INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON
NOON SUGAR MILLS LIMITED (BHALWAL)

SUBMITTED BY
SHAKIR ALI
Reg. No: BETF16E035
SUBMITTED TO
ENGR. MUHAMMAD IMRAN HASHMI

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

SARGODHA, PAKISTAN
2016-2020

i
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON
NOON SUGAR MILLS LIMITED (BHALWAL)

SUBMITTED BY
SHAKIR ALI
Reg. No: BETF16E035
SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

SARGODHA, PAKISTAN
2016-2020

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical
Technology

APPROVED BY

ACADEMIC ADVISOR
ENGR. MUHAMMAD IMRAN HASHMI

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Dr. WASEEM KHALEL

ii
Internship Report (NSML) Approval Letter

APPROVAL LETTER

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha iii

Internship Report (NSML) Acknowledgement

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

“In the name of Almighty Allah, The Most Beneficent and The Most Merciful”
“My gratitude is for the well-esteemed organization NOON INDUSTRIES for giving me an
opportunity to enhance my practical knowledge in the field of ELECTRICAL. This internship
report could not have been completed without the help of capable and concerned individuals. First
and foremost, I would like to thank Engr. Khalid and Engr. Shakeel, of Electrical Department of
NSML under the kind Supervision of whom I have completed this report.
Special thanks to Mr. Ghulam Muhammad and Tech. Arshad for helping us in every sort of
quarries during the period of our internship.I would also like to thank the Engineers, Supervisors
and In-charges of Boiler House, Power House, Mill House and Process House who very
generously let me enhance my knowledge and also made me familiar with the professional attitude,
manner and skills as well.
I would also like to thank our academic Supervisor Lecture. Muhammad Imran Hashmi for his
guidance during my internship.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha iv

Internship Report (NSML) Declaration

DECLARATION

I, the under-mentioned, solemnly declare that this internship report on “NOON SUGAR MILL
(PVT.) LTD, BHALWAL” is my original work.
I further certify that;
 The report has not been submitted to any other Institution for any degree/certification in
this university or any other university in Pakistan or abroad.
 I have followed the guidelines provided by the university in writing the report.
 Whenever I have used material (data, theoretical analysis, and text) from other source, I
have given due credit to them in the reference.

Name: Shakir Ali

Reg. NO: BETF16E035

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha v

Internship Report (NSML) Exective Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Noon Sugar Mills is located in the Bhalwal city which is the district of Sargodha.
Noon Sugar Mills (PVT) Ltd. is one of the pioneers of the sugar industry in Punjab. Main product
of company is white refined sugar. The working capacity of Noon Sugar Mills is 5500 ~ 6000 tons
crushing of cane per day. It has maximum capacity of 8500 tons crushing of cane per day. The
organization believes in strict adherence to commitment, discipline and fair business principles.
The operation activities of the mill revolve on its departments. There are different types of
employees which are hired at need basis, some employees are permanent who work for whole year
and some are temporary (seasonal employees).
Noon sugar mill is giving different incentives or benefits to employees to improve the production.
The management is quite successful in providing a congenital and co-operative atmosphere to its
employees. The organization provides all the basic facilities to the employees. From the processing
point of view the operation can be summarize in the following way: Sugar cane is purchased from
farmers and is supplied to the mill where it is weighed conveyed, catted, and shredded. The juice
is then extracted from the shredded cane by milling operation and the waste bagasse is used in the
boilers as a fuel for the production of steam, in order to meet industrial requirements. Additional
bagasse is sailed to the paper and board making industries. The steam produced is used to drive
milling operation by turbines as well as it is supplied to power house to generate electricity. This
sugar mill generates so much electricity.
The extracted juice is then heated and clarified by different equipment’s to form concentrated
solution. The syrup is then decolorized by chemical treatment in order to produce refined sugar by
different operations. Other by products are also of importance because they are utilized as the feed
stock for other process. Mud, which is the by product; is utilized to fertilizer field. While molasses
are supplied to ethyl alcohol production plant. The final production of refined sugar is 3500 bags
per shift. Where shift is of 8 hours. And each bag is of 50kg. So final production is of 525 tons/day.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha vi

Internship Report (NSML) Training Schedule

TRAINING SCHEDULE

The following table contains my training schedule in Noon Sugar Mill Limited. My internship
started on 23 February, 2020 and ended on 31 May, 2020.
Date Division Time Instructor
23-02-20 Eng. Nadeem(Operation)
Introduction to safety Dept 8am to 5pm
24-02-20 Supervisor Nazeer
Sugar Process
to 8am to 5pm
28-02-20
Engr. Khalid
01-03-20
Power Generation 8am to 5pm
to
05-03-20
06-03-20 Electrical Electrician
to Complaints 8am to 5pm Arshad
12-03-20
16-03-20 Engr. Shakeel
Boilers
to 8am to 5pm
29-02-20
30-03-20 Engr. Ghulam Muhammad

to Panel Over handling 8am to 5pm

06-04-20

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha vii

Internship Report (NSML) List of Abbrevation

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS

CT = Current Transformer
PT = Potential Transformer
MW = Mega Watt
PT = Potential Transformer
LPT = Low pressure turbine
IPT = Intermediate pressure turbine
HPT = High pressure turbine
ONAN = Oil Natural Air Natural, without pumps and fans
NSML = Noon Sugar Mill Limited
ONAF = Oil Natural Air Forced, without pumps for oil, with fans for air
FDF = Forced draught Fan
SF = Secondary Fan
SV = Safety Valve
MC = Magnetic Contactor
VFD = Variable Frequency driver
ACB = Air Circuit Breaker
TG = Turbo Generator

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha viii

Internship Report (NSML) Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTERNSHIP REPORT ................................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL LETTER ................................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................................................. iv
DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................... v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... vi
TRAINING SCHEDULE............................................................................................................ vii
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS ..................................................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................................................ xi
LIST OF TABLE ....................................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER -1: INTODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1
1.1 Products of NSML (Bhalwal) ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Distinctive attributes of NSML......................................................................................... 1
1.3 Flow Diagram of NSML (Bhalwal) .................................................................................. 2
1.4 Steps involved in sugar manufacturing ............................................................................. 2
1.5 Cane Weighing.................................................................................................................. 3
1.6 Cane Unloaders ................................................................................................................. 3
1.7 Car Tripper ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.8 Dumping Carrier ............................................................................................................... 4
1.9 Cane levelers of dumping carrier ...................................................................................... 5
1.10 Cane Carrier .................................................................................................................... 5
1.11 Cane pusher or Leveler ................................................................................................... 5
1.12 Cutters ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.13 Cane Carrier No 2 ........................................................................................................... 6
1.14 Cane Cutter No.2 ............................................................................................................ 6
1.15 Cane Carrier No.3 ........................................................................................................... 6
1.16 Cane Shredder ................................................................................................................. 6
1.17 Magnet Tramp Iron Separator ......................................................................................... 6
1.18 Fletcher Mills .................................................................................................................. 6
1.19 Mill House Output .......................................................................................................... 7
1.20 Imbibition ........................................................................................................................ 7
1.21 Compositions .................................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER -2: BOILER HOUSE ............................................................................................... 9
2.1 Types of Boilers ................................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Boilers Fans .................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Super Heater.................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Air Pre Heater ................................................................................................................. 11
2.5 Economizer ..................................................................................................................... 11
2.6 Key Factors for Boiler Efficiency Calculation ............................................................... 11

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha ix

Internship Report (NSML) Table of Contents

2.7 Boiler Water Treatment Plant ......................................................................................... 12

2.8 Why we need Water Treatment⁇ ................................................................................... 12
2.9 Reverse Osmosis Plant .................................................................................................... 12
2.10 Demineralization Plant.................................................................................................. 13
2.11 DE Aerator .................................................................................................................... 13
2.12 Cooling Tower .............................................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER -3: POWER HOUSE.............................................................................................. 14
3.1 Back Pressure Turbine .................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Condensate Turbine ........................................................................................................ 15
3.3 Turbine Generator Sets ................................................................................................... 15
3.4 Specification table of Steam Turbines and Generator .................................................... 15
3.5 Generator Parts & Function ............................................................................................ 16
3.6 Excitation System ........................................................................................................... 17
3.7 Why we need Exciters .................................................................................................... 17
3.8 Generator Working Principle .......................................................................................... 17
3.9 Houses Transformer (1500-2500KVA) .......................................................................... 18
3.10 Generator Synchronization ........................................................................................... 19
3.11 Diesel Engine ................................................................................................................ 19
CHAPTER -4: STARTING METHODE OF MOTOR ............................................................ 20
4.1 Connection ...................................................................................................................... 20
4.3 Motor Start Method......................................................................................................... 23
4.4 Basics introduction of VFD ............................................................................................ 26
CHAPTER -5: TRANINIG SCHEDULE ................................................................................. 30
5.1 Training Schedule in (Power House) .............................................................................. 30
CHAPTER -6: CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................. 33
6.1 My Achievements ........................................................................................................... 33
6.2 Problem Faced ................................................................................................................ 33
6.3 Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 33
6.4 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 33
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 35

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha x

Internship Report (NSML) List of Figure

LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1.1 - Flow Diagram of NSML (Bhalwal) ............................................................................ 2
Figure 1.2 - Sugar Making Process NSML (Bhalwal) .................................................................... 3
Figure 1.3 - Cane Dumping ............................................................................................................ 4
Figure 1.4 - Cane Carrier ................................................................................................................ 5
Figure 1.5 - Cane Carrier ................................................................................................................ 5
Figure 1.6 - Mill House ................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 1.7 - Mill House Process ..................................................................................................... 8
Figure 1.8 - Mill Roller ................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2.1 - Water Tube Boiler ....................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2.2 - Fire Tube Boiler ........................................................................................................ 10
Figure 2.3 - Part of Boiler ............................................................................................................. 11
Figure 3.1 - Power House with Turbo Generator ......................................................................... 14
Figure 3.2 - DC Exciters ............................................................................................................... 17
Figure 3.3 - Brushless Exciter ....................................................................................................... 17
Figure 3.4 - Transformers Room .................................................................................................. 18
Figure 3.5 - Parallel operation of synchronization (With Dark lamp) .......................................... 19
Figure 3.6 - Diesel Engin .............................................................................................................. 19
Figure 4.1 - Connection of three phase motor (Delta) .................................................................. 20
Figure 4.2 - Connection of three phase motor (Star)4.2 Observe Internal Mechanism ................ 20
Figure 4.3 - 3 Pole MC with Over Current Relay ......................................................................... 21
Figure 4.4 - Over Current Relay ................................................................................................... 22
Figure 4.5 - Type of Circuit Breaker ............................................................................................ 22
Figure 4.6 - Solid State Relay ....................................................................................................... 23
Figure 4.7 - DOL Starter circuit .................................................................................................... 24
Figure 4.8 - Star and Delta Connection ........................................................................................ 25
Figure 4.9 - Forward & Reverse control circuit ............................................................................ 26
Figure 4.10 - Forward & Reverse Power circuit ........................................................................... 26
Figure 4.11 - Filters and Rectifier ................................................................................................. 27
Figure 4.12 - Inverter Section ....................................................................................................... 27
Figure 4.13 - VFD installed in NSML (ABB Brand) ................................................................... 28
Figure 4.14 - VFD working .......................................................................................................... 28

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha xi

Internship Report (NSML) List of Figure

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha xii

Internship Report (NSML) List of Table

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1-1 - Specification of Mills Roller ........................................................................................ 8

Table 2-1 - Specification & Capacity of Boilers of NSML (Bhalwal) ......................................... 10
Table 3-1 - Rating of Steam Turbine (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (japan) 16.5mw) ........... 15
Table 3-2 - Rating of Synchronous Generator (Guangzhou Guangdong enterprise 16.5 Mw) .... 15
Table 3-3 - Rating of Steam Turbine jieneng (Qingdao) 15Mw ................................................ 16
Table 3-4 - Rating of Synchronous Generator (15mw turbine dongfeng electric consortium) .... 16
Table 3-5 - Rating of Transformer of different houses ................................................................. 18

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha xiii

Internship Report (NSML) Introduction

CHAPTER -1: INTODUCTION

The Company was incorporated in 1964 as a public company listed on all the Stock Exchanges of
Pakistan for setting up of a plant for manufacture of white sugar, in the province of Punjab. The
plant went into production in 1966 with a daily crushing capacity of 1,500 MT of sugar cane,
which has since been raised to 4,000 MT per day in 2002. Further extension to 9,000 TCD has
become operative in 2006-2007 crushing season, Al-Hamdulillah.
An Alcohol Distillery Division of French origin was added during 1986 with a production capacity
of 50,000 liters/day in 2002. Another facility with an option to provide either 30,000 LPD
Industrial of fuel Grade Ethanol was added in 2002. A new Fuel Ethanol plant of 100,000 LPD,
based on Molecular Sieve technology has been added in 2005.

The Distillery Division is ISO 9001 certified since 1998. Which upgraded to ISO-9001-2015.

An Effluent Treatment Plant employing the Canadian technology of ABV Bio-Gas reactors has
been installed since 1997, to use its bio-degradable waste water as a renewable source of energy
to replace 70% of fuel oil / natural gas, for generation of process steam. This has also enabled the
Company to fulfill its obligation towards reducing the environmental pollution.

Company's registration no. 0001858

Company's NTN no. 0225988-5
Symbol of Company NSML
Status of company Medium Size Company (MSC)
1.1 Products of NSML (Bhalwal)
 Sugar
 Ethanol
 Textiles
 Fauji Foods
1.2 Distinctive attributes of NSML
Noon is a well renowned organization. The company is the market leader in several areas of
business including refined sugar, textile, and ethanol, alcohol and fauji food. Noon is one industries
in Pakistan which was accredited by PNAC by their ISO (Austria) standard 170.
 NOON is also certified QMS 90001.
 NOON is also FSSC certified 2013.
 NOON is also Halal certified.
 NOON is also certified by EMS 14000
 NOON is also SSG setified

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 1

Internship Report (NSML) Introduction

1.3 Flow Diagram of NSML (Bhalwal)

Figure 0.1- Flow Diagram of NSML (Bhalwal)

1.4 Steps involved in sugar manufacturing

 Cane Preparation
 Milling/Juice Extraction
 Juice Purification
 Evaporation
 Raw Sugar Crystallization
 Liquor Clarification
 Refinery Sugar Crystallization, Drying and Packing

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 2

Internship Report (NSML) Introduction

Figure 0.2 - Sugar Making Process NSML (Bhalwal)

1.5 Cane Weighing

Cane is bought from cane yard to sugar factories on the Trucks and Trawlers. Cane
weighing is take place with the help of four Weigh Bridges. These Weigh Bridges are Avery
England Design. Tow Weigh Bridges are for Gross Weigh and one Weigh Bridges for Tare
Weight & one Weigh Bridge is for sugar and ethanol weigh Bridge. Capacity of Weigh Bridge is
100 Tons, 80 Ton, 120 Ton and 120 Ton.

1.6 Cane Unloaders

There two types of Unloaders
 Mechanical type cane Unloaders
 Hydraulic type cane Unloaders
In NSML we use Hydraulic type cane unloaders. The function of cane unloaders is pick
the cane from the tractor and put in to the carrier. Cane unloading is done with the help of Electric
Hoists. Three electric hoists are attached to Mill. The function of these electric hoists is to lift the
cane loaded Truck and throws it to Dumping Carrier. It can lift 60 to at a time.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 3

Internship Report (NSML) Introduction

Lifting Speed 15-20 ft/min

Lifting Height 25 m
1.7 Car Tripper
The platform length of car tripper is 9 Meters & platform width of car tripper is 3 Meters.
The tilting angle of car tripper is 45 degree.
1.8 Dumping Carrier
There are three dumping carrier in mill. In which sliding plates are attached those carry
the cane to the cane to the cane carrier No1. Idler pulleys are used to support the chain on which
sliding plates move. These ideral pulleys are coated with some material so that to stop wear and
friction. V Belt drive used to transmit power from motor driven shaft to gear system and from
with the chain sprocket mechanism it drives the dumping.
Dumping Carrier Length 1840mm
Dumping Carrier Width 5mtrs
Dumping Carrier Angle 18deg
Dumping Carrier no of slates 780

When high torque load is to be transmitted we use chain sprocket mechanism. By the
formula of power as torque is very high and speed is low then slippage takes place. So belt could
not be used there and chain sprocket mechanism is the better choice.

Figure 0.3 - Cane Dumping

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 4

Internship Report (NSML) Introduction

Figure 0.4 - Cane Carrier

1.9 Cane levelers of dumping carrier

On each dumping carrier cane levelers are mounted, which are driven by motor.
No. of arms of levelers
1.10 Cane Carrier
After passing out the dumping cane carrier, sugarcane moves into the cane carrier No.1.
Mill has cane carrier of different lengths. Main cane carrier in mill has two cutters while main
carrier has on cane pusher on it to move the cane in an organized way. The cane carrier is slate
type.
Length of cane-carrier 205ft

Figure 0.5 - Cane Carrier

1.11 Cane pusher or Leveler

As the name implies it function is to provide evenly feed to cutters. Mill has one leveler. It
is rotated by the motor. As it rotate it levels the sugarcane passing through the leveler. Leveling
the cane not only increases the capacity of carrier but also it makes the juice extraction easy.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 5

Internship Report (NSML) Introduction

1.12 Cutters
The purpose of cutters here is to cut the cane in the small pieces so that they are easily
shredded and juice cane be extracted more efficiently. There are two cutters for mill house.
Cutter #01 No. of knives 40.

1.13 Cane Carrier No 2

After passing through cutter no. 1 the cane is carried to cutter no. 2 cane carrier no.2.
The cane carrier is slate type.
Width of cane carrier No.1 2130mm
Linear speed of cane carrier 78.27Ft/min
Angle of inclination of cane carrier 18 deg

1.14 Cane Cutter No.2

The cutter no 2 cuts the cane into smaller pieces.
Cutter # 2 No. of knives 80

1.15 Cane Carrier No.3

After passing through cutter no. 2 the cane is carried to shredder by cane carrier no 3. The
cane carrier is slate type.
Width of cane carrier No.1 2160mm
Linear speed of cane carrier 78.27Ft/min
Angle of inclination of cane carrier 18 deg
1.16 Cane Shredder
The main function of the shredder is to rapture the structure in order to open the cells of the
cane. It is driven by Backpressure impulse Turbine. The Shredder is covered by anvil plate. It is
below the shredder. It has very low spacing in mm with hammers. Shredder has stainless steel
hammers with beading. Shredder gets feed from below and takes it above that is why its anvil plate
is below. Shredder is run by a turbine of 3MW.
Hammers of shredder. 228
Swing dia of shredder

1.17 Magnet Tramp Iron Separator

Iron or other harmful metals may attach to the sugar during harvesting or transporting.
These particles must be removed otherwise they may harm the mill. The purpose of magnetic
iron separator is to separator the iron particles attached to the sugarcane.
Power 17.5kw

1.18 Fletcher Mills

This is the area where juice is extracted from the cane and is separated from the Bagasse.
Numbers of mills for Mill House are four. Rotary Mills are run by the turbine which provides

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 6

Internship Report (NSML) Introduction

sufficient Mechanical Energy to rotate mills. Cane passes through these rotary mills and juice is
extracted from the cane by rotary motion of the mills leaving Bagasse behind.

Figure 0.6 - Mill House

1.19 Mill House Output

Screened cane juice and bagasse is the output of the mill house. The manager need to
process the cane as soon as possible if sugar losses are to be avoided yet needs to have sufficient
supply in storage for times when cutting and transport are stopped, whether deliberately or not.
Typically, cane is processed within 24 hours of cutting.
Cane preparation is critical to good sugar extraction, particularly with diffusion
extraction. This is achieved with rotating knives and sometime hammer mill called (shredder).
However shredding requires extra energy and more equipment.
1.20 Imbibition
The extraction is actually conducted as a counter-current process using fresh hot water at one
end being pumped in the opposite direction to the cane. The more water that is used, the more
sugar is extracted but the more dilute the mixed juice is and hence the more energy that is required
to evaporate the juice.
1.21 Compositions
A typical mixed juice from extraction will contain perhaps 15% sugar and the residual fiber,
called bagasse, will contain 1 to 2% sugar, about 50% moisture and some of the sand and grit from
the field as "ash". A typical cane might contain 12 to 14% fiber which, at 50% moisture content
gives about 25 to 30 tons of bagasse per 100 tons of cane or 10 tons of sugar.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 7

Internship Report (NSML) Introduction

Figure 0.7 - Mill House Process

Table 0-1 - Specification of Mills Roller

Figure 0.8 - Mill Roller

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 8

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

CHAPTER -2: BOILER HOUSE

A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated.

2.1 Types of Boilers

2.1.1 Water Tube Boiler
In water tube Boiler a number of water tubes are arranged in and around the
furnace. Water circulates in the tubes and outside is the fire. This type generally gives high steam
production rates, but less storage capacity. water tube boilers are also capable of high efficiencies
and can generate saturated or superheated steam.

Figure 0.1 - Water Tube Boiler

2.1.2 Fire Tube Boiler

In fire Tube Boiler There is a fire in the tubes and water is present outside the tubes
in the big vessel or cylinderical drum. Fire-tube boilers usually have a comparatively low rate of
steam production, but high steam storage capacity.
The type of boiler in use in Noon Sugar mill is the water tube boiler. The numbers of boilers are
4. These boilers use Baggasse their fuel.
The working conditions of these Boilers are as followed:
Steam Temperature 325-350 C
Working Pressure 23-24 kg/ g.cm2

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 9

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

Figure 0.2 - Fire Tube Boiler

Table 0-1 - Specification & Capacity of Boilers of NSML (Bhalwal)

Boiler Capacity Temperature Pressure FD(Fan) SD(Fan) ID(Fan) Bagasse

Range
No (TPH) Range(C) Feeders
(Bar)

1 100 400-450 65 2 2 2 8
2 80 300-350 25 1 1 1 6
3 35 400-450 65 1 1 1 3
4 35 300-400 35 1 1 1 4

2.2 Boilers Fans

2.2.1 ID Fan (Induce Draught Fan)
Induced draught fan draw gases out of the boiler. The gas has already passed
through the air heaters and precipitators before it has reached these fans.

2.2.2 FD Fan (Forced Draught Fan)

It takes air from atmosphere and passes it through the air pre-heater tubes, which
is then blown into the furnace from its base through dumping gate. This warm air helps in
combustion and spreading bagasse. Each unit has forced draught fan. The fan draws warm air from
the top of the boiler house through large air heaters becoming the primary and secondary air used
for the boiler combustion process. The air heater warms the incoming air by transferring heat
energy from the outgoing flue gases.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 10

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

Figure 0.3 - Part of Boiler

2.2.3 SD Fan (Secondary Fan)
Secondary Fan is also admitted turbulently to complete the combustion. This fan
supplies air to the furnace from the bottom surface to ensure complete combustion. This fan is only
used when Bagasse is used as fuel otherwise it is kept off.
2.3 Super Heater
A super heater is a device in a boiler that heats the steam generated by the boiler again,
increasing its thermal energy and decreasing the likelihood that it will condense inside the header.
Super heaters increase the efficiency of the boiler, and were widely adopted. Steam which has been
superheated is logically known as super-heated steam.
2.4 Air Pre Heater
This air pre-heater is used to heat the air inducted to the boiler by the hot flue gases. Thus
raising the temperature of inlet air up to 110 C.
2.5 Economizer
Flue gases from large boilers are typically 450 - 650°F.Economizers recover some of
this heat for pre-heating water. The water is most often used for boiler make-up water or some
other need that coincides with boiler operation. Economizers should be considered as an efficiency
measure when large amounts of make-up water are used
2.6 Key Factors for Boiler Efficiency Calculation
 Flue gas temperature (Stack temperature)
 Fuel specification
 Excess air
 Ambient air temperature
 Radiation and convection losses.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 11

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

2.7 Boiler Water Treatment Plant

There are two plants for treatment of water that is fed to the boiler.

 Reverse osmosis plant

 Demineralization plant
2.8 Why we need Water Treatment⁇
Impure water may cause many problems in the boiler so it must be purred someway to
avoid problems in the boiler. The most common problems caused by the impure water are as
followed.
2.8.1 Scaling
Total hardness in the water if not properly removed will cause in scale formation. A layer
of scale on the metal surface of the boiler will acts as an insulator and reduces the rate of heat
transfer from hot zone to water. Scaling results in
“More fuel will be used to maintain boiler output at acceptable level”
2.8.2 Corrosion
The most common source of corrosion in boiler systems is dissolved gas: oxygen, carbon
dioxide and ammonia. Of these, oxygen is the most aggressive. The importance of eliminating
oxygen as a source of pitting and iron deposition cannot be over-emphasized. Even small
concentrations of this gas can cause serious corrosion problems.
2.8.3 Sludge Formation
The impurities which are floating on the surface in the form of light fluffy mass are called
sludge’s .These are insoluble impurities that float at the surface of water at high temperature.
Treatment is as follows:
The impurities of Na, Ca, Mg, react with ant scaling agent and form their sulphates and
phosphates which are easily removed. However due to sludge formation the rate of water
evaporation is decreased .The sludge formation starts at 40oc and maximum sludge is produced at
80oc, at this temperature it is automatically drained off.
2.9 Reverse Osmosis Plant
Reverse osmosis plants have at their heart a membrane that if damaged reduces output,
increases costs and gives poor water quality so it is important to keep it clean and operating
efficiently.
Most reverse osmosis membranes are formed from hollow fiber or thin film composite sheets with
the membrane allowing passage of pure water and rejecting the dissolved solids contained in the
water. As water passes along the membrane surface the solids concentration increases and some
sparingly soluble salts start to exceed their solubility and precipitate. When precipitated onto the
membrane surface this causes fouling that may reduce output and increase product water

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 12

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

conductivity. The worst of these solids being calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate and so the
prevention of their precipitation is vital if the membrane is to function efficiently.
2.10 Demineralization Plant
A Demineralization Plant consists of two pressure vessels containing cat-iron and anion
exchange resins. Various types of ion exchange resins can be used for both the cat-iron and the
anion process, depending on the type of impurities in the water and what the final water is used
for. Typically, the cat-iron resin operates in the hydrogen cycle. The cat ions in the water (i.e.
calcium, magnesium and sodium) pass through the cat-iron exchange resin where they are
chemically exchanged for hydrogen ions.
The water then passes through the anion exchange resin where the anions (i.e. chloride,
sulphate, nitrate and bicarbonate) are chemically exchanged for hydroxide ions. The final water
from this process consists essentially of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, which is the chemical
composition of pure water.
Simple demineralization plant consist of Composite resin vessels with charge of strong
cat-iron and anion resin; control-panel encompassing a conductivity measurement and alarms, etc;
acid and caustic injection facility from bulk, semi-bulk or carboy containers.
2.11 DE Aerator
Purposes of DE Aeration are:
 To remove oxygen, carbon dioxide and other non-condensable Gases from feed water.
 To heat the incoming makeup water and return condensate to an optimum temperature for
minimizing solubility of the undesirable gases.
 Providing the highest temperature water for injection to the boiler.
2.12 Cooling Tower
The cooling tower is a semi-enclosed device for evaporative cooling of water by contact
with air. The hot water coming out from the condenser is fed to the tower on the top and allowed
to tickle on from of thin sheets or drops. The air flows from bottom of the tower or perpendicular
to the direction of water flow and then exhaust to the atmosphere after effective cooling.
The cooling tower are of four types:
1. Natural Draft Cooling tower
2. Forced Draft Cooling tower
3. Induction Draft Cooling tower
4. Balanced Draft Cooling tower

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 13

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

CHAPTER -3: POWER HOUSE

Power house use s steam produced by the boiler house to generate electric power. In
power house first heat energy of steam is converted in mechanical the help of generators.
In Noon Sugar Mills two different types of turbines are used for the creation of mechanical energy.
 Back Pressure Turbine
 Condensing Turbine
3.1 Back Pressure Turbine
First three Turbines in the powerhouse are backpressure Impulse Turbines. Backpressure
means that the exhaust of these turbines is not also steam of pressure above than atmospheric
pressure. No-condensing or backpressure turbines are most widely used for process steam
applications. The exhaust pressure is controlled by a regulating valve to suit the needs of the
process steam pressure. These are commonly found at refineries, district heating units, pulp and
paper plants, and desalination facilities where large amounts of low pressure process steam are
available.

Figure 0.1 - Power House with Turbo Generator

3.1.1 Advantages of Back Pressure Turbines
 Process Heat For various Operating loads can be provided.
 Electrical power to meet the own and for Feeding into the Public grid is available.
 Balancing of operational Fluctuations between Power and steam requirement.
 Avoidance of exceeding the maximum Demand limits for power imported from the
Public grid.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 14

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

3.1.2 Disadvantages of Back Pressure Turbines

Steam consumption of back pressure turbine is high with respect to condensation
extraction turbines. In off season we cannot use back pressure steam so this is the
drawback.
3.2 Condensate Turbine
Condensate turbine is most commonly found in electrical power plants. These turbine
exhaust steam in a partially condensate, typically of a quality near 90% at a pressure well below
atmospheric to a condenser.

3.3 Turbine Generator Sets

In Noon Sugar Mills we have 4TG sets and all of them are steam turbines with
synchronous generation. These all turbine are Impulse Turbine.
16.5MW (HP)
15MW (HP)
6MW (LP)
3MW (HP)
3.4 Specification table of Steam Turbines and Generator

Table 0-1 - Rating of Steam Turbine (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (japan) 16.5mw)

Type C16.5-6.4/0.3/480
Rated Power 16.5MW
Steam Inlet Pressure 63 Bar
Steam Inlet Temperature 480 C
Exhaust Temperature 170 C
Cooling Tower 33 C
Inlet Steam Pressure 6.4 Mpa
Max. Extraction Pressure 0.3 Mpa
Exhaust Steam Pressure 0.010 Mpa
Extraction Flow 90.07T/h
Rotor RPM 6000
Rated flow rate at condensing mode 65ton/hr.(3.939Kg/KW/Hr.)
Rated flow rate at extraction mode 103ton/hr.(6.242Kg/KW/Hr.)
Table 0-2 - Rating of Synchronous Generator (Guangzhou Guangdong enterprise 16.5 Mw
Generator)

Type QF16.5-4
Rated Capacity 16.5MW
Rated Voltage 11000V
Rated Current 1082.5A
Rated Extraction Voltage 117V
Rated Extraction Current 308A

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 15

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

Rated PF 0.8lagging
Rated speed 1500 RPM
Weight 63.85 Ton
Rated Hz 50 Hz
Insulation Class F
Table 0-3 - Rating of Steam Turbine jieneng (Qingdao) 15Mw

Model B15.6.30/0.35
Steam Inlet Pressure 6.30 Mpa
Exhaust Steam Pressure 0.35 Mpa
Delivery No Kt 3763-3
Rated Power 15 MW
Steam Inlet Temperature 470C
Rotor RPM 3000 RPM
Rated flow rate 104.5ton/hr.(6.966Kg/KW/Hr.)
Table 0-4 - Rating of Synchronous Generator (15mw turbine dongfeng electric consortium)

Rated Capacity 15MW

Rated Voltage 11000V
Rated Current 984.1A
Rated speed 1500 RPM
Rated Hz 50 Hz
Phase No 3
Rated Extraction Voltage 215V
Rated Extraction Current 274A
Weight 63.85 Ton
Insulation Class F
Rated PF 0.8lagging

3.5 Generator Parts & Function

 Turbine
 Generator
 Voltage Regulator (AVR)
 Cooling System & Exhaust Systems
 Lubrication System
 Battery or DC Supply
 Control Panel
 Protection Panel
 Main Assembly/Frame
 Grvernor-505
 Exciter

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 16

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

3.6 Excitation System

Figure 0.2 - DC Exciters

Mainly 3 systems of Excitations are used.
 Slip Ring and Carbon Brushes are used
 Brushless/Pilot Exciter Excitation system
 Residual Flux self-excitation system
3.7 Why we need Exciters
The rotor of field coil in a generator produces the magnetic flux that is essential to the
production of the electric power. The rotor is a rotating electromagnetic that require a DC (Direct
Current) Electric Power Source to excite the magnet field. This power comes from an exciter.

3.8 Generator Working Principle

Figure 0.3 - Brushless Exciter

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 17

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

3.9 Houses Transformer (1500-2500KVA)

 Process House: Refine Side: 2 T/F’s, Raw Side: 3T/F’s, Spray: 1T/F
 Boiler House: 2T/F’s
 Mill House: 2T/F’
 Distillery: 2T/F’s
 Power House: 2T/F’s
 Usage: Power House Supply/ For WAPDA
Table 0-5 - Rating of Transformer of different houses

Houses Number of Transformer Rating

Process House 6 2000KVA
Mill House 2 2500 KVA
Power House 2 1500 KVA
Boiler House 2 2000 KVA
Distillery 2 2000 KVA
ETP 1 1500 KVA

Figure 0.4 - Transformers Room

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 18

Internship Report (NSML) Power House

3.10 Generator Synchronization

The process of connecting an AC generator to other AC generators is known as
synchronization and is crucial for the generation of AC electrical power. An AC machine
must match both the amplitude and the timing of the network voltage, which requires both
speed and excitation to be systematically and closely controlled for synchronization.
Generators Paralleling Conditions
 The line voltage of the two generators must be equal.
 The two generators must have the same Phase Sequence.
 The phase angles of α phase must be equal.
 The frequency of the new generator must be slightly higher than the frequency of the
running system.

Figure 0.5 - Parallel operation of synchronization (With Dark lamp)

3.11 Diesel Engine

A standby diesel engine of 1250 KVA is also available. It is manufactured by Cummins
England generator making company.
 Water cooling system is used for cooling purpose.
 Diesel is used as Fuel. It have 14 cylinders.
 It is 4 stroke engine.
 It supply 440V with 50 Hz frequency

Figure 0.6 - Diesel Engin

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 19

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

CHAPTER -4: STARTING METHODE OF MOTOR

4.1 Connection
 Star connection (Use for Low Power)
 Delta connection (Use for High Power)
 Star Delta connection (Use for above 5 hp motor)
4.1.1 Difference between Star & Delta Connection
Star Connection Delta Connection
There is a Neutral or Star Point No Neutral point in Delta Connection
Line current=Phase current (IL=IP) Line voltage=Phase voltage (VL=VP)
Line voltage is √𝟑 time of phase voltage Line current is √𝟑 time of phase current
VL=√𝟑VPH IL=√𝟑IPH
P=√𝟑*VL*IL*𝐜𝐨𝐬 ѳ P=√𝟑*VL*IL*𝐜𝐨𝐬 ѳ
The speeds of star connected motors are slow The speeds of delta connected motors are high
as they receive 1/√𝟑 because each phase gets total lie of voltage.

Figure 0.1 - Connection of three phase motor (Delta)

Figure 0.2 - Connection of three phase motor (Star)4.2 Observe Internal Mechanism

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 20

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

4.2.1 MC (Magnetic Connector)

Magnetic Connector are a form of electrical relay found on most electrically
powered motors. They act as a go-between for direct power sources, and high load electrical motor
in order to balance out change in electrical frequency which may come from a power supply as
well as to act as a safeguard.
(Function)
When electricity flows through the magnetic contactor, it causes the electromagnet to generate a
strong magnetic field. This field pulls the iron core into the coil, and creates an electrical arc.
Electricity passes in through one contact and into the contactor’s parent device in this manner. To
deactivate, the contactor can be physically pulled from the parent device. Also, in the absence of
electrical current, the spring pushes the core away from the coil, breaking the connection.

Figure 0.3 - 3 Pole MC with Over Current Relay

4.2.3 EOCR (Electronics over Current Relay)
An over current relay is a type of protective relay which operates when the load
current exceeds a pickup value. ... In a typical application, the over current relay is connected to
a current transformer and calibrated to operate at or above a specific current level.

Indication LED on the dial plate provides trip indication and ammeter function. The LED
starts to flash at the current point where motor current is equal to current setting level (Is),
so user can verify motor current with reading the scale of LOAD adjustment on the dial
plate.
This also provides an accurate current setting. LED is illuminated during motor current
exceeds current setting (Overloading Status). After tripping is occured, the LED keeps on

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 21

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

until relay is reset. The trip indication also an important feature in a multiple relay &
contractor (starter) installation.
EOCR has a wide current adjustment range over 10:1. It enables three types of model to
cover the widest range from 0.1A up to 600A and inventory control to be much easier

Figure 0.4 - Over Current Relay

4.2.4 Circuit Breaker
Electrical circuit breaker is a one kind of switching device which can be activated automatically
as well as manually to control and protect an electrical power system respectively. As the current
power system deals with vast currents, the special notice should be given throughout designing of
circuit breaker to secure break of arc produced during the process of the circuit breaker. This was
the fundamental definition of circuit breakers. These have been divided into a various types based
on special categories they have been subdivided into.

Type of Circuit Breaker

Figure 0.5 - Type of Circuit Breaker

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 22

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

4.2.5 Solid State Timer

Solid state timers—also known as solid state relays or solid state timer relays—are
used in numerous electrical and electronic devices to control of a wide variety of resistive and
inductive loads. The performance characteristics and other numerous benefits of solid state timers
over their electromechanical counterparts make them ideal for a broader range of switching
applications such as:
 Heaters
 Lights
 Motors
 Motion control devices

Figure 0.6 - Solid State Relay

4.3 Motor Start Method

4.3.1 DOL Starter
The simplest form of motor starter for the induction motor is the Direct on Line
starter. The Direct on Line Motor Starter (DOL) consist a MCCB or Circuit Breaker, Contactor
and an overload relay for protection. Electromagnetic contactor which can be opened by the
thermal overload relay under fault conditions.
Typically, the contactor will be controlled by separate start and stop buttons, and an auxiliary
contact on the contactor is used, across the start button, as a hold in contact. I.e. the contactor is
electrically latched closed while the motor is operating.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 23

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

Figure 0.7 - DOL Starter circuit

4.3.2 Auto Star-Delta starter using timer
Operation & Working of Automatic Star Delta Starter
From L1 The phase current flows to thermal overload contact through fuse, then OFF push button,
On push button Interlocking contact 2, and then C3. This way, the circuit is completed, as a result;
Contactor coil C3 and timer coil (I1) is energized at once and the motor winding then connected
in Star. When C3 is energized, its auxiliary open links will be closed and vice versa (i.e. close links
would be open). Thus C1 Contactor is also energized and Three Phase Supply will reach to the
motor. Since winding is connected in Star, hence each phase will get √3 times less than the line
voltage i.e. 230V. Hence Motor starts safely.
 The close contact of C3 in the Delta line opens because of which there would be no
chance of activation of contactor 2 (C2) .
 After leaving the push button, Timer coil and coil 3 will receive a supply through Timer
contact (Ia) , Holding contact 3 and the close contact 2 of C2.
 When Contactor 1 (C1) is energized, then the two open contact in the line of C1 and C2
will be closed.
 For the specific time (generally 5-10 seconds) in which the motor will be connected in
star, after that the Timer contact (Ia) will be open (We may change by rotating the timer
knob to adjust the time again) and as a result;
 Contactor 3 (C3) will be off, because of which the open link of C3 will be close (which is
in the line of C2) thus C2 will also energize. Similarly, When C3 off, then star connection

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 24

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

of winding will also open. And C2 will be closed. Therefore, the motor winding will be
connected in Delta. In addition, Contact 2 (which is in the line C3) will open, by which,
there would not be any chance of activation of coil 3 (C3)
 Since the motor is connected in Delta now, therefore, each phase of the motor will
receive full line voltage (400V) and the motor will start to run in full

Figure 0.8 - Star and Delta Connection

4.3.3 Motor Start in Forward & Reverse

The forward reverse motor control is used in a system where forward and backward or
upward and downward movement in the operation are needed. Forward and Reverse Operation
of motor can be obtained by interchanging any two of its three terminals.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 25

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

Figure 0.9 - Forward & Reverse control circuit

Figure 0.10 - Forward & Reverse Power circuit

4.4 Basics introduction of VFD

In this section we will discuss how the five basic drive system components work together.
The rectifier drive normally consists of a three phase diode bridge rectifier and capacitor filter.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 26

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

The rectifier converts the three phase AC voltage into DC voltage with a slight ripple. This ripple
is removed by using the capacitor filter.

Figure 0.11 - Filters and Rectifier

Figure 0.12 - Inverter Section

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 27

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

Figure 0.13 - VFD installed in NSML (ABB Brand)

Figure 0.14 - VFD working

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 28

Internship Report (NSML) Starting Methode of Motor

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 29

Internship Report (NSML) Traning Schedule

1. CHAPTER -5: TRANINIG SCHEDULE

TRANINIG SCHEDULE OF MANAGEMENT TRAINEE ELECTRICAL
(Power House) & Issues occurred during season 2020

5.1 Training Schedule in (Power House)

Mr. Ali Raza Management Trainee Electrical (Power House), DOJ: 23/02/2020
INTRODUCTION TO NSML POWER HOUSE
 Type of Turbo Generator.
 Difference between back pressure & Extraction Turbine.
 Specification of Turbo Generators.
 NSML Plant capacity.
 Study of HT & LT Layout of NSML power plant.
 Study of Turbine protection
 Study of General assembly of steam turbine
Study of VCB
 Comprehensive study of VCB
 Detail of VCB installed in NSML
 Practical work
 Air collar of Generator
Fault Type in Synchronous Generator
 The failure of prime mover
 Loss of Field (Excitation)
 Over current Fault
 Over voltage Fault
 Over speed Fault
 Unbalanced Loading on a synchronous generator
 The stator winding Faults
 Out of step faults
 Abnormal Frequency
 Over Excitation
 Open circuits
 Breaker failure
 Loss of synchronization
 Stator ground faults
 Practical work
 Drawing of Filter
 And Thermal Device installed at Steam Turbine.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 30

Internship Report (NSML) Traning Schedule

Protective Relays
 Concept of relay
 Function of a protective relay
 Conceptual diagram of a relay
 Type of protective relays
 Introduction of Numerical relays
Introduction to fuses
 Describe the characteristics of fuse element
 Type of fuse
 Low & High voltage
Protection of Synchronous Generator
 Reverse power protection
 Loss of Field protection
 Differential protection
 Earth Fault protection
 Over current protection
 Over voltage & speed protection
Transformer & Transformer Protection
 Basic of Transformer
 Description of Transformer Parts
 Protection system of Transformer
 Buchhloz Relay
 Earth fault protection of a Transformer
 Cooling Mechanisms of transformer
 Low VA capacity transformer
Power Factor
 Concept of Power Factor
 Power Triangle
 Disadvantage of Low Power Factor
 Causes of low power factor
 Power factor improvement techniques
 Industrial benefits of power factor improvement
 Most economical power factor
 Meeting the increased kw demand on power station

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 31

Internship Report (NSML) Traning Schedule

 Method of improving power factor of induction motor

 Power factor regulation relay
 Study of capacitor bank panel and its layout
 Demonstration of different capacitor banks at different houses substation of NSML at
distribution level
 Designing of a capacitor bank panel
Generators Synchronization
 Parallel operation of generator at NSML
 505 Turbine Governors at NSML
 Pressure transducer & CPC
 Synchronization analysis and precautions
 Load shifting after synchronization
 Study of synchronization panel
Protection of Bus Bar & Lines
 Bus Bar protection
 Protection of Lines
 Time graded over current protection
 Instantaneous over current protection
 Definite Time over current protection
 Inverse time over current protection
 Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) over current protection
 Differential pilot wire protection
 Distance protection
 Practical demonstration of maintenance of MCCB installed at LT panel board
 Calibration & setting adjustment of different CB installed at LT panel board
 Demonstration of Bus Bar of different size located on LT panels of House Substation at
NSML
 Study of different Bus Bar arrangements

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 32

Internship Report (NSML) Conclusions

2. CHAPTER -6: CONCLUSIONS

6.1 My Achievements
Before internship I know many theories and working principle of steam turbine power plant
generation and its equipment, single & three phase wiring, control and power circuit and its
equipment selection.
In my four months internship duration I am able to learn the process of generation of
Electricity by using steam turbine power plant, sugar manufacturing process, single and three
phase wiring, three phase control circuit, three phase power circuit, house hold maintains, split AC
service and variable frequency driver control inverter overhauling. Here I always tried to relate my
academic course with practical participation of all work above mention. Beside I also feed some
practical problem which was not taught in my academic course. Ability to understand single line
diagrams of different systems. Different types of test I perform for generation, transformer and
1&3 phase wiring from NSML Bhalwal
My communication skill also improves through communication with different instructor.
Therefore I made good achievement with my industrial training which will help in my future.

6.2 Problem Faced

There are some problems which I faced during internship period. The problems are given
below.
 My instructor all NSML showed my all equipment butt did not related with my theory most
of time.
 Practical participation in different works of NSML would give more experience but
practical participation was not allowed for internship student.
 Company did not provide me enough data for security purpose.

6.3 Recommendations
Some recommendation is given blow for the student to do their internship program in a
better way.
The internship program should be scheduled in such a way so that it does not clash with my
personal position.
More theoretical knowledge about power generation protection system and power equipment
should be learning before going to internship. Here student must complete the related course to
their internship before joining the program. Taking the course before the training help the students
understand the topic much batter.

6.4 Discussion
In case of power generation, NSML is the steam cycle plant. Last 2nd Feb I want to NSML
Bhalwal for my internship program.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 33

Internship Report (NSML) Conclusions

I visit steam power plant, I observed how water is collect, purified and boiled to produce
steam, power generation and transmission. Various types of relays are used for protection purpose
that is also control in control room. Various type of circuit breaker, Oil Circuit Breaker and Air
Oil Circuit Breaker are used protective purpose and system on off condition. All devices electric
equipment such as motor, transformer is connecting separate circuit breakers that are also control
in control room.
After steam turbine power plant, I visit mill house where the sugar cane reception, sugar can
record, sugar cane weightiest, cane crushing, cane milling, cane cutting and produce the cane juice
to store the raw juice tank. Sugar boiling process, sugar crystallization process, sugar refinery
process and sugar bag store use PLC control system.
The authorities in Noon Sugar mill ltd were very concerned about all kind of safety. The
friendly environmental in Noon Sugar mill ltd encourage me to co- operate with each other learned
a lot and obtained practical knowledge form my internship at Noon sugar Mill Ltd, which will help
in my future life.

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 34

Internship Report (NSML) References

REFERENCES
[1] Sunil S. Rao, “Introduction” in Switchgear protection and Power System, 13th Ed, New
Delhi, India: Khanna Publishers, 2008 p.7.
[2] *Busbar/ V.K. Metha and Pohit Mehat, “Protection of Busbar and Lines” in Principles of
Power System, 4th Ed. New Delhi India: s. Chand and Company Ltd, 2011, p.541.
[3] Sunil S. Rao, “Protective Relaying” in Switchgear protection and Power System, 13th Ed,
New Delhi, India: Khanna Publishers, 2008 pp.485-486.
[4] Sunil S. Rao, “Distance protection” in Switchgear protection and Power System, 13th Ed,
New Delhi, India: Khanna Publishers, 2008 pp.536-537.
[5] *Buchholz relay [Online]. Available:
http//www.transformerworld.co.uk/buchholz.htm.
[6] Sunil S. Rao, “Air Blast Circuit Breaker” in Switchgear protection and Power System,
13th Ed, New Delhi, India: Khanna Publishers, 2008 pp.89-91.
[7] V.K. Metha and Pohit Mehat, “Generating Station” in Principles of Power System, 4th Ed.
New Delhi India: s. Chand and Company Ltd, 2011, p.12.
[8] Principle of Power System V.K Metha “ Power Fector Improvement” (page # 101)

Department of Technical Education, University of Sargodha 35