without

each other” between you and the one you are

communicating with or among members of the

group.

+++++++++++++++++

RADIO TEACHER: Emily Rodgers (2017) also presented the

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 following key communication barriers that cause

communication breakdowns.

1. Lost in translation

Lost in translation occurs across emails when the

receiver perceives the message differently because of

lack of tone. It could also be a misinterpretation of a

message because of the presence of words that have

double meanings.

Lost in translation is not necessarily referring to a

language barrier but to how the receiver interprets

the words, phrases or sentences received.

Now, if you are going to look into your module,

on page 7, there is an image wherein a can be seen

reading an email but ended up confused. Confusion

comes in when a person does not understand what he

is reading.

He needs clarification at his end by either asking

the source what was meant in the message or by

asking someone who has background information of

what was sent. Otherwise, communication

breakdown will take place if this is not resolved.

2. The attention span of a gnat (NAT)

This refers to human attention span which

accordingly, can only listen for 8 seconds meaning we

have less time to remain engaged to what we have

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 just listened to before switching off or start thinking

of other things, thus missing important information.

This lack of attention means that information

constantly has to be repeated, which may be

frustrating for the speaker, not to forget how tiring it

is to be repetitive.

In the same page in your module,iIn the sample

image and which is usually the scenario in the

classroom, the teacher would repeat, if not recap, the

most important details of the lesson. Repetition

catches attention and ensures retention.

3. Too much information

If there is no efficient communication flow plus

the problem of sharing information to wrong people,

overload of information can result to chaos.

True, there is a plethora of information around

the world. We can only do so much by giving it to the

right people at the right time and at the right amount

because too much of anything can be dangerous, so to

speak.

Knowing a lot of things is good but when too

much information is given and received and yet this

information is sent and received wrongly, it could

lead to tremendous problem.

Effective communication needs wisdom as to

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 what, how much or how little, when and to whom

information is to be given.

4. Under pressure

High-stress jobs or tasks mean there’s often no

time to communicate properly. If you’re on a tight

deadline or you’re behind on your target, you’re not

going to waste precious minutes formulating the

perfect email, and doing such practice will result to

greater consequences.

On the same note, if you show yourself too busy

and too preoccupied with something, your classmate

or friend who is supposed to share with you an

information may opt to back off in communicating

with you for fear of interrupting you or for fear that

they may be either rejected or scolded.

If the stress in your jobs get in your way and you

allow it to block communication between you and

your classmates or group mates, you are inviting in

communication breakdown.

Amidst your stressful tasks, you need to handle

yourself properly, manage your stresses, and

carefully plan the tasks to do without jeopardizing

the quality of your work or assignments. Moreover,

never sacrifice your relationships with people just

because you are too preoccupied. Take time to relax

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 before doing anything else.

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

1. Language Barriers

Language and linguistic differences may become

barriers to communication. But it is not also a

guarantee that when two people speak the same

language, they understand each other because if the

receiver still does not understand the words used in

the message received, the words used may act as a

barrier.

This goes to mean that even if people speak in

the same language, but in different jargon, still, there

is a language barrier.

Jargon is a set of specialized vocabulary in a

certain field. Engineers have their own jargon that

only people in their profession understand. Doctors

of Medicine have their own jargon that patients may

not understand. To avoid communication breakdown,

engineers, doctors, scientists have to use layman’s

vocabulary of simple words.

The sample image in your module on page 9 is a

conversation between an engineer and a doctor.

Misunderstanding is possible if they will both

use their respective jargon.

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2. Psychological Barriers

The psychological condition of the receiver affects

his/her message reception of the message. For

example, someone who is stressed or anxious will not

be as receptive to the message as compared to the one

who is not stressed.

When we are at the peak of our anger, it is easy

for us to say things that we may later regret and we

may also misinterpret what other people are saying.

This anger becomes a psychological barrier. Thus,

there is a need for us to manage our stresses and our

emotions at all costs should we want to avoid

communication barrier.

The image in found in your module on page 9

shows an example of psychological barrier when

Mario who is thinking on how to tell his mother

about failing grades could not concentrate to what

Lani was saying. Here, he missed relevant

information from Lani.

3. Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers may emanate from the

receiver's physical condition. For example, a receiver

with a defective hearing may not be able to grasp the

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 entirety of the spoken words, especially with noisy

surroundings.

In this image, Moira’s stomach ache hinders her

from listening to her teacher’s discussion.

4. Physical Barrier

Physical barriers refer to the geographic location

between the communicators. It is basically referring

to the distance or proximity between the sender and

receiver.

As said, communication is easy when

communicators are within short distances where

there can be many options to use for communication.

Now that technology is widely used for

communication, it is equally important to know the

best and the most appropriate channel to use in

overcoming communication barriers.

Observe the communicators in the second image

on page 10 in your modules. Leo is shouting so Mike

could hear.

Their distance is keeping them from hearing each

other properly.

5. Attitudinal Barriers

Prejudices and other related biases are examples

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 of attitudinal barriers. These are behaviors or

perceptions of any of the communicators that hinder

them from interacting effectively.

Attitudinal barriers to communication may arise

from personality conflicts, poor management, and

reluctance to change, or no motivation. Effective

listeners of messages should attempt to hurdle their

own attitudinal barriers to effect effective

communication. Open-mindedness and willingness to

learn new things are vital in overcoming barriers.

The sample image found in the same page is

showing a listener’s prejudiced attitude towards the

speaker. This kind of attitude is a barrier to

communication.

6. Using generalizations and stereotypes

Speakers who make unqualified generalizations

undermine their own clarity and credibility. Be

cautious not to get holed in the habit of using

stereotypes, or making generalizations about complex

systems or situations.

Another form of generalization is "polarization"

or creating extremes. Try to be sensitive to the

complexities of situations, rather than viewing the

world in black and white.

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 The sample image shows how generalization

causes misunderstanding and if not corrected may

lead to communication breakdown.

7. Jumping to an immediate conclusion

Confusing details with inferences is a common factor.

Do not pretend you know the reasons behind events,

or that certain facts necessarily have certain

meanings.

Make sure you have all the information you can

have, and then talk clearly about the facts or

interpretations you attach to those.

In the sample image, the boy hastily made a

conclusion about why the girl was sweating profusely

which irked the girl. Making conclusions without

proofs will create problems in communication.

8. Dysfunctional feedbacks

Ignoring or not responding to a suggestion or

query quickly undermines effective communication.

Interrupting others while they are talking also creates

a poor atmosphere for communication.

In the sample image, a very common classroom

scenario, what seems like an ordinary communication

situation often leads to communication breakdown.

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 Even when a simple query is not addressed, or is

being blocked by something or someone else, or when

the sender himself is not sensitive to the reactions,

comments, suggestions or questions of his

audience/receiver, chances for communication

breakdown are tremendous.

9. Lacking the confidence

Lacking confidence can be a big barrier to

effective communication. Being shy, difficulty being

assertive or low self-worth can block your ability to

express your needs and opinions known.

Also, a lack of knowledge of your own rights and

opportunities in a given situation can prevent you

from telling your needs openly.

In most cases, bullying and shaming by peers

cause extreme shyness among individuals which

eventually leads to one’s inability to express thus, fail

to communicate. Students, be assertive, know your

rights, and develop your self-esteem!

2 minutes SUMMARY OF BIZ: MSC UP FOR 5 SECS AND UNDER

THE DAY’S
LECTURE RADIO TEACHER: Okay. So, let’s sum up! Today you learned

that Communication breakdown, as defined by Emily

Rodgers “is a failure to exchange information,

-more-
 resulting in a lack of communication.”

You also learned about Rogers’s advice that, a

successful class requires communication that is “well-

oiled machine to individual parts that simply cannot

function without each other” between you and the

one you are communicating with or among members

of a group.

Additionally, we also mentioned the key

communication barriers that cause communication

breakdowns: they are lost in translation; the attention

span of a gnat (teacher repeating instruction, student

listening attentively; too much information; and

under pressure on high-stress jobs.

Moreover, we also identified the following as

communication barriers: language, psychological,

physiological, physical, attitudinal, using

generalizations and stereotypes, jumping to an

immediate conclusion, dysfunctional feedbacks, and

lacking the confidence.

5 minutes ASSESSMENT BIZ: MSC UP FOR 5 SECS AND UNDER

(QUIZ)
RADIO TEACHER: I hope you understood our lesson well.

Are

you ready for a short quiz?

Now, get your paper and ball pens and get ready

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 for the quiz.

I have prepared five questions for this quiz. I am

going to read each question as well as the options and

you are going to choose the letter of the correct

answer and write it in your paper. Please put down

your notes and listen attentively. Are you ready?

Okay, Here we go.

1. It is a set of specialized vocabulary used by specific

people in a certain field.

a) Layman’s Term c) language barrier

b) Jargon d) words

2. It is referring to the simple words or vocabulary used

to

make the message easy to understand.

a) Words c) layman’s term

b) Language barrier d) Jargon

3. Even if people speak in the same language, but in

different jargon, still, there is this barrier called:

a) Physiological c) linguistic

b) Attitudinal d) physical

4. When two people communicate but can barely hear

and understand each other because of their distance,

this barrier is called:

a) Physiological c) linguistic

b) Attitudinal d) physical

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 5. Low self-esteem can block one’s ability to express his /

her needs and opinions. This barrier to

communication is called:

a) Dysfunctional feedback c) using stereotypes

b) Jumping into conclusion d) lack the confidence

3 minutes Announcements RADIO TEACHER: I hope you got all the correct answers. If
Reminders
Program Closing you still have questions regarding our lesson today
Extro
you may reach your adviser or the subject teacher

who gave you your module in this subject. Further,

you can answer Activity 2: Survey, to determine your

capability to be the source of communication

breakdown. You can also read about our next topic

which are the Effects of Communication Breakdown,

the ways to avoid Communication Breakdown and

the 7 Cs of Effective Communication.

That’s all for this episode. Please stay tuned for

your next lessons for today.

See you again in our next episode for a new

learning opportunity.

Once again, this has been your radio teacher for

today, Sir Ruben, saying…

We heal as one, we learn as one through

bayanihands.

BIZ: MSC UP THEN OUT

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-End-

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