I L LU S T RAT E D S O U R C E B 0 0K of ME C H A N I CAL C 0 M P 0N E N T S

SECTION 6

EALS
Rubber Seals for Oil Retention 6-2
Non-Rubbing Seals for Oil Retention 6-4
How to Seal Air Ducts that Separate 6-6
More Seals for Ducting that Separate 6-8
Window Awning Unit Sealing 6-10
Window Casement Unit Seals 6-11
Multiple Seals & Bonding for Dam Retrofitting 6-12
6-2

Rubbing Seals for Oil Retention

David C. Spaulding, JR.

Rubbing seals cover all applications where a positive sliding contact exists between the seal
and either the rotating or stationary member. They are limited as to type of operation and
speed because of the friction between the contacting surfaces and they should not be used in

One piece or

return
sump

]<IC. I-Rubbing seal for oil lubrication. Felt, cork, asbestos,

natural or synthetic rubber or other materials can be used. The
natural resiliency of felt provides a close contact between seal and
shaft without the excessive pressures often encountered with other
types. It also absorbs and retains oil providing for almost con-
stant lubrication. For the retention of felt, design A is recom-
incndcd, because the tapered sides insure close contact and the
removable plate permits easy replacement. ( U ) and (C) may also
be used. Cork and asbestos should be retained as shown in ( U ) .
Groove must ICstraight sided and narrow enough to compress the
material slightly to prevrnt it from turning.

FIG. 2-14ronz:e or rast iron rings are frequently used to seal

bearings. This type of seal is equally effective for reciprocating
and rotary motion. Circumferential grooves arc cut in the shaft
and tho rings are compressed and inserted. They hear on the
housing emectively sealing in the lubricant.

Rotofing seal ring

FIG. %-High pressure and high rotative
bpeecls where leakage is critical use mechani-
cal face type seals. The seal has low total
friction, can withstand high misalignment
and compensates for wear. Parts of the seal
are: stationary seal ring, rotating seal ring,
flexihle type joint, (diaphragm, bellows, or
packing ring) spring, and retaining mem-
bers. The stationary member can be a n in-
tegral part of the bearing when a cast
bronze sleeve bearing is used. As illustrated,
the rotating seal ring, packing spring and
retaining member turn with the shaft and
the spring keeps the seal ring in contact.
 Seals & Packings 6-3

abrasive surroundings. Types that are held against the rotating member by spring pressure can
be used where there is a pressure head of fluids within the assembly or on the exterior. For
high pressure stuffing box and O-ring type seals are used. O-rings are also used for zero leakage.

FIG. &Rubbing seals, of the type shown, (A), have wide-

spread use in all types of equipment. The spring tension
and sealing ring material may be varied so that a variety of
applieations can be handled. Small units can be had where
the 0. D. is the same as the 0. D. of the sleeve bearing, (B),
thus eliminating the counterboring operation on the housing.
The seal may be reversed and used to keep foreign matter
out of the assembly. A drain hole may be provided to earry
away surplus lubricant. Retention is by press fit on the
outside diameter.

FIG. 5-Rubbing seals of the stuffing box type ( A ) , are used

where high pressure are encountered. It can be used for all
Bronze
,bearing types of motion and the packing material can be varied de-
I
pending upon the fluid to be sealed and the application. For
\ rotating motion some leakage is necessary so it cannot be used
\
when permissible leakage is zero. O-rings can also be used
Housing for rotary motion if the speed is slow. Special designs use
O-ring seals (B), when zero leakage is demanded for either
stationary or reciprocating motion.
- Shaft
haft This ring is made of natural rubber or synthetic rubber de-
-.
I- L pending on the type of solution resistance required. Synthetic
- - - -/Garter or stomped - -)
(- rubber, such as buna or neoprene, is resistant to aromatic
hydrocarbons, while natural rubber resists the action of alco-
hol and glycerine.
0-rings ean be located either in the shaft or in the housing
and any movement or pressure forces the ring to one side,
thereby forming a tight seal.

Bronze bearing Housing 4austing stud

,/and nul

.,o-r'"P
--$!.- I
.

,',
.
\

-I
6-4

Non-Rubbing Seals for Oil Retention

David C. Spaulding, JR.

There are two general types of seals: rubbing and non-rubbing. Non-rubbing seals use oil
or grease to lubricate mating surfaces and exclude foreign matter by forcing the lubricant
out between the bearing surfaces. These seals are not limited by operation or speed since

L ubricotion Oil gathering Oil gathering

groove -----\.
Grooves--

Fig.! Fig.2

Fig. 1-Non-rubbing seal for grease lubrication.

Grooves and housing are filled with grease at assembly
or an automatic feed system can be incorporated.
Seal offers protection against entrance of foreign
matter because of the outward flow of grease through
the labyrinth passages. Clearance between shaft and Lubricant
seal is about 1/64 inch.

Fig. 2-Non-rubbing seal for oil lubrication. Grooves

can be located in bearing, (A), or in housing, (B).
Grooves are connected to an oil return passage leading
to a sump in housing. This keeps oil loss to a mini-
“-Shaft
mum and maintains a constant supply to the bearing.
Design does not prevent entrance of foreign material.
Radical clearance between shaft and seal is 1/64 inch.

Bronze
Fig. 3-Seal for vertical hstallation. Circular groove
picks up lubricant and feeds it to a spiral groove in
bearing or shaft. Spiral feeds lubricant to top of
bearing. Lubricant runs down between shaft and bear-
&II. ! ’
,111 I I
---: I
I

ing. Design is effective when the shaft is rotating. OuisidL

end of
mechanism .--Rotation
counter
clockwise
Fig. &Similar to Fig. 3 but used for a horizontal in- looking ot
this end
stallation to reduce leakage of lubricant, Straight
groove feeds oil to the bearing. Circular groove col- Circular grc
lects oil and the spiral groove, .located in shaft or

E
!i
bearing, returns it to other end of hearing. Design groove
prevents loss of oil by leakage at outside end.
Fig.4
 Seals 8t Packings 6-5

friction is negligible. They are, however, often more expensive than rubbing seals since
the shaft, bearing, or housing must be grooved to distribute the lubricant. Distribution
over the bearing area is, however, better. Lubricants may be forced-fed or gravity-fed.

Fig. 5-Labyrinth seals offer good protection espe-

cially at high speeds where the narrow zigzag passage
is used in conjunction with centrifugal force. Oil and
foreign matter are separated by slinger which limits
oil flow past rotating member (A). Inner member
(B) throws oil back to sump. Member ( C ) throws
out foreign matter.

Fig. 6-Non-rubbing seal for oil lubrication. Shaft

rotation throws lubricant into the inboard groove ( B )
in the housing and is returned to the oil sump. First
slinger ( D ) throws foreign material out of the assem-
bly. Secnnd slinger (0)feeds foreign material out
through groove (A) and hole at (C). Lubricant feeds
between shaft and bearing to housing grooves.

Fig. ?'-Reservoir type feed for grease lubrication.

Grease is distributed in annular groove and feeds
through holes in bearing to lubricate the shaft.
Foreign matter can be excluded if clean grease is used.
Grease will be lost through open bearing ends and
assembly must be repacked periodically.

Fig. 8-Reservoir type feed for oil lubrication. Two

bearings are used forming an oil reservoir between
them. If porous wall type bearings are used oil will
saturate and feed through bearings to the shaft.
Outward flow of oil prevents entry of foreign mate-
rial. Reservoir must be periodically refilled with new
oil. Bearings are a press fit in the housing.
6-6

How to Seal Air Ducts that Separate

These slip joints reseal and realign ducting that is often taken apart. They also take care of
expansion, vibration, and joint locations difficult to reach.
James H. LaPointe

&-!=I SPLIT RUBBER TUBING AND EDGE-ROUED ANGLE

Bend ouf

Lip con keep contra/ gasket

ond prevenf confoct
w i t h point, smoke, etc.

Sea/ and guide

' and protection

(3 PLAIN RUBBER TUBING OR SOLID RlNC IN COMPRESSION

 Seals & Packings 6-7

AI
four or more f
guide brockefs - Heavy
confocf

Voriofion from 2"

Angle CUT on sea/ edge w i l l force

rubber owoy from opening

-
/ I

[ I FLAT RUBBER AND GUIDE BRACKETS FOR CENTERING

Mefa/ tubinu

Rive# or
Seam
Held
//A
spof we/d

To ma.
u hole

7? CONFINED RUBBER STRIP cLI/ METAL TUBING AS GUIDE

6-8

More Seals for Ducting

-
that Separates
Six more seals for round ducts and others. Make sure the
gasket material can withstand the ducted media.
James H. LaPointe

U U

n WEOGE-GUIDE SEAL

2 /
Hole reinforcemenf

5 ROUND-BAR GUIDE SEALS AND VARIATIONS

(doubler)
 Seals & Packings 6-9

u
0

a NONCENTERING SEALS-FLAT RUBBER

SLIP SLEEVES THAT

SEAL WITHOUT GASKETS

A B
METAL TUBING GUIDE AND VARIATIONS
6-10

Window Awning Unit Sealing

Illustrated by Robert 0. Parmley

rn$'"L
-LEFT JAMB-

A A
' I
L I
- RIGHT JAMB-

- SILL -
,. - HORIZONTAL MULLION-

Rubber Seal
 Seals & Packings 6-11

Window Casement Unit Sealing

Illustrated by Robert 0. Parmley

- RlGHf . JAMB-

- STANDARD MULLION - PICTURE MULLION FOR 1”

A INSULATION GLASS
I
6-12