02 MiCOM P Overview 2011

MiCOM Overview
Dharan Chandru
2012
MiCOM
MiCOM
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 2
MiCOM Complete Solutions
Protection

Control Products

Measurement Products

Systems

MiCOM P Series : Protection Relays

MiCOM M Series : Measurement products for accurate
metering
MiCOM C Series : Substation management products
MiCOM S Series : PC support Software and substation
control Packages
Summarize

MiCOM Protection Overview
PX10 PX20 PX30 PX40

MiCOM Protection portfolio
P900 Frequency Protection Relays
P800 Autoreclose Relays
P700 Busbar Protection Relays
P600 Transformer Protection Relays
P500 Line Differential Relays
P400 Distance Protection Relays
P300 Generator Protection Relays
P200 Universal Motor Protection Relay
P100 Feeder Management Relays

MiCOM Protection Features
Comprehensive
Protection
CB monitoring Measurement
& Maintenance
Programmability
& Customisation
MiCOM P Communication
Fault Analysis
Tools Control
Self Diagnostics
&
Commissioning
Tools
MiCOM Protection
40 range
30 range
20 range
10 range

MiCOM Px10 Product Range

MiCOM Px1x Protection
P211 Motor Protection Relays
P11x Overcurrent Relays

MiCOM_13

MiCOM Px10 Range
Features
● Dedicated for LV market
● Simple
● Small dimension
● Low price


MiCOM Px20 Protection
P920 Voltage / Frequency Relays
P821 CB Fail Relays
P521 Line Differential and Unit Protection
P220 Motor Protection Relays
P120 Overcurrent Relays

MiCOM_16

MiCOM Px20 Range
Hardware features
● Compact case (4U / 20-30 TE)

● Withdrawable design to simply replacement
● Dual rated CT (1A / 5A) to minimize spare part
● Powerful and reliable CPU board
●µP = 300MHz
●RAM memory = 2Mb
●Flash memory = 20Mb to replace EEPROM, BBRAM and battery
●Lead free design (RoHS)
●Advanced self-diagnostic (Firmware and hardware)
● One RS485 communication for Digital Control System
● High voltage trip/close contacts (ANSI compliant)
● Universal power supply & opto-inputs (24-250Vac/dc)
● Compliance with international standard (CE, IEC, ANSI, UL/CSA, ENA
…)
● Manufacturing site compliant with international quality standard (IS0
9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001)
Standardize and highly reliable hardware

MiCOM Px20 Range
Software features
● User friendly HMI available in 13 languages (including Chinese,
Russian, Portuguese, Turkish …)
● Easy & quick settings via HMI or MiCOM S1
● Flexible integration in substation DCS through DNP3, IEC103 and
Modbus)
● Customizable reflex automation
●8 independents Boolean logic
●AND, OR & NOT logical gate
● Advanced post fault analysis
●250 events records
●25 fault records (including fault value)
●5 disturbance record in Comtrade format
●1ms time tagging accuracy (protocol or digital input)
Flexible and user friendly firmware

MiCOM Px20 Range
Earth Fault CT Input Selection
● Three current ranges selectable AT ORDER

● 0.1 to 40 In [Version A]
● 0.01 to 8 In [Version B]
● 0.002 to 1 In [Version C]
● Take care to order the correct range for the application.

MiCOM Px20 Range
Logical equation
AND, OR,
NOT Logic
Gate
●Additional logical equation
●8 independent equations
●“AND”, “OR”, “NOT” gates
8 Logical
●16 operands for each! equation
16 operands
for each


MiCOM Protection
P630 Transformer Differential
P530 Line Differential
P430 Distance Relays
P130 Feeder Relay

MiCOM Px30 Range Features
Configurable
Interface
Dual Rated Programmable
CT Inputs LEDs
Flexible
Communications
Comprehensive
Recording
Programmable
Internal Logic

MiCOM Px30 Range
Communication interface
● Two available rear RS485 communication port

● COMM1 communication protocol
Modbus RTU
IEC60870－5－103
IEC60870－5－101
ILS
DNP3.0
Courier
UCA2（Ethernet）
IEC61850 （Ethernet）
● COMM2(only IEC60870－5－103)
● IRIG-B time synchronization

MiCOM Px30 Range
Programmable Logic
Protection
INP Binary Input Output OUTP

LOC LED
PC PC
COMM1 ...
LOGIC COMM1
&
...
T1 T2
≥1
...
&
...
...
&


MiCOM Px40 range design building blocks
Forming a total solution
P940 Frequency Protection Relays
P840 Autoreclose Relays
P740 Busbar Protection Relays
P640 Transformer Protection Relays
P540 Line Differential and Unit Protection
P440 Distance Protection Relays
P340 Generator Protection Relays
P240 Universal Motor Protection Relay
P140 Feeder Management Relays

MiCOM_27

MiCOM Px40 range
Comprehensive Protection Solutions at all Power System levels:
● Generation &Transformer
● Integrated Generator & Transformer Protection
● Transmission
● Distance Protection
● Line Differential
● Distribution
● Feeder Management
● Loadshedding
● Industrial
● Motor Management
● Interconnection Protection

MiCOM Px40 Features
Configurable
Interface
Dual Rated Programmable
CT Inputs LEDs
Flexible
Communications
Comprehensive
Recording
Programmable
Scheme Logic

Flexibility using Graphical
Programmable Scheme Logic
Relay
Optos
contacts
Gate Logic
& Communication
Protection
elements 1
&
Control Timers
Fixed scheme LEDs

logic
User programmable scheme logic

Programming the Relay

UNIVERSAL DIGITAL INPUTS
24-250V dc
Each opto can be programmed for its nominal battery

voltage (24/27, 30/34V, 48/54V, 110/125V, 220/250V)
Each opto can have a different input voltage e.g. for
tripping, signalling etc

Communication interface
● Two RS-485 rear communication interface are available

● The 1st interface protocol is one of either:
Modbus RTU
IEC60870－－5－－103
DNP3.0
Courier
UCA2
IEC61850(Ethernet)
● The 2nd interface protocol is Courier
● IRIG-B time synchronization

MiCOM S1 Studio -One Support Software for
all of the MiCOM Range
● Settings editor
● Monitoring
● Programmable scheme logic editor
● Menu text editor
● Extraction of fault and event
records
● Extraction of disturbance records
● Disturbance recorder analysis
● Disturbance record archive
● IEC-61850 Configuration

MiCOM Protection Solution
Feeder Motor Gen. Dis. Line Trans. Busbar Volt./Freq.
P14x P24x P34x P44x P54x P64x P74x P94x Px40
P13x P53x P63x Px30
P220
P12xy P521 P92x Px20
P225
P11x P211 Px10

MiCOM Protection Application MV
HV grid
G&T
P840 P920
P139 P521
P340 P630 P940
P640 P120 P140
P540
P740 P440 P220
P530
P630 P240
MV P640
P630
P120
P640 LV
P140 P111
P139
P114S P115 P211

MiCOM Feeder Protection Solution

MiCOM P11x Range Product

P111
● Relay versions in the range (hardware options) :
● P111 model A - 3 phase Overcurrent Protection
● P111 model B - 3 phase Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection
with Modbus communication
● P111 model E - model B + 2BI&2BO additionally and event record
● P111 model F – model E without communication facilities
To be competitive,
where the price is a crucial to win

P111
● Scope of applications
● Replacement of old relays
● Low End MV application
● Low cost backup protection
Profits and more competitive

P111
ANSI P111 P111 P111
P111
FUNCTIONS codes Model A Model B Model E Model F
3 Phase Overcurrent I>> (DT) 50/51 X X X X
3 Phase Overcurrent I> IDMT/DT) 50/51 X X X X
3 Phase Overcurrent Ip> (IDMT/DT) 50/51 X X X X
Earth overcurrent IN> (IDMT/DT) 50N/51N X X X
Earth overcurrent IN>> (IDMT/DT) 50N/51N X X X
Binary Inputs 2 2 4 4
Binary Outputs 2 2 4 4
External Trip ZZ1 and PTC X X X X
2 setting groups X X X X
Remote control of CB or
contactor (via RS485) X X
Events recorder with time tag X
Setting via S1 S&R Modbus X X

Self Powered Overcurrent Relays
Two Models available
P114S Digital CT powered Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay
P115 CT Powered Overcurrent Protection

Application
A cost optimised MV/LV switchboard
Area of using:
Industrial plants
Utilities networks and substations
Main or backup protection relay

P114S Self powered
with the specific external CTs
Specific CT connection only
(Can be ordered with P114S)
Small dimensions of protection system
(3 x CT + P114S)
Optimised costs of solution
(CTs + P114S + CB Trip coil);
Setting via DIP Switches
Easy testing whole protection system via test
winding available on the front panel of P114S
Setting software S1 for download settings and up
to 5 fault records
Reliably trip information via external Flag
Indicator (reset without auxiliary voltage)
Fast mounting of CTs (no primary winding)

P114S Relay Single line Diagram
low energy Voltage output for
trip coil output flag indicator
(24VDC, 0.1J) (24VDC, 0.01J)
52
DC DC
Flag indicator
DC DC
AC DC
Phase
CTs 3 Vx
50 51
50N 51N
External trip External Trip Input

DC DC
P114S USB port

Local
communication
Voltage outputs have typical parameters:

no special equipment is required
P115: Features
● Integrated HMI with 2x16 LCD display, cursor keys and 8
LED indicators
● Two binary inputs
● Four output relays (2 optional)
● Four CT inputs (1A or 5A); Three Individual adjustable
ranges for Ien
● USB port for local communication and power supply
● Optional RS485 Interface with IEC 103 or Modbus RTU
protocol
● No battery inside: events and faults are stored in FRAM
memory
● Flag indicator output (24VDC 0.01J) (Option)
USB port for

local communication
P115: Functional diagram
Energy Output for flag

trip output indicator
DC DC
Flag indicator
52 DC DC
Auxiliary supply
Vx V1 Logic
AC DC Auxiliary V2 inputs
Phase Voltage
CTs 3 Supply
50 51
AC DC
Earth P1
CT P2
50N 51N Logic
optional P3
contacts
optional P4 outputs
DC DC
Local
P115 USB port communication
Optional Remote
RS485
communication

MiCOM P12x Range Product

MiCOM P12x Range
A whole range for a global answer
P120: Earth fault or Single phase O/C
P121: 3 phases + earth O/C
P122: Advanced 3 phases + earth O/C
P123: Expert 3 phases + earth O/C

MiCOM P12x Range
A range of overcurrent relays for:
Industrial networks and substations
Distribution networks and HV/MV feeder substations
EHV/HV backup protections

MiCOM P12x Protection Functions
FUNCTION ANSI NO . P120 P121 P122 P123
Single Phase overcurrent or 50/51 or
Earth Fault 50N/51N
Three Phase Overcurrent 50/51
Earth Fault 50N/51N
Thermal Overload 49
Undercurrent 37
CB Fail Protection 50BF
Cold Load Pick Up
Negative Sequence Overcurrent 46
Inrush blocked
Latched Outputs 86
Blocking Logic
Broken Conductor 46BC
Auto- reclose 79
No. of Setting Groups 1 1 2 2
MiCOM P12x Ancillary Functions
FUNCTION P120 P121 P122 P123
Measurements (true rms)
Peak & Rolling Demand
Rear Communications RS485
Front Communications RS232
Modbus Protocol
Courier Protocol
IEC60870-5-103 Protocol
DNP3.0
Event Records 250 250 250 250

Fault Records 5 5 5 5
Disturbance Records (3s at 1600Hz)

MiCOM P12x Digital I/O
● P120 and P121

● 2 opto inputs
● 4 output contacts (2 Make, 2 changeover)
● P122
● 3 opto inputs
● P123
● 5 opto inputs

MiCOM P124 Product Range

MiCOM P124 Range
Self / Dual Powered Overcurrent Relays

MiCOM P124 Range
Two Models for a Global Answer
3 phases + earth O/C Self-powered Relay
3 phases + earth O/C Dual-powered Relay

Single Line Diagram P124
Self Powered
CB Trip via Striker
Busbar
Striker
P124 Self Powered
52 Possible Tripping
Output for signaling or Tripping coil
RL1
Striker
RL0 Watchdog
49
Phase CTs 3
51 50
Earth CT 51N 50N
RS 232 Setting Software

front Port
Single Line Diagram P124
Dual Powered
CB Trip via Striker
Busbar
Striker
P124 Dual Powered
52
Output for Tripping signaling
Striker 86 RL1 or trip coil
37 49 RL0 Watchdog
3 RL 2
Phase CTs 51 50 Programmable
RL 3
RL 4 Logic
RL 5 outputs
51N 50N RL 6
Earth CT
L1 46 50BF RS 485 Remote control
Programmable L2 rear port
Logic L3
L4 RS 232 Setting Software
inputs 79
L5 front port
P12y Directional Overcurrent &
Earth Fault Relays

MiCOM P12y Range
Types
P125: Directional/non Directional earth fault protection
P126: Three phase Overcurrent & Directional/non Directional Earth

Fault protection
P127: Directional/non Directional Overcurrent & Directional/ non

Directional Earth Fault protection

MiCOM P12y Range
A range of Dir overcurrent relays for:
Transmission/sub-transmission backup protection
Distribution
Generation and co-generation
Industry
Transport underground and railway

Reminder about MiCOM P12y
● MiCOM P127 – Specific hardware features
● 2nd RS485 port to perform remote maintenance in Modbus:
●Settings modification
Modbus IEC103 or
●Records upload Maintenance
only Modbus or
DNP3
Digital
Control
●Measurements upload PC
RS485 n°2 RS485 n°1 System
●Remote command via MiCOM S1

● 12 digital inputs in total (5 additional)
● IRIG-B time synchronization from via GPS clock

●Demodulated signal
●Modulated signal (via BNC adapter)
●Both option in a single hardware variant with software
selection
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date

Cost effective alternative to P13x/P14x 62
MiCOM P12y Protection Functions

MiCOM P127M
● This new MiCOM P127 relays now includes

● 2 measurement CTs – Class 0.5 measure of Power & Energy
● Dual IEC 60870-5-103 port - Remote access
● Up to 8 setting groups
● CT supervision
M160
M231
M241
M161
M171 M211
M203
P127 with Dedicated measurement CT

MiCOM P13x Product Range

MiCOM P13x Range
One Box Solution for MV/LV:
Distribution
Motor /Generation/ transformer
Industry

MiCOM P13x Feeder Management Relays
P132: Modular Feeder Management Relay
Non-directional resp. directional

time-overcurrent protection
Order option „with CT and VT inputs“
for directional overcurrent protection
Order option „VT inputs only“ for pure
voltage/frequency protection application
Control functionality for 3 switchgear units
(optional) with control via binary inputs or
the optional communication interface;
no control via HMI
Modular case with a various number
of plug-in modules provides a flexible
solution

P139: Modular Feeder Management Relay with Bay Control
Non-directional resp. directional

time-overcurrent protection
Order option „with CT and VT inputs“
for directional overcurrent protection
Control functionality for 3 resp. 6 (opt.)
switchgear units with control via HMI,
binary inputs or the optional
communication interface
Modular case with a various number
of plug-in modules provides a flexible
solution





MiCOM P14x Product Range

P14x Feeder Management relays
P141 Feeder Management Relay
P142 With integral auto-reclose
P143 With integral auto-reclose

and check synchronism

● Application
Transmission
Distribution
Motor /Generation/ transformer
Industry

P14*
ANSI No Protection And Control Features
1 2 3
Instantaneous / time delayed directional overcurrent • • •
Instantaneous / time-delayed directional earth fault • • •
Sensitive directional earth fault • • •
Wattmetric earth fault • • •
Restricted earth fault • • •
Voltage controlled overcurrent • • •
Negative sequence overcurrent • • •
Undervoltage • • •
Overvoltage • • •
Under / over frequency • • •
Negative sequence overvoltage • • •
Residual overvoltage (neutral displacement) • • •
Thermal overload • • •
Neutral Admittance Protection • • •
Phase and Neutral undercurrent
P14*
ANSI No Protection And Control Features
1 2 3
Cold Load Pick-up • • •
Selective overcurrent logic • • •
46BC Broken conductor • • •
79 4 shot auto-reclose • •
25 Check synchronising •
Fault locator • • •
CTS CT supervision • • •
VTS VT supervision • • •
50BF CB fail • • •
8 inputs and 7 outputs •
16 inputs and 15 outputs •
32 Inputs and 30 Outputs •
Hi Break-Hi Speed Outputs • • •
IRIG-B Option • • •
Protecting your feeders – Selector guide


● Tutorials
● Three Stages directional overcurrent protection
● Two Stages directional earth fault protection
● Three phase 1 shot autoreclose
● 2 rounds load shedding
● 10 Input / 8 Output
● Two communication networks ( 103 + IEC 61850)

MiCOM Numerical Current Differential
Protection Solution

Current Differential Principle
End A End B
IF
IA IB
Communication Link
IA + IB = 0 Healthy
IA + IB 0 (= IF) Fault

Current Differential - Advantages
● No voltage transformers needed

● Detect high resistance faults
● Uniform trip time
● Clearly defined zone of operation
● Simple to set with no coordination problems

P521 or P54x?
P521 P54x
● Aimed at LV and MV markets ● Aimed at HV and EHV markets
● 2-ended scheme only ● 2-ended or 3-ended schemes
● Flexible comms options via metallic ● Increased I/O makes it suitable for HV
pilots or fibre optics applications

● Advanced control facilities (PSL, Hotkeys
● Compatible with numerous modem
etc.)
types balancing speed with cost
● Single pole tripping and auto-reclose
● Ideal for replacement of existing pilot
available
wire schemes
● Permits control of multiple circuit breakers
● Site upgrade from metallic comms to (ideal for 1½ breaker schemes)
fibre
● Provides stub bus protection
● Backup protection biased towards
● Back-up protection biased towards HV
LV/MV applications (current based applications (subcycle distance protection)
protection)
● Advanced intertripping facilities
● Fully configurable I/O
● Enhanced SCADA comms (IEC61850 etc.)
P521 Protection Functions
Direct &
Phase Current
Fibre Optic, modem Permissive
Differential
or Multiplexed Intertripping
Comms
Upgradeable comms Inrush

from metallic to fibre Restraint
Backup
Breaker Overcurrent &
Failure Earth Fault
Broken
Thermal
Negative Conductor
Protection
Sequence O/C Detection

P521 Protection Features
ANSI No. Protection Features
87L Phase segregated current differential protection
50/51 4 stage instantaneous / time delayed overcurrent
50N/51N 4 stage instantaneous / time delayed earth fault
64 Restricted earth fault protection (using E/F element)
46 Negative sequence overcurrent protection
49 Thermal overload
46BC Broken conductor detection
Direct and permissive intertripping

P521 Current Differential - Signalling Options
● Electrical communications
● EIA485 (direct 4 wire or via modem)
● EIA232 Modems
● Direct fibre optic

● 850 nm multi-mode
● 1300 nm single mode
● Multiplexed communications

Direct 4 Wire EIA485 Connection
1.2km max
Tx 64kbps Rx
MT RS485 MT RS485
Rx 2 Screened Tx
Twisted Pairs
Surge Protection

4 Wire EIA485 up to 25km
25km max
Tx 19.2kbps Rx
P595 P595
Interface Interface
Rx 2 Screened Tx
Twisted Pairs
EIA 485
NOTE : 10/ 20kV isolation transformers available if

required (4 required per scheme)
Pilot Wire Communications (1)
16km max
Tx 19.2kbps Rx
Leased Leased
Line Line
Modem Modem
Twisted Pair
Rx (Pilot cable) Tx
EIA 485
or EIA 232

Pilot Wire Communications (2)
16km max
Tx Same as Fibre ! Rx
Base- 64kbps Base-
Band Band
Modem Modem
Twisted Pair
Rx (Pilot cable) Tx
EIA 485
or EIA 232

Condition Line Communications
No Strict Limits
Tx Rx
Leased 9.6 kbps Leased
Line Line
Modem Modem
Conditioned
Rx Telephone Line Tx
EIA 485
or EIA 232

Pilot Wire Schemes Using P521
No. Isolation Typical Un-
Scheme Distance Conditioned Arrangement of
Pilots (Km) Level Op. Time Conditioned
Pilots Equipment
(kV) (ms) Pilots
A 4 <1.2 2kV 30 - • 1 1
1 = P521 (RS485)
B 2 N/A N/A 110 • - 2 3 3 2 2 = P521 (RS232)
3 = TD36 modem
C 4 N/A N/A 95 • - 2 3 3 2
4 = Baseband modem
D 2 <16 10kV 30 - • 1 4 4 1 5 = P595 interface

= MT RS485
E 2 <16 20kV 30 - • 1 4 4 1
= 10kV transformer
= 20kV transformer
F 4 <25 10kV 80 - • 1 5 5 1
G 4 <25 10kV 80 - • 1 5 5 1

P521 Benefits 1
● Multiple communications options
● Direct metallic (4 wire)
● Modem (several types supported)
● Fibre Optic
● Multiplexed networks
● Perfect for retro-fit applications

● Use of existing pilots and CT’s
● Flexible operating time - aids application to existing CT’s
● CT ratio compensation
● Mixture of 1A and 5A CTs can be used
● Upgradeable comms - can retrofit protection and upgrade comms at a later date

P521 Benefits 2
● Current differential protection compatible with in zone fuse protected loads.
● Extensive backup protection.
● In-zone transformers.
● Indication of faulted phase.
● Fully supervised communication channel.
● Integral intertripping.
● Local and remote current measurements available.
● Advanced monitoring facilities.
● Reduced panel space compared to existing pilot wire schemes.

MiCOM P54x Series
Numerical Current Differential Protection

P540 Current Differential Relays-
Models Available (non GPS-synch.)
P541 Differential for Plain and Transformer Feeders in 40TE
/ 8” Case
P542 Differential for Plain and Transformer Feeders with 3

Pole Autoreclose, (60TE / 12”)
P543 Differential for Plain Feeders with Distance Protection

and 1/3 Pole Autoreclose, (60TE / 12”)
P544 Differential for Mesh Corner/Breaker and a Half Feeding

with Distance Protection, (60TE /12”)

P540 Current Differential Relays -
GPS or Conventional Applications
P545 Differential for Plain Feeders with Backup Distance Protection
and 1/3 Pole Autoreclose, (80TE / 19”)
P546 Differential for Mesh Corner/Breaker and a Half Feeding with

Distance Protection, (80TE /19”)

P540 Protection Functions
1 and 3 Pole
Phase Current In-Zone
Autoreclose
Differential Transformers
Broken Intertripping
Conductor & Command
Detection Transfer
Stub Bus Backup

Overcurrent Distance
Protection Protection
Breaker Overcurrent,
Failure Thermal SEF and DEF
Protection

P54x Protection Features

P54x Current Differential - Signalling Options
Direct fibre optic

● 1300 nm single-mode
● 1550 nm single mode
● Multiplexed communications

Direct Optical Fibre Link
OPGW

Interfacing to PCM Multiplexers
P591/2
interface Multiplexer
unit G.703 or
850nm multimode V.35
optical fibre electrical
P593
interface ISDN
unit X.21
electrical
P-2M
interface Multiplexer
unit
G.703 or
850nm multimode V.35
optical fibre electrical
Multiplexed Optical Link
Earth wire optical fibre
Multiplexer Multiplexer
34 Mbit/s
64k Telephone
bits/s
Telecontrol
Teleprotection
End A End B

Optical Budgets for Direct Optical
Connection Between Relays
850nm Multi 1300nm Multi 1300nm Single 1550nm Single
Mode Mode Mode Mode
Min Transmit -19.8dBm -13dBm -13dBm -13dBm
Output Level
Receiver -25.4dBm -40dBm -40dBm -40dBm
Sensitivity
Optical Budget 5.6dB 27.0dB 27.0dB 27.0dB
Less Safety 2.6dB 24.0dB 24.0dB 24.0dB

Margin (3db)*
Typical Cable 2.6dB/km 0.8dB/km 0.4dB/km 0.3dB/km
Loss
Max 1 km 30km 60km 80km
Transmission
Distance
Short Haul Long Haul
Key: * 3dB allowance for joint loss/ageing

Propagation Delay Problem
Relay A Relay B
Current at B
Current received from A
Propagation delay

Propagation Delay Compensation
● Synchronise sampling in both relays

● Direct comparison of samples
● Synchronising both relays to real time a possibility if GPS receiver available - what
happens for loss of GPS?
P545 and P546 only

● Asynchronous sampling (proven in LFCB)
● Continual time difference measurement
● Vector transformation in software
All models, P521,P541-P546

SONET/SDH Ring Configuration
Node Node
1 2
Node Standby Node

6 path 3
tp2’
tp1
Node Node
5 4 tp1’
tp2 Worker path
P545/6 P545/6
End A End B
Line

Normal Communications: Propagation Delays
Equal
Node Node
1 2
Node Standby Node

6 path 3
tp2’
tp1
Node Node
5 4 tp1’
tp2 Worker path
P545/6 P545/6
End A End B
Line

One Worker Channel Lost:
Part Routing via Standby Channel
Node Node
1 2
Node Node
6 Now, tp2 > tp1 3
tp2’
tp1
Node Node
5 4 tp1’
tp2
P545/6 P545/6
End A End B
Line

Additional Communications Channel Functions
● All models support two terminal (single or dual redundant channel) or three
terminal configurations
● Remote terminal(s) current measurements polled on-line, and stored in fault
records
● Communication error statistics
● Direct intertrip to remote end(s) - or can be used to configure distance protection
aided schemes
● Permissive intertrip

Direct Intertrip
Relay A Relay B
Transformer
Protection
DTT=1
Data Message
- + - +

Permissive Intertrip
IB
Relay A Relay B
Busbar
Relay
PIT=1
Data Message
- + - +
Example shows interlocked overcurrent protection

Feeder fault seen within busbar zone
Remote end trip after set delay for PIT & current > Is1
Programmable Intertrip/Control
Commands, End - End
A B
52 52
Single or dual fibre optic comms.
850nm
1300nm
1550nm
or MUX
& 1 & 1
> >
PIT
PSL PSL
PIT

Capacitive Current Compensation
IL IR
ZL
IchL IchR
VL VR
Conventional current differential protection needs to be set above Ich to

avoid tripping for 50/60Hz line charging current
P54x extracts Ich to allow more sensitive current settings to be applied
Benefit: Resistive fault coverage improved

P521/P541/ P542 - Protection
of Transformer Feeders
Power transformer
Ratio
P540 correction
Scheme
Vectorial
correction
Virtual interposing CT Virtual interposing CT
Inrush magnetising stability

Integrated Autorecloser with
Check Synchronism (P543/P545)
● Up to four reclose shots:

● First high speed shot can be single pole
● Three delayed AR shots
● Selection of elements to initiate or block AR
● Check synchronism function allows:
● Live line/live bus in synchronism AR
● Live line/dead bus AR
● Dead line/live bus AR
● Safety checking prior to manual CB close authorisation

Fault Locator: (P543 - P546)
With Mutual Current Compensation
16% 3.8Ω 16km 10miles

MiCOM Differential Protecion Summary
● Per phase basis comparison

● Differential gives high sensitivity and phase selectivity
● More integration, less panel space, less interwiring, lower installation
cost
● Comprehensive backup protection, …
● No need for panel mounted instruments
● NO and NC contacts along with allowing interlocking schemes etc to
be configured
● Self monitoring removes the need for extensive periodic injection
testing
● Condition monitoring of CB bay aids maintenance scheduling

MiCOM Line Distance Protection Solution

Distance Protection
● Popular, widely used on Sub-Transmission and

Transmission Systems
● Measures Z, X or R correctly irrespective of System
Conditions
jX
ZL

Basic Principle of Distance Protection
Relay
ZS PT.
IR ZL
Normal
VS VR ZLOAD
Load
VR
Impedance measured ZR = = Z L + Z LOAD
ΙR

Basic Principle of Distance Protection
ZL
ZS IR ZF
VS VR ZLOAD Fault
Impedance Measured ZR = VR/IR = ZF

Relay Operates if ZF < Z where Z = setting
Increasing VR has a Restraining Effect ∴VR called
Restraining Voltage
Increasing IR has an Operating Effect

Approximate Guidance: Speed
MiCOM
V
TRIP
ALARM
OU T OF SERVICE
HEALTH Y
ED IT
C = CLEAR
C
G G
= READ G
= ENTER
G
G G
735/800kV
380/500kV
P442 P437 P443
MiCOM
220/275kV TRIP
ALARM
OUT OF SERVIC E
HEALTHY
EDIT
C =
=
CLEAR
READ
C
G
G
G
= ENTER
G
G G
110/145kV
66/69kV
20/33kV Trip Speed
1.5 cyc. 1.25 cyc. 1 cyc.
(Note: P432 one-box solution also available: a derivative of fast P437 relay)
Main Protection
Backup Protection
Approximate Guidance: Characteristics
MiCOM
V
TRIP
ALARM
OU T OF SERVICE
HEALTH Y
ED IT
C = CLEAR
C
G G
= READ G
= ENTER
G
G G
735/800kV Polygon Mho

Quad Quad
380/500kV
P442 P437 P443
MiCOM
220/275kV TRIP
ALARM
OUT OF SERVIC E
HEALTHY
EDIT
C =
=
CLEAR
READ
C
G
G
G
= ENTER
G
G G
110/145kV
66/69kV
20/33kV Trip Speed

P430
1.5 cyc. 1.25 cyc. 1 cyc.
Mho and/or Quadrilateral

Polygon / Quadrilateral
MiCOM Distance Protection
Characteristics Available-Distance Zone
jX jX jX
Zn
Zn R Zn
R
R Zs
MHO Offset
Zn
Memory- MHO
P443 Polarised
P443 MHO
P443
Zn Zn
R R
Quadrilateral Polygon
P442 P443 P437 P443 P437

Typical HV/EHV Product Selection
● Choose P44x family or P437 to give full-scheme relay performance.
● Choose P441/P442 for a multifunction distance relay for general
applications. Offers quadrilateral characteristics, with a proven installed
base of products.
● Choose P437 for high speed tripping on HV/EHV systems, where
quadrilateral/polygon characteristics are preferred.
● Choose P443 where guaranteed sub-cycle tripping is required (mho or
quadrilateral), and in any mho characteristic applications.
Mix and match in dual main protection applications!

Differences and Similarities
● With some principle difference for duplicate scheme on HV/EHV
transmission:
● Phase selection
●P44x using superimposed current, P437 using V/I plane detection.
● Directional decision
●P44x using superimposed current/P437 using Vmemory.
● Distance Zone
● A symbol is used to signify which model the feature relates to:
Flash & symbol to identify P441 / P442 family P442
Flash & symbol to identify P443 MiCOMho P443
Flash & symbol to identify P437 P437

Faulted Phase Selection
All P44x Use Superimposed Current
● Compares pre-faulted system
● Acts as a fault detector and faulted phase detector
● Can quickly recognize evolving faults and power swings
● Provides secure phase selection for complex fault conditions
● Sensitive to any fault type
P442
P443
Works Automatically - with no settings needed
Superimposed Current Phase Selection:
Ensuring the Correct Elements will Respond
● Definite faulted phase selection
● Ensures no spurious operation of unfaulted phase elements due to
residual compensation or “ghost” impedances
Prefault Fault
Current:-
i rly i mem
=
ir
= Superimposed
Proven Delta Techniques P442 P443

Superimposed Components -
Simple Theory No
Change!
AB
Change!
BC
Change!
CA
2 cycle window
Ground Fault,
1 Cycle 1 Cycle Phase C
Comparison Comparison
P443
Directionalising Distance Zones
● Zone 1 distance protection is set to be forward looking.
● If a close-up, zero voltage fault occurs, how is the relay able to detect
that it is forward or reverse?
● The P44x family all use superimposed quantities (“deltas”) to
directionalise the distance zones
● MiCOM P437 uses a conventional directional memory
● For VT voltage above the “Oper. Val. Vmemory” setting, the relay takes the
measured voltage for directionalising
● For small voltages, the relay uses memory
● Need to raise the setting only in series compensated line applications
P437

P441/P442 Summary
● Versatile distance relay for all HV → EHV applications
● Extremely secure - Delta techniques, for fault detection, directionality and phase selection
● Patented algorithms used in 3 generations of numerical relays
● Overhead line and/or cable applications
● Efficient use of panel space - size 40TE (P441) or 60TE (P442)
● Menu-driven software for setting and analysis
● Intuitive setting
● Common Px40 training modules
● Comprehensive back up protection
Universal distance protection - with a proven installed base

P442
P437 Summary
● Distance protection for application up to and including the highest system voltages
● Design experience - 3rd generation of numerical distance protection from the same
design team
● Proven V<, I>> and shaped Z< starting for high sensitivity
● Z< starter acts as a load blinder, to ensure stability when no tripping is wanted
● Maintains and manages the stability of the grid
● Out of step tripping to control system separation
● An ideal complement to P44x family relays in “dual-main” distance protection applications
Advanced protection and control in a Modular platform

P437
P443 MiCOMho Summary
● Mho and quadrilateral elements available within one device - line/cable type and length
not needed at time of ordering
● Load blinder avoids spurious or cascade tripping, without desensitising the protection
● Selectable mho characteristic polarising permits control over expansion - allowing support
for compensated and non-compensated applications
● The relay self-sets zone reaches from protected line data - “simple setting mode”
● Superimposed (∆I) fault and power swing detection requires no starters to be set
● Easy to set and apply
High Speed Distance Protection Designed

for Ease of Application P443
MiCOM Busbar Protection Solution

HV Application: Busbar Protection
Kirchhoff’s Principle applied to a healthy system
ΣI=0
I1 I3
I2
I1 = I2 + I3
I1 - I2 - I3 = 0

HV Application: Busbar Protection - 2
Kirchhoff’s Principle applied to a system with a fault
ΣI≠0
I1
I2 I3
I1 ≠ I2 + I3
I1 - I2 - I3 ≠ 0 = IF

P746 and P740 Schemes:
Basic Application Selector
No. of
Feeders
28
P740 Scheme:
P741 with
P742 &
18
P743
P746 Three
Box Mode
6
P746 One
Box Mode
1 2 8 No. of Zones

MiCOM P740
Numerical Busbar Protection
P740
Scheme

MiCOM P740
Fast & Constant
Constant sub-cycle tripping time (13 ms typical)
Flexible & Easy to use
Centralised or Distributed solution
Dynamic substation replica processing
Dynamic substation monitoring tool
PSL (Programmable Scheme Logic)
Selective
Phase segregated low impedance solution
Secure
● Differential algorithms supervised by multiple criteria (CT
supervision, Biased Check Zone, etc…)
● Delayed tripping algorithm with CT saturation
● CT saturation detection (< 2ms)
● Dead zone protection & 50 BF protection
MiCOM P740 Busbar Protection
Busbar Overcurrent
CB Fail Dead Zone
Switchgear Continuous
Supervision Monitoring
CT
Measurements
Supervision
Disturbance Event & Fault

Recorder Records
Programmable
Scheme Logic

MiCOM P740 Busbar Protection
● Modular - needs scheme engineering
● Communication between modules via fibre optic
● Uses the low impedance or biased differential operating principle
● No CT switching
● Multiple criteria for tripping - including check zone
● High speed operation with moderate CT knee-point voltages & different
CT ratios
● Stability is maintained under external fault conditions
● Continuous plant and protection circuit monitoring
● Communicates with external SCADA/DCS systems
● Low CT requirements

Single Busbar Application
BB1 BB2
P742 P742
P742 P742 P742 P741 P742 P742 P742
Peripheral Units
Peripheral Units Fibre Optic Central Unit Fibre Optic

Double Busbar Application
BB1 BB3
BB2 BB4
BB5
2 off P742 or
P743
P742 P742 P742 P743 P741
Peripheral Units Optical Fibre Central Unit

Module Interconnection
P741
P742 P743
Feeder 1 Feeder n
Scheme
Peripheral Units
Module interconnection is done via fibre optics

● Facilitates either a centralised or decentralised scheme.
● Each Peripheral Unit has a single Transmit and Receive fibre.
● Each Central Unit can accommodate up to 28 pairs of fibres from the Peripheral Units
● The fibre used must be Duplex Multimode 850nm, ST connectors with max attenuation of
7dB/km.
● The distance between the Central Unit and the Peripheral Unit, if distributed, therefore cannot exceed
1km.

MiCOM P740 Architecture
● The Central Unit (CU) and the Peripheral Units (PU)

are mounted in one or more cubicles.
● This architecture is ideal for the refurbishment of existing substations
Centralised Solution

● The Peripheral Units are installed in individual switchgear bays

distributed around the substation
● The maximum fibre optic length between the
Peripheral Units and the Central Unit is 1 km
● That leads to wiring cost reduction
Distributed Solution

Bias Differential Characteristic
Differential Phase Fault Elements
ias
idiff (t)
Ib
%
00
Tripping
=1
area %
90
f
dif
to 0%
eI
X X 20 to
9
Lin
i i i = 0
1 c 2 k2 CZ=
k
X IDCZ>2 RESTRAIN
X X ID>2 AREA
i i %
3 m k1 = 0 to 50
ID>1
ibias Z(t)
Differential current: idiffnode1 (t) = i1 + i3 + … + ic ibias CZ(t)
Differential current: idiffnode2 (t) = ic + i2 + … + im
Σ in|
Operating current: idiff (t)= |idiffnodeX (t)| = |Σ
Zone 1 Bias current: ibiasZ(t) = |i1| + | i3| + … + |ic| = Σ |in1|
Zone 2 Bias current: ibiasZ(t) = |ic| + |i2| + |im| = Σ |in2|
CZ Bias current: ibiasCZ(t) = |iFeeder1| + … + |iFeederm| = Σ |iFeederm|
Check Zone Supervision
● Check Zone element must operate for a bus bar trip command to be issued
● Total Idiff = Sum of current node idiff
● idiff(t) CZ = Σ idiff = Σ (Σ i) 
● Any in-zone fault will be seen as zone differential current
● Any fault will also be seen as a check or total zone differential current
● Under plant discrepancy conditions there will be an equal but opposite current
in an adjacent zone cancelling this error in the check zone value and prevent
maloperation

Check Zone Elements
Dead Zone Fault Processing
CTS on One Side of Bus Coupler and CB Closes Before Status Acquisition
ILOAD through CB
Zone 1 BB1 BB2 Zone 2
EN
IdiffZ1= 0 IdiffZ2 = + ILOAD
Id EN1
= - i load
CB CLOSED
but auxiliary
contact OPEN
Check zone
Idiff = Σ idiff = idiffZ1+ idiffEN1 + idiffZ2 =0
● To replicate the open CB, the topology creates a dead zone (EN) located between the CT and the CB.
● The differential currents (idiff EN and idiff2) which are a resultant of the discrepancy status, are cancelled out in
the check zone element
● Hence, the system keeps its stability when there are discrepancies in plant status

Check Zone Elements
CTS on Both Sides of Bus Coupler and CB Closes Before Status Acquisition
ILOAD through CB
EN1 EN2
IdiffZ1= 0 IdiffZ2 = 0
Id EN1 Id EN2
= - i load = +i load
CB CLOSED
but auxiliary
contact OPEN
Check zone
Idiff = Σ idiff = idiffZ1+ idiffEN1 + idiffEN2 + idiffZ2 =0
● To replicate the open CB the topology algorithm creates two dead zones (EN1 and EN2) located between the
CTs and the CB.
● The differential current (idEN) resulting from the plant status discrepancy are
cancelled out in the check zone element
● Hence, the system keeps its stability when there are discrepancies in plant status
Check Zone Elements
CT on One Side of Bus Coupler With CB Closed - Stage 1
IdiffZ1= 0 IdiffZ2= Ifault
Check zone
Idiff = Σ idiff = idiffZ1+ idiffZ2 = iFault
● A fault between the CT and the CB is detected as an internal fault in the opposite zone. (Zone 2)
● The fault is cleared in two stages:
● 1st = opposite zone - zone 2
● 2nd = faulty zone - zone 1 (see next slide)

Check Zone Elements
Dead Zone CTS
Fault Processing
on One Side of Bus Coupler With CB Open
Zone 1- Stage 2, zone 2 tripped fault still present. Zone 2
EN
IdiffZ1= 0 IdiffZ2= 0
Idiff EN1
= - iFault
Check zone
Idiff = Σ idiff = idiffZ1+ idiffEN1 + idiffZ2 =iFault
● As before for an open CB the topology algorithm creates the dead zone (EN) which is located between
the CT and the open CB.
● This dead zone is treated as an extension of the adjacent main zone.
A fault occurring on it, leads to the tripping of the adjacent main zone (Zone 1). The operation is then
the second stage of the previous sequence.
Zone Elements
CTS on Both Sides of Bus Coupler With CB Closed
and Fault Between CT and CB
Zone 1 BB1 IdiffZ3 = IFault BB2 Zone 2
VZ
IdiffZ1= 0 IdiffZ2 = 0
Check zone
Idiff = Σ idiff = idiffZ1+ idiffZ3 + idiffZ2 =iFault
● With the CB closed and with CTs on either side of the CB the topology algorithm creates a virtual
zone common to both main zones
● A fault occurring between the CT and CB leads to the simultaneous
tripping of both main zones

Multiple Tripping Criteria
Central Unit (87 BB)
Peripheral Unit
idiff(t) > IS + k . ibias (t ) Local confirmation I>BB or
1
IN>BB
ID>2
&
∆I ≠ 0 in more than 1 feeder 2
&
87 CZ = Check Zone confirmation 3 Local signal processing
No CT saturation detected
4
No CT broken secondary detected
For the central unit to issue a busbar For the peripheral unit to issue
protection trip the following criteria must be met: the local trip the following
Slope of characteristic and exceeds differential optional criteria can also be met:
current setting Local confirmation I>BB (or
(IS + k . ibias and ID>2) IN>BB) threshold has been
Check Zone operated exceeded
Signal quality satisfactory i.e.
No CT saturation detected
and No CT broken secondary detected
(algorithm based on processing delta values)

Peripheral Units
Back-up Protection
● Non-directional Phase Overcurrent Protection [50/51]

● Stage 1: IDMT (IEC or IEEE curves) or Definite Time
● Stage 2: Definite Time
● Non-directional Earth Fault Protection [50/51N]
● Stage 1: IDMT (IEC or IEEE curves) or Definite Time
● Stage 2: Definite Time
Back-up Protection
Overcurrent & Earth Fault

Peripheral Units
CB Failure Protection [50BF]
CU
87BB
CB Backtrip
Failed order
(3) (4)
BB1 BB2
Trip order (1)

Other CB
Protection Failed
(2)
PU PU PU
50BF 50BF 50BF
PU 50BF

System Topology
Dynamic topology analysis and configuration via GUI Topology Configurator:

Allows any busbar configuration to be accommodated
Single/ Double / Transfer busbar configurations acceptable
CT and primary plant locations defined in configurator
Up to 8 main zones on the system
Up to 28 Peripheral Units per Central Unit

Topology Configurator
Synoptic View / Unit Association

Monitoring
Dynamic Synoptic from CU

MiCOM P740 Numerical Busbar Protection
Summary
● Fully numeric, modular solution
● Fully supervised
● Distributed solutions
● No CT Secondary switching
● Innovative CT Saturation detection method
● 40:1 CT Mismatch permitted
● Innovative topology configuration & processing
● Up to 8 zones with 28 bays
● Especially suited to larger topologies
● Secure, sensitive and fast
● Multiple criteria for operation
● Separate SEF differential element
● Sub-cycle operation

MiCOM P746
P746
Scheme

MiCOM P746 Numerical Busbar Protection
● MiCOM P746 is:
Fast & Reliable
Sub-cycle tripping time
19 ms typical with standard output relays
14 ms typical with high speed output relays
Flexible & Easy to use
One box or 3 box Centralised solutions
Dynamic substation monitoring tool
PSL (Programmable Scheme Logic)
Selective
Phase segregated low impedance solution
Secure
● Differential algorithms supervised by a Biased Check Zone
and Phase comparison
● Dead zone protection & 50 BF protection

MiCOM P746 Numerical Bus Relay
Features Check Zone CB Failure
Protection
Busbar Dead Zone
Commissioning Overcurrent
Tools Protection
Continuous
Measurements monitoring
Disturbance CT & VT
Recorder Supervision
Function Keys Tricolour LEDs
Event &
Fault records CB & Isolator
Programmable
Supervision
Scheme Logic
● The MiCOM P746 solutions:
● P746 – One P746 (One box solution),
● Processes the measurements from the 3 phase
CTs with Ethernet board, hotkeys & function keys
and tricolour LEDs
– (comprises all differential protection
algorithms)
● P746 – Three P746 (3 box solution),

● Processes the measurements from the single
phase CTs with Ethernet board, hotkeys & function
keys and tricolour LEDs
● There is one P746 per phase (A,B,C), they are all
independent to each other.
– (comprises all differential protection
algorithms) P746

● A MiCOM P746 supports:
● One box solution 3 box solution
● up to 6 sets of CTs up to 18 sets of CTs
● up to 1 set of VTs up to 3 sets of VTs
● up to 2 zones + CZ up to 2 zones + CZ
● Architecture is centralised
Maximum configuration

MiCOM P746 Numerical Busbar Protection Summary
● Fully numeric, simple solution
● Fully supervised
● One box concept in small substation topologies
● No CT Secondary switching
● Easy topology configuration & processing
● Up to 2 zones with 18 bays
● Secure, sensitive and fast
● Easily configurable
● Schemes can be engineered by all OEMs, VARs, utilities
● Schemes can be extended with minimal engineering work
● No special tools to engineer – just use MiCOM S1 Studio

MiCOM Motor Protection Solution

Motor Management - Objectives
● Industrial process continuity

● To minimise damage to motor / load
● To avoid further similar faults via post fault analysis
● Real Time Centralised Supervision
● Solution depends upon several factors:-
● Motor Rating
● Importance of Load/Process
● Level of integration required

MiCOM Solutions Motor Management
Faults on the system: 52

Phase faults,
Earth faults,
Voltage dips, Faults due to the load:
Loss of/unbalanced supply... Load variations
Unbalance
Locked Rotor
Coupling Faults…
Faults inside the motor:

Mechanical failure
Insulation failure…
Overheating
Field Faults (Synch m/c ’s) LOAD

P241
P225
P220
P211

● P211 - Small LV induction motors

● P220 - Large LV/Small MV induction motors
● P225 - Medium LV/MV Induction Motors
● P241 - Large MV Induction & Synchronous
Motors

MiCOM P211 Protection Features
MiCOM P211 49 Thermal

50 Short Circuit
49 50 46 37 46 Unbalance
37 Undercurrent
26 Temperature
26

MiCOM P220 Protection Features
MiCOM P220 50S Locked Rotor
49 50 46 37 51N Earth Fault

48 Prolonged Start
50S 51N 48
66 Jogging Protn
66 14 26
14 Underspeed

MiCOM P220 I/O Facilities
MiCOM P220 86 Lockout

Inputs
49 50 46 37 Emergency Start
External Reset
50S 51N 48 Voltage Dip
Setting Group
66 14 26 86 DR Trigger
Logic

Protection MiCOM P225
MiCOM P225
27 Undervoltage
27 49 50 46 37
37 59 Overvoltage
59 50BF 50S 51N 48 50BF CB Fail
66 14 26 86

MiCOM P225
Busbars
Trip output Line-line VT
relay
52 Trip
6 logic
86 50BF 27 59 27LV TCS 14 66 inputs
Phases 3
ABS 74 4 auxiliary
CT’s 50 51 48 50S 51LR 49 46 37 relays
Earth WD Watchdog
CT P225
50N 51N
RS485
Option Option RS485
communication
30 38 49 0-20/4-20mA
Motor RS232 Setting software
10 RTD’s or 2 analogue
3 thermistor inputs outputs

MiCOM 225
Additional Features
● Anti-backspin protection
● Trip Circuit supervision
● Increase I/O facilities
● 2 Optional analogue outputs
● Optional 10 RTDs, or 3 thermistors
● 6 opto inputs (1 fixed)
● Oscillography
● Start-up current & voltage profile recording
● Additional power measurements

P24x---the complete motor management solution
Models
● P241 Numerical Motor Protection

Relay

relay, as P241 with function keys
and Tri-colour LED`s, additional I/O
Relay, as P242 with Machine
Differential

MiCOM P24x Solution for Motors
● Integrated protection for synchroneous motors :

● Better protection, easiness and money saving
● Thermal image corrected by the ambient temperature :

● Better protection, repair cost reduction and industrial process continuity
● Programmable curves for thermal, short circuit, derived earth fault
and sensitive earth fault protection
● Integrated differential protection for large motors
● Re-acceleration authorization :
● Selective motor shut down and industrial process continuity
● Integrated programmable scheme logics :

● Flexibility, user friendly and money saving

P24x Functional Over View Diagram

MiCOM P24x Functional Over View

Protecting your different motors – Selector guide



MiCOM Generator Protection Solutions

P340 SeriesGeneration Protection Relays
Models
● P341 Interconnection Protection
Relay
● P342 Generator Protection
● P343 Generator Protection with 87G,
78, 27TN, Dead Machine (27/50)
● P344 Generator Protection, as P343
with 2nd neutral voltage (59N) input
● P345 Generator Protection as P344
with 100% Stator Earth Fault via low
frequency injection (64S)
● P391 Rotor earth fault coupling unit

Technical mapping
Generator protection full range offering
Generator
Size (MVA)
Large > 50
P343/4/5
Medium < 10
P342 MX3IPG2A
P341/ P391
Small < 1 P141/
P13x
Key functions
Under & Over Voltage RTD’s (Temp Probes) Differential
Voltage Dependant Overcurrent Field Failure 100% Stator Earth Fault (150Hz)
Negative Sequence OC
Under & Over Frequency Overfluxing 100% Stator Earth Fault (20Hz injection)
Earth Fault P345
Reverse Power Thermal Overload
Pole Slipping
MX3 IPG2A/P391 : Rotor Earth Fault

Comprehensive Protection

P341 Interconnection Protection
64
67N
50 50N
46 51 51N
59N
67
81O df dV 27
81U 59 47
dt
32
R,LF,O

P342 Generator Protection
P342 functions for smaller/medium
rating machines
VTS
27 81O 81
59 81U 24 47
AB
RTD
50 51V
CTS 51 21 32 40 46
R,LF,O
67N 50N
64 51N
59N

P343/4/5 Generator Protection:Protection Functions (1)
P343/4/5 additional functions for

medium/large machines
27 81O 87G Generator differential
59 81U
50/51 Overcurrent protection
51V/21 Voltage dependent backup
87G 50/51N Stator earth fault
59N Neutral displacement
67N Sensitive directional E/F
50 51V 27TN 100% Stator E/F 3rd harmonic
51 21 64S 100% ST E/F low freq inj – P345
27 & 59 Under & over voltage
67N 50N
51N 81U/O Under & overfrequency
32 Sensitive power (1 ph)
59N 27TN 64S
32
Note: P344/5 have 2 measured neutral voltage (59N) inputs

P343/4/5 Generator Protection:Protection Functions (2)
47 81
24 AB 32R Reverse power (3ph)
32L Low forward power (3ph)
32O Overload power (3ph)
40 Field failure
RTD 46 Negative phase seq. O/C
24 Overfluxing
40 46 27/50 Dead Machine (GUESS)
38/26 RTD Thermal protection
32R 49 Thermal Replica
32L 78 49
320 78 Pole slipping
47 NPS Overvoltage
81AB Turbine abnormal freq.

Technical mapping generator protection
Small/medium size machines Medium/large size machines
P342 + P391 rotor earth fault relay P343/4/5 + P391
P343/4/5 includes all P342
functions +
87G Generator differential
27TN/64S 100% Stator E/F
78 Pole slipping
VTS
27/50 Dead machine
27 81O 81
59 81U 24 47 AB
RTD
CTS 50 51V 32 46
51 21 40
R,LF,O
64 67N 50N
51N P342 functions
59N Note: P344/5 have 2 measured neutral voltage (59N) inputs

P345 have 2 20Hz voltage and current inputs for 100%
Stator E/F by injection
P340 Series Conclusion
● More integration, less panel space, less interwiring, lower installation cost
● Extensive measurement and recording replaces panel
meters/transducers/fault recorders
● NO and NC contacts along with graphical PSL replace functions of PLC
● Self monitoring removes the need for extensive periodic injection testing
● Cost effective protection redundancy when duplicate protection is applied

Generator Protection Selector guide
Functions
Solution
Codes ANSI
+ Differential
Yes 87G,78,27TN,21,32,40,64,
MiCOM + Pole Slipping
P > 5 MVA 24,51V,50,51,67P,50N,51N,67N,
+100% stator EF
46,32N,49,27,59,59N,47,81U,81O P343/4/5
No
+Dir Earth Fault
Yes 64,24,67P,67N, 59N,47,81U,81O, MiCOM +Over Freq
P > 1 MVA 21, 32,40,51V,50,51, 50N,51N,,
P342 +NVD
46,32N,49,27,59,
+ Temperature
No
MiCOM +Field Failure
Yes 21,32,40,37, +Overfluxing
P241
P > 500kVA 51V,50,51, 50N,51N, +Under Frequency
46,32N,49,27,59, 24,81U,26
+ Field Failure
MX3IPG1A
No +Under impedance
Yes 32,64,
P > 100KVA 51V,50,51,67P,50N,51N,67N, MiCOM
46,49,27,59,59N,81U,81O P127

Transformer Protection
MiCOM P64x, P63x

MiCOM P64x, P63x
Transformer Differential Protection
Applications
Unit Auxiliary
Transformers
Generators Auto Transformers
Two/Three Winding
Motors Transformers
Short Ring Bus Fed

Interconnectors Windings
Reactors

P64x Overview
Basic Models
New!
Feature P642 P643 P645
φ sets Phase CT inputs
2 x 3φ √

3 x 3φ √

5 x 3φ √
2 neutral CT inputs √
3 neutral CT inputs √ √
1 VT input for overfluxing √ √ √

3 Phase VT inputs Option Option

P63x Overview
Basic Models
Feature P631 P632 P633 P634

2 x 3φ √ √

3 x 3φ √

4 x 3φ √
2 neutral CT inputs √
3 neutral CT inputs √ √
1 single phase VT input √ √ √

Conventional Two Winding Input Applications
MiCOM P642/P632
HV+LV
P642

Three Bias Input Applications
MiCOM P643/P633
HV+LV+TV
P643
Three Bias Input Applications
MiCOM P643/P633
HV+LV
P643

Application for Transformers with Dual CT Inputs
Per Winding: MiCOM P645
HV+LV+TV
Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date

P645
207
Vector Group, Ratio Mismatch and Zero-
Sequence Compensation (1)
Power transformer
Ratio
correction
P64x/P63x
Scheme Vectorial
correction
Zero Seq.
87T trap
Software Compensation Software Compensation

Vector Group, Ratio Mismatch and Zero-
Sequence Compensation Setting Wizard
HV 12
O'clock LV + Hour(s)
C
C
B
B
A
A
● Enter reference power (Sn): MVA
● Enter line voltage for each winding
● Enter CT primary and secondary current ratings
● Enter Vector Group (Clock Notation) for LV and TV windings
● Set which windings are grounded. The relay applies a zero sequence filter (“Delta
trap”) if the winding is grounded.
All you have to do: Set Transformer Nameplate Data, and CT Ratios
P64x Differential (87T)
● Operating Characteristic
● Lowset - biased differential, with triple slope
● Fourier measurement, 8 calculations / cycle
● ‘Maximum bias’ across phases & last 8 measurements
● Two highset elements
● Highset 1
● Peak sample measurement
● Merges with lowset
:
● Faster clearance for heavy internal faults
● Not blocked for magnetizing inrush
or transient overfluxing conditions
● Highset 2
● Fourier measurement
● Unbiased
● Not blocked for magnetizing inrush or transient overfluxing conditions.

Biased differential characteristic
Characteristic equations:
I
v 0 ≤ Ibias ≤ s1
K1
Iop = Is1
Is1
:
v ≤ Ibias ≤ Is2
K1
Iop = K1 ⋅ Ibias
v Ibias ≥ Is 2
Iop = K 1 ⋅ Is 2 + K 2 (Ibias − Is 2 )

Biased differential characteristic
Characteristic equations:
I >
v 0 ≤ Ibias ≤ diff
: 2
Iop = Idiff >
v Idiff >
≤ Ibias ≤ IR ,m 2
2
Iop = m 1 ⋅ Ibias + Idiff > (1 − 0 . 5 ⋅ m 1 )
v Ibias ≥ Is 2
Iop = m 2 ⋅ Ibias + Idiff > ⋅(1 − 0 . 5 ⋅ m 1 ) + IR ,m 2 ⋅ (m 1 − m 2 )
Calculation of bias and differential currents
P64x bias and differential current:
Idiff , y = Is, y ,CT 1 + Is, y ,CT 2 + Is, y ,CT 3 + Is, y ,CT 4 + Is, y ,CT 5
Ibias,y = 0.5 ⋅  Is,y,CT1 + Is,y,CT 2 + Is,y,CT3 + Is,y,CT 4 + Is,y,CT5 

 
P63x bias and differential current:

More than 2 windings: 2 windings:
I diff , y = I s , y , a + I s , y , b
Idiff , y = Is, y,a + Is,y,b + Is,y,c + Is,y,d
Ibias,y = 0.5 ⋅  Is,y,a + Is,y,b + Is,y,c + Is,y,d 

  [
Ibias,y = 0.5 ⋅ Is,y,a − Is,y,b ]
Differential (87T)
● Mag Inrush Restraint (P64x and P63x)
● Monitoring of 2nd harmonic in differential current
● Lowset is blocked based on the ratio Id(2*fn) / Id(fn)
● Highset elements are not blocked
● Transient Bias (only P64x)
● Stability must be maintained for external fault with CT saturation
● Mismatched samples during saturation must not cause tripping
:
● Bias transiently increased to improve through fault stability
● Removed after the relay has tripped and when Ibias < Is1
● CT Saturation detection (only P63x)
● Improve stability during external faults with CT saturation

P6xx Differential CTS (1)
Patent Number US7279905
● The ratio of Negative (I2) to Positive (I1) sequence current is measured for each CT
input.
The output of the AND gate is HIGH only if CTS I2/I1>2 of CT1 is high and I2/I1 ratio in all the other
current inputs is below the standing unbalance of the system.

P6xx Differential CTS (2)
● The CTS function is fast enough (<25 ms) to prevent spurious
differential trip.
● The CTS function does not involve voltages
● Two modes
● Alarm mode
Indication Only
● Restrain Mode
Idiff> (CTS) de-sensitised
to avoid a trip
on max. load

Transformer Protection Solution
Protection
Protection
Backup
主保护
Main
P14x P 64x 40 系列
P139 P 63x 30 系列
P12x 20 系列
P12y

MiCOM P821
Breaker failure Solution

Introduction
P821
P821 is a fast, stand alone breaker

failure protection relay
Undercurrent detectors, for reliable
indication of CB poles open
Phase-segregated - suitable for single
and three pole tripping applications
All timers included
A one-box breaker fail solution
Simple and easy to programme -
standard MiCOM Px20 setting procedure
Minimal commissioning

MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection Market
● The customers are:
● Transmission
● Generation
● Distribution
● Industry
● Voltages:
● Medium Voltage
● High Voltage
● Extreme High Voltage
World-wide Market

MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions MiCOM
Functions Common N a mes
P821
CB FAIL 50BF (Ph), I< X
CB FAIL Ea rth 50BF (N ), IN < X
Sta ge 1 Timer tBF1 X
Sta ge 2 Timer tBF2 X
Dea d Zone (End Zone) DBI X
Pole discrepa ncy Poles N ot Together X
Circuit Brea ker monitoring,
X
control a nd sta tistics
Auxilia ry timers tAUX 2
La tching output conta cts 86, Lockout X
Setting groups 2
Mea surements (True RMS) Metering 4
Event records SOE 75
Fa ult records 5
Disturba nce records Oscillography 5 x 3 sec
RS 232 front communica tion Comms X
RS 485 rea r communica tion Comms X

MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions
● Auxiliary function
●2 auxiliary timers
●Trip statistic
●Frequency, phase and earth current measurement
●5 disturbance recorders (max. 3s)
●5 fault records
●75 event records ● Digital Control
● Communication available Systems
●Modbus
●IEC 103
●Courier
●DNP3
Full communication
Two Circuit Breaker Auto-Reclose & Check Synch Applications
P841 Multifunction Line Terminal

IED

Models Available
● P841 Model A : Multifunction device for Single breaker applications.
Model A in 60TE case with 16 inputs, 14 Outputs

One 3Φ CT set, One 3Φ VT, and One check synch. VT
● P841 Model B : Multifunction device for Dual breaker applications.
Model B in 80TE case with 24 inputs, 32 Outputs

Two 3Φ CT sets, One 3Φ VT, and Two check synch. VTs

MiCOM P841 Main Functionality
Multifunctional, Multi-application
Multi-Breaker
Transmission-Class Check Synch. Breaker Fail
Autoreclose Re-trip & Backtrip
Communications, Voltage, Current &

GOOSE.... Freq. Protection
Local/Remote Fault Location,

Control & Monitoring Events, Recording
Programmable Logic,
I/O Marshalling

Typical Applications: Model A and Model B
EHV/UHV
overhead line
CB1
P841 A P841 B CB2

(60TE) (80TE)
Controls Controls
one C.B. two C.B.s
LFAA 101 LFAA 102
EHV/UHV
overhead line
Typical Application: “Leader –Follower Scheme” for One-and-Half-
Breaker installation
EHV/UHV
overhead line
CB1
Controls P841 B
two C.B.s (80TE)
CB2
Controls P841 B
two C.B.s (80TE) CB1
LFAA 102

Main/Backup Protection
● Four stages of directional/non-directional phase overcurrent protection

● Four stages of directional/non-directional earth fault protection
● Back up voltage protection

MiCOM P841 Summary
● Autoreclose with check synchronism for all transmisson and subtransmission applications:
● Topologies: Single breaker, breaker and a half, double bus, ring bus
● Single and/or three pole tripping
● Fast breaker fail elements for single and dual trip coil breakers
● Retripping and backtripping, on a per breaker basis
● PSL logic offers performance of an internal PLC, for interlocking, SCADA communication,
GOOSE and other schemes.
● Large binary I/O count for breaker and isolator interface, and trip circuit supervision
schemes.
● Wide range of backup/dual main protection functions to complement MiCOM distance,
current differential or phase comparison relays deployed as Main 1.
● Condition monitoring of CB bay aids maintenance scheduling
● Fault location and recording to help maintenance despatching
● Function keys for easy trip/close commands, and in/out on/off switching of control
functions
● Full communications connectivity, including IEC 61850.

Voltage and Frequency
Protection Solution

P92x Voltage and Frequency Protection
● MiCOM P92x range : Types
P921 : Under/Over Voltage

P922 : P921 + Frequence (f + t)
P923 : P922 + Frequence(df/dt + t)

ANSI Models
Code Functions Description
P921 P922 P923
59 Phase Over-Voltage (3 thresholds) • • •
• • •
27 Phase Under-Voltage (3 thresholds)
59N Zero Sequence Over-Voltage (3 th) • • •
(Earth fault at the Generator neutral)
• •
47 Negative Sequence Over-voltage (2 th)
(Unbalanced condition (Motor bay))
• •
27D Positive Sequence Under-voltage (2 th)
81U Under-Frequency (out of 6 thresholds) • •
Over-Frequency (out of 6 thresholds) • •

81O
81R Frequency rate of change (df/dt) (6th) •

MiCOM P94x Series
Models
P941 - 8 Opto Inputs, 7 Contacts, 8” Case


● MiCOM P94x range : Application
6 stages load shedding and Load Restoration, each having:
Time delayed over / under frequency protection (f+t)

Time delayed over / under ROCOF protection (df/dt +t)
Frequency supervised ROCOF protection (f+df/dt)
Long time average rate of change of frequency (f+f/t)
Back up two stage Under and Over Voltage Protection

Four stages of Generator Abnormal Protection Monitors that
lifetime running allowance in set frequency bands below and
above nominal is not exceeded

Capacitor Protection Solution

Capacitor Fault Type Protecion Function
Short Overcurrent
System Over voltage Over Voltage
System Under voltage Under Voltage
Unbalance Unbalanced current
Capacitor Protection

Protection
Capacitor
P14x 40
P132/9 30
P127
20
3 Platforms, 6 Models
Auto switch Solution

● Types

P14x
40
P139 30
P12y 20
P92x

Basbar I voltage monitor Basbar II voltage monitor & auto

P921/P141 switch implementation
P142/P143/P139

Thank you

02 MiCOM P Overview 2011

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02 MiCOM P Overview 2011

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MiCOM Overview

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 3

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 4

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 5

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 6

MiCOM P Series : Protection Relays

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 7

PX10 PX20 PX30 PX40

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 8

P800 Autoreclose Relays

P700 Busbar Protection Relays

P600 Transformer Protection Relays

P500 Line Differential Relays

P400 Distance Protection Relays

P300 Generator Protection Relays

P200 Universal Motor Protection Relay

P100 Feeder Management Relays

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 9

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 11

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 12

P211 Motor Protection Relays

P11x Overcurrent Relays

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 13

● Dedicated for LV market

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 14

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 15

P920 Voltage / Frequency Relays

P821 CB Fail Relays

P521 Line Differential and Unit Protection

P220 Motor Protection Relays

P120 Overcurrent Relays

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 16

● Compact case (4U / 20-30 TE)

Standardize and highly reliable hardware

Flexible and user friendly firmware

Earth Fault CT Input Selection

● Three current ranges selectable AT ORDER

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 19

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 20

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 21

P630 Transformer Differential

P530 Line Differential

P430 Distance Relays

P130 Feeder Relay

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 22

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 23

● Two available rear RS485 communication port

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 24

INP Binary Input Output OUTP

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 25

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 26

P840 Autoreclose Relays

P740 Busbar Protection Relays

P640 Transformer Protection Relays

P540 Line Differential and Unit Protection

P440 Distance Protection Relays

P340 Generator Protection Relays

P240 Universal Motor Protection Relay

P140 Feeder Management Relays

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 27

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 28

Schneider Electric - Division - Name – Date 29

Fixed scheme LEDs