Present Perfect Review:

Present Perfect Simple (Never uses a specific time):

Form:

Have + - 3rd column of Irregular verbs

Has - verb + -ed for Regular verbs

Examples: She has bought a new car recently.

You have already eaten. It’s impossible you are hungry.

Uses:

- An action which started in a specific point in the past and has a result or effect in the present
(Focus on a result of a previous action)
- To say how many times something has been done (experiences)
- To talk about recent actions with “just” or “recently”

Key words:

- Already: After the auxiliary verb “have”. In affirmative sentences.

- Just: After the auxiliary verb “have”. In affirmative sentences to talk about recent actions. It is
translated as “acabar de” in Spanish.
- Yet: At the end of the sentence (after the compulsory complements). In negative sentences
and questions.
- Ever: After the auxiliary verb “have”. In questions to ask about experiences.

Key words for answers: Never, Once, Twice, Thrice or Three times, four times, etc…

Present Perfect Continuous:

Form:

Have + - 3rd column of the verb To Be + main verb + -ing (Gerund form)

Has

Examples: She has been studying for hours.

You have been eating too much since the lockdown started.

Uses:

- An action which started in a specific point in the past and has a result or effect in the present
(Focus on the length of time you’re been doing something).
- For temporary situations.
Notice the difference between these examples:
I have painted the kitchen. (finished action)
I have been painting the kitchen all day. (unfinished action)

Key words:

- For + length of time  I’ve been studying for hours.

- Since + point of time  I’ve been studying since I arrive home.