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Tolerances
G D & T Symbols
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Understanding Tolerance Zones
Traditional plus/minus type of tolerancing describes a
square zone for acceptable locations.
GD&T describes a zone around the theoretically exact
location for the feature.
Basic Dimension
A theoretically exact
dimension used to
locate features in
GD&T
Basic dimensions
are untoleranced.
Datums
Datums are features
on the object that are
used as reference
surfaces from which
other measurements
are made.
Not every GD&T
feature requires a
datum.
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Cylindrical Tolerance Zone
Circular Runout
Circular Runout
Controls single circular elements of a
surface
Controls circularity and coaxiality (two
or more features share a common axis)
Used to control wobbling motion
Measured by full indicator movement
(FIM) of a dial indicator
3
Total Runout
10
Total Runout
Provides combined control of a surface
element
Controls circularity, straightness, coaxiality,
angularity, taper, and profile or cylindrical
objects
May be used to control wobble and flatness
along with concavity or convexity of surfaces
perpendicular to a datum
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4
Maximum Material Condition
13
Angular Tolerances
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5
Concentricity
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Summary
There are several methods you can use to
specify tolerances in a drawing.
Limit tolerances give the upper and lower
range for a dimension
Plus/minus tolerances give the nominal or
basic size and a plus and/or minus range for
the tolerance.
GD&T uses symbols to describe tolerance
zones based on geometric features.
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