1.Brief the need of yards.

An area consisting of a network of railway tracks, sidings, and sheds for storing, maintaining,
and joining engines and carriages. A yard is defined as a system of tracks laid with indefinite
limits for various purposes such as receiving, sorting and dispatch of vehicles.

2.What are the types of stations?

Types of Stations

 Wayside Stations,
Wayside stations are of the following types.
i.Halt stations, ii. Flag Stations, iii. Crossing stations
 Junction Stations,
 Terminal Stations
3.Define bay platform

Generally two types of platforms

1. Passenger Platforms 2. Goods platforms

A bay platform is one at which the track terminates, i.e. a dead-end or siding.

4.Mention the methods the stabilization of soil

Following are four usual methods of stabilization of track on poor soil: Layer of moorum,
Cement grouting, Sand piles, Use of chemicals

5.What is signaling?

Signaling consists of the systems, devices and means by which trains are operated efficiently
and track are used to maximum extent, maintaining the safety of the passengers, the staff and
the rolling stock

6.Explain any three distinct advantage of air transport

The three distinct advantage of air transport are: Rapidity, continuous journey, accessibility.
Rapidity: It maintains the maximum speed possible as there is no interruption for the
movement except weather conditions.
Continuous journey: Air transport is continuous journey over land or water. There is no loss
of time and no interruption due to human beings or other modes of transport
Accessibility: it has the special ability to open up any inaccessible region by any other modes
of transport.
7.Why hangars are provided? A hangar is a closed building structure to hold aircraft or
spacecraft. Hangars are used for protection from the weather, direct sunlight and for
maintenance, repair, manufacture, assembly and storage of aircraft
8.What are aprons?

Aprons are the areas where the aircraft park. Aprons are also sometimes called ramps. They
vary in size, from areas that may hold five or ten small planes, to the very large areas that the
major airports have.`

9.Name the airport organizations.

Air Transport Agencies  International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)  Federal

Aviation Administration (FAA)  Airport Authority of India.  Air India International
Corporation.  Indian Airlines Corporation.  Private Air Transport Agencies, Jet Airways,
Sahara Airways.

10.Classify airports based on functions and aircraft – types

BASED ON FUNCTION.

a) Civil Aviation It is one of two major categories of flying, representing all non-military
aviation, both private and commercial.

• Domestic A domestic airport is an airport that handles only flights within the same
country. Domestic airports do not have customs and immigration facilities.
• International An international airport is an airport with customs and border control
facilities enabling passengers to travel between countries.
b) Military Aviation Military aviation is the use of military aircraft and other flying
machines for the purposes of conducting or enabling aerial warfare, including national airlift
capacity to provide logistical supply to forces stationed in a theater or along a front.

11.Name the types of platform

Generally two types of platforms

1. Passenger Platforms 2. Goods platforms

Passenger Platforms

 Minimum length = 61m

 Minimum width 3.6m

Goods platform

 They are similar to passenger platform but they are higher in their elevation
from rail level.
 Minimum width of platform = 3m
 Height For B.G = 1067mmFor M.G = 686mmFor N.G = 610mm
12.What are the types of Yards?

Types of Yards:

 Passenger yards,
 Goods yards,
 Marshalling yards,

Types of marshalling yards:

(i)Flat yard(ii)Gravity yard(iii)Hump yard

 Locomotive yards

13.What are the purposes of stations?

Purpose of Railway station

 For exchange of passengers and goods.

 For control of train movements

 To enable the trains on a single line track to cross from opposite directions.

To enable the following express trains to overtake For taking diesel or coal and water for
locomotives. For detaching engines and running staff

14.What are the methods in sub surface drainage?

1. Provision of an inverted fillers

2. Sand piling

3. Laying of Geotextiles

4. Other Methods

15.Differentiate block and non-block stations.

16.Define Aircraft.

“Any machine which finds its support in the atmosphere due to reactions of the air is defined
as an Aircraft”. It is a general term which includes aero-plane, helicopter, rocket, etc. It may
be lighter or heavier than air. a) subsonic aircraft- Aircraft speed is less than the speed of
sound b) supersonic aircraft- Aircraft speed is greater than the speed of sound.

17.What are the functions of ICAO?

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) creates regulations for aviation
safety, security, efficiency and regularity and environmental protection. The organization also
regulates operating practices and procedures covering the technical field of aviation.

18.Define minimum turning radius.

While making a turn, the nose gear is steered and hence it makes an angle with the axis of
main gear called angle of rotation.

 The point of intersection of axis of main gear and line through axis of steered nose gear is
called point of rotation.

 Max angle varies between 50 to 60 degrees

 The line joining the centre of rotation and the tip of farthest wing of aircraft is known as
minimum turning radius.

 The amount depends on size of aircraft

19.What are the components of airport layout?

Components of An Airport Layout 1. Runway 2. Terminal Building 3. Apron 4. Taxiway 5.

Aircraft Stand 6. Hanger 7. Control Tower 8. Parking