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Métodos de captura y bienestar del pollo de

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Technical Report · June 2015

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 Rocío López-Zarate
Maestría en Ciencias
Agropecuarias, Bienestar Animal: Aves.
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM).
Luís de la Cruz-Cruz
Posgrado en Ciencias de la
Producción y Salud Animal,
FMVZ-UNAM.
Patricia Roldan-Santiago
Programa de Bienestar Animal.
Licenciatura en MVZ.
UVM-Coyoacán. México.
Renán Medina Domenzaín
Profesor Módulo Aves.
Departamento Producción
Agrícola y Animal. UAM-X.
Martín Medina-Vara
Posgrado en Ciencias de la
Producción y Salud Animal,
FMVZ-UNAM.
Director General de Rastros de Aves.
Estado de México.
Daniel Mota-Rojas
Fisiopatología del Estrés y Bienestar de los
Animales Domésticos,
UAM, México.
Correo: dmota100@yahoo.com.mx
! BMEDITORES.MX | JUNIO-JULIO 2015
!
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 MÉTODOS DE
CAPTURA EN POLLO DE
ENGORDA:
Rentabilidad o Bienestar Animal

BMEDITORES.MX | JUNIO-JULIO 2015 !

 Figuras 1 y 2. La captura tradicional consiste
en sujetar a las aves por uno o ambos tarsos,
o por la base de las alas, una desventaja de
este método es que los pollos son cargados en
posición invertida, favoreciendo el proceso de
estrés e incrementando las lesiones.

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MÉTODOS DE CAPTURA:
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)/*.'&$0')*-C*%$&'D*E$'(&#('!"#$%$F'(0'"&#('&('+,(%(0'
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!"$3+)&3"$.($!+#$#"-+#$"13(+#$,*-3(5(*)"*.+$!"$5+3)"!,H
.".8$I.(54#0$;+7$(*$.G"$!+#$)3"2"%".+3(#$.(2(*$3("!,H
J"3$(#)"#$/34-),-"#$-+*$3"/,.(J0$3("!,J"*.+$&*$5"*(%+$
23&#-+$.($!"#$"'(#$"&*".+$"$!"$/(:&(B"$"2(3)&3"$.($
!"#$%"&!"#$>K*+L!(#$7$M3++50$?@@NO$P3(6+37$7$I&#),*0$
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&*"$,*-,.(*-,"$.(!$QNHQFV$"$-"&#"$.($!"$-"/)&3"8$W+3$
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7$?N8Q?V$.($-+*)&#,+*(#$(*$!"#$-"*"!(#$.($"'(#$/3+'(H
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Figura 3. Durante el método de captura manual,
se pueden generar dislocaciones en la articula-
ción húmero-radial-cúbito.
X*$&*$(#)&.,+$3("!,J".+$/+3$Y&#,!+'4$!"#$%&$>QN?DA0$
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)"*$"!$.+3#+$7$!"$/&*)"$.($!"#$"!"#$#($/3+.&-(*$"!$,*)3+H
.&-,3$"$!"#$"'(#$-+*$23&#:&(.".$"$!"#$%"&!"#$+$"!$-(33"3$
 Figuras 4 y 5. Las fracturas de huesos largos
son causadas por golpes, amontonamientos y
elevada densidad de carga y, se distinguen por
presencia de hemorragias visibles.

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EL MÉTODO BRASILEÑO O “EN BOLA”
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BMEDITORES.MX | JUNIO-JULIO 2015 !"

 Figuras 6 y 7. La aparición de lesiones en piel
o “rayado en la canal” (lesiones menos defini-
das y extensas como arañazos) en el dorso o a
la altura de la articulación coxofemoral pueden
asociarse al mal manejo de los operarios o al
mal estado de las condiciones de las jaulas.

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,$"+)+"%33$7+/%+%"$.%)$%aF@=L%C%$/%3+"%,$"+)+"%aF@>F@%^-0% I7%)$%,$"(%<J=;JK%+9$"A8%$"#$%"0"#$&+%,-$)$%*+,#-.+.%
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$&,3$+)("%*(/%-/%*("#(%&+C(.%)$%+3.$)$)(.%)$3%F=b@% 6+*$%C+%&-*6("%+R("%"$%6+/%*(&,+.+)(%3("%&'#()("%

!" BMEDITORES.MX | JUNIO-JULIO 2015

Figura 8. Los hematomas son las principales
lesiones que se observan en las canales. Éstas,
generalmente se producen en las últimas 12h
de vida del pollo y se encuentran asociados al
cierre brusco de las jaulas o al erróneo manejo
durante el transporte.

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*"!,$,4+#!"#5)"$("+$,%#$%)!,%$%#67(+$%+#!"#$%&89:;<=8#
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/")#*"+./#"/')"/%+'"#0%#?("#1%/#*A?(,+%/#!,/*,+(B
0"+#"1#',"*&.#!"#$.+'%$'.#5C/,$.#!"#1%/#%2"/#$.+#1./#
D(*%+./8#%!"*A/#/"#*%+"@%+#"+#&./,$,4+#2")',$%1#0#
/"#*("2"+#/(%2"*"+'"#6E,--,")BFD%G'.+#!"#$%&8#HII<=J#
K1).*#6HIII=#*"+$,.+%#?("#"+#%*L./#*3'.!./#/"#
"1"2%#1%#5)"$("+$,%#$%)!,%$%8#/41.#?("#"+#1%#$%&'()%#
*"$A+,$%#/"#)""/'%L1"$"#*A/#)A&,!%*"+'"#?("#"+#1%#
*%+(%18#$.*.#$.+/"$("+$,%#!"#"/'"#*%+"@.#D%L)A#
(+#*"+.)#,+$,!"+$,%#!"#1"/,.+"/J

Figura 9. El hematoma en pigostilo está relacio-

nado con el peso de las aves, a mayor peso se
incrementa la incidencia de este tipo de lesión.

BMEDITORES.MX | JUNIO-JULIO 2015 !"


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+!#(,%9%N.#&."#,!+*'-+%&#:S$,.23#KLLL=<#U.,#.(,.#$%+.3#
!8-&(!"#-"0!&(-/%'-."!&#!"#$%&#5*!#&!#2!"'-."%#5*!#!$#*&.#
+!#(!'".$./1%&#2!';"-'%&#)%,%#$%#'%)(*,%#+!#$.&#).$$.&#
)*!+!#$$!/%,#%#&!,#*"#!&(,!&.,#).(!"'-%$#:_-'.$#4#a'.(3#
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5*!#$%#),!&!"'-%#+!#$%#2%5*-"%,-%#2;&#$.&#(,%9%N%+.,!&#
!" BMEDITORES.MX | JUNIO-JULIO 2015
Figura 10. Los hematomas pueden abarcar
desde coloraciones rojizas hasta verdes-mora-
das, dependiendo de cuando se dio el evento.
Cuando éstas aparecen en piernas, sugieren un
mal manejo ante-mortem durante la captura,
así como la manipulación excesiva de aves por
un mismo operario.
!"#$%&#'%&!(%&#)*!+!"#'%*&%,#,!%''-."!&#"!/%(-0%&#).,#
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+%+!&#!8'!&-0%&3#'."#!$#B-"#+!#),!0!"-,#!&(,R&#4#$!&-."!&<#
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FACTORES A CONSIDERAR
DURANTE LA CAPTURA
U%,%#$%#!0%$*%'-O"#+!#'*%$5*-!,#2R(.+.#+!#'%)(*,%#!"#!$#
).$$.#+!#!"/.,+%3#&!#+!9!#(.2%,#!"#'*!"(%#$.#&-/*-!"(!V#
1. ILUMINACIÓN. W%#'%)(*,%#&!#+!9!#,!%$-6%,#+*,%"(!#
!$#D.,%,-.#".'(*,".#.#'."#$*'!&#+!#'.$.,#,.N.3#0!,+!#
.#%6*$3#4%#5*!#$%&#%0!&#&!#!"'*!"(,%"#!"#,!).&.#4#
(,%"5*-$-+%+3#B%'-$-(%"+.#&*#!"N%*$!<#
2. TEMPERATURA.#T!9!#.&'-$%,#!"#*".&#KXQ#KYZ[#
)%,%#!0-(%,#!&(,R&#).,#'%$.,#4#)%,%#!0-(%,#$%#%'*2*Q
$%'-O"#+!#'%$.,#+!"(,.#+!#$%#"%0!<
3. INSTALACIONES. \%"(.#!"#!$#(-).#+!#'%)(*,%#
2%"*%$#'.2.#2!';"-'%3#&!#),!B-!,!"#'%&!(%&#'."#
0%,-%&#)*!,(%&#)%,%#5*!#!$#(-!2).#+!#(,%&$%+.#+!#

()+#B)%()+#!"#()#&)+"/)#)(#&)-'9*#+")#3$"=":#C)$)#()#
&)7/%$)#-"&E*'&)#+"#7$"5'"$"*#'*+/)()&',*"+#1$)*!"+#
4#"+7)&',+)+0#7)$)#6%"#()+#-E6%'*)+#7%"!)*#7)+)$:#
C)$)#"(#%+,#!"#"+/,+#"6%'7,+#"+#'-7,$/)*/"#)('*")$#
(,+#7)+'((,+#&,*#$"+7"&/,#)#()#)3"$/%$)#!"#()#B)%()#
7)$)#'-7"!'$#6%"#()+#)="+#+"#!)2"*:
4. TIPO DE CAPTURA.#;"1F*#"(#7$,1$)-)#!"#&)$1)#
)#"+&,1"$0#%*#/$)3)B)!,$#!"3"$E#+,+/"*"$#7,$#()+#
!,+#7)/)+#?.%"+,#/)$+,<#-"/)/)$+,@0#*%*&)#7,$#(,+#
-%+(,+#4#"='/)$#"(#5,$&"B",#,#)("/",:#
5. NÚMERO DE ANIMALES#6%"#+"#)/$)7)*#7,$#.,$)G
7"$+,*)#,#7,$#.,$)G-E6%'*):#H"#I#)#J#7,((,+#7,$#
/$)3)B)!,$:#
6. MANEJO QUE LOS TRABAJADORES#(("=)*#)#
&)3,#)(#-,-"*/,#!"#()#&)7/%$)#-)*%)(#,#-"&E*'<
&):#K,-F*-"*/"#"(#1$%7,#!"#&)7/%$)#"+/E#&,*5,$<
-)!,#7,$#*%"="#"*B)%()!,$"+0#%*#-,*/)&)$1%'+/)#
4#+%#)%L'(')$:
7. TIEMPO DE CAPTURA.#C%"!"#=)$')$0#!"7"*!'"*!,#
!"#()#&)*/'!)!#!"#)*'-)("+#6%"#.)4)#"*#()#&)+"/)0#
&,*+'!"$)*!,#6%"#"*#%*)#&)+"/)#!"#MN0NNN#7,((,+#
"(#/'"-7,#!"#&)7/%$)#7%"!"#+"$#!"#!,+#.,$)+:
8. DENSIDAD.#H"7"*!'"*!,#!"(#/)-)2,#4#7"+,#!"#
()+#)="+0#!"#)&%"$!,#)#()+#"+7"&'5'&)&',*"+#!"#()##
OPQ<NJM<RPP<MSSJ#*,#!"3"#.)3"$#-E+#!"#MN#
)="+#"*#&)!)#B)%():#
CONCLUSIONES
A(#-)*"B,#)*/"<-,$/"-#!"#()+#)="+#"+#%*#7$,&"+,#!"#
1$)*#'-7,$/)*&')#6%"#!"#*,#$")('>)$+"#)!"&%)!)-"*/"#
7%"!"#&,-7$,-"/"$#"(#3'"*"+/)$#!"#()+#)="+#,#()#&)('!)!#
!"#()+#&)*)("+:#A+#'*!'+7"*+)3("0#3$'*!)$#&,*!'&',*"+#
)!"&%)!)+#!%$)*/"#()#&)7/%$)#!"#()+#)="+#&,*#()#5'*)('!)!#
!" BMEDITORES.MX | JUNIO-JULIO 2015
Figuras 11 y 12. El proceso
de la captura por el método
brasileño consiste en acorra-
lar a las aves en un espacio
delimitado con la finalidad de
que el operario capture ave
por ave, presionando gentil-
mente las alas contra el dorso
o la pechuga, y posteriormen-
te las introduce dentro de las
jaulas.
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