Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning For Plant Buildings

DEP SPECIFICATION
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING FOR

PLANT BUILDINGS
Copyright Shell Group of Companies. No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Shell. Not for resale
DEP 31.76.10.10-Gen.
February 2014
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE
DEM1
© 2014 Shell Group of companies

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, published or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or Shell Global Solutions International BV.
This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Bahwan Engineering Company LLC qaassist.oilfield@becoman.com 24/01/2016 04:49:26
ECCN EAR99 DEP 31.76.10.10-Gen.
February 2014
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PREFACE
DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
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requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
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All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 5
1.1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS ......... 5
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................. 5
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 7
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES ............................................................................... 7
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP ....................................................................................... 8
1.7 DUAL UNITS ............................................................................................................... 8
2. GENERAL................................................................................................................... 9
3. HVAC PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................................. 9
3.1 HVAC FUNCTIONS .................................................................................................... 9
3.2 DISCIPLINE INTERFACES ...................................................................................... 11
3.3 LIFECYCLE............................................................................................................... 12
4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS................................................................................... 12
4.1 INTERNAL DESIGN CONDITIONS .......................................................................... 12
4.2 EXTERNAL DESIGN CONDITIONS ........................................................................ 12
4.3 AIR QUALITY ............................................................................................................ 13
4.4 CALCULATIONS ...................................................................................................... 14
4.5 DESIGN AIR-CHANGE RATES................................................................................ 14
4.6 BUIDING LEAKAGE ................................................................................................. 15
4.7 AREA SEGREGATION ............................................................................................. 15
4.8 ENERGY EFFICIENCY ............................................................................................ 15
4.9 SOUND AND VIBRATION ........................................................................................ 15
4.10 ABNORMAL OPERATIONAL SITUATIONS ............................................................ 15
4.11 SERVICE LIFE .......................................................................................................... 16
5. HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN - GENERAL .................................................................... 16
5.1 AIR INTAKES AND OUTLETS ................................................................................. 16
5.2 PROTECTIVE DAMPERS ........................................................................................ 17
5.3 EQUIPMENT DUTY ARRANGEMENT ..................................................................... 18
5.4 HUMIDITY CONTROL .............................................................................................. 19
5.5 AIRFLOW PATTERNS AND DISTRIBUTION .......................................................... 19
5.6 PRESSURISATION .................................................................................................. 19
5.7 HEATING .................................................................................................................. 20
5.8 COOLING.................................................................................................................. 20
5.9 BATTERY ROOMS ................................................................................................... 21
5.10 HVAC EQUIPMENT ACCESS AND MAINTAINABILITY ......................................... 22
6. HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN ......................................................................................... 23
6.1 HVAC DETAIL DESIGN ............................................................................................ 23
6.2 CONTROL BUILDING .............................................................................................. 23
6.3 FIELD AUXILIARY ROOMS ..................................................................................... 24
6.4 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS ................................................................................. 25
6.5 OTHER NON-HAZARDOUS BUILDING TYPES...................................................... 25
6.6 ANALYSER SHELTERS ........................................................................................... 26
6.7 HAZARDOUS CLASSIFIED BUILDINGS AND ENCLOSED FACILITIES ............... 26
7. HVAC EQUIPMENT DETAILS ................................................................................. 27
8. CONTROLS AND ALARMS..................................................................................... 27
8.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 27
8.2 CONTROLS .............................................................................................................. 27
8.3 CONTROL FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................... 28
8.4 ALARMS AND MONITORING .................................................................................. 28
8.5 EQUIPMENT POWER SOURCE.............................................................................. 28
8.6 INSTRUMENT AIR SUPPLY .................................................................................... 28
9. ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY ............................. 28

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9.1 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY .............................................................................. 28

9.2 ELECTRICAL SAFETY ............................................................................................. 29
10. DESIGN DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................ 29
11. CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING ............................................................. 30
11.1 CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................................................... 30
11.2 COMMISSIONING - GENERAL................................................................................ 30
11.3 COMMISSIONING PLAN......................................................................................... 30
11.4 COMMISSIONING PROCEDURES ......................................................................... 31
11.5 COMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES ............................................................................... 31
11.6 CONTROL SYSTEMS .............................................................................................. 32
11.7 SOUND CONTROL .................................................................................................. 32
11.8 REPORTS AND RECORDS ..................................................................................... 32
11.9 POST-COMMISSIONING ......................................................................................... 32
11.10 ACCEPTANCE PHASE ............................................................................................ 33
12. HANDOVER DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................... 34
13. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 35
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR VARIOUS PLANT FACILITIES .................... 38
APPENDIX 2 HVAC OPERATION IN ABNORMAL SITUATIONS ...................................... 39
APPENDIX 3 TYPICAL SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM FOR (HVAC) ELECTRICAL
SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 40
APPENDIX 4 HVAC EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................... 41

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE
This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the indoor climate of
onshore plant buildings and for the design and engineering of HVAC systems. It takes into
account the requirements for safety, operations and personnel. Buildings that are not part
of the process plant might have to comply with local planning and building regulations. The
principles of this document may be applied to such buildings where relevant but local
regulations will take precedence.
This DEP is applicable only to onshore installations. HVAC systems for offshore
installations are covered by DEP 37.76.10.10-Gen.
This DEP contains mandatory requirements to mitigate process safety risks in accordance
with Design Engineering Manual DEM 1 – Application of Technical Standards.
This is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated February 2013; see (1.5) regarding
the changes.
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them. Any authorized access to DEPs does not for that reason constitute an
authorization to any documents, data or information to which the DEPs may refer.
This DEP is intended for use in oil refineries, chemical plants, gas plants and in exploration
and production installations. This DEP may also be applied in other similar facilities.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process shall be implemented;
this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements could be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable with regards to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all
cases, the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of
this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local
regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective
being to obtain agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The capitalised term SHALL [PS] indicates a process safety requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.

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1.3.2 Specific definitions
Term Definition
Air handling HVAC equipment that moves air and transforms it by means of filtration,
unit (AHU) control of temperature and control of moisture content. It typically
comprises filters, fan(s), dampers, heating coil, cooling coil (thermal
cooling and/or dehumidification). Humidifiers may be included in large
AHUs or separately.
Note that AHU sizes and configurations can vary widely. The internally
located section of a split air-conditioning system is included as an AHU.
A ‘system’ AHU serves multiple areas and is part of a system with
distribution ductwork. A ‘room’ AHU serves only the room in which it is
located.
An AHU may be designed to work with 100 % fresh air, 100 %
recirculation, or a mixture of both fresh and recirculated air.
Chiller A packaged unit that provides chilled water for use as a cooling medium
in AHUs and/or fan-coil units. The water is cooled by refrigerant in a
vapour-compression system and heat, thus removed, is rejected via a
condenser.
Condenser The heat-rejection part of a refrigerant vapour-compression cooling
system. It is normally located externally in the form of a heat exchanger
that is cooled by means of fans blowing ambient cooling air over it. If
liquid cooling medium is available, a condenser may take the form of a
shell and tube heat exchanger provided that operability criteria are
fulfilled.
DCS Distributed control system.
Direct- A refrigerant vapour-compression cooling system where the refrigerant
expansion directly cools a heat-exchanger (also referred to as evaporator) that has
(DX) cooling room or system air passing through it. The refrigerant is cooled by an
external condenser.
(Dry-bulb) The temperature of the air indicated by an accurate thermometer.
Temperature
Electronic/ Indoor electronic and electrical equipment, including microprocessor
Electrical based control, safeguarding, telecommunication, computer, power
equipment supply and switchgear systems.
Fan-coil unit HVAC equipment through which air is re-circulated from the space in
which it is located. The purpose of this re-circulation is to cool or heat
this air to the conditions required for the space. This unit is normally
connected to the chilled water system.
Human Defined by the environmental parameters of temperature, radiation,
comfort humidity and air movement necessary for thermal comfort and depends
on the individual’s clothing and activity level.
Humidity The ratio of the weight fraction of water vapour present in the air to the
(Relative) weight fraction of water vapour present in saturated air at the same
temperature and barometric pressure.
HVAC system A heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system which maintains
required environmental conditions within rooms or buildings and also
fulfils any safety-critical functions such as over-pressure, minimum flow
rates and shutdown.

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Term Definition
Interruptible, A source of electrical power which is backed up by a second
maintained (emergency) source of power to provide a supply of electricity that may
electrical be interrupted for no more than 15 s.
supply
Local Extract Dedicated extract system to contain and remove fumes that are
Ventilation potentially injurious to health, such as welding fumes extract and fume
(LEV) cupboard extract.
MCC Motor control centre.
Plant buildings Buildings such as control buildings, field auxiliary rooms (FARs),
analyser houses, electrical substations and others (e.g., dedicated flow
metering buildings). Such buildings may contain different types of rooms.
PAS Process automation system.
Process- Equipment or systems are process-critical if their failure could cause the
critical process to shut down in a safe manner.
Safety-critical Equipment or systems are safety-critical if they can cause or contribute
to the occurrence of a major accident hazard (MAH).
Uninterruptible A source of electrical power, which is backed up by a second
maintained (emergency) source of power to provide a supply of electricity that may
electrical be interrupted for no more than 0.5 ms.
supply
Vital A service which, if it fails in operation or when called upon, can cause an
equipment unsafe condition of the process and/or electrical installation, jeopardise
life, or cause major damage to the installation. Vital equipment generally
covers both process-critical and safety-critical equipment and is used for
consistency with other DEPs.
VSD Variable speed drive for an electric motor.
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section
number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (13).
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

This DEP is a minor revision of the DEP of the same number dated February 2013. The
following are the main, non-editorial changes.
Section/Clause Change
1.1 Scope has been revised to clarify that this DEP does not apply to
offshore facilities.

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1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be submitted to the Administrator using one of the following
options:
Shell DEPs Online Enter the Shell DEPs Online system at

https://www.shelldeps.com
(Users with access to
Shell DEPs Online) Select a DEP and then go to the details screen for
that DEP.
Click on the “Give feedback” link, fill in the online
form and submit.
DEP Feedback System Enter comments directly in the DEP Feedback

(Users with access to System which is accessible from the Technical
Shell Wide Web) Standards Portal http://sww.shell.com/standards.
Select “Submit DEP Feedback”, fill in the online form
and submit.
DEP Standard Form Use DEP Standard Form 00.00.05.80-Gen. to record

(Other users) feedback and email the form to the Administrator at
standards@shell.com.
Feedback that has been registered in the DEP Feedback System by using one of the above
options will be reviewed by the DEP Custodian for potential improvements to the DEP.
1.7 DUAL UNITS

This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.

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2. GENERAL
Plant buildings and facilities may require HVAC systems to fulfil the following functions:
a) Safety-critical functions: compliance with area classification requirements or to
reduce risk levels
b) Process-critical functions: to maintain suitable conditions for equipment operation.
c) Human comfort: to maintain conditions suitable for personnel to work in
d) Human welfare: to prevent personnel from being exposed to potentially hazardous
substances.
3. HVAC PHILOSOPHY
3.1 HVAC FUNCTIONS

For each plant/installation a HVAC design philosophy shall be established at the start of a
project and shall cover the following aspects:
1. Process safety requirements
HVAC design SHALL [PS] incorporate the following process safety functions:
a) Pressurisation of non-hazardous enclosed facilities to a level above the
pressure of an adjacent hazardous area when the non-hazardous area
boundary is in contact with the hazardous area and the segregating structure
is not gas-tight. The level of pressurisation is determined by the applicable
area classification code.
b) Provision of ventilation airflow rates for hazardous facilities at a rate meeting
the requirements of ‘adequate’ as defined by the applicable
DEP 80.00.10.10-Gen. or DEP 80.00.10.13-Gen.
NOTE: Alternative approaches may be required for cold climates where it is unfeasible to heat large
airflows.
c) HVAC equipment located in a hazardous area or potentially handling a

flammable mixture of air and gas shall be designed, constructed and certified
in accordance with applicable standards (e.g., ATEX or IEC) to prevent it from
igniting the gas to which it may be exposed. This requirement shall be
extended to equipment located in a non-hazardous area where this is
required by a site or safety philosophy.
d) Gas shut-off dampers shall be installed at air intakes and outlets of non-
hazardous buildings where there is risk of flammable gas being present.
e) Gas shut-off dampers shall be installed at air intakes and outlets of
mechanically-ventilated hazardous facilities where the safety philosophy is
based on containment of hazards during abnormal situations.
f) Mechanically-ventilated enclosed hazardous facilities shall be negatively
pressurised where the safety philosophy is based on containment during
normal operation.
g) HVAC systems shall shut down (including closure of fire/gas dampers) when
required to do so by Fire & Gas or Safety design requirements.
h) Battery rooms shall be ventilated to prevent accumulation of hydrogen gas.

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2. Safety-critical functions
The design and function of HVAC systems shall comply with the governing area
classification standard. Refer also to DEP 80.00.10.10-Gen. and
DEP 80.00.10.13-Gen.
Safety-critical functions shall be determined in conjunction with Safety discipline and
shall include consideration of the following:
a) Pressurisation of non-hazardous areas.
b) Segregation of hazardous and non-hazardous areas by means of imperforate
structure.
c) Gas detection at HVAC air intakes.
d) Fire/gas dampers to close the air intakes and outlets of a building. This is
required as a minimum for buildings that remain occupied and have
control/monitoring functions following a major release.
e) Classification of HVAC equipment that could be exposed to flammable gas,
including classification requirements for externally-located HVAC equipment
to prevent it from acting as an ignition point even if located in a non-
hazardous area.
f) Site gas detection and tripping philosophy, e.g., the likelihood of detection
systems to detect a major release and trip potential ignition sources before
the release can reach potential points of ignition.
g) The leak-tightness of buildings containing equipment that will remain live and
could be affected by a gas cloud following a major release event.
h) Ventilation rates of hazardous areas in relation to area classification
requirement.
i) Availability of power in situations when safety-critical functions are required.
j) Ignition risk posed by external HVAC equipment and HVAC systems for non-
hazardous buildings located outside hazardous areas. Area classification is
usually based on normal plant operation, but there may be possibility of larger
hydrocarbon release events spreading beyond the normal hazardous area
classification zones, such as major accident hazard events. If the risk of such
an event poses a threat to the installation, it is necessary to consider a
hierarchy of safety measures that include those mentioned above.
k) Requirements for a Safe-Haven or Temporary Refuge
Note that the design of plant layout will often enable areas of different classification
to be suitably segregated by distance, but it is necessary to assess the areas of risk
and eliminate or address them as appropriate.
The design philosophy shall state whether safety-critical functions are applicable or
non-applicable and which facilities they apply to.
Management of HVAC systems during the operations phase shall include testing to
demonstrate the continuing suitability of HVAC safety-critical elements.
3. Process-critical functions
Process-critical functions shall include consideration of the following:
• Adequate equipment ratings to provide a suitable operating environment
during normal operation;
• Equipment sparing to allow for reliability and maintenance issues;
• Availability of electrical power and the sources of power supplies used for
HVAC systems;

February 2014
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• Equipment tripping philosophy and operation in emergency conditions.

4. Human comfort
Human comfort shall include consideration of the following:
• Air quality, temperature, humidity, sound
• Work patterns and whether or not buildings are considered “occupied”.
5. Human Welfare
HVAC systems may be required to reduce the risk of personnel being exposed to
potentially harmful substances. Examples are welding fumes extract systems and
fume cupboard extract systems.
3.2 DISCIPLINE INTERFACES

The design and function of HVAC systems shall allow for the requirements of other
disciplines. The main discipline interfaces to consider are:
1. Electrical:
• power supplies and availability of power in abnormal situations
• information about equipment heat emissions and required operating
environments for equipment, including batteries
2. Control and Automation:
• design and operation of fire, gas and smoke detection systems,
DEP 32.30.20.11-Gen.
• control, monitoring and alarm functions
• gas detection and tripping philosophies
• information about equipment heat emissions and required operating
environments for equipment
3. Process Safety, Technical Safety
• Safety philosophies and design documents
• to obtain information about sources of potential hazardous events and
consequences of releases.
4. Civil/Architecture:
• Layouts of buildings, space to accommodate HVAC equipment, equipment
supports, raised floors to enable upward airflow for rooms with high intensity
heat emissions.
• Details of fabric for determining thermal transfer coefficients.
• If there is a requirement for buildings to achieve a standard of leak-tightness,
e.g., for pressurisation or to resist gas ingress, the building construction must
take this into account. It is important for requirements to be made known to
Civil/Architectural discipline.
• If any parts of a building or structure provide segregation between hazardous-
and non-hazardous-classified areas.
5. Piping:
• If applicable, for piped heating or cooling medium
• Drain pipes from HVAC equipment, e.g., from cooling coils
Note that chilled water pipework and refrigerant pipework are part of the HVAC system.
Chilled water pipework shall comply with appropriate piping class.

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3.3 LIFECYCLE
HVAC systems shall be designed for longevity and ease of maintenance commensurate
with the whole life of the installation.
4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4.1 INTERNAL DESIGN CONDITIONS

Normative internal design conditions are indicated in (Appendix 1). This is based on:
• Occupied rooms: temperature 20 °C to 24 °C (68 °F to 75 °F), relative humidity 30 %
to 75 %.
• Equipment rooms: temperature 5 °C to 27 °C (41 °F to 80 °F), relative humidity 20 %
to 80 %.
Unoccupied equipment room temperatures may exceed the normal maximum design value
for short periods provided that they are within the tolerance of the particular equipment to
be installed and agreed with the applicable discipline.
Battery rooms are likely to require a smaller temperature range, such as 15 °C to 25 °C
(60 °F to 77 °F), for satisfactory life. Requirements shall be confirmed with the battery
Manufacturer.
HVAC design shall prevent condensing moisture on the surfaces of building fabric and
equipment. For very cold climates this may require lower design values of relative humidity
for rooms.
Humidity control may be necessary to obtain acceptable conditions for equipment or
personnel, but the use of humidification equipment shall be subject to the Contractor
submitting a justification (e.g., based on human welfare issues or equipment operation
problems) to the Principal and obtaining agreement. It is not necessary to provide humidity
control if it can be shown that compliance with temperature requirements will maintain
humidity within acceptable limits for the majority of the time.
4.2 EXTERNAL DESIGN CONDITIONS

1. Extreme Temperatures
Extreme temperatures are not normally used as HVAC design values because they
may be of such short duration and low frequency that it is not justified to use them as
a basis for equipment sizing. But HVAC equipment shall be specified so that it is
capable of withstanding extreme temperatures.
2. HVAC Design Conditions
External design conditions shall be based on weather data (e.g., Metocean data)
recorded over several years and applicable to the particular location.
Design dry-bulb temperatures shall be based on:
• The upper temperature shall be the highest temperature that is exceeded for
1 % of the year.
• The lower temperature shall be the lowest temperature that is exceeded for
99 % of the year.
The values to be used shall be subject to review of the acceptability of the durations
and frequencies of conditions that may not be covered.
Design relative humidity values shall be based on a review of data for coincident
values of humidity and dry-bulb temperatures so that an appropriate range of
conditions is covered.

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4.3 AIR QUALITY

1. Fresh Air
HVAC systems shall provide fresh air for the following situations:
a) Buildings classed as “occupied” (e.g., control building)
b) Buildings where pressurisation is required
c) For battery rooms, workshops and laboratories that have dedicated extract
systems: to replace air extracted and to ensure the extract function is not
impaired by air starvation
d) For toilets, to make-up for air extracted (air is supplied to other areas and
transfers to toilets)
e) Optionally, and where feasible, fresh-air may be used for cooling to eliminate a
requirement for other forms of cooling
f) For enclosed hazardous-classified facilities where air-change rates must meet
particular requirements for adequate dilution ventilation in accordance with the
applicable area classification code.
Other non-hazardous plant buildings that are not classed as “occupied” do not require
fresh air ventilation. The opening of doors for occasional visits by operations or
maintenance personnel will provide adequate air refreshment.
The fresh air flow rate shall generally be kept to a functional minimum to reduce the
energy required to heat, cool or dehumidify outside air, except for climates where fresh
air cooling is feasible. Airflow for pressurisation shall be based on what is required to
reliably obtain the desired pressurisation level and this may be the determinant for the
fresh-air flow rate. If this is the case the building or structure should be made as air-
tight as reasonably possible.
Refer to ASHRAE 62 for guidance on the rates of fresh air required to provide
acceptable indoor air quality.
Fresh air systems shall be tempered by primary heating/cooling to reduce temperature
and humidity to levels that are suitable to introduce to the rooms unless the fresh air is
introduced directly to the intake of the AHU that serves the rooms/building.
2. Airborne particulate contamination
Fresh and recirculated air systems shall comply with the grades shown in (Appendix 1)
which are referenced to EN 779. Fresh air filters shall be bag-type in order to extend
maintenance intervals.
In regions where airborne sand and dust can arise, air intakes shall include protective
measures such as sand louvres, traps, and high capacity filters. Condenser units shall
also be protected. Equipment performance shall include appropriate allowances for
prevailing levels of air contamination.
3. Chemical contaminants
Chemical contaminants may cause corrosion and affect the reliability of electronic
equipment at very low concentrations, and combinations of contaminants may cause
corrosion rates even higher than those of individual components. Reference standards
are IEC 60654-4 and ISA-S71.04.
Such contaminants can be removed by the use of charcoal-bed filter/scrubbers, but
their use is not recommended because they require regular changing of the media.
Therefore such filter/scrubber units shall not be used unless there is a proven risk of
chemical corrosion.
Hydrogen sulphide absorption filters shall generally be included at air intakes at
installations where there is risk of H2S contamination. The use of such filters shall be
determined and agreed in conjunction with the Principal.

February 2014
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4. Cold climates
Special measures shall be taken to prevent filters from freezing in very cold climates,
such as:
• Recirculating a quantity of warmed air from the discharge side of the fan(s) to
the upstream side of the filter
• Using a pre-heater
4.4 CALCULATIONS
Calculations shall be undertaken to establish required airflows, equipment sizes and duties.
Recognised design software packages shall be used to establish building heating and
cooling requirements, and the proposed software shall be submitted to the Principal for
acceptance. Calculations shall include the following:
a) Thermal properties of building fabric,
b) Heat losses at winter design conditions,
c) Heat gains and cooling duty, including lighting, solar gains and equipment gains,
d) Airflows required to provide heating and cooling without excessive temperature
differentials,
e) Flow rate for fresh air, airflow required for pressurisation,
f) Duct flow and resistance calculations,
g) HVAC sound level calculations,
h) Clear statements of required equipment duties,
i) Calculations shall be subject to acceptance by the Principal.
Calculations of heating requirement shall include an allowance for heat gains from lighting
and equipment in cases where the heat gains will usually be present. But consideration
shall be given to situations where the heat gains are not present, such as plant black-out or
during construction.
Heat emissions data for use in calculating cooling requirements shall be based on
equipment Manufacturer’s heat emission data.
NOTE: Under all stated climatic conditions (3.3.1), condensation on air ducting and chilled water piping shall
be prevented. Insulation shall be installed where necessary to achieve this.
4.5 DESIGN AIR-CHANGE RATES

Prescriptive airchange rates apply to the following facilities:
1. Battery Rooms
Minimum ventilation rates for rooms containing battery sets shall be calculated in
accordance with EN 50272, battery Manufacturer’s instructions and information
about gas emission rates and ventilation, and use of the battery charging system.
2. Toilets
Airchange rates for toilets shall be the greater of:
• 6 litres/sec per WC, or 3 airchanges/hour
• Requirements of local regulations.
3. Analyser Shelter
Refer to DEP 32.31.50.13-Gen.

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4.6 BUIDING LEAKAGE

Note that standard methods of building construction may not provide adequate sealing for
buildings that are required to be pressurised. If pressurisation is necessary, the Contractor
shall ensure that the building specification includes the requirement to minimise building
leakage by using appropriate construction.
Building leakage can be measured after construction using the blower-door methodology
(described in Annex F of DEP 37.76.10.10-Gen. in the context of offshore TRs).
4.7 AREA SEGREGATION

Non-hazardous- and hazardous-classified areas that are adjacent may be segregated
either by pressurisation or by ensuring that the segregating structure is completely gas-tight
and will remain so without maintenance.
4.8 ENERGY EFFICIENCY

HVAC services shall be designed to be as energy-efficient as practicable in the context of
operating and maintaining plant buildings.
4.9 SOUND AND VIBRATION

Sound levels caused by HVAC equipment shall be at least 5 dB(A) below the design sound
levels in DEP 31.10.00.31-Gen.
HVAC sound levels can be reduced by applying variously the following measures:
- designing for low sound levels, e.g., by use of low duct velocities, low-speed rotating
equipment
- duct sound attenuators
- cross-talk attenuators
- isolation of rotating and vibrating equipment from ducts, pipes and supporting
structures by means of flexible connections and anti-vibration mounts
4.10 ABNORMAL OPERATIONAL SITUATIONS

1. Equipment operation
HVAC systems shall be devised to run (e.g., to provide cooling) in abnormal situations
to enable the continued operation of process- or safety-related equipment and prevent
failures or shut-downs. Typically, the following equipment will be required to stay
operating in all situations:
- all electronic process control and safeguarding equipment, including process
data recording;
- all fire and gas detection and control equipment;
- all plant telecommunication equipment, including CCTV;
- UPS systems.
This may dictate particular arrangements of HVAC systems regarding redundancy and
configuration (e.g., dedicated plant versus centralised).
2. Power availability
HVAC equipment shall be connected to emergency power supplies (diesel generator)
where functions must continue in the absence of the normal power supply.
The availability/capacity of the emergency power supply may impose constraints on the
number and size of electrical equipment that can be connected to it. This may require
smaller independent HVAC systems for facilities maintained operating by emergency
power.

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3. Blast events
If externally-located HVAC equipment is required to continue to operate after a blast, it
shall be located either within the building or where it will be exposed to the least blast
overpressure (e.g., shaded from the blast by the building) and able to withstand the
blast forces to which it will be exposed.
4.11 SERVICE LIFE

The specification of HVAC equipment shall be based on obtaining service life to suit the
life-time of the installation. This shall encompass life-cycle costs, materials specifications,
maintenance requirements, replacement of major components or whole replacement if this
would be more economic than repair.
5. HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN - GENERAL
5.1 AIR INTAKES AND OUTLETS

Air intakes (and outlets where stated) shall meet the following requirements:
a) Located in a non-hazardous area and as far from hazardous zones as reasonably
practicable.
b) Located at high level where necessary to reduce the risk of drawing-in heavier-than-
air gas, if required by hazardous areas or where there is risk of sand or dust storms.
c) High level air intake may either be incorporated into the building structure or be an
elevated vertical stack for single-storey buildings. Vertical stacks shall include a non-
maintainable weather cowl and bird screen at the top.
d) In locations subject to sand or dust storms, all air intakes shall be designed to allow
for sand/dust being entrained with outside air and shall include sand louvres and
sand traps. Vertical stacks shall include a baffle arrangement to divert particulate
matter to the base from where it can be removed by means of a removable door.
Sand traps shall be sized so that they do not require cleaning more frequently than
once a month or after a sand storm and shall be located so that they are easily
accessible for cleaning.
e) If vertical stacks are not employed, air intakes shall have a downward-facing 90°
cowl, with bird screen, to protect from rain and wind effect. Air outlets shall similarly
have downward-facing 90° cowls.
f) In locations subject to heavy snowfall, air intakes and outlets shall be suitably
elevated and clear of structure such that they cannot be blocked by snow build-up.
g) Air intakes and outlets shall be suitably separated so that exhausted air will not be
ingested. Particular attention shall be given to situations where exhausted air is
potentially harmful.
For buildings at risk of smoke or gas ingress:
a) smoke and/or gas detectors (flammable and toxic, as required) shall be provided at
air intakes.
b) fire/gas dampers shall be provided where air intake ducts and outlets penetrate the
building boundary structure to enable the building to be isolated.
c) Gas detection and executive actions shall be in accordance with Safety and Fire &
Gas philosophies. Refer to DEP 32.30.20.11-Gen. for description of gas detectors
and their control systems.
d) HVAC tripping and operation shall be in accordance with (Appendix 2).

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5.2 PROTECTIVE DAMPERS

5.2.1 Fire and gas protection
1. Buildings with fresh-air ventilation shall be provided with actuated dampers where there
is a requirement to protect from smoke or gas ingress from external incidents. This
damper type shall be fail-safe with a spring mechanism to close it in response to control
signals or loss of power. These dampers shall be low-leakage type in accordance with
EN 1751, class 3 for blades and class B for casings.
This damper type can also be used as a fire damper or a combined fire/gas damper
and can include a thermally operated trigger to close the damper if exposed to
excessive temperature.
These dampers shall be provided at air inlets and outlets (i.e., at building boundary
penetrations) and to protect sensitive areas within a building. Actuated dampers permit
remote closing and opening and do not require personnel to enter a building to re-set
the dampers to enable ventilation to re-start. They may also be used at internal
divisions to close automatically in response to a detection system and prevent spread
of smoke within a building.
Actuated dampers shall include proximity switches to give remote status indication.
2. Fire dampers may be required to provide basic fire protection at designated fire
compartment boundaries in the event of a fire within a building. This is based on safety
within the building (as opposed to process safety) and may be required by local
building regulations where they apply (note that such regulations may not apply to plant
buildings).This type of fire damper shall be operated by rupture of a thermal link inside
the damper and the blades shall close by means of a spring mechanism. An external
test/release mechanism shall also be provided. The type of damper to be used for this
function shall have pivoting blade(s) and a re-set mechanism that can operated
externally so that no access is required inside ductwork or the damper casing for
testing or re-setting. The damper shall be attached to a fire-rated penetration spool in
the building structure so that the damper is offset from the structure and accessible.
Although curtain type fire dampers are typically used for this purpose in other building
types, they are not suited to testing and re-setting, which become unfeasible for large
sizes. Therefore, curtain dampers may only be used if specifically required by
regulations or for non-plant buildings.
Separate manually reset dampers and actuated dampers shall not be provided where it is
possible to fulfil requirements with a single actuated damper. All damper types shall have
the same fire rating as the barriers that they are installed to protect. Installation details,
such as penetrations through building fabric and duct penetration spools, shall meet fire
barrier ratings and be sealed to prevent transfer of smoke or gas.
5.2.2 Blast protection
Blast protection devices may be necessary at HVAC penetrations through blast-
protected/resilient buildings, but they impose constraints on design, construction and
maintenance and should be avoided by design techniques where feasible to do so.
Blast protection devices are typically:
- blast dampers, also referred to as blast valves, because they typically comprise an
assembly of valve-type elements.
- blast attenuators, where protection is provided by tortuous pathways.
They offer the following functions:
- They can prevent the shock wave from entering a building and causing consequent
damage.
- They can protect a fire/gas damper from being damaged by the shock wave so that
it can function properly afterwards to prevent escalation of an accident event. Note
that a fire/gas damper may be either open or closed when a blast happens.

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In order to ensure protection in the above cases, the blast protection device must operate
quickly enough to prevent the shock wave pulse from passing through. Therefore, it is
necessary to establish the required closure time (usually expressed as milliseconds) versus
applied over- or under-pressure. Note that shock waves can have positive and negative
pressure pulses. Blast dampers/valves shall self-reset after the shock wave has expired.
Blast protection devices tend to have high resistance to normal airflow velocities. They
usually have to be selected with substantially larger cross-sectional area to reduce airflow
resistance to a tolerable value. Their locations at or within building structure require
consideration of access for both the blast-protection device and fire/gas dampers. The
following factors shall be considered in assessing the need for blast protection devices:
- Locate HVAC penetrations in sides of the building that face away from the blast
origin
- HVAC penetrations below a certain size do not require blast dampers, if the
overpressure is below certain levels. Refer to DEP 34.17.10.30-Gen.
- High integrity fire/gas dampers, such as those used offshore, may withstand blast
pressures of up to 36 kPa (5 psi) and would not require protection for overpressures
within this capability. It is essential to consult Manufacturers regarding the capability
of their products.
5.3 EQUIPMENT DUTY ARRANGEMENT

5.3.1 Standby capacity
HVAC systems shall be arranged with standby capacity so that normal functioning can
continue in the event of equipment failure or if equipment has to be switched off and
isolated while maintenance is undertaken.
The arrangement shall be ‘n +1’, where ‘n’ is the number of equipment items required to
fulfil design duty including future margin. The value of ‘n’ requires consideration of system
criticality and operation in abnormal conditions, e.g., plant could be arranged as 2 × 115 %
or 3 x 60 % capacity units.
NOTE: To avoid confusion, equipment duties shall be qualified with reference to whether or not they include
future allowance. For example, 2 × 115 % refers to basic design capacity of 100 % duty with a 15 %
margin added for the future.
Equipment can be selected as 2 × ‘n’ units with ‘n’ being less than 100 % only for
applications that are not safety- or process- critical and where the absence of full cooling
capacity can be tolerated for extended time periods.
It is acceptable to use a single AHU with duty/standby fans because this reduces space
requirements and provides standby fan capacity, but standby capacity for cooling or heating
shall also be considered and included where necessary. Complete standby air-handling
units offer greatest availability but carry the penalties of space and cost.
The determining factors for equipment arrangement are operational criticality, repair times
and risk of single point failures.
Standby equipment shall always be energised and available for auto-changeover on failure
of the duty package unless it has failed or is undergoing maintenance.
5.3.2 Future capacity allowance
For the control room and field auxiliary room, system cooling capacities shall include a
margin of 15 % to 20 % over and above the basic design cooling requirement to allow for
engineering design growth in heat emissions of equipment.
Other future capacity allowances may be included, if required by the Principal.

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5.4 HUMIDITY CONTROL

5.4.1 De-humidification
De-humidification shall be carried out by cooling coils in the fresh air supply system, where
such a system is provided. If necessary to use room cooling units for dehumidification in
rooms that contain electrical or instruments equipment, there must be adequate safeguards
against the risk of leaking or overflowing condensed water.
5.4.2 Humidification
If humidification is required, it shall be provided at the fresh air supply by electrically heating
potable water to produce sterile steam. The steam shall be introduced to the air handling
system by means of a distribution matrix in the duct at a point where the air condition
(temperature, humidity) can absorb the moisture. Humidifier water level controls shall be by
means of a float valve, unless it can be shown that other level controls will operate
satisfactorily with the installation’s water quality. Reverse-osmosis units may be used to
treat the water supplied to humidifiers if the water has a high content of dissolved solids.
Humidifiers shall include automatic scale flushing.
5.5 AIRFLOW PATTERNS AND DISTRIBUTION

Air distribution systems shall generally be designed to have balanced supply/extract
airflows so that airflow patterns are maintained at all times and will not be affected by
internal doors being left opened or closed. An appropriate level of imbalance shall be
employed to obtain pressurisation when it is obtained by this method.
Some buildings contain rooms such as toilets, cooking facilities or workshops, where odour
or fumes may be present. For these situations in multi-room buildings, the HVAC design
shall ensure that airflow is always from ‘clean’ areas to the potentially polluted rooms and
that there is no possibility of reverse flow. This is to prevent transfer of polluted air and also
to minimise the fresh air requirement by allowing the fresh air supplied to an occupied area
to make-up for air extracted from the other areas.
Air diffusing equipment shall be selected and installed so that it provides adequate air
diffusion but prevents draughts in occupied rooms (i.e., air velocities of more than 0.2 m/s
(0.6 ft/s) shall be at a height of 2 m (6.5 ft) above floor level).
System designers shall recognise the risk of condensation moisture in HVAC systems and
ensure that the design either prevents occurrence of condensation or prevents any
consequent problems. Ducts that convey cooled air shall not be installed above electrical
equipment if there is risk of surface condensation, but vapour-proof insulation may be used
to prevent condensation.
5.6 PRESSURISATION
All buildings with fresh air supplies shall be pressurised to prevent ingress of dust. Where
required, pressurisation shall be obtained by either:
- The differential between gross quantities of air supplied and extracted (taking
account of the building leakage rate).
- Providing only supply air and allowing it to escape to outside via pressure-relief
damper(s).
Buildings shall include air locks at entrances as indicated in the buildings specifications
documents.
If pressurisation is monitored or controlled by instruments, the outside air terminal of any
differential pressure instruments shall be located at roof level and face vertically
downwards. It is not acceptable for the outside air terminal to be located at an external wall
where it will be affected by zones of high static pressure caused by wind acting against a
vertical surface.

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5.7 HEATING
Heating shall be provided where required by climatic conditions in order to maintain
adequate conditions for personnel and equipment. The minimum heat emissions of room
equipment during normal operation can be allowed for to reduce or eliminate room heating
requirements, provided that the equipment is normally in operation and there will be no
adverse consequences if the heat emissions cease during abnormal operation.
The method of heating shall be selected so that there is no risk of water leakage to vital
equipment and heating shall normally be provided by means of warming the air in air
handling systems. Hot water convectors/radiators may be used in rooms/buildings that do
not contain vital equipment.
Low-pressure steam or hot water may be considered as a heating medium for air heating
coils, provided that the coils are not located near vital equipment and the risks of leakage
are allowed for. If steam heating is used, ensure that provisions are made to avoid freezing
of condensate lines and drains.
Electric heating shall be used for rooms containing vital equipment or where the risks of
water leakage are unacceptable.
Heat pump systems may be employed where DX cooling is required and where suitable for
the climatic conditions.
Ground-sourced heating (e.g., using pumped water) may be used where feasible.
5.8 COOLING
Cooling shall be provided where required for personnel comfort, for dehumidification and to
keep the temperature of rooms that contain heat-emitting equipment within acceptable limits.
The main types of cooling are refrigerated chilled water and direct-expansion refrigeration.
Ground-sourced cooling may also be used where suitable conditions exist and reliable
performance is assured. Fresh air cooling may be used where feasible, but factors on which
this depends include climate, requirement for gas detection and closing air inlets and outlets,
and requirements for maintaining cooling after an incident when smoke or gas may be present.
Chilled water cooling shall be used in preference to direct-expansion cooling in the following
situations:
- for whole-building systems with multiple cooling coils
- for large capacity cooling systems
- where feasible to reduce refrigerant inventories and reduce likelihood of leakage from
multiple DX systems
- where the system can be arranged so that there is no chilled water pipework in rooms
that contain vital equipment
- where feasible for groups of buildings located close together (but whole-site systems
with central chillers and extensive distribution pipework shall not be used).
Chiller plant shall include standby capacity as described elsewhere in this document.
Chilled water pipework shall:
- be arranged to minimise risks of leakage and pipework within buildings and be run at
low-level. It is not acceptable for chilled water pipework to run above electronic
equipment.
- be insulated complete with continuous vapour barrier
- be pressure-tested on completion of construction.

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Direct-expansion cooling may be used in the following situations:

- for small duties
- for rooms or buildings where split systems are appropriate and without excessive
multiplicity of units
- where condensers can be located reasonably close to the evaporator sections
- for packaged HVAC systems.
For all cooling types, cooling coils shall have drip trays with drain traps and drain pipes
falling away at a gradient to an external drain point. Condensate shall be drained to the
outside of the building and measures shall be provided to prevent freezing in climates
where this is a risk.
Condenser installations shall meet the following requirements:
- have permanent access and be located at grade level, on purpose-made structure or on
flat roofs.
- For sites that are subject to dust or sand storms, condensers shall have sand-trap
louvres for protection.
- For regions subject to high solar radiation condensers shall have solar shades.
- Condensers shall be designed to reject heat at maximum outside air temperature.
5.9 BATTERY ROOMS

Battery rooms shall be provided with fresh air ventilation to dilute any emitted gas. Modern
batteries typically have very low rates of gas emission; but, it is possible for higher-gassing
type still to be used. Natural ventilation may be considered, but will have to account for battery
Manufacturer’s requirements, temperature control and safety issues. Mechanical ventilation is
normally required for practical purposes and is essential if batteries with high rates of gas
emission are to be used (e.g., non-recombination lead-acid). Mechanical ventilation shall
include:
• A dedicated battery room extract system consisting of 2 × 100 % (duty and standby) fans
with shut-off dampers and manual fan inlet isolation dampers. Fan operational status shall
be monitored by the control or fire & gas system so that any failures will generate an
alarm at a monitored location. HVAC equipment shall be suitable for operation with gas
group IIC (hydrogen).
• If batteries with high rates of gas emission are to be used, the battery chargers shall be
interlocked with the ventilation system such that ventilation failure will prevent the battery
charger from operating.
• The fresh air supply may be dedicated to the battery room if independent operation is
required, but shall otherwise be taken from the main building HVAC system. Back-flow
prevention shall be included for a branch duct supplying a room with high-emission
batteries.
• Full consideration shall be given to possible abnormal modes of operation, such as if
battery room ventilation is prevented by damper closures resulting from gas detection.
Measures such as inhibiting battery charging shall be included as required.
The design ventilation rate shall be based on the normal mode of battery charging operation.
Boost charging need not be considered if it takes place infrequently (e.g., at commissioning or
only after a total discharge), is controlled by permit and requires manual switching to initiate.
Hydrogen gas detection may be provided and shall give an alarm at a monitored location.

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5.10 HVAC EQUIPMENT ACCESS AND MAINTAINABILITY

HVAC equipment shall be located where there is adequate permanent access for
maintenance. Rooftop locations are acceptable, unless contrary to other requirements,
provided that the location has permanent access and all equipment is normally accessible
without requiring temporary measures such as scaffolding or guard rails. Solar shading shall
be provided where required.
Equipment that requires permanent access includes the following:
- Air filters
- Sand traps, sand trap louvres, with route for removing sand/dust
- AHU access doors
- Drain traps
- Fire and gas dampers
- Fans, fan motors, and any associated dampers
- Full access for chillers, DX/refrigerant systems and condensers
- Heaters
Access requirements shall be communicated to Architectural/Civil discipline to make
appropriate allowances. Space envelopes required for access, including any in-service lifting,
shall be shown as hatched areas on HVAC general arrangement drawings.
Duty/standby equipment shall be provided with an adequate arrangement of valves and
dampers to permit isolation of each unit for maintenance.

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6. HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN
6.1 HVAC DETAIL DESIGN

The arrangement of buildings can vary widely and HVAC design shall be carried out by
competent and experienced HVAC designers to incorporate the principles and
requirements indicated in all relevant parts of this document.
6.2 CONTROL BUILDING

6.2.1 General arrangement
Control buildings are continuously manned and contain a variety of equipment that typically
includes vital equipment and batteries. HVAC equipment shall be located inside the building
(except for condensers) and the system shall be based on the following, as appropriate for
the particular design:
• A main AHU with fresh air intake and recirculation, so that it can continue to function
to provide cooling in the event of gas detection and closure of boundary dampers
• Dedicated extract systems for rooms with pollution, odour or hazards, such as
smoking rooms, toilets, laboratory fume cupboard and battery room
• Cooling for equipment rooms by means of either:
- chilled water and duct-mounted zone cooling coils or room fan-coils
- DX cooling units
The systems shall be arranged for optimum energy efficiency and this will generally require
separate control for rooms with high or variable heat emissions. The re-heating of cooled
air should be avoided.
All necessary protective dampers shall be incorporated in the systems and actuated
dampers shall be provided to isolate, as minimum, the control and equipment rooms in
case of smoke detection. NFPA 90A shall apply.
6.2.2 Equipment rooms (Server Room, Instruments Auxiliary Room, Telecom Room,
Electrical Equipment Room)
Rooms with high heat emissions that are not treated as “occupied” may be cooled by either
the main AHU or by independent fan-coils/AHUs. Fresh air for pressurisation shall be
provided either directly from the main AHU or by transfer from adjacent areas. Chilled water
may be used for cooling, if the cooling coils are located outside the areas served and there
is no risk of leakage, overflow or flooding to these areas. There shall also be sufficient
redundancy so that HVAC failures will not interfere with equipment operation. DX cooling
shall be used, if chilled water is not feasible or if it is better suited to the building design.
To deal with high heat emissions, equipment rooms shall generally be served by down-flow
AHUs arranged to discharge into a plenum formed by a raised floor. Air shall transfer to the
room via floor grilles arranged to suit the equipment. Air shall return to a high-level return
grille of the AHU located below ceiling level; but, return air ductwork may be necessary for
larger rooms.
Condensation in the floor plenum is not acceptable and shall be prevented by the design.
Supply air distribution via a floor plenum is not necessary if heat emissions are low
and where the arrangement of equipment will not impede air distribution. In humid
climates, overhead supply ductwork requires careful consideration to prevent any
issues with condensation and moisture.
6.2.3 Control room
The control room shall be served by the main/fresh air AHU with supplementary cooling
provided, if required, by local cooling AHU or fan-coil. Cooling arrangements shall follow
guidance in the previous section. Overhead ductwork shall be used for air distribution

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unless the level of heat emissions from equipment requires air distribution via a floor
plenum.
Human factors engineering shall be applied to designs for the control room and sound
levels from any locally-installed HVAC equipment shall be unobtrusive.
6.2.4 Other rooms
Other rooms shall be provided with fresh air where required for occupancy and/or
pressurisation. Cooling shall be provided by individual fan coil units or by means of the
central re-circulation air handling unit if this would be feasible and more economic.
6.2.5 Heating
Heating shall be provided in accordance with (5.7) for rooms where heat emissions during
normal operation would not be adequate to reach minimum temperature. In cold climates a
pre-heater shall be included in the fresh-air AHU and terminal re-heaters provided as
required.
6.2.6 Room conditions monitoring
Instruments shall be provided to measure and transmit temperature and humidity in rooms
containing vital equipment. The output signals of the instruments shall be conveyed to a
monitored panel to provide alarms. The set points for alarms shall be based on the design
or operational limits of equipment within the rooms.
6.2.7 HVAC plant room
The HVAC plant room shall be located as close and centrally as possible to those rooms
which it serves in order to minimise the lengths of distribution ducts.
The HVAC plant room shall contain the main items of HVAC equipment such as the fresh
air/recirculation AHU, hot water calorifier, and relevant control panels/cabinets. Dedicated
extract systems shall be located in the plant room where feasible, but may be located local
to the rooms served if they are not close to the plant room.
6.3 FIELD AUXILIARY ROOMS

6.3.1 Field Auxiliary Rooms (FARs) contain electrical and instruments equipment that is usually
vital.
The primary HVAC function is to provide cooling to offset heat emissions. FARs are not
treated as ‘occupied’ buildings and fresh air is only required if a battery room is included or
if there is a need to pressurise the building.
6.3.2 If there is any risk of flammable gas reaching the FAR, air inlets shall include gas detection
and shut-off dampers shall be installed at all air inlets and outlets.
6.3.3 The HVAC system shall be arranged as follows:
Equipment rooms shall be served by recirculating, wall-mounted AHUs with DX cooling.
The type of HVAC system to be used depends on the size and layout of the FAR and level
of equipment heat emissions. FARs that are small or of simple layout may be served by
multiple small cooling units. Where equipment heat emission intensities are larger, cooling
air shall be distributed via a floor plenum with transfer grilles in aisles between equipment,
and the AHUs shall be wall- or floor-mounted down-flow type.
If used, overhead distribution ductwork shall follow the requirements of (5.5).
Battery rooms shall follow the requirements of (5.9).
6.3.3 Instruments shall be provided to measure and transmit temperature and humidity in rooms
containing vital equipment. The output signals of the instruments shall be conveyed to a
monitored panel to provide alarms. The set points for alarms shall be based on the design
or operational limits of equipment within the rooms.

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6.4 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS

6.4.1 Electrical substations are normally unmanned. The main HVAC function is to maintain
temperature within the design values, but fresh air will be required if a battery room is
included.
6.4.2 Depending on climate, cooling may be provided by natural ventilation or mechanical
ventilation.
- Natural ventilation is acceptable only if the equipment will tolerate dust and dirt and if
it is sufficiently distant from process plant so that there will be no risk of flammable,
toxic or corrosive gases being present.
- Mechanical ventilation shall be based on a fresh air supply system with air filtration
and distribution ductwork. Variable speed drives may be used to give variable flow
according to seasonal cooling requirements, provided that they have high reliability
and failure modes are considered and allowed for in the design. Air shall exit the
substation via natural outlets. Air intake gas detection and inlet/outlet shut-off
dampers shall be provided if there is any risk of flammable gas reaching the building.
6.4.3 Other methods of cooling may be used in accordance with (5.8), but note that it is
unacceptable for there to be any risk of water in rooms with electrical equipment.
6.4.4 Multi-roomed sub-stations shall be provided with AHUs that cool by means of re-circulation
and provide fresh air as required. Some equipment, such as VSDs or electrical harmonic
filters, may emit large amounts of heat. The first approach should be for such equipment to
be supplied suitable for external location or water-cooled. If the equipment has to be
located in a building, it will have to be cooled by HVAC systems with appropriate
redundancy, typically 3 × 50 % units.
6.4.5 HVAC equipment shall be sufficiently clear of sub-station equipment to allow maintenance
to be carried out. No HVAC equipment other than non-maintainable ductwork shall be
located inside a high-voltage enclosure.
6.4.6 If heating is required it shall be provided by thermostatically-controlled, totally-enclosed
heating elements.
6.5 OTHER NON-HAZARDOUS BUILDING TYPES

1. Office buildings
Offices shall have:
• A fresh air system to distribute air to all occupied rooms
• Chilled-water fan-coil units to provide cooling.
• Toilet extract system
2. Prayer buildings
Prayer building HVAC shall be designed along similar principles described for Offices.
3. Gate-house buildings
HVAC for gate-house buildings shall be designed along similar principles described for
Offices, except that DX cooling may be employed for small facilities.
4. Laboratories
Laboratories that contain multiple fume-cupboards shall be designed with variable-
volume fresh-air supply systems to suit the extract airflow, as it varies according to
which fume-cupboards are in use. This shall be done by using multiple supply fans or
by using VSDs to vary supply airflow.
Recirculation may be used for cooling/heating, provided that there is sufficient fresh air
to:
- Match what is extracted

February 2014
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- Ventilate the working areas

- Pressurise, if required.
Cooling shall be by means of chilled water or DX room AHUs.
5. Warehouses
The warehouse will comprise storage areas that may require different conditions. Fresh
air is not required for the warehouse, cooling and heating shall be provided by means
of recirculating AHUs inside the warehouse. The AHUs shall be located on the floor
inside the warehouse.
6.6 ANALYSER SHELTERS

6.6.1 Refer also to DEP 32.31.50.13-Gen., which includes HVAC design principles, performance
requirements, system outline arrangements.
Analyser shelters generally contain sources of hydrocarbons. They require ventilation for
safety purposes and to provide acceptable conditions for equipment and personnel; but,
they are not considered to be “occupied” because of short durations of use. It is preferred
that they be located in non-hazardous areas; but, note that the analyser house itself may
create hazardous areas.
6.6.2 Ventilation shall be based on a mechanical fresh air supply system with air escaping via
pressure relief outlets. The ventilation functions described in DEP 32.31.50.13-Gen. are:
a) Dilution ventilation (‘Closed’ shelter) – to dilute any gases or vapours that are
released within the shelter
b) Overpressure and dilution ventilation (‘Pressurised’ shelter) – to prevent gases
entering from outside
6.6.3 Air intake filters for mechanically ventilated analyser shelters shall be 85 % efficiency, and
fresh-air supply fans shall be arranged as 2 × 100 % duty and standby such that one fan
can be maintained whilst the other continues to operate.
Installed equipment shall be suitable to operate in moderately contaminated air
(IEC 60654-1, class 2).
6.6.4 Cooling shall be provided where it is not possible to do so by means of fresh air.
Recirculation may be used to provide cooling in hot climates in order to limit the energy
required to cool and de-humidify outside air, subject to obtaining minimum fresh air
ventilation in accordance with DEP 32.31.50.13-Gen.
6.6.5 Fans and other HVAC equipment shall be suitable for hazardous areas and certified
according to ATEX or IEC standards as applicable to the project. Fans shall comply with
EN 14986 and be in accordance with Annex A of DEP 37.76.10.10-Gen.
6.6.6 Supply air shall be distributed from ceiling-mounted ducts and directed by diffusers to
produce air movement throughout the room(s) and prevent stagnant areas. Air shall escape
via vertical pressure relief ducts having grilles at both low- and high-level.
6.6.7 The fresh air intake shall have gas detection in accordance with project and site
philosophies.
6.7 HAZARDOUS CLASSIFIED BUILDINGS AND ENCLOSED FACILITIES

HVAC for hazardous facilities shall comply with the applicable area classification code.
Natural ventilation shall be used where feasible, but this depends on a number of factors
that include:
- Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is normally necessary to prove the
adequacy of natural ventilation to comply with requirements of the classification
code.
- The operating environment requirements of the process or equipment within, e.g.,

February 2014
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temperature, humidity.
- Safety philosophies, e.g., if it is necessary to be able to seal the building/facility in
the event of a leak inside, or to prevent an external gas cloud entering.
- The intensity of heat emissions inside the building/facility.
A secondary (scouring) ventilation system may be used in congested areas in order to
prevent stagnant areas.
Where mechanical ventilation is required, the HVAC system shall be based on mechanical
supply ventilation because the ‘throw’ of supply grilles produces better air movement in
relation to the objective of preventing stagnant areas. Air shall exit by means of low-
resistance outlets located at high and low level to deal with different gas densities.
Mechanical extract shall be included for the following situations:
a) if it is necessary to prevent positive pressurisation (e.g., in relation to adjacent non-
hazardous areas)
b) for buildings or enclosures where there is risk of toxic gas release. These facilities
shall be maintained at negative pressurisation to prevent any gas releases escaping
from the building/enclosure in an uncontrolled manner.
Gas detection, fire/gas dampers shall be provided in accordance with Safety philosophies.
HVAC operation and shut-down shall comply with Safety philosophy, Fire & Gas
philosophy, and cause-and-effect diagrams.
In extremely cold climates, the heating of large quantities of fresh air may require large
amounts of energy/heating medium. Consideration can be given to using lower design
airflow during normal operation and increasing the flow rate if gas is detected.
7. HVAC EQUIPMENT DETAILS

Refer to (Appendix 4).
Common types and Manufacturers of HVAC equipment and controls shall be used as far as
possible throughout all the plant buildings.
8. CONTROLS AND ALARMS
8.1 GENERAL
1. The general principle is for controls systems to be as simple as possible and based
on Manufacturers’ standard arrangements.
2. Controls and alarms can be arranged in various ways to suit the type of HVAC
system and the installation as a whole. The HVAC Contractor shall liaise with the
Principal’s Control and Automation engineers to agree requirements and the
design/supply responsibilities.
8.2 CONTROLS
1. Simple controls, such as on/off switching, relays and thermostat temperature control
shall be used where possible.
2. Manufacturer’s standard control panels shall be provided for packaged equipment
such as stand-alone DX cooling systems and chiller units. Where this type of
equipment is part of a larger HVAC system, the Manufacturer’s standard controls
shall be used and shall interface with the main HVAC control system.
3. Control systems for more complex HVAC systems may be based on programmable
logic controllers (PLCs) where the HVAC systems are extensive and require logic
control, interlocks, and temperature/humidity control loops. The PLC shall be from a
recognised Manufacturer with a record of high reliability and which can be fully
supported during operational life. Proposals for PLC-based controls shall be

February 2014
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submitted to the Principal for approval.

HVAC controls may be integrated with building automation systems.
4. Actuated protective dampers (fire/gas shut-off dampers) shall be controlled by either
the building fire panel or the installation Fire & Gas control system in accordance
with the installation philosophy. This control system shall override the HVAC controls
to safely shut down the HVAC system. The status of actuated protective dampers
shall be displayed at the initiating control panel and repeated at the HVAC panel, if
the initiating panel is in a separate building.
5. Control systems shall normally operate in automatic mode but shall include
selectable facility for manual operation. Automatic controls shall be provided for
control of temperature and humidity (if applicable). Electric heaters of more than
3 kW shall be thyristor-controlled. Large electric heaters shall be staged with a
combination of step-control and thyristor-control.
6. Control signals coming from an HVAC control system cabinet and going to an HVAC
motor control centre (power) cabinet shall pass via an interface box.
8.3 CONTROL FUNCTIONS

Controls shall generally include the following functions:
• On/Off/Auto control
• Individual or sequenced operation for control of multiple units
• Change-over between duty and standby equipment
8.4 ALARMS AND MONITORING

HVAC alarms and plant operating status shall be displayed individually on local HVAC
panels and the following alarm/status signals shall be passed on to the DCS either hard-
wired or via a serial link:
a) Fault alarms
b) Operational status of systems and main HVAC equipment
Temperature and humidity shall be monitored and recorded for rooms containing vital
equipment in accordance with DEP 34.17.00.32-Gen.
Proprietary HVAC units (e.g., split DX systems) may be able to convey only limited
information to the DCS. The minimum requirement in such cases is to provide a common
fault alarm per unit.
8.5 EQUIPMENT POWER SOURCE

HVAC control panels shall not include power sources for driving HVAC equipment. If this
requirement cannot be met by Manufacturers of packaged equipment, the Contractor shall
seek approval from the Principal for the use of such equipment.
Refer also to (9).
8.6 INSTRUMENT AIR SUPPLY

Pneumatic instrumentation shall be connected to the "priority instrument air header". Refer
to DEP 31.37.00.11-Gen.
9. ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY
9.1 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY

The electrical power supply for HVAC systems that serve vital equipment shall generally be
from an interruptible maintained power supply, provided that the period of possible

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interruption is sufficiently short that the vital equipment will not overheat. Otherwise, the
essential functions of the HVAC systems shall be connected to an uninterruptible power
supply.
Refer to (Appendix 3) for a typical single-line diagram of HVAC electrical power supply
system. Particular project requirements shall take precedence.
9.2 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

The type of explosion protection for the electrical apparatus installed shall comply with the
requirements defined in IEC 60079-14.
Electrical cables serving the HVAC system shall be fire-resistant, low smoke and zero
halogen (LSZH) type.
10. DESIGN DOCUMENTS

HVAC design documents shall include the following:
1. HVAC design philosophy
• As described earlier in this document
2. Ducting & Instrumentation Drawings (D&IDs)
• D&IDs are single-line drawings that show all main equipment items on a
schematic representation of the duct system.
• D&IDs shall include symbolic representation of all controls and electrical
equipment and indication of which systems they interface with, e.g., motor
supplies from motor control centres, instrument connections to HVAC control
systems, installation control systems, Fire & Gas systems.
• To simplify D&IDs for large or complicated systems, standard details may be
used, e.g., by using a separate standard detail sheet for fans and dampers.
3. HVAC Flow sheets
• Flow sheets show main HVAC equipment and ducts in single-line format with
airflows for each area and along each duct branch. For simple systems, flow
sheets may be combined with D&IDs.
4. Equipment specifications, data sheets and schedules
• The specification should cover all equipment and materials
• Data sheets should be provided for major/complicated equipment
• Schedules should be provided as a means of listing all equipment types.
• Equipment specifications, data sheets and schedules
5. Calculations: heating and cooling requirements, heat dissipation, equipment sizing,
building leakage, system resistance (air and water systems), sound levels.
The documents and level of detail provided at particular stages of a project shall be
commensurate with project maturity.

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11. CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING
11.1 CONSTRUCTION
The Contractor shall install the equipment and materials in compliance with:
• This document
• relevant ASHRAE, NFPA 90A and SMACNA standards and guidelines.
• DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen. for electrical facilities
The Contractor shall complete Shell Construction check sheets.
11.2 COMMISSIONING - GENERAL

The purpose of commissioning is to provide the Principal with assurance that the
mechanical and associated electrical and control systems will operate as intended by the
design and to allow the system to be transferred to the Principal in an orderly fashion.
The commissioning process shall follow the procedures established in ASHRAE
Guideline 1 and the Contractor shall submit a preliminary commissioning schedule detailing
his interpretation of the Guideline as applicable to the project for review and approval by the
Principal. All commissioning activities and procedures, as applicable, shall be in
accordance with ASHRAE Standard 111.
Where applicable and where the complexity of the system warrants it, smoke control
systems shall be separately commissioned in accordance with ASHRAE Guideline 5.
The Principal shall, at his option, witness any commissioning activities.
Electrical installations and equipment shall be tested and commissioned in accordance with
DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen. and DEP 63.10.08.11-Gen.
The entire commissioning process for all individual items of plant, equipment and complete
systems shall be documented in detail and included in the final operating and maintenance
manuals.
The Contractor shall make all necessary provisions as may be required to allow them to
adequately test, adjust and put into proper operation all equipment, systems and sub-
components to the satisfaction of the Principal. This shall include providing all test
equipment required to commission the whole HVAC system. Test equipment may include
micro-manometers, pitot tubes, anemometers, hygrometers, thermometers, tachometers,
sound analysers, vibration meters, recorders (for tuning control loops), etc.
The Contractor shall complete Shell Construction and Commissioning check sheets.
11.3 COMMISSIONING PLAN

The Contractor shall submit an overall commissioning plan to the Principal at the start of
the construction phase. It shall show the following:
a) Lists of main equipment and extent of factory acceptance tests and on-site tests,
b) Lists of systems to be commissioned,
c) Tests to be carried out during construction (e.g., pressure tests),
d) Commissioning programme, integrated with overall construction programme,
e) Commissioning acceptance,
f) Post-acceptance schedule.

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11.4 COMMISSIONING PROCEDURES

Commissioning procedures shall be written for all systems and should be sub-divided per
main system or facility. Commissioning procedures shall include the following:
a) Description of the systems to be commissioned with clear definition of the extent;
b) Description of the commissioning, testing and balancing procedures for each item of
major plant and for each air, water, electrical and control system;
c) Equipment schedules for all major items of plant showing the design requirements,
and equipment capacities with referenced drawings;
d) Test and balance forms for all systems and components (Shell check sheets);
e) Control system logic diagrams and test flow charts together with test results sheets;
f) Pressure test results for all installed systems;
g) Electrical test sheets: electrical circuit continuity, earthing test results and electrical
insulation test results;
h) Factory acceptance test data, preliminary as-built drawings, Manufacturer’s
commissioning procedures
i) Calibration certificates for test equipment;
The Contractor shall submit the procedures to the Principal for review and approval.
Note that partial commissioning submissions may be made when work has been
completed, such as for factory acceptance tests, pressure tests.
11.5 COMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES

1. Factory tests
In general, witnessed factory tests shall not be repeated unless specifically required.
2. Air systems pressure testing
Air ducting system shall be pressure tested in accordance with the
SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual. Exceptions may be made for small
systems where leakage would not be significant, subject to acceptance by the
Principal.
3. Piping systems pressure testing
Unless otherwise specified, all piping shall be pressure tested in accordance with
ASME B31.3.
Chilled water, central heating pipes and compressed air pipes shall be
hydrostatically tested for 24 h at a pressure of not less than 1.5 times the design
pressure.
Refrigerant systems shall be strength-tested to 1.3 times the maximum allowable
pressure in accordance with EN 378.
Other piping systems shall be pressure tested as specified by the Principal.
Pressure testing shall be performed prior to painting, installation of insulation or
concealment. Isolated portions of piping may be tested separately to facilitate the
general progress of the installation. Instrumentation, pressure relief valves and any
items of equipment, having lower pressure limits than the test pressures specified,
shall be isolated during the tests. Such equipment shall be tested separately if
required.
Expansion joints included in the systems shall be provided with temporary restraints
if needed.

February 2014
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11.6 CONTROL SYSTEMS

Testing shall be performed in accordance with:
a) DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen.
b) DEP 62.10.08.11-Gen.
c) ASHRAE Standard 111; and
d) NFPA 90A and NFPA 90B.
Checking and/or testing and recording shall include the following:
a) Satisfactory operation of HVAC systems in response to building fire control system,
plant control systems and/or fire and gas systems;
b) Safety in the event of failure and of sudden resumption of electricity supply;
c) Satisfactory operation of safety interlocks designed for the protection of personnel,
such as those associated with remote electrically operated plant;
d) Setting of final control set-points for valves and instruments as well as the testing of
correct operation of all control devices;
e) Satisfactory operation of equipment protection devices;
f) Satisfactory operation of all sequencing operations and alternate working selections
and automatic or manual change-over of duplicate plant.
11.7 SOUND CONTROL

Sound levels shall be in accordance with DEP 31.10.00.31-Gen.
Airborne sound measurements shall be taken under normal operating conditions for HVAC
equipment and systems. Measurements shall be taken:
• in at least 3 locations relevant to occupants;
• at least 1 m away from any reflecting plane or opening of the ventilation system, and
at least 1.5 m away from any window.
Measurements of the A-weighted sound pressure level shall be in accordance with
the "survey method" of ISO 11202, and shall last for at least 10 seconds.
If one of the sound pressure levels measured in a room exceeds the required noise
limit, all measurements inside the room shall be carried out according to the
"engineering method" of ISO 11201 (involving the determination of octave band
spectra).
11.8 REPORTS AND RECORDS

The entire commissioning procedure shall be recorded in detail and the results summarised
on the previously approved forms. The results of the commissioning process shall be
compiled in a Commissioning Report and submitted to the Principal for review and
acceptance.
The Commissioning report shall included a complete set of drawings for air and closed-loop
water distribution systems (heating, cooling) marked-up to show numbered reference points
for flow measurement and balancing.
Note that the Commissioning Report will be finalised during the Acceptance Phase.
11.9 POST-COMMISSIONING
When commissioning work has been completed, the Contractor shall fit new air filter
elements and provide an additional set (identified by tag number) for the first operational
change-out.

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11.10 ACCEPTANCE PHASE

1. Objectives
The objectives of this phase are to
a) Verify the accuracy of the Commissioning Report;
b) Verify that the HVAC system complies with the contract documents;
c) Establish an as-built record of HVAC system performance;
d) Complete the as-built records;
e) Complete the commissioning report;
f) Complete the Systems Manual;
g) hand-over the building to the Principal.
2. Verification
The verification process includes a full range of checks and tests to determine that all
components, equipment, systems, and interfaces between systems (e.g., emergency,
fire and personnel safety, etc.) operate in accordance with the contract documents.
Verification will also validate the Commissioning Report.
The Contractor shall arrange and make available all necessary documents and test
information to enable timely acceptance by the Principal.
The Contractor shall notify the Principal of verification tests in accordance with the
agreed schedule. Where required, the Contractor shall have qualified Manufacturer's
technicians and specialists present at the facility during verification.
The Principal shall witness all verification activities.
Upon successful completion of verification, i.e., after rectifying defects and deficiencies
reported by the Principal, an authenticated Certificate of Readiness, signed by the
Principal, shall be issued to the Contractor.
3. Functional performance testing
Functional performance testing will determine if the HVAC system is providing the
required cooling, heating and ventilating services in accordance with the design intent.
It will also determine if the as-built installed capacity of the cooling and heating plant
meets or exceeds the requirements.
After completion, the adjusted position of each balancing valve and damper shall be
clearly marked.
4. Operating and maintenance manuals
Operating and maintenance manuals shall be prepared in accordance with
ASHRAE Guideline 4.
5. Final acceptance
On the successful completion of all of the foregoing activities the Contractor shall issue
for review and approval finalised commissioning documentation. On approval of these
documents, the Principal will formally accept the systems and the defects liability period
as specified will begin.
6. Post acceptance commissioning
During the warranty period, further adjustments, fine tuning and optimisation activities
as well as any defects that may be rectified shall be recorded. These records shall be
issued to the Principal in the form of addenda to the as-built and system manuals.

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12. HANDOVER DOCUMENTS

The final documentation shall include as minimum:
a) HVAC D&IDs (ducting and instrumentation diagrams);
b) Design criteria and data summary;
c) HVAC layout drawings for each plant building;
d) Calculations for ventilation rates, pressurisation, normal and abnormal cooling,
heating load, etc;
e) Control and alarm schemes;
f) Electrical power supply and distribution drawings;
g) Hardware/software related drawings for control, alarm and shutdown functions;
h) Technical data books and spare parts listings;
i) operating manuals, including start-up, shutdown, trouble-shooting and regular
maintenance procedures;
j) Certificates of Conformity and Declarations of Conformity for equipment that is
classified for use in hazardous areas (where applicable).
The Contractor/Manufacturer/Supplier shall submit a listing of hand-over documents to the
Principal.

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13. REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES: 1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.
SHELL STANDARDS
Global technical standards index DEP 00.00.05.05-Gen.
DEP feedback form DEP 00.00.05.80-Gen.
Noise control (amendments/supplements to ISO 15664) DEP 31.10.00.31-Gen.
Instrument air supply DEP 31.37.00.11-Gen.
Fire, gas and smoke detection systems DEP 32.30.20.11-Gen.
Analyser housing DEP 32.31.50.13-Gen.
Electrical engineering design DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen.
Synchronous AC machines (amendments/supplements to DEP 33.65.11.31-Gen.
IEC 60034-1 and IEC 60034-14)
Design and engineering of buildings DEP 34.17.00.32-Gen.
Inspection and functional testing of instruments DEP 62.10.08.11-Gen.
HVAC for offshore installations (amendments/supplements to
DEP 37.76.10.10-Gen.
ISO 15138)
Inspection and functional testing of instruments DEP 62.10.08.11-Gen.
Field commissioning and maintenance of electrical installations and
DEP 63.10.08.11-Gen.
equipment
Area classification (amendments/supplements to IP 15) DEP 80.00.10.10-Gen.
Area classification and electrical equipment spacing for North
DEP 80.00.10.13-Gen.
American application
Shell HSSE & SP Control Framework, Design Engineering Manual DEM1
(DEM) 1 – Application of Technical Standards.
http://sww.manuals.shell.com/HSSE/
AMERICAN STANDARDS
ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals ASHRAE
ASHRAE Handbook: ‘HVAC Applications’ Sound and Vibration
ASHRAE
Control
Method of testing air-cleaning devices used in general ventilation for
ASHRAE 52.1
removing particulate matter
Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy ASHRAE 55
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Quality ASHRAE 62
HVAC&R Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process ASHRAE Guideline 1
Preparation of operating and maintenance documentation for building
ASHRAE Guideline 4
systems
Guideline to commissioning smoke management systems
Issued by: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers ASHRAE Guideline 5
Incorporated

February 2014
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Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing of Building HVAC Systems

ASHRAE Standard 111
(ANSI Approved)
Process piping ASME B31.3
HVCA DW144
Standard for the installation of air conditioning and ventilating
NFPA 90A
systems
Standard for the installation of warm air heating and air-conditioning
NFPA 90B
systems
HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual
SMACNA 1143
Issued by: Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractor's National Association
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Refrigerating Systems and Heat Pumps – Safety and Environmental
EN 378, 2008 (all parts)
Requirements
Particulate air filters for general ventilation – Determination of
EN 779, 2002
filtration performance
Ventilation for Buildings - Air Terminal Devices - Aerodynamic
EN 1751
Testing of Dampers and Valves
Ventilation for buildings — Air handling units — Mechanical
EN 1886
performance
Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products - Technical delivery
EN 10346
conditions
Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps —
EN 14276-2
Part 2: Piping — General requirements -
Design of fans working in potentially explosive atmospheres EN 14986
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations
EN 50272
Part 1: General safety information
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design,
IEC 60079-14
selection and erection -
Industrial-process measurement and control equipment; operating
IEC 60654-1
conditions, Part 1: Climatic conditions
Operating conditions for industrial-process measurement and control
IEC 60654-4
equipment. Part 4: Corrosive and erosive influences
Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and Control
Systems: Airborne Contaminants ISA S71.04:1985
Issued by: International Society of Automation
Mechanical vibration Balance quality requirements for rotors in a

constant (rigid) state Part 1: Specification and verification of balance ISO 1940-1
tolerances
Industrial fans — Performance testing using standardized airways ISO 5801
Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment -
Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station
and at other specified positions - Engineering method in an ISO 11201
essentially free field over a reflecting plane with negligible
environmental corrections

February 2014
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Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment -

Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station
ISO 11202
and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections
Industrial Fans - Mechanical Safety of Fans - Guarding - ISO 12499
Industrial Fans - Specifications for Balance Quality and Vibration
ISO 14694
Levels
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production
installations — Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning - Second ISO 15138
Edition

February 2014
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APPENDIX 1 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR VARIOUS PLANT FACILITIES

Normal (1) Normal (2) Fresh-air Over- Filter Specification
DB Temp. % RH pressure (4)
Space Min. Max. Min. Max. Pa Fresh Recirc.
°C °C % % Requirement (3) Air Air
(15) (15) RH RH % %
Control Building
Control Room 20 24 30 70 Yes(3) 30 F7 F7
Instr. Aux. Room (14) 5 27 20 80 (6) 10 (6) F5 G4
Electr. Aux. Room (14) 5 27 20 80 (6) 10 (6) F5 G4
Telecom. Room (14) 5 27 20 80 (6) 10 (6) F5 G4
Computer Room (14) 5 27 20 80 No 10 (6) F5 F7
First Aid Room 20 24 20 80 Yes 10 (6) F5 -
Office 20 24 35 70 Yes 10 (6) F5 -
Meeting Room 20 24 35 70 Yes 10 (6) F5 -
Mess Room 20 24 20 80 Yes. 10 (6) F5 -
Prayer Room 20 24 30 70 Yes 10 (6)
Laboratory 20 24 30 70 Yes (9) 10 (6) F7 -
Battery Room 15 25 30 80 (10) - F5 -
HVAC plant room (14) 15 27 20 80 Yes 10 (6) F5 -
Corridor 15 26 20 80 Yes 10 (6) F5 -
Staircase 15 26 20 80 Yes 10 (6) F5 -
Toilet 20 26 20 80 Yes See doc - F5 -
Wash/dressing Room 20 26 20 80 Yes 10 (6) F5 -
Shower Room 20 26 20 80 Yes - F5 -
FAR
Instr. eqt. Room 5 27 20 80 (6) (6) F5 G4
Electr. eqt. Room 5 27 20 80 (6) (6) F5 G4
Battery Room 15 25 20 80 (10) - - -
Electrical Substation 5 35 35 75 (6) (6) F5 G4
Analyser House 18 27 20 80 Yes (11) (11) F5 G4
Other Hazardous Bldg 5 35 20 80 Yes (12) -ve (16) F5 G4
NOTES: (1) The set point shall be adjustable within the 'normal' temperature range stated. Set point tolerance shall not
exceed +/- 1 °C.
(2) The set point shall normally be set in the range 40-50% relative humidity as appropriate for climate. Set
point tolerance shall not exceed +/- 5 % RH.
(3) Control of over-pressure is not required unless pressurisation is required for compliance with area
classification code.
(4) Filtration grade in accordance with EN 779.
(5) Deleted
(6) Rooms may not require a fresh air supply directly, but pressurisation can be obtained by transfer from
adjacent areas. A defined pressurisation level is not required unless necessary under application of area
classification code.
(9) Fresh air to make-up for air extracted via fume cupboards and to provide pressurisation.
(10) Fresh air to make-up for air extracted via battery extract system. Battery room pressurisation should be
negative relative to adjacent rooms.
(11) Refer to DEP 32.31.50.13-Gen.
(12) 100 % fresh air, to comply with classification code requirements
(13) Principal to confirm.
(14) Temperature and humidity determined if applicable by control (electronic) equipment.
(15) Minimum temperature applies to heating capacity calculation (at minimum outdoor temperature).
Maximum temperature applies to cooling capacity calculation (at maximum outdoor temperature).
(16) Hazardous facilities should normally be negatively pressurised to ensure containment of any gas releases.

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APPENDIX 2 HVAC OPERATION IN ABNORMAL SITUATIONS

1. TYPICAL HVAC OPERATION (Non-Hazardous Areas)
Description Equipment ABNORMAL SITUATIONS
Normal Gas Gas/Fire/ External Mains Failure of
Detection in Smoke Explosion Power (one) vital
Fresh Air Detection in Failure HVAC Unit
Intake the Building
Fresh air supply Run Close inlet Stop (1) Run (1) Stop & Run if
and outlet close redundant
dampers (1) dampers fan available
Air Handling Units Run Run Stop (1) Run Run or Redundant
(re-circulation or self- Stop (2) unit(s) run
contained)
Cooling systems Run Run Run Run Run or Redundant
Stop (2) unit(s) run
Heating System Run Stop Stop Run Stop No
redundancy
HVAC Control System Run Run Run Run Run (3) Run
NOTES: 1. Actions to be determined in conjunction with Safety and Fire & Gas philosophies. Special consideration
may be required for battery rooms.
2. Cooling may be stopped if the electronic equipment can withstand the resultant temperature and humidity
for a period of 30 minutes (safe shut-down period of the plant). Calculations shall cover the worst case
scenario (scenarios with partly running equipment may be taken into account). If power is required, it
should be obtained from an interruptible power supply (e.g., the available diesel generator).
If the electronic equipment cannot withstand these conditions the HVAC system shall continue to run.
3. The HVAC control system shall have a stand-alone back-up battery or shall be connected to the UPS
system.
2. ANALYSER HOUSES
ABNORMAL SITUATIONS
Normal Flammable Toxic Gas External Mains HVAC
Gas Detected Detected in Explosion Power Redundancy
in Fresh Air Fresh Air Failure if QMI is vital
Intake Intake (3)
Fresh air supply system Run Run (4) Stop (4) Run Stop Yes
Cooling System Run Run Run Run Stop Yes

(If separate)
Heating System Run Stop Run Run Stop No
HVAC Control System Run Inactive Run Run Stop No

standby
NOTES: 1. Actions to be taken shall be subject to the safety measures defined in DEP 32.31.50.13-Gen.
2. Inside the analyser house, electrical apparatus which is required to run in case of a ventilation failure shall
have a type of protection in compliance with IEC 60079-14 (zone 1).
Outside the analyser house, electrical apparatus shall have a type of protection in compliance with
IEC 60079-14 suitable for the particular area classification (typically zone 2).
3. Actions to be taken if gas is detected inside the analyser houses are specified in DEP 32.31.50.13-Gen.
Hot surfaces shall comply with the appropriate temperature class.
4. If both toxic and flammable gas are detected in the fresh air intake, the fresh air supply system shall stop
for a ‘pressurised’ analyser shelter and shall continue to run for a ‘closed’ analyser shelter.

February 2014
Page 40
APPENDIX 3 TYPICAL SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM FOR (HVAC) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

February 2014
Page 41
APPENDIX 4 HVAC EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS
A.4.1 EQUIPMENT – GENERAL

The types, sizes, duties and specifications of HVAC equipment required for onshore
buildings can vary widely. Certain types of equipment, e.g., smaller sizes or packaged
units, may not directly relate to what is described. In such cases the requirements of this
section shall be applied as far as possible and the Contractor shall agree the use of
proposed equipment with the Principal.
The Contractor shall provide documentary evidence to demonstrate that the HVAC
equipment will be suitable for the required performance, application and operating
conditions.
A.4.2 AIR FILTRATION

Air filters shall be provided for both fresh and recirculated air in building and sand trap
louvres shall be used for all fresh air intakes. Bag-type filter elements shall be used in the
following situations:
- Fresh air intakes
- Recirculated air in control buildings and other continuously occupied buildings
- Where beneficial to extend maintenance/change-out periods
- Where there is risk of high quantities of airborne particles.
Panel filters may be used for recirculated air where levels of contamination are low. Filter
differential pressure shall be shown by means of a differential pressure gauge with clear
indication of ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ conditions. The differential pressure gauge shall be located
where it can easily be seen by maintenance personnel, if necessary by using extended
connections.
Filter elements shall be supported in metal frames and the assembly shall be designed for
easy replacement of elements with side- or front-withdrawal.
Filter elements shall be standardised for each installation.
Sand trap louvres shall be of the inertial separation type designed for a velocity of 1.5 m/s
and for drainage/clearance of sand. They shall be protected from physical damage and also
from rainwater which could cause sand/dirt to coagulate. Vertical intake stacks shall include
cleanable sand traps at the base.
A 4.3 HEAT EXCHANGERS

A.4.3.1 ‘Wet’ heating and cooling coils
The heating/cooling medium shall be conveyed through a heat exchanger made from
seamless copper tubes expanded into copper fins having solid-drawn collars. Heat
exchangers exposed to outside air shall be protected from corrosion by means of electro-
tinning or other type of coating, such as epoxy spray or proprietary anti-corrosion finish.
Cooling coils shall be sized to prevent moisture carry-over and shall also be provided with
droplet eliminators having blades manufactured from stainless steel UNS S31603.
Heat exchangers shall be tested at the Manufacturer’s works by immersing in water and
pressurising with air. The test pressure shall be 18 barg and maintained for at least
30 mins.
A.4.3.2 DX cooling and condenser coils
DX cooling and condenser coils shall be as described above, except made from refrigerant
grade copper in accordance with EN 14276-2 or ANSI equivalent and tested to 36 barg
minimum. The heat exchanger tubes shall be connected to headers in groups that ensure
adequate refrigerant distribution.

February 2014
Page 42
DX cooling coils shall be sized to minimise moisture carry-over and shall also be provided
with droplet eliminators having blades manufactured from stainless steel UNS S31603.
On completion of satisfactory testing, DX coils shall be dehydrated, charged with an inert
gas and sealed.
A.4.3.3 AHU coils
Coils in AHUs shall be designed for side-withdrawal to facilitate possible future
replacement.
A.4.4 ELECTRIC HEATERS

Electric heaters for use in a hazardous area or which may be exposed to flammable gas
shall comply with DEP 37.76.10.10-Gen. (which refers to ISO 15138).
All electric heaters shall be designed so that temperature reset devices are easily
accessible and also to enable over-temperature devices to be replaced without having to
remove the whole heater unit.
A.4.5 FANS
A.4.5.1 Applicability
This section covers centrifugal fans, mixed-flow fans and cased axial fans. Fans for
hazardous areas or which may be exposed to flammable gas shall comply with the
applicable parts of DEP 37.76.10.10-Gen.
A.4.5.2 Fan general requirements
The type of fan to be used shall include consideration of functional requirements, efficiency,
space requirements, maintainability and life-cycle. Fans shall be non-stall and non-
overloading.
For all fan types, selections shall be based on:
- Steep performance curves to minimise airflow change with changes in static
pressures, e.g., due to adverse wind conditions (fresh air fans) or dirty filters.
- Allowance for dirty filter condition: fan selections shall be based on filter ‘dirty’
resistance.
- Fan duty point shall be at least 15 % below the fan’s maximum static pressure.
Where feasible, fans shall be direct-drive to eliminate belt maintenance requirements. Use
of direct-drive fans may require suitable capacity adjusting devices and allowances in
system design to ensure that minimum duty requirement can be obtained. Inlet guide vane
dampers may be used if located within an AHU.
Fans to be located externally in corrosive environments (e.g., coastal) or handling moist or
corrosive air shall have casings manufactured from stainless steel UNS S31603 unless
located within an enclosure. Fans in other locations and not subject to moist or corrosive air
shall be manufactured from galvanised mild steel or with epoxy paint coating. For belt-drive
fans the frame shall incorporate facilities for drive belt tensioning and alignment of pulleys.
Fans for use in extract systems where there is a possibility of fouling by particulate matter
shall have motors outside the airstream and be designed to resist build-up of contaminants
and to facilitate cleaning.
Fans should not be selected to have excessive velocities and rotational speeds because
this creates excessive noise and may reduce operational life. This situation should be
avoided by improving system design to reduce fan duties. Discharge velocities should not
exceed 15 m/s.
Fan shafts shall be of high-tensile steel and designed to withstand fatigue. The shaft’s first
critical speed should be at least 20 % in excess of the recommended maximum fan
operating speed.

February 2014
Page 43
Fan impellers shall be keyed on to shafts and shall be dynamically balanced in accordance
with recognised standards such as ISO 1940-1 and ISO 14694. Fans with driver power
equal to or less than 37 kW (BV-3) should meet Balance Quality Grade G 6.3, while fans
with driver power higher than 37 kW (BV-4) should meet Balance Quality Grade G 2.5. All
rotating parts of the fan and motor shall be protected with suitable guards in accordance
with ISO 12499.
Fans shall have anti-vibration mountings that provide isolation efficiency of at least 95%.
Connections to adjacent ductwork or components shall be by means of 150 mm long
flexible connections having flanges at both ends that are clamped by metal backing flanges.
Fan installations shall be provided with appropriate instruments for control and monitoring
purposes. Belt-driven fans shall have speed sensors or differential pressure switches to
warn of fan failure. Where speed sensors are used, failure indication or changeover shall
be initiated at 80% of normal speed. Direct-drive fans can be monitored by means of motor
operation or differential pressure switch.
Belt drives, if used, shall be rated for continuous duty, and when used on single fans they
shall be arranged to have spare capacity so that in the event of one belt breaking the
remainder will be capable of transmitting the full drive load.
Fan bearings shall be rated for a design life of at least 40,000 hours and have lubrication
points extended as required so that they are accessible from outside the fan casing. The
fan nameplate shall state the required frequency and quantity of Shell lubricant.
Industrial fans shall be designed to comply with ISO-5801:2007.
A.4.5.3 Centrifugal fans (further requirements)
Centrifugal fan casings shall be stiffened to prevent flexing and shall allow for impeller
removal.
The casing shall be provided with a removable bolt-fixed access door and a plugged casing
drain.
Impellers shall be backward-curved with single-skin or aerofoil section blades and shall be
fabricated from mild or low carbon steel and finished with epoxy paint. Welds shall be
tested by dye-penetration.
A.4.5.4 Mixed flow fans (further requirements)
Mixed-flow fan impellers shall be of the type where the air enters axially through an inlet
cone and the discharge has both axial and radial components. The casing shall include
welded supports for the fan shaft bearings (or motor for direct-drive type). All welds shall be
tested by dye-penetration.
Casings shall be flanged at each end. Bolted access doors shall be provided for fans over
400 mm diameter.
A.4.5.5 Axial fans (further requirements)
Axial fans have limited pressure capability and must be selected so that the required
performance in adverse conditions is within their capacity and they will not stall.
Casings shall be fully welded with rolled flanges at each end and bolted access doors
provided for fans over 400 mm diameter.
Where possible, axial fans shall be of the long case type with guide vanes welded to the
inside of the casing to improve performance and efficiency.
A.4.5.6 Fan motors
Electric motors shall comply with DEP 33.65.11.31-Gen. and shall be selected so that the
design loading, including transmission allowance, does not exceed 90 % of the motor
nameplate rating. Fan power requirement at the lowest design air temperature shall be
checked to ensure that the motor is adequate.

February 2014
Page 44
Small packaged HVAC equipment may not be available with motors that meet the Shell
specification. In such instances, the details shall be submitted to the Principal for approval.
A.4.6 AIR-HANDLING UNITS (AHUs)

1. For external locations, AHUs shall be manufactured from stainless steel UNS S31603
and shall have a shallow pitched roof for weather protection. For internal locations,
AHUs shall be manufactured from galvanised or coated mild steel except for sections
that may be exposed to moisture, such as at cooling coils, humidifiers, droplet
eliminators and drain trays, which shall be manufactured from stainless steel
UNS S31603. If dissimilar metals are used, they shall be isolated to prevent galvanic
corrosion.
Alternative materials and construction that are equal in performance may be proposed
for approval by the Principal.
AHUs shall be supplied fully assembled and tested. They may be supplied as sub-
sections only if necessary for transport or installation constraints.
2. Air-handling units shall be constructed and classified in accordance with EN 1886 2007
as follows:
• casing strength D1
• casing air leakage L2
• filter bypass leakage F7
• thermal transmittance T2
• thermal bridging TB2
Testing shall be based on a ‘model’ AHU box that can be related to the size and rating
of AHU required for installation.
3. Inspection access sections where personnel entry may be required shall have stiffened
floors designed to accept imposed load of at least 100 kg/m².
Access doors shall have heavy-duty, quarter-turn, lockable, securing handles.
4. AHU components shall be as described in other sections of this document.
A.4.7 REFRIGERATION PACKAGES

Refrigerant gases shall comply with the Montreal Protocol, any local regulations and Shell
HSSE policies. CFC and HCFC refrigerant gases shall not be used.
The TEWI (Total Equivalent Warming Impact) methodology described in EN 378-1 Annex B
may be used to compare different refrigeration system arrangements for global warming
impact in terms of refrigerant loss and energy consumption. Self-contained chiller units
have the further advantage of not requiring site-installed brazed refrigerant pipes and
specialist contractors to test and charge the refrigeration system.
Chilled water pipes shall have flexible bellows at connections to heat exchangers and pipes
shall be independently supported so that there is no imposed load on the heat exchanger.
Direct pipe connections are permissible only if acceptable to the equipment Manufacturer.
All refrigeration systems shall be designed and built to prevent leakage in accordance with
latest industry guideline and should also minimise the refrigerant inventory. Compressor
connections shall be designed to avoid failure from vibration or rubbing and shall not
transmit vibration to other parts of the refrigerant circuit.
Refrigerant pipework between evaporator and condenser sections shall be refrigerant
grade copper installed in accordance with the system Manufacturer’s recommendations.
Other materials may be used where permitted by the referenced standards. It shall be sized
and installed at gradients to ensure proper compressor lubrication and system function. The
refrigerant pipework shall be insulated to prevent heat gain, to prevent heat rejection in

February 2014
Page 45
conditioned spaces and to protect from contact by personnel. Insulation in accessible

locations shall have mechanical protect at heights of up to 2 m above walking surfaces, and
all external insulation shall be protected from degradation by ultra-violet light.
Refrigerant relief valves shall be installed as pairs and shall be connected to the refrigerant
circuit by means of a 2-way service valve to enable each relief valve to be removed for
testing or replacement. Each valve shall be capable of full relief duty and each relief valve
discharge shall be piped to a safe location externally. The relief pipe shall include a
mechanical joint near each valve to facilitate valve replacement. Refrigerant relief valves
are treated in the same way as process relief valves for maintenance purposes and shall be
tagged individually.
The nameplates attached to equipment containing refrigerant gas shall include details of
the type and quantity of refrigerant.
Air-cooled condensers shall be protected from dust and sand by the following:
- Protective coating applied to the coil and fins
- Enclosed header tubes
- Enclosure with sand-trap louvres.
Refrigeration packages shall use Manufacturer’s standard control systems.
Note that some refrigeration packages may require crankcase heating prior to operation
and this must be allowed for in black-start situations to avoid damage to equipment.
Refrigerant leak detection systems shall be included if required, e.g., if there are large
refrigerant inventories in enclosed areas.
A.4.8 ACTUATED FIRE/GAS DAMPERS

Gas-tight dampers shall prevent the transfer of smoke or gas and meet the leakage
standard Class 3 (for blades) and Class B (for Case) in accordance with EN 1751.
Status indication shall be provided by means of integrated switch boxes attached to the
actuator. The switch boxes may be of proprietary design incorporating switches to provide
indication of ‘open’ and ‘closed’ positions. The switch trigger shall be part of the switch box
unit and shall enable trigger points to be adjustable to achieve the correct switching points
which shall be within 5 % of the open or closed damper position. The switch box must
provide clear indication of the damper’s position in conjunction with ‘Open’ and ‘Closed’
labels on the controls cover box.
Actuators shall be designed for long service without requiring any maintenance and for the
normal mode of fire damper operation where the spring is fully compressed except during
testing. To allow for deterioration, actuator minimum torque output shall be at least 40 %
above the damper’s maximum requirement which is usually at the closing position.
Pneumatic actuators shall have NAMUR standard details for the drive connection, actuator
mounting and fittings.
Actuator springs shall be made of spring steel with a flexible corrosion-resistant coating.
Instruments and electrical components fitted to gas-tight dampers shall be classified for use
in a hazardous area if there is any possibility of exposure to gas, which may include ‘black-
start’ situations.
The design of blade shaft bearings shall recognise that fire dampers operate infrequently
and may be subjected to corrosive environment. Plain bush designs tend to become stiff
over time and sintered bronze bushes suffer corrosion in saliferous environments, therefore
bushes must be maintainable or replaceable in-situ. The potential for friction should be
minimised by reducing the contact area between shaft and bearing to the minimum that is
functionally required.
Actuated fire and gas-tight dampers shall be manufactured from stainless steel
UNS S31603 and casings shall be flanged to enable removal/replacement without
disturbing adjacent ductwork.

February 2014
Page 46
For actuated fire dampers, a thermal device shall be provided to close the fire damper in
the event of excessive temperature in the duct. For pneumatically operated dampers, the
thermal device shall be a liquid-filled glass bulb designed to break at a given temperature
and interrupt the actuator’s air supply. For electrically operated dampers, the thermal
device shall be a fail-safe detector that interrupts the actuator’s power supply.
All duct-mounted actuated fire/gas dampers shall be provided with an adjacent access door
to enable internal inspection of the damper.
A.4.9 MANUALLY RE-SET FIRE DAMPERS

Design and construction shall be tested and certified by recognised organisations to meet
regulations that apply in the region. The casing and blades shall be manufactured from
stainless steel grade 316 and the retention mechanism shall be self-latching. There shall be
external indication if the blades have closed and an externally operated re-setting
mechanism.
Access doors shall be provided adjacent to the damper to facilitate inspection, and the
location of the access door shall be accessible.
A.4.10 HUMIDIFIERS
Humidifiers shall be electrically powered and generate fresh, odourless, sterile steam from
the installation’s potable water supply system. Steam shall be introduced to the ducted
airstream by means of dispersion tubes that will ensure even steam distribution and rapid
absorption to minimise water particle drop-out. The improved moisture absorption will
enable more compact installations.
Humidifiers shall meet the following requirements:
a) Be designed for industrial use and continuous operation at full output.
b) Electrical equipment shall be in compartments that are segregated from water or
steam carrying components to prevent them from being exposed to water or vapour
during either normal operation or maintenance. Such compartments and any stand-
alone electrical or instruments equipment shall have a suitable moisture ingress
protection rating.
c) The main electrical connections shall be capable of accepting the types of cable
terminations specified in applicable electrical standards.
d) There shall be no exposed hot surfaces that are normally accessible. All
components shall be enclosed in a sheet steel casing and insulation shall be used
where required to prevent surface temperatures from exceeding safe levels.
e) The package shall include all necessary safety devices and the controls shall be
capable of operating in conjunction with the HVAC control system for permissive
signals, transmitting alarm signals and receiving trip signals.
f) Heater elements shall be the resistive type.
g) Steam chambers shall be of stainless steel and easily accessible for maintenance.
h) Float valve for water level control.
i) Humidifiers shall have water skimming/flushing systems to prevent accumulations
of solids.
j) Humidifiers shall operate only when system airflow has been established.
A.4.11 GRILLES AND DIFFUSERS

Where possible, grilles and diffusers shall have fixed blades, straight or angled, so that
there is no possibility of undesired movement or unauthorised adjustment.

February 2014
Page 47
A.4.12 HVAC EQUIPMENT DRAINAGE

HVAC equipment that produces moisture, such as filters, moisture separators and cooling
coils, shall be provided with drain pans with manometric traps connected to permanent
drains. Each drain trap shall have sufficient depth of water seal to withstand the maximum
differential pressure to which it could be exposed, including abnormal system operation with
dampers closed or filters blocked. All traps shall be of a type that can be removed and
dismantled for cleaning. ‘Open’ traps may be used where located in a non-hazardous area.
If it is necessary to locate equipment that requires drainage in the control room or
equipment rooms, the area underneath drain pans shall be bunded and provided with a
drain to prevent under-floor cabling from becoming wet in the event of overflow.
A.4.13 DUCTS
The material and type of construction for ductwork shall be selected to be suitable for the
operating conditions and design life of the installation.
Stainless steel UNS S31603 with angle flanges shall be used for external ductwork and any
ductwork exposed to moisture.
Refer to DEP 37.76.10.10-Gen. for details and classes of ductwork. Table A.3 provides
further details of minimum duct construction standards for classes A, C and E. For duct of
non-welded construction, further details shall be in accordance with recognised standards
such as SMACNA or HVCA Specification for Sheet Metal Ductwork DW144.
Flange details for external/heavy construction ductwork are included in Appendix E of
DEP 37.76.10.10-Gen.
Duct nominal sizes are based on internal dimensions for fabricated rectangular and circular
ducts. Refer to Manufacturer’s information for factory-made spiral-wound ductwork.
Rectangular duct bends shall be medium- or short-radius type with one or more internal
splitter vanes where necessary to obtain suitably low pressure loss. Mitred bends with
short-chord turning vanes shall not be used.
Circular duct bends shall have minimum throat radius of half-diameter and be constructed
in accordance with DW144 Figure 127 or Figure 128.
Supports for external ducts shall be arranged in conjunction with Civil/Structural discipline
to ensure adequacy of the support design, support spacing and their attachment to
structure. External duct supports shall be sufficiently strong and rigid to provide both
vertical and lateral support to deal with duct weight, wind loading, and may also have to
consider blast loading. Proprietary channel systems with bolted/clamped connections may
be used where adequate for smaller duct sizes.
Table A.3 indicates minimum requirements for the duct types referenced in Table A.2.
Stainless steel shall be type UNS S31603, pre-galvanised mild steel sheet shall be in
accordance with BS EN 10346 or equivalent with galvanised coating 275 g/m².
Duct penetrations at fire barriers shall be in accordance with the Certifying Authority or third
party verification body.
A.4.14 EQUIPMENT NAMEPLATES

All maintainable equipment shall be provided with a nameplate made of stainless steel or
engraved laminate material mechanically fixed to the equipment. Letters shall be a
minimum of 3 mm high and of contrasting colour to the background. Nameplates shall
include provision for adding the weight of equipment that has to be weighed after
manufacture.
The following information shall be shown:
a) Equipment tag number
b) Purchase order number

February 2014
Page 48
c) Manufacturer's name, equipment model reference and serial number

d) Year of manufacture
e) Certified weight
f) Air pressure, barg minimum and barg maximum (as applicable)
g) Electrical power requirements, voltage, current, frequency (as applicable)
h) Fire rating (as applicable)
i) Design duty: airflow, pressure, heating, cooling (as applicable)
j) Lubrication instructions: type, quantity and frequency of greasing (as applicable)
k) Hazardous area classification (where applicable) and marks of certification
l) For systems containing refrigerant, type and quantity of refrigerant
A.4.15 LIFTING FACILITIES

HVAC equipment over 25 kg (55 lb) shall include lifting lugs.
A.4.16 EQUIPMENT DELIVERY

Equipment shall be cleaned and then packaged to protect against damage, deterioration,
corrosion and ingress of contamination. The packaging shall also be suitable for the
method of transport and for storage in conditions prevailing at storage location.
A.4.17 SPECIAL TOOLS

The Contractor shall provide all special tools necessary for the installation, operation,
maintenance and dismantling of equipment.


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DEP SPECIFICATION

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING FOR

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

© 2014 Shell Group of companies

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