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 (33)     _ 

    
 
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2011 (2)  (33)     _ 

    
 
Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (33) No. (2) 2011

A study of characteristics and traits of Table Egg

consumed by human in Syrian commercial markets

Dr . Fahim Abdul-Aziz*
Dr. Ali Nisafi*

(Received 11 / 11 / 2010. Accepted 9 / 5 /2011 )

∇ ABSTRACT ∇
After the examination of 9000 eggs, the percentages of shell shape deformation,
shell feces contamination, Gross cracks, shell hairline cracks ,mottled were 7%, 30%, 4%,
2%, 2% respectively. Depending on the weight results criteria's, the proportions of
excellent grad were 8%, very good grad 32%, the first class 35%, the second class 25%
and the third class 5%. Due to the Saline water flotation method the egg's age was
estimated 1-2d. 55%, 3d. in 30%, 4d. in 9% and more than 4d. in 6% of in markets layout
egg's samples. 23% of samples were classified as excellent grad, 62% as 1.class, 13% as
2.class and 2% as 3.class according to the air space measurement. Yolk coefficient values
rotated between (0,45-0,50) in 62%, between (0,40-0,45) in 25%, between (0,30-0,40) in
11% and less than 0,30% in 2% of tested samples. The proportion of fresh egg (first class)
mounted 77%, fresh egg (second class) 21% and no fresh 2% depending on Hough Units.
It was found about 43,5% of tested eggs were different from the European
specifications, which made those eggs inconsumable.

Keywords: Consumption eggs, Egg quality, Gross cracks egg, Fresh egg laying, Grading
of eggs.

*
Professor; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Syria.

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‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫
‪ '
 E‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫
‪!; '
 E‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫
‪% 8‬‬

‫‪80‬‬
‫نتائج تقدير العمر بطريقة التعويم في المحلول الملحي‬
‫‪70‬‬

‫‪60‬‬

‫‪50‬‬
‫محالت الجملة‬
‫محالت المفرق‬ ‫‪40‬‬

‫األطراف‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪ 5-6‬يوم‬ ‫‪ 4‬يوم‬ ‫‪ 3‬يوم‬ ‫‪ 1-2‬يوم‬

‫>> ‪ ;> D+ 

+ ( +) *>  ; A
-  (5) 4‬‬

‫ ‪:$‬‬
‫‪ .
 @
4 A
-‬‬
‫  ‪
 ( 5, 
   
,: . K' <= 5,  0 /  % (.‬‬
‫‪= 881
 (6) = (.  G
 
 .&8 .( ((  ) #
  
   8‬‬
‫)‪.(6‬‬
‫ ‪$  .
J F
 
-+ *>  (6) 3‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
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‪Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2011 (2) (( (33) ( .
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3 
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‫‪)4 +1‬‬ ‫‪2 +1‬‬

‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪- +1‬‬ ‫

&‬ ‫‪.&8‬‬

‫‪
9 3
4-‬‬ ‫‪
9-6 K'H‬‬ ‫‪
6-3 K'H‬‬ ‫‪
3 K'H‬‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫
‪
. E‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫
‪ '
 E‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫
‪!; '
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫
‪% 8‬‬

‫درجة طزاجة عينات البيض تبعا ً الرتفاع الحجرة الھوائية‬ ‫‪80‬‬

‫‪70‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫محالت الجملة‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫محالت المفرق‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫األطراف‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫أكثر من ‪ 9‬مم‬ ‫االرتفاع ‪ 3-6‬مم االرتفاع ‪ 6-9‬مم‬ ‫االرتفاع ‪3‬مم‬
‫نخب ثالث‬ ‫نخب ثاني‬ ‫نخب أول‬ ‫ممتازة‬
‫>> ‪$  .
 I  *>  (6) 4‬‬

‫‪:
  3
 I
 A
-‬‬
‫‪+  <= 6O '; 

+ 5,  0 1
    .&8 (. .( ( 3‬‬
‫'‪3; (7) = 881
 (7) (. 8
  
 0 - 
Y N8= $L 
Y &
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‫)‪(6,5‬‬
‫ ‪
  3
 F
  *> (7) 3‬‬
‫ ‪0,30‬‬ ‫‪0,35>0,403‬‬ ‫‪0,40>0,45 3‬‬ ‫‪0,45>0,50 3‬‬ ‫‪.&8‬‬
‫‪.&8 A‬‬ ‫(‪ 4 .‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫

&‬ ‫  ‪%‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫
‪
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬ ‫
‪ '
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫
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‪% 8‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫‪; #&& (%‬‬ ‫(
;' ‪ .   6 ?E:E /
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 / 1‬‬

‫‪70‬‬
‫طزاجة البيض تبعا ً لمعامل الصفار‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫محالت الجملة‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫محالت المفرق‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫األطراف‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫غيرطازجة‬ ‫درجة ثانية‬ ‫قياسية‬ ‫ممتازة‬
‫بين ‪30-0,25‬‬ ‫بين‪-0,40‬‬ ‫بين ‪-0,45‬‬ ‫بين ‪-0,50‬‬
‫‪0,35‬‬ ‫‪0,40‬‬ ‫‪0,45‬‬

‫>> ‪
  3

  *>   (7) 4‬‬

‫‪=+
 @
; B ! %> '( .B‬‬
‫ 
 )‪.B 
  3) $E (5،6‬‬

‫‪:K
<   4  ; A
-‬‬
‫( ‪.(8) = 881
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Y / K' +‬‬

‫ ‪K
<   ; F
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‫‪@&8 A‬‬ ‫(‪ 4 .‬‬ ‫(‪$- .‬‬ ‫‪.&8‬‬
‫‪30>40 3‬‬ ‫‪70>50 3‬‬ ‫‪100>80 3‬‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬ ‫
‪
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬ ‫
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‪% 8‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
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‫طزاجة البيض تبعا ً لقيم وحدت‬ ‫‪90‬‬

‫ھاوف‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫درجة أولى بين ‪100-80‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫درجة ثانية بين ‪70-50‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫غير طازج بين ‪30-40‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫األطراف‬ ‫محالت‬ ‫محالت‬
‫المفرق‬ ‫الجملة‬

‫>> )‪K
<   ; F
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‫‪ # '(  * KE LM  A

-‬‬
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‫‪21‬‬
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(9) (.  :M 6O [14] :
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  +-
  (9) 3 
Factor Grad AA or A Grade B Dirty
Stain Must be clean Slight stains Prominent stains
May show small specks,stains Moderate stains Moderate stains
or cage marks that do not Moderate stains Localized
detract from general Localized (single) (single)
appearance of the egg 1/32 of shell‹ 1/32 of shell‹
May show traces of processing oil Scattered(2 or more) Scattered
1/16 of shell‹ 1/16 of shell‹
Adhering None None Adhering dirt or
dirt or Foreign material
Foreign
material
Egg shape Approximately the usual elliptical Unusual or decidedly
shape misshapen
(very long or distorted)
Shell May have rough areas and small Extremely rough areas
texture calcium deposits that don’t that may be faulty in
materially affect shape or strength soundness and strength
May have large calcium
deposits
Ridges May have slight ridges that don’t May have pronounced
materially affect shape or strength ridges

Shell Must be free from thin spots May show pronounced

thickness thin spots

+ (. '1

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22
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3C (9,8,7) ; :M- 

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. %8
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.388 >379
2- VECENIN F.E, TARDATIAN G, A, Poultry industrial. Agropromizdat, Moscow.
(1985).
3- BOARD, R.G; TRANTER, H.S., In Egg Science and Technology. Editors W. J.
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Publ. No. 446 Ont Agric. Coll. Guelph, Ontario, Canada. (1961).
5- JETENKO, P.V, Veterinary Health Animal production. agropromizdat Moscow.
(1989).
6- SILVERSIDES FG, CHENG KM, SINGH R., Production performance and egg
quality of four strains of laying hens kept in conventional cages and floor pens. Poult
Scie. Feb; 88 (2), (2009), 256-64.

24
Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2011 (2) (( (33) ( .
 .  
3 
.  .

7- ENGBERG RM, HAMMERSHOJ M, JOHNSEN NF, ABOUSEKKEN MS,

STEENFELDET S, JENSEN BB., Fermented feed for laying hens: effects on egg
production, egg quality, plumage condition and composition and activity of the
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and egg quality of blue-shelled layers as affected by different housing systems, Poult
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from two lines of hens. Poult Sci, Aug; 80 (8), (2001), 1240-5.
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quality. Poult Sci. Dec; 79 (12) (2000),1725-9.
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Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/PS/PS02000.PDF.
.625 #(1992) .%&   > +  
. .
. %8
 .3.( + .3A (
- #6(A 915
.
. %8
 .3.( + . % (

3 #6E. .$%,3 . ! (% # 8- 916
.415 #(1993) .%&   – 
( 
.
17- CELIANSKI, V. M,: Poultry Anatomy and Physiology. Agropromizdat. Moscow.
(1986).
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and egg quality of hens supplemented with sodium bicarbonate during the late laying
period. Int. J. Poult. Sci,(2004), 3: 272-278.
21- OKEUDO, N. J.; C. I. ONWUCHEKWA, and I. C. OKOLI, Effect of oil treatment
and length of storage on the internal quality, organoleptic attributes and microbial
profile of chicken eggs. Tropical Anim. Prod. Investigations,(2003), 6: 63-70.
22- SILVERSIDES, F. G.; T. A. SCOTT.; D. R. KORVER,; M. AFSHARMANESH, and
M. HRUBY, A study on the interaction of xylanase and phytase enzymes in wheat-
based diets fed to commercial white and brown egg laying hens. Poult. Sci, (2006), 85:
297-305.
23- TACTACAN G. B.; GUENTER, W; LEWIS, N. J.; RODRIGUEZ-LECOMPTE J. C.;
HOUSE, J. D., Performance and welfare of laying hens in conventional and enriched
cages, Poult Sci.(2009). 88: 698-707.
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associated with poultry coccidiosis in Abak agricultural zone of Akwa Ibom state,
Nigeria. Int. J. Poult. Sci. (2004), 3: 135-139.

25
; #&& (%  .   6 ?E:E /
 (,
 / 1 ';
(

25- MERTENS, K.; BAMELIS,F.; KEMPS, B; KAMERS, B.; VERHOELST, E.; DE

KETELAERE, B.; BAIN, M.; DECUYPERE, E. and DE BAERDEMAEKER, J.,
Monitoring of Eggshell Breakage and Eggshell Strength in Different Production
Chains of Consumption Eggs, Poult Sci 85, (2006), 1670-1677.
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Age on Egg Quality in Free-Range Layer Hens, Journal of Animal and Veterinary
Advances Vol. 8, (2009), 1953 – 1958.
27- O. K. CHUKWUKA.; I.C. OKOLI.; N.J. OKEUDO.; A.B.I, UDEDIBI.; I.P
OGBUENU.; N. O. ALADI.; O. O. M. IHESHIULOR, and A. A. OMEDE, Egg
quality defects in poultry management and food safety. Asian J. Agric. Res., October
11, (2010) 5: 1-16.

26