2.

0 Design of Substructure
2.1 Design of Pier
Section of Pier

A B C A' 1.475 A
0.50 TPL 251.00

1.0
2.500 2.500 2.00

4.50

BPL 249.00
8.00
HFL 249.50
2.75 7.53
2.50
9.23 MSL 243.77

SBL 243.47

1.70 1.70

8.00 8.00 FBL 241.77

This prelimanry section is defined by considering SBL = Stem Bottom Level

hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation FBL = Footing Bottom Level
MSL = Maximum Scour Level
Material Properties
Concrete grade (fck) 25 N/mm²
Steel grade (fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 N/mm²
All
Allowable
bl stress
t of
f steel
t l iin di
directt compression
i S =
Ssc 205 N/
N/mm²
²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 8.33 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 6.25 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10
Neutral axis factor k= 0.258
j= 0.914
The resisting moment coefficient R= 0.982
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1,
IRC 21 2000 303 21 T Table
bl 99,10
10
Levels
High Flood Level 249.50 m
Maximum scour level for pier 243.77 m
Level of deck surface 254.50 m
Thickness of pier cap (overall thickness) 2.00 m
Top level of pier cap (TPL) 251.00 m
1 of 9 Pier_F_open Rui Bridge_Final_ Print
 Top level of footing (SBL) 243.47 m
Thickness of footing/Cap 1.70 m
Bottem level of footing/cap (FBL),( 2m below MSL) 241.77 m
Thickness of bearing+pedestal 0.50 m
Hence the total height of pier H= 9.23 m
Soil data & seismic data
Unit weight of backfill soil  18 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete w_conc 24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient aH 0.150
Vertical seismic coefficient an 0.075
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth  0
Angle of internal friction of soil  32
Angle of friction between soil and wall  21
Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrainL = 7530 mm
Diameter of column D 2500 mm
Effective length
g of column (IRC:21-2000,
( , 306.2.1)) Le = 9036 mm
[ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Impact Total Load Total Load CG of Load
Forces on the Pier at
factor (absolute) (incl. wrt center,
A B C
Point from
(excl. impact) m
superstructure
impact)
Distance from center -2.50 0.00 2.50
Dead Load (kN) 1 2140 00
2140.00 0 00
0.00 2140 00
2140.00 4280 00 8560.00
4280.00 8560 00 0 000
0.000
Live load (kN) 1.098 864.00 0.00 405.00 1155.92 1269.00 -0.993
Forces at bottom of footing
Dead Load
Dead load from superstructure 8560.00 kN
Dead load due to pier cap 1431.00 kN
Dead load of pier stem 651.49 kN
Dead lload of footing 2611.20 k
kN
Total Dead Load 13253.69 kN
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Volume of submerged part of pier = 84.00 m³
Net upward force due to buyoncy = -840.00 kN
Live Load
Live load excluding impact = 1269.00 kN
which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center) -0.993 m
Critical moment due to live load eccentricity -1259.76 kN-m
Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class 70R)
Height of deck surface from the pier cap= 3.50 m
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 12.23 m
Total weight of the IRC Class 70R vehicle = 1000 kN
Therefore braking force = 200 kN

Frictional force due to resistance of bearings

Type of bearings: PoT
CG of 70R load from the support having max. reaction 5.12 m
The bridge is subjected to breaking load at high above bearing level 4.70 m
2 of 9 Pier_F_open Rui Bridge_Final_ Print
 Breaking load ( Fh) 200 kN
Reaction at support having max. reaction (A) 872.0 kN
Reaction at other support (B) 128 kN
Addition force due to support due to braking load + 23.50 kN
Total reaction at support A 848.50 kN
Total reaction at support B 151.50 kN
Dead load reaction at the end suppor B, (free end) 4280.0 kN
µ for pot and ptfe bearings, steel bearings (0.03 or 0.05 whicheve govern 0.03
Horizontal force due to friction (Ff), µ(Rg+Rb) 4.55 kN
At fixed bearing
Horizontal force, greater of the following: (Non Seis,mic) (Seismic)
Full LL No LL
Fh-Ff 195.455 kN 1479.46 1279.46
or 1/2Fh+Ff 104.545 kN 746.545 646.545
So, Horizontal force at the fixed bearing in pier 195.455 kN 1479.46 1279.46
(i) No Seismic Case:
Force on fixed bearings
g 195.455 kN
Force on free bearings 128.4 kN

(ii) Seismic Case:

Seismic force in longitudinal direction due to Dead Load 1284 kN
Braking force 200 kN
Total longitudinal force, Fh 1484 kN
Force on fixed bearings
g 1479.46 kN
Force on free bearings 128.4 kN

Seismic 8924.20 kN-m

Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current 5.73 m
Exposed surface area 22.50 m²
Maximum mean velocity 4 m/sec
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = 5.66 m/sec
Shape factor for square end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = 0.66
Pressure intensity =0.52KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = 10.98
Hence force due to water current = 123.56 kN
Moment due to water current 612.04 kN-m

Horizontal seismic forces:

Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Superstructure: 0.00 9.23 0.00
Pier cap 214.65 8.23 1766.57
Pier stem 97.72 4.47 436.33
ota
Total . 7
312.37 .9
2202.90
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 642.00
Pier cap 107.33
Pier stem 48.86
Total 798.19

3 of 9 Pier_F_open Rui Bridge_Final_ Print

 Loads and Moment Calculation
Load Vertical Horizontal Horizontal Moment Moment
Coefficie load,, P load along
g load about about
Particular nt traffic(Y-Y) across transverse longitudina
(IRC:078- traffic (X- dirn (Y-Y) l dirn(X-X)
2000) X)
Combination I Dry case, Non-seismic, Full LL
Total Dead load 1 13253.69
Live load 1 1269.00 1871.78 1259.76
Tractive/Braking g force 1 195.46 1901.78
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Total 14522.69 195.46 0.00 3773.55 1259.76
Combination II Flooded case, Non-seismic, Full LL
Total Dead load 1 13253.69
Live load 1 1269.00 1871.78 1259.76
Tractive/Braking force 1 195.46 1901.78
Frictional force 0 0 00
0.00 0 00
0.00
Buyoncy 1 -840.00
Water Current 1 123.56 612.04
Total 13682.69 195.46 123.56 3773.55 1871.79
Combination III Dry case, Non-seismic, No LL
Total Dead load 1 13253.69
Live load 0 0.00 0.00
T
Tractive/Braking
ti /B ki f force 0 0.00
0 00 0.00
0 00
Frictional force 1 195.46 1901.78
Total 13253.69 195.46 0.00 1901.78 0.00
Combination IV Flooded case, Non-seismic, No LL
Total Dead load 1 13253.69
Live load 0 0.00 0.00
Tractive/Braking force 0 0.00 0.00
Frictional force 1 195.46 1901.78
Buyoncy 1 -840.00
Water Current 1 123.56 612.04
Total 12413.69 195.46 123.56 1901.78 612.04
Combination V Dry case, Seismic, Full LL
Non seismic forces
Total Dead load 1 13253.69
Live load 1 1269.00 1871.78 1259.76
Tractive/Braking force 1 1479.46 14395.10
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Seismic forces 1 798.19 312.37 312.37 2202.90 2202.90
Total 15320.87 1791.83 312.37 18469.78 3462.66
Combination VI Flooded case, Seismic,Full LL
Total Dead load 1 13253.69
Live load 1 1269.00 1871.78 1259.76
Tractive/Braking force 1 1479.46 14395.10
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Buyoncy 1 -840.00
Water Current 1 123.56 612.04
Seismic forces 1 798.19 312.37 312.37 2202.90 2202.90

4 of 9 Pier_F_open Rui Bridge_Final_ Print

 Total 14480.88 1791.83 435.93 18469.78 4074.70
Combination VII Dry case, Seismic, No LL
Non seismic forces
Total Dead load 1 13253.69
Live load 0 0.00 0.00
Tractive/Braking force 0 0.00 0.00
Frictional force 1 1279.46 12449.10
Seismic forces 1 798.19 312.37 312.37 2202.90 2202.90
Total 14051.87 1591.83 312.37 14652.00 2202.90
Combination VIII Flooded case,, Seismic,No
, LL
Total Dead load 1 13253.69
Live load 0 0.00 0.00
Tractive/Braking force 0 0.00 0.00
Frictional force 1 1279.46 12449.10
Buyoncy 1 -840.00
Water Current 1 123.56 612.04
Seismic forces 1 798.19 312.37 312.37 2202.90 2202.90
Total 13211.88 1591.83 435.93 14652.00 2814.94
Combination IX Dry case, Non-seismic, Full LL (One span collapse condition)
Total Dead load 1 8973.69 6313.00
Live load 1 1269.00 1871.78 1259.76
Tractive/Braking force 1 195.46 1901.78
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Total 10242 69
10242.69 195 46
195.46 0 00
0.00 10086 55
10086.55 1259 76
1259.76
Summary of Load
Horizontal Moment Moment
Horizontal
Vertical load about about
Particulars load along
load, P across transverse longitudina
traffic(Y-Y)
traffic (X- dirn (Y-Y) l dirn(X-X)
Non-seismic cases
Dry (comb. I), Full LL 14522.69 195.46 0.00 3773.55 1259.76
Dry (comb. II), No LL 13253.69 195.46 0.00 1901.78 0.00
Flooded (comb. III),Full LL 13682.69 195.46 123.56 3773.55 1871.79
Flooded (comb. IV),NoLL 12413.69 195.46 123.56 1901.78 612.04
Seismic cases
Dry (comb. V), Full LL 15320.87 1791.83 312.37 18469.78 3462.66
D (comb.
Dry ( b VI)
VI), N
No LL 14051 87
14051.87 1591 83
1591.83 312 37
312.37 14652 00
14652.00 2202 90
2202.90
Flooded (comb. VII),Full LL 14480.88 1791.83 435.93 18469.78 4074.70
Flooded (comb. VIII),NoLL 13211.88 1591.83 435.93 14652.00 2814.94
One span collapse cond. 10242.69 195.46 0.00 10086.55 1259.76
Check for stability and bearing pressure
Factors of safety (IRC:78-2000, 706.3.4) For non seismic For seismic
g
Against g
sliding 1.5 1.25
Frictional coefficient (IRC:78-2000, 706.3.4) (f) = 0.50
Maximum allowable bearing pressure (q) = 385.00 kN/m²
 max = (P/A) + (M/Z)
 min = (P/A) - (M/Z)
where,  max = Maximum base pressure (should not exceed the allowable bearing capacity)
 min = Minimum base pressure (should be > 0, no tension in soil allowed)

5 of 9 Pier_F_open Rui Bridge_Final_ Print

 P= Total vertical load on base
M= Moment at the base
Z= g base = bh² / 6
Section modulus of the footing
A= Area of base
f= Frictional coefficient (IRC:78-2000, 706.3.4)
Section modulus
Along the traffic Zyy = 85.33 m³
Across the traffic Zxx = 85.33 m³
2
Area of base A= 64 m
Stability
St bilit against
i t sliding:
lidi f*(P/H) > f
factor
t off safety
f t
H= Horizontal force at the base
Along Traffic
Condition  max = min = f*(P/H)
Non-seismic cases
Dry (comb. I), Full LL 271.14 Ok 182.70 Ok 37.15 Ok
y (comb.
Dry ( m II),
), No LL 229.38 Ok 184.80 Ok 33.90 Ok
Flooded (comb. III),Full LL 258.01 Ok 169.57 Ok 35.00 Ok
Flooded (comb. IV),NoLL 216.25 Ok 171.68 Ok 31.76 Ok
Seismic cases
Dry (comb. V), Full LL 455.83 Ok 22.95 Ok 4.28 Ok
Dry (comb. VI), No LL 391.26 Ok 47.86 Ok 4.41 Ok
Flooded (comb. VII),Full LL 442.71 Ok 9.82 Ok 4.04 Ok
Flooded (comb. VIII),NoLL 378.14 Ok 34.73 Ok 4.15 Ok
One span collapse cond. 278.24 Ok 41.84 Ok 26.20 Ok
Across Traffic
Condition  max = min = f*(P/H)
Non-seismic cases
Dry (comb. I), Full LL 241.68 Ok 212.15 Ok NA
Dry (comb
(comb. II)
II), No LL 207 09 Ok
207.09 207 09 Ok
207.09 NA
Flooded (comb. III),Full LL 235.73 Ok 191.86 Ok 24.52 Ok
Flooded (comb. IV),NoLL 201.14 Ok 186.79 Ok 22.49 Ok
Seismic cases
Dry (comb. V), Full LL 279.97 Ok 198.81 Ok 24.52 Ok
Dry (comb. VI), No LL 245.38 Ok 193.75 Ok 22.49 Ok
Flooded ((comb. VII),Full
), LL 274.01 Ok 178.51 Ok 16.61 Ok
Flooded (comb. VIII),NoLL 239.42 Ok 173.45 Ok 15.15 Ok
One span collapse cond. 174.80 Ok 145.28 Ok NA

6 of 9 Pier_F_open Rui Bridge_Final_ Print

 Design of Pier Foundation footing section
Diameter of tension bars: Diameter of comp. bars:
Clear cover 75 mm Y-Y : 20 mm 20 mm
X-X : 20 mm 20 mm
Along Traffic Across Traffic

2.8 2.50 2.8 2.8 2.50 2.8

1615 1700 1595

deff
( Depth in mm)

 min A B C C' D A B C C' D

 max

Non -Seismic
 max = 271.14 kN/m²  max = 241.68 kN/m²
 min = 182.70 kN/m² (corres.)  min = 212.15 kN/m²
B= 213.10 kN/m² B= 222.30 kN/m²
C= 240.74 kN/m² C= 231.53 kN/m²
 C' = 258.59 kN/m²  C' = 237.42 kN/m²
Moment at C:
Due to soil pressure 986.92 kN.m 901.06 kN.m
Due to self wt. of slab 154.28 kN.m 154.28 kN.m
Resultant moment = 832.65 kN.m 746.78 kN.m

Shear force at deff distance from C (C'):

Due to soil p
pressure 300.62 kN 276.68 kN
Due to self wt. of slab 46.31 kN 44.21 kN
Resultant Shear = 254.31 kN 232.46 kN

Seismic
 max = 455.83 kN/m²  max = 279.97 kN/m²
 min = 22.95 kN/m² (corres.)  min = 198.81 kN/m²
B= 171.75 kN/m²
kN/m B= 226.71 kN/m²
kN/m
C= 307.03 kN/m² C= 252.07 kN/m²
 C' = 394.42 kN/m²  C' = 268.25 kN/m²
Moment at C:
Due to soil pressure 1536.06 kN.m 1023.46 kN.m
Due to self wt. of slab 154.28 kN.m 154.28 kN.m
Resultant moment = 1381.78 kN.m 869.19 kN.m

Shear force at C:
Due to soil pressure 482.52 kN 316.60 kN
Due to self wt. of slab 46.31 kN 47.12 kN
Resultant Shear = 436.21 kN 269.47 kN

7 of 9 Pier_F_open Rui Bridge_Final_ Print

 Neutral axis factor, Xc= [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] = 0.258
Lever arm, Z= [1-Xc/3] = 0.914
Moment of resistance factor, R= [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] = 0.982
Moment of resistance, Mr=B*Xc*(Scbc/2) * Z
Assuming B = 1 m, Mr = Mr = 981.63 d²
Along Traffic Across Traffic
Equating Mr = M, d (min) = 921.00 mm 872.22 mm
Provided effective d. d_eff = 1615 mm 1595.0 mm
Ok Ok
Area of steel required, Ast=M/(Z*d_eff*Sst)
Y-Y (along the traffic) X-X (across the traffic)
2350.11 mm² 2134.20 mm²

Provide tensile steel Diameter 20 mm (PF1) 20 mm (PF2)

Spacing 130 mm c/c 140 mm c/c
Number 8 nos per meter 8 nos per meter
Total 62 nos. 58 nos.

Compression bars: Diameter 20 mm (PF3) 20 mm (PF4)

Spacing 200 mm c/c 200 mm c/c
Number 5 nos per meter 5 nos per meter
Total 41 nos. 41 nos.
Non- Seismic
Check for shear
Total area of longitudinal bars 2513.27 mm² 2513.27 mm²
Percentage of longitudinal bars 0.16 % 0.16 %
Allowable shear stress 0.20 N/mm² 0.19 N/mm²
Shear stress developed 0.16 N/mm² 0.15 N/mm²
Ok Ok
Shear reinforcement
Residual shear stress
stress, Vus = N/A N N/A N
Diameter 12 mm 12 mm
nos/legs 2 2
Spacing N/A mm N/A mm
Adopt 200 mm c/c 200 mm c/c (PF5)
Seismic
Check for shear
Total area of longitudinal bars 2513.27 mm²
² 2513.27 mm²
²
Percentage of longitudinal bars 0.16 % 0.16 %
Allowable shear stress 0.30 N/mm² 0.29 N/mm²
Shear stress developed 0.27 N/mm² 0.17 N/mm²
Ok Ok
Shear reinforcement
Residual shear stress, Vus = N/A N/A
Diameter 12 12
nos/legs 2 9
Spacing N/A mm N/A mm
Adopt 200 mm c/c 300 mm c/c (PF5)

Total nos 27

8 of 9 Pier_F_open Rui Bridge_Final_ Print

 Check for Punching Shear
Critical diameter for punching stress 4.12 m
Perimeter of critical circle, Lo = 12.93 m
P= 15320.87 kN
Punching stress developed = tau_p = P/(Lo*D) tau_p = 0.73 N/mm²
Allowable Punching shear = 0.16*SQRT(fck) 0.80 N/mm² Ok
IRC:21-2000, 307.2.5.5

Shear reinforcement
Provide nominal reinforcement
reinforcement.
Providing 12 mm dia bars-8 legged @ spacing of 300 mm

Summary of reinforcement of Pier foundation

Along Traffic

Ø 20 @ 200c/c PF4 Ø 20 @ 200c/c PF3

Ø 12 @ 5 Nos. all sides (PF6 & PF7)

Ø 20 @ 130c/c PF1 Ø 20 @ 140c/c PF2
Ø 12- 8 Legged @ 300c/c PF5

9 of 9 Pier_F_open Rui Bridge_Final_ Print