Example Calculation of Effective Section Properties For A Cold Formed Lipped Channel Section in Bending PDF

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending
CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX022a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 8

Title Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a
cold-formed lipped channel section in bending
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-3
Made by V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff Date Dec 2005
Checked by D. Dubina Date Dec 2005
Example: Calculation of effective section

properties for a cold-formed lipped channel
section in bending
This example deals with the effective properties calculation of a cold-
formed lipped channel section subjected to bending about its major axis.
For practical design of light gauge sections to EN1993, designers will normally use software
or refer to manufacturers’ data. This example is presented for illustrative purposes
Basic Data
The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:

Total height h = 200 mm
Total width of flange in compression b1 = 74 mm
Total width of flange in tension b2 = 66 mm
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
Total width of edge fold c = 20,8 mm

Internal radius r = 3 mm
Nominal thickness t nom = 2 mm
EN1993-1-3
Steel core thickness t = 1,96 mm § 3.2.4(3)
Basic yield strength f yb = 350 N mm 2
Modulus of elasticity E = 210000 N mm2
EN1993-1-3
Poisson’s ratio ν = 0,3 § 2(3)
Partial factor γ M0 = 1,00
The dimensions of the section centre line are:
Web height hp = h − t nom = 200 − 2 = 198 mm
Width of flange in compression bp1 = b1 − t nom = 74 − 2 = 72 mm

Created on Monday, October 25, 2010
Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 − t nom = 66 − 2 = 64 mm


Width of edge fold cp = c − t nom 2 = 20,8 − 2 2 = 19,8 mm
Checking of geometrical proportions
The design method of EN1993-1-3 can be applied if the following conditions EN1993-1-3
are satisfied: § 5.2
b t ≤ 60 b1 t = 74 1,96 = 37,75 < 60 – OK
c t ≤ 50 c t = 20,8 1,96 = 10,61 < 50 – OK
h t ≤ 500 h t = 200 1,96 = 102,04 < 500 – OK
In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the

stiffener itself, the size of stiffener should be within the following range:
0,2 ≤ c b ≤ 0,6 c b1 = 20,8 74 = 0,28 0,2 < 0,28 < 0,6 – OK
c b2 = 20,8 66 = 0,32 0,2 < 0,32 < 0,6 – OK
The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if: EN1993-1-3

§ 5.1(3)
r t≤5 r t = 3 1,96 = 1,53 < 5 – OK
r bp ≤ 0,10 r bp1 = 3 72 = 0,04 < 0,10 – OK
r bp 2 = 3 64 = 0,05 < 0,10 – OK
Gross section properties
Abr = t (2cp + bp1 + bp2 + hp ) = 1,96 × (2 × 19,8 + 72 + 64 + 198 ) = 732 mm 2
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in compression:
z b1 =
[c (h
p p − cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + hp2 2 + cp2 2 t ] = 96,88 mm
Abr

Effective section properties of the flange and lip in compression
The general (iterative) procedure is applied to calculate the effective EN1993-1-3

properties of the compressed flange and the lip (plane element with edge § 5.5.3.2
stiffener). The calculation should be carried out in three steps:
Step 1:
Obtain an initial effective cross-section for the stiffener using effective widths EN1993-1-3
of the flange determined by assuming that the compressed flange is doubly § 5.5.3.2 (3)
supported, the stiffener gives full restraint ( K = ∞ ) and that design strength is
not reduced ( σ com,Ed = f yb / γ M 0 ).
Effective width of the compressed flange
The stress ratio: ψ = 1 (uniform compression), so EN1993-1-3

§ 5.5.2
the buckling factor is: kσ = 4 for internal compression element.

and
ε = 235 f yb EN1993-1-5
§ 4.4
The relative slenderness:
bp1 t 72 1,96
λp,b = = = 0,789
28,4 ε k σ 28,4 × 235 350 × 4
The width reduction factor is:
λp,b − 0,055(3 + ψ ) 0,789 − 0,055 × (3 + 1)

ρ= = = 0,914
λp,b 2 0,789 2
The effective width is:

beff = ρ bp1 = 0 ,914 × 72 = 65,8 mm
be1 = be2 = 0,5beff = 0,5 × 65,8 = 32,9 mm


Effective width of the edge fold

The buckling factor is:
EN1993-1-3
if bp, c bp1 ≤ 0,35 : kσ = 0,5 § 5.5.3.2 (5a)
kσ = 0,5 + 0,83 3 (bp, c bp1 − 0,35)

2
if 0,35 < bp, c bp1 ≤ 0,6 :
bp, c bp1 = 19,8 72 = 0,275 < 0,35 so kσ = 0,5
The relative slenderness: EN1993-1-5

§ 4.4
cp t 19,8 1,96
λp,c = = = 0,614
28,4 ε kσ 28,4 × 235 350 × 0,5

λp,c − 0,188 0,614 − 0,188

ρ= = = 1,13
λp,c 2 0,614 2
but ρ ≤ 1 so ρ =1
The effective width is: EN1993-1-3

§ 5.5.3.2 (5a)
ceff = ρ cp = 1 × 19,8 = 19,8 mm
Effective area of the edge stiffener:

§ 5.5.3.2 (6)
( ) (
As = t be2 + ceff = 1,96 × 32,9 + 19,8 = 103,3 mm) 2
Step 2:
Use the initial effective cross-section of the stiffener to determine the EN1993-1-3
reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring restraint. § 5.5.3.2 (3)
The elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is EN1993-1-3
§ 5.5.3.2 (7)
2 K E Is
σ cr ,s =
As
where:

K is the spring stiffness per unit length: EN1993-1-3

§ 5.5.3.1(5)
E t3 1
K= ⋅ 2
4(1 − ν ) b1 hp + b1 + 0,5 b1 b2 hp kf
2 3
with:
b1 – distance from the web to the centre of the effective area of the stiffener in
compression (upper flange)
be2t be2 2 32,9 × 1,96 × 32,9 2

b1 = bp1 − = 72 − = 61,73 mm
(be2 + ceff )t (32,9 + 19,8) × 1,96
kf = 0 for bending about the y-y axis
K = 0,439 N mm
I s is the effective second moment of area of the stiffener:
2 2
3
be2 t 3 ceff t ⎡ ceff 2 ⎤ ⎡ ceff ceff
2
⎤
Is = + + be2 t ⎢ ⎥ + ceff t ⎢ − ⎥
12 12 ⎣ 2(be2 + ceff ) ⎦ ⎣ 2 2(be2 + ceff )⎦
I s = 3663 mm 4
so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is
2 × 0,439 × 210000 × 3663

σ cr,s = = 355,78 N mm 2
103,3

Thickness reduction factor χd for the edge stiffener EN1993-1-3

§ 5.5.3.2 (3)
Figure 5.10d
λd = f yb σ cr,s = 350 355,78 = 0,992
The reduction factor will be: EN1993-1-3

§ 5.5.3.1 (7)
if λd ≤ 0,65 χ d = 1,0
if 0,65 < λd < 1,38 χ d = 1,47 − 0,723 λd

EN1993-1-5
if λd ≥ 1,38 χ d = 0,66 λd § 4.4 (2)
0,65 < λd = 0,992 < 1,38 so χ d = 1,47 − 0,723 × 0,992 = 0,753

Step 3: EN1993-1-3
§ 5.5.3.2 (3)
As the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener is χd < 1, iterate to refine
the value of the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener. Figure 5.10e
The iterations are carried out based on modified values of ρ obtained using:
σ com, Ed, i = χ d f yb γ M0 and λp, red = λp χ d EN1993-1-3

§ 5.5.3.2 (10)
The iteration stops when the reduction factor χ converges.
Initial values (iteration 1): Final values (iteration n):
χ d = 0,753 χ d = χ d, n = 0,737
be2 = 32,9 mm be2 = be2, n = 35,9 mm
ceff = 19,8 mm ceff = ceff, n = 19,8 mm
Final values of effective properties for flange and lip in compression are:
χd = 0,737 be2 = 35,9 mm ceff = 19,8 mm

and be1 = 32,9 mm


tred = tχ d = 1,96 × 0,737 = 1,44 mm EN1993-1-3

§ 5.5.3.2 (12)
Effective section properties of the web
The position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:
cp (hp − cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + hp 2 + ceff χ d 2

2 2
hc = hc = 101,6 mm
cp + bp2 + hp + be1 + (be2 + ceff )χ d
The stress ratio:
hc − hp 101,6 − 198
ψ= = = −0,949
hc 101,6
The buckling factor: kσ = 7,81 − 6,29ψ + 9,78ψ 2 kσ = 22,58 EN1993-1-5

§ 4.4
(Table 4.1)
hp t 198 1,96
λp, h = = = 0,914
28,4 ε kσ 28,4 × 235 350 × 22,58

λp, h − 0,055(3 + ψ ) 0,914 − 0,055 × (3 − 0,949)

ρ= = = 0,959
λp, h 2 0,9142

The effective width of the zone in compression of the web is:
heff = ρ hc = 0,959 × 101,6 = 97,5 mm
Near the flange in compression:
he1 = 0,4heff = 0,4 × 97,5 = 39 mm
Near the neutral axis:
he2 = 0,6heff = 0,6 × 97,5 = 58,5 mm
The effective width of the web is:
Near the flange in compression:
h1 = he1 = 39 mm
Near the flange in tension:
h2 = hp − (hc − he2 ) = 198 − (101,6 − 58,5) = 154,9 mm
Effective section properties
Effective cross-section area:
Aeff = t[cp + bp 2 + h1 + h2 + be1 + (be 2 + ceff ) χ d ]
Aeff = 1,96 × [19,8 + 64 + 39 + 154,9 + 32,9 + (35,9 + 19,8) × 0,737]
Aeff = 689,2 mm 2
Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:
zc =
[
t cp (hp − cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + h2 (hp − h2 2 ) + h1 2 + ceff χ d 2
2 2
]
Aeff
zc = 102,3 mm
b
E x a m p l e : C a l c u l a t
g
o
i

t

r

c

y
Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in tension:

O
p
z t = hp − z c = 198 − 102,3 = 95,7 mm

o
,
c
y
a
s
d
i
n
Second moment of area:

o
l
3 3
3 3
h1 t h2 t bp2t cp t be1t 3 be2 ( χ d t )3 ceff 3 ( χ d t )
I eff,y = + + + + + + +
M
a
12 12 12 12 12 12 12
2
+ cp t ( z t − cp 2) 2 + bp 2tz t + h2t ( z t − h2 2) 2 + h1t ( zc − h1 2) 2 +
i
+ be1t zc + be2 ( χ d t ) zc + ceff ( χ d t )( zc − ceff 2) 2

2 2
n
r
I eff, y = 4140000 mm 4
o
e
Effective section modulus:
- with regard to the flange in compression

t
I eff,y 4140000
Weff,y,c = = = 40460 mm3
d
a
zc 102,3
- with regard to the flange in tension

e
m
I eff, y 4140000
Weff,y,t = = = 43260 mm3
t
zt 95,7
a
s
e
i
h
r
C
T
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped

channel section in bending
SX022a-EN-EU.doc
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed

lipped channel section in bending
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff BRITT Ltd. Timisoara, 05/12/2005

Romania
Technical content checked by D. Dubina BRITT Ltd. Timisoara, 08/12/2005

Romania
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
1. UK G W Owens SCI 12/4/06
2. France A Bureau CTICM 12/4/06
3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 11/4/06
4. Germany C Müller RWTH 11/4/06
5. Spain J Chica Labein 12/4/06
Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 23/08/06

Coordinator
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
This Translation made and checked by:
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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX022a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 8

Example: Calculation of effective section

The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:

Total width of edge fold c = 20,8 mm

The dimensions of the section centre line are:

Web height hp = h − t nom = 200 − 2 = 198 mm

Width of flange in compression bp1 = b1 − t nom = 74 − 2 = 72 mm

Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 − t nom = 66 − 2 = 64 mm

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX022a-EN-EU Sheet 2 of 8

Width of edge fold cp = c − t nom 2 = 20,8 − 2 2 = 19,8 mm

Checking of geometrical proportions

b t ≤ 60 b1 t = 74 1,96 = 37,75 < 60 – OK

c t ≤ 50 c t = 20,8 1,96 = 10,61 < 50 – OK

h t ≤ 500 h t = 200 1,96 = 102,04 < 500 – OK

In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the

0,2 ≤ c b ≤ 0,6 c b1 = 20,8 74 = 0,28 0,2 < 0,28 < 0,6 – OK

c b2 = 20,8 66 = 0,32 0,2 < 0,32 < 0,6 – OK

The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if: EN1993-1-3

r bp ≤ 0,10 r bp1 = 3 72 = 0,04 < 0,10 – OK

r bp 2 = 3 64 = 0,05 < 0,10 – OK

Gross section properties

Abr = t (2cp + bp1 + bp2 + hp ) = 1,96 × (2 × 19,8 + 72 + 64 + 198 ) = 732 mm 2

Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in compression:

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX022a-EN-EU Sheet 3 of 8

Effective section properties of the flange and lip in compression

The general (iterative) procedure is applied to calculate the effective EN1993-1-3

Effective width of the compressed flange

The stress ratio: ψ = 1 (uniform compression), so EN1993-1-3

the buckling factor is: kσ = 4 for internal compression element.

The width reduction factor is:

λp,b − 0,055(3 + ψ ) 0,789 − 0,055 × (3 + 1)

The effective width is:

be1 = be2 = 0,5beff = 0,5 × 65,8 = 32,9 mm

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX022a-EN-EU Sheet 4 of 8

Effective width of the edge fold

kσ = 0,5 + 0,83 3 (bp, c bp1 − 0,35)

bp, c bp1 = 19,8 72 = 0,275 < 0,35 so kσ = 0,5

The relative slenderness: EN1993-1-5

The width reduction factor is:

λp,c − 0,188 0,614 − 0,188

The effective width is: EN1993-1-3

Effective area of the edge stiffener:

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX022a-EN-EU Sheet 5 of 8

K is the spring stiffness per unit length: EN1993-1-3

be2t be2 2 32,9 × 1,96 × 32,9 2

kf = 0 for bending about the y-y axis

I s is the effective second moment of area of the stiffener:

2 × 0,439 × 210000 × 3663

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX022a-EN-EU Sheet 6 of 8

Thickness reduction factor χd for the edge stiffener EN1993-1-3

The reduction factor will be: EN1993-1-3

if 0,65 < λd < 1,38 χ d = 1,47 − 0,723 λd

0,65 < λd = 0,992 < 1,38 so χ d = 1,47 − 0,723 × 0,992 = 0,753

σ com, Ed, i = χ d f yb γ M0 and λp, red = λp χ d EN1993-1-3

Initial values (iteration 1): Final values (iteration n):

be2 = 32,9 mm be2 = be2, n = 35,9 mm

ceff = 19,8 mm ceff = ceff, n = 19,8 mm

χd = 0,737 be2 = 35,9 mm ceff = 19,8 mm

and be1 = 32,9 mm

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX022a-EN-EU Sheet 7 of 8

tred = tχ d = 1,96 × 0,737 = 1,44 mm EN1993-1-3

Effective section properties of the web