DIMARANAN, Carlo G.

August 27, 2020

G060 (MW 9:00-10:30) Assignment #2

Types of Surveying
Plane Surveying
Plane surveying is a particular type of surveying where the surface of the earth is
considered as a plane and the arc of the earth isn’t considered. The line associating any two
points in a straight line and points of polygons and plane edges.
Plane surveying can be subdivided in the following ways.
A. Chain Surveying
Chain surveying is considered as part of surveying in which linear measurements
are made in the field. This is commonly used in small area with basic details and a
zone that is genuinely level.

B. Transverse Surveying
Transverse surveying is a technique in the field of surveying to build up control
systems. It is utilized also in geodesy. Transverse networks include putting survey
station along a line or path of movement, and after utilizing recently reviewed points
as a base for observing the next point.
C. Plane Table Surveying
Plane table surveying is a quick technique of surveying. In the table plane
surveying plotting of the plan and field observation can be done simultaneously.
D. Ordinary Leveling
Different elevation points provide elevation data that needed for construction.
Geodetic Surveying
Geodetic surveying is a part of survey which deals with areas so ex-tensive that it is
necessary to take over the true shape and measurements of the earth.
Geodetic surveying can be subdivided in the following ways.
A. Triangulation
Triangulation survey is the finding and measurements of a series of triangle to
find distances and relative places of points spread over an area, by measuring the
length of one side of every triangles and deducing its angle and length of other two
side by observation from this base line.
 B. Reciprocal Levelling
In reciprocal levelling, the level is set up on both bank of the stream or valley and
two set of staff reading is taken by holding the staff on both bank in this case it is
found that error is completely eliminated and true difference of level is equal to the
mean of the two apparent difference of level.
C. Tachometry or Stadia Surveying
Tachometry is a system of quick surveying, by which the horizontal and vertical
position of points on the world surface comparative with each other are resolved
without utilizing a chain or tape or a different leveling instrument.
D. Astronomical Surveying
A galactic surveying is an overall guide or picture of a region of the sky that lacks
a specific observational target. Then, again a cosmic survey may involve a lot of
numerous pictures or spectra of articles that share a typical sort or highlight.
E. Photographic Surveying
Used photographic images from image capturing devices and being develop into
drawing or 3D model of map.

Instruments Used in Surveying

1. Chain or Tapes
Used to measure distances on the field.
A. Ny clad Tape Measure
Can withstand harsh climates, nylon coated tapes are flexible, durable and will not
change dimension in even the most severe weather condition.
B. Fiberglass Tape Measure
Offer ease of use, accuracy, and stand up to wear and tear on the job, also add
safety from electrical hazard.
C. Measuring Wheels
Largely used for lower accuracy measurements, they are used to get the idea of
how long a given distance is, or used for distances where surveyor’s tape alone would
be impractical.
D. Laser Measuring Devices
 Used to calculate lengths, widths and heights of up to about 650 feet. They are
generally considered accurate to within an eighth of an inch, when measuring
distance of up to 300 feet.
2. Compass and Clinometers
Used to measure the angle of elevation, or angle from ground, in a right-
angled triangle. Also used to measure the height of tall things that you can’t possibly
reach to the top like flag poles, building or trees.
A. Silva Ranger
Ideal for measuring direction over long distances and offers high degree of
accuracy, precision and durability.
B. Brunton Omni-Slope Sighting Clinometer
Light weight and fast accurate reading.
3. Transit and Theodolites
Used by surveyors to measure both horizontal and vertical angles. While the
purpose of the two similar, as general rule a theodolite is more accurate than a transit.
4. Levels
Used to read elevation and the differences in elevation between two points.
5. Safety Gear
Used by crew workers to provide safety.
6. Prism and Reflection

Used to secured control points for accessible pinpoint height.

7. Magnetic Locators
Can locate items buried underground such as mag nails and PK nails that land
surveyors use.
8. Poles, Tripods, and Mount
To ensure solid, accurate and stable reading.