RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.

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31-Mar-2010

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Power piping: typically found in electric power generating Process piping: typically found in petroleum
stations, in heating and cooling systems chemical, pharmaceutical, textile and paper
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Applicable: boiler external piping from first joint up to and Exclusions:
QA Standards including first block valve for boilers where:
General • piping systems pressure above 0 an
Procedures • steam or vapor is generated over 100 kPa kPa nonflammable, nontoxic and no
Department human tissues
Procedures • high temperature water over 1103 kPa and/or
Work temperatures of 120 Celsius • power boilers covered in BPV code
Instructions piping covered in B31.1
General Excluding: fatigue due to pressure cycling
Guides • tubes, tube headers, crossovers and
Design fired heaters
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Engineering • pressure vessels, heat exchangers,
Guides
Including: fatigue due pressure cycling and
General
cycling
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Allowable stress: Allowable stress:

• as per tables in Appendix A • as per Table A-1 and A-2

• shear to remain below 80%, bearing to remain • shear to remain below 80%, bearing
below 160% of allowable stress below 160% of allowable stress

• basis are same as ASME section II Part D • basis for bolting, cast iron, other ma
Appendix 1 except for cast iron and ductile iron
• flanges due to leakage below 75%

• allowable stress of unlisted material

conforming 323.1.2) can not be use

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RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.8 Page 2 of 7

ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008)

Materials: material of unknown specification shall not be Materials: material of unknown specification
used for pressure containing components used for pressure containing components

Quality factor E: depending type of weld, radiography and Quality factor E: depending type of weld, ra
material material

Factor y: factor depending Ferritic, Austenitic, Nickel and

design temperature

Factor W: weld strength reduction factor Factor W: weld strength reduction factor

Factor f: stress range factor

Pipe under internal pressure (104.1.2 and 104.1.4 (in Pipe under internal pressure (304.1.2):
creep)):

P = internal design pressure

P = internal design pressure D = outside diameter of pipe
D0 = outside diameter of pipe S = stress value for material
SE = maximum allowable stress, including quality factor E = quality factor
tm = minimum required thickness t = pressure design thickness
y = coefficient table 104.1.2A y = coefficient, also from table 304.1.1
A = additional thickness to compensate threading, provide W = Weld strength reduction factor
additional strength, corrosion allowance

W = Weld strength reduction factor when in creep range, is

1 outside creep range (table 102.4.7)

Bend under internal pressure (102.4.5): Bend under internal pressure (304.2.1):

pipe under internal pressure where I for intrados is: pipe under internal pressure where I for intra

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RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.8
ASME B31.1 (2008)
and I for the extrados is:
and at sidewall I = 1.0,
R = radius of pipe bend
Elbows under internal pressure (102.4.5):
Elbows manufactured according standards listed in Table
126.1 are suitable for use at the pressure-temperature
ratings specified by such standards.
Elbows not according above standards or for which design
formulas and not given in the code shall be based on
calculations consistent with the design criteria of this code.
These calculations shall be substantiated by one or more
of the means stated in A B C or D of 104.7.2 (Does this
mean or allow that an elbow can be calculated according a
bend with uniform thickness? Refer B31.3)
Miter bends under internal pressure (104.3.3):
1. Only straight pipe calculations required if:
2. Pressure shall be limited to 70 kPa if:
or
and thickness is not less than required for straight pipe
3. Pressure shall be limited to 700 kPa if:
and
and thickness is not less than required for straight pipe
4. For pressure over 700 kPa: proof test, FEA, etc required
with a defined minimum for closely spaced and widely
spaced miter bend
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ASME B31.3 (2008)
and I for the extrados is:
and at sidewall I = 1.0,
R = radius of pipe bend
Elbows under internal pressure (304.2.1)
Elbows manufactured according standards l
326.1 are suitable for use at the pressure-te
ratings specified by such standards.
Elbows not according above standards or fo
formulas and not given in the code shall be
calculations consistent with the design criter
These calculations shall be substantiated by
of the means stated in A B C or D of 304.7.2
can be calculated according the Bend calcu
304.2.2.
Miter bends under internal pressure (304
1. When theta =< 22.5 deg than max. allowa
shall be the lesser of (t = T - c):
and
2. When theta > 22.5 deg than max. allowab
shall calculated as (t = T - c):
For all miter bends the R1 shall not be less t
with A:
(T-c) =< 13 mm → A = 25
13 < (T-c) =< 22 mm → A = 2(T-c)
RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.8
ASME B31.1 (2008)
Reducer under internal pressure (104.6):
1. Flanged reducer according Table 126.1 are considered
suitable at the specified pressure temperature ratings.
2. Where butt welding reducers are made to a nominal
pipe thickness, the reducers shall be considered suitable
for use with pipe of the same nominal thickness.
3. Components not covered by the standards listed in
Table 126.1 shall be based on calculation consistent with
this code. Calculations are to be substantiated by one of:
- extensive, successful service experience
- experimental analysis
- proof test
- detailed stress analysis, such as finite element analysis
(Is ASME VIII div.1 UG32 acceptable?)
Stubon under internal pressure (104.3.1(D)):
Required reinforcement area is
= angle between branch and run
with A is additional thickness for
corrosion and tolerances, tmh from straight pipe calculation with
(104.1.2)
header excess area,
with
branch excess
tr is reinforcement pad thickness
weld area
area reinforcement ring
area saddle on right angle connections
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ASME B31.3 (2008)
(T-c) > 22 mm → A = 2(T-c)/3 + 30
Reducer under internal pressure (304.6.1
1. Reducers according Table 326.1 shall be
suitable for use at established pressure-tem
ratings or corresponding straight pipe with 8
nominal wall thickness.
2. Concentric reducers not listed in Table 32
designed according closures as per ASME V
3. Eccentric reducers not listed in Table 326
as unlisted components and shall be design
documented substantiated by one of:
- extensive, successful service experience
- experimental analysis
- proof test
- detailed stress analysis, such as finite elem
(Is ASME VIII div.1 UG32 acceptable?)
Stubon under internal pressure (304.3.3):
Required reinforcement area is
= angle between branch and run
exce
attached reinforcement, weld area a
Assessment:
Area A2, A3 and A4 to be multiplied by the r
allowable working stress, maximum multiplic
1.0 (para. 304.3.3(f3))
If then assess
If then assess
RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.8 Page 5 of 7

ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008)

Assessment:

Area A2, A3, A4 and A5 to be multiplied by the ratio of

allowable working stress, maximum multiplication factor is
1.0 (para. 104.3.1(D.2.3))

Tee (extruded outlet) under internal pressure (104.3.1 Tee (extruded outlet) under internal press
(G)):
Required reinforcement area is
Required reinforcement area is

K = 1.0 when
K = 1.0 when

K= when
K= when

K = 0.7 when
K = 0.7 when

rein
reinforcement by header header

reinforcement by branch with reinforcemen

with

excess branch area

excess br
Assessment:
Assessment:

If then assess

If then assess

Weldolet (branch) under internal pressure (104.3.1(D)): Weldolet (branch) under internal pressur

Required reinforcement area is Required reinforcement area is

reinforcement by header, with rein

header, with

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RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.8 Page 6 of 7

ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008)

reinforcement by branch with reinforceme

with

with
with
= thickness pad or height of 60 deg angle fitting with
in reinforcement material = thickness pad or a height of 0

= area provided by deposited weld metal = area provided by deposited weld m

attached reinforcement
excess weldolet area in reinforcement zone
Assessment:
Assessment:
Area A2, A3 and A4 to be multiplied by the r
allowable working stress, maximum multiplic
Area A2, A3, A4 and A5 to be multiplied by the ratio of
1.0 (para. 304.3.3(f3))
allowable working stress, maximum multiplication factor is
1.0 (para. 104.3.1(D.2.3))

Cap under internal pressure (104.4.1(B)): Cap under internal pressure (304.4.1(b)):

Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG-

Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG-32 app.1-4

L = radius dish

r = radius knuckle
L = radius dish

r = radius knuckle

or

or

Flat closure under internal pressure (104.4.1(b)): Flat closure under internal pressure (304

Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG 34 Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG

… …

Flange under internal pressure (104.5.1(B)): Flange under internal pressure (304.5.1(b

Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 app. 2 using Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.
B31.3 allowable stresses and temperature limits with: B31.3 allowable stresses and temperature li

= design gauge pressure = design gauge pressure

= bolt design stress at atmospheric temperature = bolt design stress at atmospheric

= bolt design stress at design temperature = bolt design stress at design tempe

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RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.8 Page 7 of 7

ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008)

= product SE = product SEW

Blind flange under internal pressure (104.5.2(B)): Blind flange under internal pressure (304

Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 UG-34 with: Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.

= sum of allowances = sum of allowances

= internal design gauge pressure = internal design gauge pressure

= product SE = product SEW

= pressure design thickness as per ASME VIII div. 1 = pressure design thickness as per AS
UG-34 UG-34

Blanks (spade) under internal pressure (304.5.3(B)): Blanks (spade) under internal pressure (3

= sum of allowances = sum of allowances

= inside diameter of gasket = inside diameter of gasket

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