CHAPTER 5

BRAKING OF AC MOTOR
 BRAKING OF INDUCTION MOTOR
• The basic types of braking discussed in
Chapter 4 for dc motors are also
applicable to induction motors.
• The principles are the same for
regenerative, dynamic, or countercurrent
braking, but the implementation is
different due to the difference in
topology and the principles of rotation.
• Although more involved, the braking of
the induction motor is less stressful than
that of dc motors in terms of transients.
 REGENERATIVE BRAKING OF INDUCTION
MOTOR
• Regenerative braking occurs when
the motor speed exceeds the
synchronous speed.
• This may happen when the load
torque drives the electric motor
beyond its synchronous speed.
• In this case, the load is the source
of energy and the induction
machine is converting the
mechanical power into electrical
power, which is delivered back to
the electrical system.
 REGENERATIVE BRAKING OF INDUCTION MOTOR
• Since the torque of the machine is
negative during regenerative
braking, but the direction of
rotation of the machine is the same
as that in the first quadrant, the
flow of power is reversed.
• The mechanical power is the
source of energy and is converted
to electrical power by the machine.
• This electrical power is delivered to
the electrical system, and the
machine is acting as generator.
 DYNAMIC BRAKING
• Dynamic braking of electric motors occurs
when the energy stored in the rotating
mass is dissipated in an electrical
resistance.
• This requires the motor to operate as a
generator to convert this mechanical
energy into electrical.
• For DC machines, dynamic braking
requires a stationary magnetic field in the
airgap, which does not exist in induction
motors.
• However, we can create a temporary
stationary field for the induction machine
by applying a DC voltage to the stator
terminals.
• When the rotor windings pass through
this stationary field, voltages and
currents are induced in the rotor
windings. The rotor current produces
losses in the rotor resistance.
• Since the rotor is spinning solely
because of its stored kinetic energy, the
rotor losses reduce the overall kinetic
energy of the motor, thus assisting the
motor to stop.
 DYNAMIC BRAKING OF INDUCTION MOTOR
• The stationary field for dynamic • The current in the stator winding is
braking can be created using the
circuit in besides figure. DC and will produce a stationary field
• Instead of switching the transistor in the airgap.
sequentially, here we close only three
transistors for the duration of the
dynamic braking.
• Note that no two transistors on the
same leg can be closed.
• Now, let us assume that S1, S5 and S6
are closed.
• As seen in Figure, the terminals of
phases a and c are positive potentials
and that for phase b is negative.
 DYNAMIC BRAKING OF INDUCTION MOTOR
• Keep in mind that the resistance of
the stator windings is usually very
small and the inductive reactance
has no impact on DC currents.
• Therefore, the current in the stator
windings could be excessive unless
the terminal voltage during braking
is small enough.
• To reduce the voltage across the
stator windings, PWM or FWM
techniques can be used.
DYNAMIC BRAKING OF INDUCTION MOTOR
• To calculate the maximum braking
voltage, let us examine the stator circuit
• Assume that the stator windings have
only resistive elements.
• The total DC current in this circuit can be
calculated by
• Where Vb is the reduced voltage applied
to the stator windings during dynamic
Braking.
• R1 is the resistance of single-phase
windings. Ib is the upper limit of the
stator current during braking.
• Depending on the size of the motor and
the braking time, Ib could be selected as
high as three times the rated current.
• Remember that the shorter the braking
time is, the higher is the braking current.
• A larger braking current results in a
stronger stationary field in the airgap,
which induces larger current and higher
losses in the rotor circuit. Which induces
larger current and higher losses in the
rotor circuit.
 DC INJECTION BRAKING
• DC injection is a method of slowing down • The higher the voltage that is applied,
an induction motor. A DC voltage is the stronger the braking force and
injected into the winding of the AC motor holding power
after the AC voltage is disconnected at
switch K1, providing braking force to the
motor.
• A DC voltage is applied to the motor
windings, creating a stationary magnetic
field which applies a static torque to the
rotor
• This slows and eventually halts the rotor
completely.
• As long as the DC voltage is applied to the
windings, the rotor will be held in
position and resistant to any attempt to
spin it.
THANK YOU