Digital Cartography

❑ Digital cartography is a form of

cartography that uses computer
technology for the graphical
representation of maps.

❑ Digital cartography uses geographic

information systems (GIS).
 GPS (Global Positioning System)

❑ It is a system that allows to

determine the position of any
object (a person, a vehicle), with
an accuracy of up to centimeters
throughout the Earth.
 GIS (Geographic Information System)

❑ Is an organized integration of hardware,

software and geographic data
designed to capture, store, manipulate,
analyze and display geographically
referenced information in all its forms in
order to solve complex planning and
management problems.

.
MAPS

❑ Geographical representation of the Earth, or

part of it, on a flat surface, according to a
scale.

❑ Maps can represent territories of different

dimensions, so they can be local, regional,
continental, or global.
VISUALIZATION
❑ Visualization refers to any technique for
creating images, diagrams, or
animations in order to communicate a
message.

❑ In cartographic terms it is the

conversion of spatial data from a
database into graphics.
 GEOCODING

❑ Geocoding is the process of assigning

geographic coordinates (latitude-
longitude) to points on the map
(addresses, points of interest, etc).

❑ The geographic coordinates produced

can then be used to locate the point on
the map in a Geographic Information
System.
 GIS MAPPING

❑ Is a system designed to capture,

store, manipulate, analyze, manage,
and present all types of
geographical data.

❑ The key word to this technology is

Geography, In other words, data that
is in some way referenced to
locations on the earth.
GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

❑ Geographic analysis is the study

and determination of
characteristics of geographic
areas, people, companies, etc.
attending to their location at a
point in space.
SURVEYOR
TOOLS
 Tape Measure
o It is a common measurement
tool. The tape measure
performs the function of
measuring short and long
distances. They are made of
steel or aluminum sheet and,
in general, the most used are
those of 50 and 100 meters.
Plumb
o It is a heavy piece of metal
that is cylindrical or conical in
shape. It is used hanging from
a rope and serves to mark
and determine the verticals
during measurements.
 MALLET
o A mallet or combo is a hand
tool used to hit or strike; It is
shaped like a hammer, but is
larger and heavier.
o It consists of a handle and the
head perpendicular to the
handle.The surveyor uses it to
drive the stakes.
STAKES
o It is a wooden post with a sharp
end. Stakes in surveying are used
to mark relevant points or sections.
They usually measure between 30
cm to 40 cm and are installed
permanently or temporarily. They
are usually painted in bright colors
for easy identification.
 COMPASS SPIRIT LEVEL

o The compass is an orientation o It is a measuring

instrument that uses a instrument used to
magnetized needle to determine the
indicate the Earth's magnetic horizontality or verticality
north. of an element.
 FIELD NOTEBOOK CALCULATOR
o A calculator is a device used
o This is one of the most to perform arithmetic
important and basic calculations.
surveying tools. A record o The complexity of calculators
of the actions taken changes depending on their
should always be kept. purpose.
o The surveyor uses it in the field
to perform his calculations.
 REFLECTIVE VEST HELMET

o The helmet is a surveyor's safety

o A reflective vest is a clothing tool, it protects the head of the
sometimes used by surveyors for user from dangers and
their safety on road works or mechanical blows. It can also
places where cars circulate. protect against other risks of a
mechanical, thermal or
electrical nature.
 SURVEYOR
EQUIPMENT
 TOTAL STATION THEODOLITE

• It is an electronic-optical instrument
used for surveying and building
construction. It consists of the • The theodolite is a
incorporation of a distance meter and mechanical-
a microprocessor to an electronic optical measuring
theodolite. instrument used to
obtain vertical
and horizontal
angles, in most
cases, an area in
which it has high
precision.
 TOPOGRAPHIC LEVEL DIFFERENTIAL GPS
• It is an optical instrument that is used to
establish or verify points on the same • It is a system that
horizontal plane in a process known as provides GPS
leveling whose purpose is to measure receivers with
unevenness between points that are at corrections of
different heights or to transfer heights data received
from a known point to an unknown point. from GPS
satellites, in order
to provide
greater precision
of the calculated
position.
 LASER SCANNER 3D DISTANCE METER
• It is a device that analyzes an object or • It is an
a scene to gather data on its shape electronic
and occasionally its color. The measuring
information obtained can be used to instrument that
build three-dimensional digital models calculates the
that are used in a wide variety of distance from
applications. the device to
the next point it
is aimed at.
 PRISM TRIPOD
• A topographic prism is an apparatus, • It is the support for
used for surveying measurement, of a different measuring
circular shape that is made up of a set instruments such as
of crystals. Thus, the function of said theodolites, total
crystals is to project the EMD signal stations, levels or
produced by an electronic theodolite transits. It has three
or a total station. wooden or metal
feet that are
extendable and end
in iron studs with
stirrups to step on
and nail into the
ground.
 RANGING ROAD STADIA SIGHTS
• These topographic survey tools are
• It is a long wooden post, with a graduated rulers that incorporate a spirit
cylindrical section, where a binocular is level. Sights are used to measure slopes or
do trigonometric calculations in the field.
mounted on the upper part, and finished
off with a steel rod on the lower part,
where it is driven into the ground.
THANK YOU!