კოლხური ენა

კოლხური
(მეგრულ-ლაზური)
ენა
შემდგენლები:
რუსუდან ამირეჯიბი-მალენი (რედაქტორი), ნანა დანელია, ინგა დუნდუა
ექსპერტები:
რევაზ აბაშია, მაია ლომია, ბელა ქობალავა
კოლხური ენის გრამატიკული ანალიზი კორნელი დანელიას ჩანაწერებისა და

ლექციების მიხედვით
ქართული ენის საერთაშორისო ცენტრი (ICGL) ფინანსური მხარდაჭერისთვის

მადლობას უხდის შვეიცარიის საელჩოს საქართველოში, შვეიცარიის ელჩს, მის
აღმატებულებას ბატონ სტეფან სპეკსა და ელჩის მოადგილეს ბატონ ნიკულინ
იეგერს.
Embassy of Switzerland
The International Center for Georgian Language (ICGL) would like to thank Ambassador
Stefan Speck, Charge de Affairs Niculin Yeger and the Embassy of Switzerland in Tbilisi for
their support for this project.
ყველა უფლება დაცულია.
© რ. ამირეჯიბი-მალენი, ნ. დანელია, ი. დუნდუა, 2006
გამომცემლობა „უნივერსალი“, 2006;

ჭავჭავაძის გამზ., 19, თბილისი 0179; : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30; E-mail:
universal@internet.ge
ISBN 99940-61-43-7
5
profesori korneli danelia (1934 - 1997) avtoria 170-ze
meti naSromisa, romelTagan 8 sqeltaniani monografiaa.
farTo gaxldaT misi kvlevis sfero: qarTvelur enaTa
istoriul-SedarebiTi gramatikis sakiTxebi, Zveli qarTuli
ena, megruli da lazuri enebis gramatika (wlebis
ganmavlobaSi kiTxulobda leqciebis kurss am sagnebSi),
uZvelesi werilobiTi Zeglebis teqstis dadgena da
publikacia, qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoria da sxva.
Zveli qarTuli enis monacemebTan erTad mkvlevari
warmatebiT iyenebda Zveli berZnuli, siriuli da somxuri
enebis masalas, romelsac igi saTanado sisruliT iyo
dauflebuli.
korneli danelia iyo qarTuli saenaTmecniero skolis erT-
erTi TvalsaCino da Rirseuli warmomadgeneli: ivane
javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis filologiis fakultetis dekani, Zveli
qarTuli enis kaTedris gamge, gelaTis akademiis akademikosi.
sarCevi
შესავალი, რ. ამირეჯიბი-მალენი ..................................................................................... 7
კ. დანელია, კოლხური ენის გრამატიკული ანალიზი .................................. 12
ნ. დანელია, ი. დუნდუა, მეგრულის პრაქტიკული კურსი ...................... 176
მეგულ-ქართული ლექსიკონი .......................................................................................... 340
საკითხავი ტექსტები ............................................................................................................... 359
ბიბლიოგრაფია .............................................................................................................................. 390
6
Sesavali
Cemi maswavleblis, SemdgomSi ki ufrosi kolegis, ga-

moCenili mecnierisa da Rirseuli qarTvelis _ batoni kor-
neli danelias didi survili iyo megrul-Wanuri enis sa-
xelmZRvanelos Seqmna da gamocema. muSaobda kidec masze,
magram, samwuxarod, ise wavida am qveynidan, rom survili
ver aisrula. Cven, misma qaliSvilma da mowafeebma, SevZeliT
batoni kornelis ocnebis xorcSesxma da movamzadeT es wig-
ni Sveicariis mTavrobis finansuri daxmarebiT da saqarTve-
loSi Sveicariis elCis, misi aRmatebulebis batoni stefan
spekisa da elCis moadgilis batoni nikulin iegeris piradi
mxardaWeriT, risTvisac udides madlobas movaxsenebT.
Zneli saTqmelia, zustad rogori iqneboda batoni kor-
nelis saxelmZRvanelo, Tumca garkveuli warmodgena Segviq-
mna misgan datovebulma `Savma~ masalam da kolxuri enis
leqciebis kursma, romelsac igi wlebis manZilze uZRveboda
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi. batoni kornelis xel-
naweri davamuSaveT eqspertebTan erTad da ase SevadgineT wi-
namdebare wignis pirveli, akademiuri nawili, romelsac
`kolxuri ena~ hqvia, vinaidan batoni korneli swored am
termins aniWebda upiratesobas `megrul-WanurTan~ da `za-
nurTan~ SedarebiT.
wignis meore nawili megrulis praqtikuli saxelmZRva-
neloa, teqstebiTa da savarjiSoebiT. bevri mecnieri (gansa-
kuTrebiT ucxoeli) megrulsa da Wanurs (anu lazurs)
calke enebad miiCnevs, xolo zogi qarTveli mecnieri ki yve-
la qarTvelur enas _ qarTvelur dialeqtebad. Cveni azriT,
aq saqme gvaqvs sakiTxisadmi sxvadasxvagvar midgomasTan, ena-
Ta klasifikaciis sxvadasxva TvalsazrisTan.
qarTvelur enaTa klasifikaciasTan dakavSirebuli wina-
aRmdegobebi unikaluri movlena ar gaxlavT da, Tumca msof-
lioSi arsebul daaxloebiT eqvsi aTas enasTan dakavSirebiT
am mxriv umeteswilad yvelaferi garkveulia, mainc rCeba
7
asobiT ena Tu misi varianti, romelTa statusi sakamaToa. es
ki, Tavis mxriv, sadavos xdis saerTod enisa da dialeqtis
gamijvnis kriteriumebis utyuarobas.
konkretuli enebis klasifikaciaze saubrisas, upirve-
les yovlisa, unda SevTanxmdeT imaze, Tu ra Sinaarsi ideba
terminebSi èna~ da `dialeqti~. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, unda
gairkves, wminda lingvisturia midgoma Tu sociolingvistu-
ri.
enebisa da dialeqtebis gamijvnis wminda lingvistur
kriteriumebs miekuTvneba urTierTgagebinebis faqtori. Tu
enis sxvadasxva variantze molaparakeT esmiT erTmaneTis (ga-
gebinebisas mxolod mcire problemebi iqmneba, magaliTad,
iseTi, rogoric saliteraturo inglisuri enis britanul
da amerikul variantebs Soris), es variantebi erTi enis di-
aleqtebad iTvleba da, piriqiT, Tu urTierTgagebineba ar
arsebobs, maT calke enebad miiCneven. miuxedavad amisa, bevr
Tanamedrove lingvists urTierTgagebineba ar miaCniaDmyar da
mkafio kriteriumad, vinaidan gaurkvevelia, ramdenad sruli
unda iyos es urTierTgagebineba. sakmarisia zepirmetyvelebis
doneze gagebineba Tu aucilebelia werilobiTi teqstis ga-
geba (rogorc Cinuris SemTxvevaSi. ix. qvemoT). igive SeiZle-
ba iTqvas enis struqturaze, kanonzomieri bgeraTSesatyviso-
bis arsebobasa da sxva lingvistur kriteriumebze, romleb-
zec aq ar SevCerdebiT, vinaidan qarTvelur enebTan dakavSi-
rebiT, isini, sabednierod, jer aravis gauxdia sadavod, xo-
lo zogadad am sakiTxebze msjeloba scildeba Cveni intere-
sis sferos am konkretul SemTxvevaSi. zogadi cnobebi aq
moxmobili gvaqvs mxolod sadavo sakiTxebSi mkiTxvelis
ukeT garkvevis mizniT. sakmarisi ar aris agreTve iseTi kri-
teriumi, rogoricaa enis standartizacia. dialeqti arastan-
dartizebulia, magram dedamiwaze uamravia damwerlobis ar-
mqone, arastandartizebuli ena.
maSasadame, arsebobs iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca wminda
lingvisturi kriteriumebi ar aris sakmarisad mkacri da
universaluri da warmoSobs sirTules enaTa da dialeqtTa
8
gamijvnisas. amitom yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis au-
cilebeli xdeba eqstralingvisturi, sociokulturuli faq-
torebis gaTvaliswineba, rac moicavs politikur sazRvrebs,
istoriul-kulturul orientacias da, rac yvelaze mniSvne-
lovania, enis matarebelTa TviTSegnebas, vinaidan xSirad, mi-
uxedavad mecnierebs Soris arsebuli sadavo sakiTxebisa,
TviT enis matareblisaTvis yvelaferi gasagebia. is flobs
enobriv sistemas da, asxvavebs ra mas sxva sistemebisagan,
Tavis variants uwodebs enas.
enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnisas warmoqmnili winaaRmde-
goba ZiriTadad ori saxisaa. pirveli saxis winaaRmdegoba
gvaqvs iseT SemTxvevebSi, roca enis variantebi erTmaneTis-
Tvis gaugebaria, magram eqstralingvisturi faqtorebis _
politikuri, istoriuli da kulturuli mizezebis gamo maT
erTi enis dialeqtebad miiCneven. Cinuri enis asobiT dialeq-
ti rva ZiriTad tipad jgufdeba da erTmaneTisTvis gaugeba-
ria, magram yvela iyenebs erTsa da imave damwerlobas da
amiT amyarebs komunikacias. lingvistur gansxvavebaTa miuxe-
davad, nebismieri dialeqtis matarebeli miiCnevs, rom is la-
parakobs Cinurad. rogorc vxedavT, umniSvnelovanesi Cans
molaparakis lingvisturi identoba.
meore saxis winaaRmdegoba Cndeba maSin, roca enis ori
varianti erTmaneTisTvis gasagebia, magram raime mosazrebiT
(politikuriT an istoriuliT) maT sxvadasxva enad moixse-
nieben. amis saukeTeso magaliTad migvaCnia serbulis da xor-
vatiulis damoukidebel enebad gamocxadeba iugoslaviis
daSlis Semdeg. 1991 wlamde arsebobda erTi serbo-xorvati-
uli ena, magram TiToeuli dialeqtis matarebelTa gansxvave-
buli da erTmaneTTan Seurigebeli identobebis gancda gaxda
maTi enebad miCnevis mizezi. amisTvis TiToeuli saliteratu-
ro enisTvis sxvadasxvagvari norma SeimuSaves da sxvadasxva
anbanzec ki gadavidnen. aseve, magaliTad, Svedurs, daniurs
da norvegiuls, urTierTgagebinebis metnaklebi xarisxis mi-
uxedavad, sxvadasxva enebad miiCneven, vinaidan iTvaliswineben
eqstralingvistur faqtorebs – politikur sazRvrebs da
9
enis matarebelTa lingvistur identobas anu TviTSegnebas,
romelic am SemTxvevaSic umniSvnelovanesi Cans.
swored amgvari eqstralingvisturi kriteriumebiT
xelmZRvaneloben is mecnierebi, romelTac megruli da Wanu-
ri (lazuri) sxvadasxva enad miaCniaT, Torem mxolod lin-
gvisturi kriteriumebiT isini erTi enis or dialeqts war-
moadgenen (am mxriv Cven, cxadia, srulad viziarebT iseTi
didi mecnierebis Sefasebas, rogorebic arian iv. javaxiSvi-
li, ak. SaniZe, arn. Ciqobava da bevri sxva qarTveli da ara-
qarTveli mecnieri). sxva sakiTxia is, rom Cven am etapze eq-
stralingvisturi kriteriumebis moxmobiTac ki ar migvaCnia
marTebulad yvela qarTveluri enis dialeqtebad CaTvla. Tu
zogi aralingvisturi faqtori TavisTavad, Seswavlis gare-
Sec cxadia (magaliTad, politikuri sazRvrebi), amas ver
vityviT sxva faqtorebze, romelTac specialuri da Rrma
Seswavla sWirdeba. zemoT aRvniSneT, rom sociolingvistur
faqtorTa Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovania enis matareblis
TviTSegneba. iseTi eqstralingvisturi faqtorebi, rogori-
caa politikuri sazRvrebi Tu istoriul-kulturuli ori-
entacia, ukana planze ixevs maSin, roca arsebobs enis ama
Tu im variantis matarebelTa lingvisturi identobis gan-
cda. vinaidan es sakiTxi qarTvelur enebTan mimarTebiT spe-
cialurad Seswavlili aqamde ar aris, raimes kategoriulad
mtkiceba araswori iqneboda sociolingvisturi Tvalsazri-
siT (wminda lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT ki maTi statusi
garkveulia da jerjerobiT, sawinaaRmdegos damadasturebeli
sakmarisi myari argumentebis moxmobamde, megruls miviCnevT
megrul-Wanuri enis dialeqtad da gamovyofT sam qarTvelur
enas). gadaWriT imis mtkiceba, rom qarTveluri enebi enebi
ki ara dialeqtebia, an imis Tqma, megruli da Wanuri erTi
enis or variants warmoadgens Tu or damoukidebel axlomo-
naTesave enas, SeuZlebelia. vimeorebT, rom saubaria socio-
lingvistur midgomaze da am sakiTxis saTanado mecnierul
kvlevaze, Tumca yofiT doneze cnobilia, rom nebismieri,
vTqvaT, megrulad molaparake miiCnevs, rom laparakobs meg-
10
rulad da ara qarTulad. qarTulis romelime dialeqtze
molaparake ki ityvis, rom laparakobs qarTulad, an mis ro-
melime variantze.
maSasadame, imis gasarkvevad, sociolingvisturi Tval-
sazrisiT megruli enaa Tu dialeqti, Sesaswavlia TviT mo-
saxleobis enobrivi identobis sakiTxebi. Tu arsebobs amgva-
ri identoba, rogoria is: mxolod lingvisturi Tu teri-
toriul-lingvisturi da a.S. cxadia, amgvari identobis da-
dastureba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gamoricxavs imavdrou-
lad saerToqarTuli erovnuli identobis arsebobas. saer-
Tod adamians SeiZleba ormagi an meti enobrivi identobac
hqondes im SemTxvevaSic, roca saqme gvaqvs aramonaTesave
enebTan, vTqvaT sxvadasxva erovnebis mSoblebis yolis Sem-
TxvevaSi.
amgvari sakiTxebis Seswavlasa da maTze yuradRebis ga-
maxvilebaSi zogi garkveul safrTxes xedavs saxelmwifoeb-
riobisaTvis, rac yovlad usafuZvloa. piriqiT, saxifaTo
swored is SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom amgvari identobis aR-
mofxvra vcadoT an mis arsebobaze Tvali davxuWoT. Cven Tu
mas ar davinaxavT, an ugulebelvyofT, mas kargad dainaxavs
da masze yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs swored is, vinc separa-
tistuli ganwyobis danergviTaa dainteresebuli. garda imi-
sa, rom enis dialeqtad gamocxadeba ar SeiZleba politiku-
ri xelsayrelobis momizezebiT (ix. al. oniani, isev qarTve-
luri enebisa da dialeqtebis Sesaxeb, enaTmecnierebis sakiT-
xebi, 2, 2003, gv. 177-183), es swored politikuradac ar
yofila xelsayreli da amgvarma cdebma didi xania diskredi-
tacia ganicada mecnierebaSi.
saqarTvelo multilingvisturi qveyanaa. misi gansakuT-
rebuli simdidrea monaTesave enebi da maT mofrTxileba, siy-
varuliT mopyroba da dacva sWirdeba. megrul-Wanuri//la-
zuri Cveni saunjea da gvjera, mkiTxvelic iziarebs am azrs.
rusudan amirejibi-maleni
K
11
korneli danelia
kolxuri enis
gramatikuli analizi
kolxuris mniSvneloba qarTvelur

enaTa istoriis SeswavlisaTvis
kolxur (megrul-Wanur) enas didi mniSvneloba aqvs

qarTvelur enaTa, kerZod, qarTulis istoriis dasadgenad.
kolxurs daucavs iseTi formebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebis
gareSe bevri sakiTxi qarTuli enis istoriidan gaurkveveli
darCeboda. mag., srulxmovnoba, romelic megruls (da Wa-
nurs) axasiaTebs, gasaRebs iZleva, aRdges saxelis fuZis uZ-
velesi saxe qarTulSi: 1) `Zma~-s uZvelesi saxe rom `Zaman~
aris, amas, pirvel rigSi, kolxuris Cveneba adasturebs: ju-
ma(Wan.)//jima(megr.), mr. r.: jumal-ef-i // jimal-ef-i. kolxu-
ri rom ara, Cven ar gvecodineboda, rom Zvelsa da axal
qarTulSi naxmar Zireul sityvaSi `Zma~ gvaklia fuZiseuli
a xmovani da determinanti sufiqsis n elementi (-an-a).
Sdr.: gurul da imerul dialeqtebSi: Zmanebi, danebi, `Zamia~.
megruli jomaljumaljimaljima. (qarT. Z: kolx. j;
qarT. a: kolx. o.) 2) warmomavlobis sufiqsi -ar (opizari,
mtbevari, olTisari...) axsnas iRebs megrul-Wanuri ar-dan
(zugdidarefi, banZarefi... da a.S.).
kolxuris gaTvaliswinebis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneboda
mravali iseTi sityvis istoriisa da etimologiis garkveva,
romelic istoriulad kolxuri enis wreSi Sedioda da Sem-
deg moeqca qarTuli enis sinamdvileSi. mag., istoriulad
cnobili saxelwodeba samxreT saqarTvelos erT-erTi sof-
lisa àrtanuji~, axsnas poulobs kolxuris gaTvaliswine-
biT: artanujiartaniS ¹uji, àrtanis yure~ (¹uji = yu-
12
ri/yure). etimologia a. SaniZisaa. asevea: opizaopija: o
TavsarTi kolxuria da sa- mawarmoebels udris, piji = pi-
ri. etimologia n. marisaa. okriba (imereTis sofeli)o-ki-
rib-a, `sakrave~ (kiribi = kravi). etimologia i. yifSiZisaa.
Sdr.: axal qarTulSi: sa-rT-ul-i / o-rTv-al-i: rT-un-s _
`xuravs~. sa-rC-ul-i / `sagebeli~; rec- (da-rec-v-a, sa-rec-
el-i): rC- (o-rC-an-s àgebs~, no-rC-al-i `sagebeli, sarece-
li~).
mcire aziaSi, sadac odesRac xeTuri kultura yvaoda,
aris erTi sofeli, romelic 1926 wlamde iwodeboda `toba-
da~-d (axla hqvia àji-gÁel~ _ mware tba). es sofeli cno-
bili gaxda gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, roca mis maxloblad
ipoves kldeze warwerebi (ieroglifebi). a. SaniZem gaarkvia
am saxelwodebis etimologia qarTvelur enaTa monacemebis
safuZvelze: toba+dar. toba `tba~-s niSnavs megrulad (qar-
TulSic unda gvqonoda xmovani, Sdr. tabaxmela), dar aris
`mware~ somxurSi (es sityva somxurSi qarTulidanaa Sesu-
li: m-war-e da dar, n. maris mixedviT). Turquli saxelwo-
deba _ àji-gÁel~ _ Targmania tobadasi.
aqve SeiZleba davasaxeloT cnobili `wyaltubo~ _
wyalTbili (tubo _ `Tbili~ Wanurad).
kolxuris Cveneba marto toponimikuri saxelebis axsna-
Si rodi gvexmareba. igi naTels xdis bevri sazogado saxe-
lis etimologias qarTulSi. sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi aris
sityva mowilva `xilT krefa~. dRes es sityva cnobili araa
qarTulSi, magram megrulSi wilua dResac `krefas~ niSnavs,
rac imaze metyvelebs, rom Ziri saerToqarTveluria da igi
qarTulsac hqonia Zvelad.
`malaRuri~ qarTulSi megrulidan Cans Semosuli: ma-
laR-ur-i. laR-u aris kolxuri Sesatyvisi qarTuli le-
Ru/leRv-isa, rac SemorCenila mxolod Citis saxelwodebaSi,
TviT kolxurSi leRvs `luRi~ hqvia amJamad. `malaRuri~,
e.i. meleRvia. etimologia kolxurma gaarkvia (axsna g. roga-
vasi).
13
kuarcxlbeki-is pirveli nawili kuarcxl axsnas pou-
lobs kolxur kuCx = `fexi~ sityvasTan mimarTebiT (n. ma-
ris etimologia).
Zvel qarTulSi cnobili sityvaa zueri, mezuere _ `ba-
Ji, mebaJe~. savaraudoa, rom etimologiurad igi ukavSirdeba
megrul zirua _ `krefa, dagroveba~ fuZes, aqedan: baJis ak-
refa, Segroveba.
Zvel qarTulSia Wuvili _ `tkivili~, romelic etimo-
logiurad uTuod kolxur Wuala-s `wvas, tkivils~ ukav-
Sirdeba.
Zvel qarTulSi aris Ziri vlt: ivltis. es etimologi-
urad ukavSirdeba kolxur rt Zirs: mi-rt-eb-u = ìvltis~.
msgavsi magaliTebis moyvana mravlad SeiZleba. amiTac
cxadia, rom kolxuris Cvenebas, iseve rogorc svanurisas,
didi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli enis istoriis Sesaswavlad,
es iqneba fonetikis, gramatikisa Tu leqsikis sfero.
kolxuris adgili qarTvelur enaTa jgufSi
qarTvelur enaTa jgufi, romelic iberiul-kavkasiur

enaTa ojaxSi Sedis, Sedgeba sami wevrisagan: qarTuli, svanu-
ri, kolxuri (zanuri).
termin kolxuris Sesaxeb: `kolxuri~ megrul-Wanuri
enis aRsaniSnavad bolo xans ixmara a. SaniZem werilSi `j
bgeris warmoSobis wyaroebi qarTvelur enebSi~ (saqarTvelos
mecnierebaTa akademiis sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa ganyofile-
bis moambe, t. 2, 1960). am terminis Rirseba isaa, rom sworad
gadmocems istoriul viTarebas. cnobilia, rom `kolxi~, ro-
gorc eTnikuri erTeulis aRmniSvneli termini, uZvelesi pe-
riodidan Tavis TavSi aerTianebs mTeli Savi zRvispira dasav-
leT saqarTvelos im mcxovrebTa saxelwodebas, romelTac
Semdgom ewodaT `megrelebi~ da `lazebi~ / `Wanebi~.
n. mari adre kolxuri enis aRsaniSnavad xmarobda Tu-
bal-kainurs (`Tubal~ iyo iafetis Svili, niSnavda megruls,
14
`kainuri~ _ Wanurs). n. marma ixmara agreTve termini iberiu-
li `megrulis~ mniSvnelobiT, xolo zogjer igi xmarobda
sxva terminebsac: megruli, Wanuri, lazuri (ix.: Wanuri (la-
zuri) ena, 1910, gv. X-XIII). megrul-Wanuris aRsaniSnavad
zanuri ixmara a. Ciqobavam 1936 wels gamocemul Tavis `Wa-
nuris gramatikul analizSi~.
`zanuric~ da `kolxuric~ orive pirobiTi terminia im
odesRac arsebuli enis aRsaniSnavad, romlis dialeqtebsac
Wanuri da megruli warmoadgens. swored amitomaa es termi-
nebi `pirobiTi~. rodesac vlaparakobT qarTul enasa da mis
dialeqtebze, aq sxva mdgomareobaa. erTiani, saerTo qarTuli
enis arseboba iseTive realuri faqtia, rogoric qarTuli
enis dialeqtebis arseboba: aris qarTuli ena da aseve arse-
bobs qarTuli enis dialeqtebi (fSauri, kaxuri, guruli...),
magram sul sxva mdgomareobaa kolxurTan: arsebobs ori di-
aleqti _ megruli da Wanuri, magram ara gvaqvs realurad
TviT is ena, romlis dialeqtebsac isini warmoadgenen. amde-
nad, `kolxuric~ da `zanuric~ pirobiTad aRniSnaven im er-
Tian enas, romelic istoriulad arsebobda da romlis ki-
loebsac megruli da Wanuri Seadgenen.
`kolxuris~ upiratesoba `zanurTan~ SedarebiT isaa,
rom `kolxuri~, rogorc termini, istoriulad faravs ro-
gorc Wanurs, aseve megrulsac, maSin, rodesac zanuri upi-
ratesad mxolod megrulis Sinaarss atarebda.
`zanar~ megrelebs axlac ewodeba svanurad. berZnuli
wyaroebiT, sanebi () igive zanebi unda yofiliyvnen.
berZnuli wyaroebi sanebs/zanebs xSirad aigiveben `makroneb-
Tan~, zogjer `WanebTan~ (hekate, straboni, stefane bizanti-
eli, ix. gv. 10). `makron~ Wanuri -on sufiqsiT nawarmoebi
ekvivalenti Cans qarTuli terminisa `megreli~ (qarTuli g-
s gadmocema yru k-Ti berZnulSi bunebrivia). ase rom,
san/zan/Wan sxvadasxva saxeli gamodis erTi da imave eTniku-
ri odenobisaTvis. amdenad, a. Ciqobavas mixedviT, `zan~ ter-
mini istoriulad `megrelsac~ ukavSirdeba da `Wansac~.
n. mars Tavis droze laz-i dahyavda zan Ziramde: lazila-
15
z¸n-i (ix. Из поездки в Турецкий Лазистан, 1910). eTnikuri
Rirebuleba da politikuri mniSvneloba am terminebisa (la-
zi, Wani, makroni, sani...) sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi, ag-
reTve, imis garkveva, saidan, romeli xalxisgan momdinareobs
es saxelwodebebi _ istoriis saqmea. imereTis `sazano~ da
samegrelos `zana~ (sofeli, mdinare) imaze metyvelebs, rom
es pirobiTi termini (zanuri) nebismieri araa.
Wanuris mimarTeba megrulTan
rac ufro Rrmad vwvdebiT enis istorias, miT ufro aS-

kara xdeba siaxlove da èrTianoba~ megrulisa da Wanurisa.
megruli da Wanuri erTmaneTis mimarT kiloebia da ara damo-
ukidebeli enebi, rogorc es n. mars hqonda warmodgenili.
n. mari megrulisa da Wanuris damoukidebel enebad ga-
mocxadebas asabuTebda Semdegi faqtebiT: megruli da Wanuri
gansxvavebuli arian erTmaneTisgan SemdegiT:
1) myofadis warmoeba WanurSi sul sxva principzea age-
buli (xofurSi: vidaminon `waval~, `wavide minda~/ arqabul-
Si: vidare `waval~), vidre megrulSi (midurq).
2) WanurSi uRlebis 2 klasia _ a xmovniani da u
xmovniani (=Temis niSnebia): bJvaram `vcem wkneliT~ da bWa-
rum / bWaruf `vwer~.
3) sawyisis warmoeba sxva tipisaa WanurSi (o-War-u)
da sxvaa megrulSi (Warua _ qarTulidanaa).
4) damoukideblobas Wanurs is aZlevs, rom mas erTiani
lingvisturi norma aqvs da Tavisi kilo da kilokavebi aqvs.
Cven damatebiT aRvniSnavT kidev ZiriTad sxvaobebs meg-
rulsa da Wanurs Soris.
fonetikaSi:
1) l bgeris dakargva axasiaTebs megrulis banZur-mar-
tvilur Tqmas. WanurSi es ase araa.
2) megruls gaaCnia ¸ iracionaluri xmovani (zugdi-
dur-samurzayanulSi), xolo WanurSi ¸ bgera araa.
16
3) WanurSia ф (Turqulis gavleniT), magram megrulSi
araa.
4) yvelaze mniSvnelovani sxvaoba fonetikaSi isaa, rom
ty, wy, Wy kompleqsebi ver Zlebs Wanuris verc erT kilo-
kavSi, megrulSi ki _ aris. (gamonaklisi ix. xofurSi: diWyi-
ji _ WinWari, WonWyopi _ WanWrobi).
morfologiaSi:
5) saxelobiTis niSani e WanurSia, megrulSi _ ara.
(koCefe `kacebi~, kuCxefe `fexebi~).
6) WanurSi araa daniSnulebiTi brunva, rac megruls
aqvs (koCiSoT `kacisad~).
7) TanabrobiTi xarisxis forma megrulSia, WanurSi _
ara (TuTaS maSxva `mTvaris simsxo~, TiS madida ìmis sidi-
disa~).
8) q-s xmareba zmnis I-II piris formebSi mxolod meg-
rulSia, WanurSi _ ara (voreq, oreq, vWarunq, Warunq).
9) uwyvetlis d WanurSi t-d aris qceuli, megrulSi
_ ara (vordi/vorti `viyavi~, vWarundi / bWaufti `vwerdi~).
sintaqsSi:
1) gardauval zmnas subieqti yovelTvis saxelobiT
brunvaSi aqvs WanurSi: koCi Rurun (`kaci kvdeba~) _ koCi
doRuru `mokvda~ _ koCi doRureleren `momkvdara~. megrul-
Si ase araa: koCi Ruru _ koCiq doRuru.
2) gardamavali zmnis subieqti yovelTvis moTxrobiT-
Sia WanurSi: usTaq oxori kodums _ usTaq oxori dokodu _
usTaq oxori dokodudoren òstatma (xurom) saxli aSenebs
_ ostatma saxli aaSena _ ostatma saxli auSenebia~. megru-
li ki moTxrobiTSi svams subieqts II seriis zmnebTan, gar-
damavali iqneba Tu gardauvali.
miuxedavad n. maris mtkicebisa, Wanuri da megruli ki-
loebia erTmaneTis mimarT.
17
kolxuris gavrcelebis are
(Zvelad da axla)
megruls uWiravs odiSis zegani da TiTqmis mTeli

kolxeTis dablobi _ Savi zRvidan svaneTis mTebamde da cxe-
niswyal-rionidan mdinare RaliZgamdis (afxazeTSi). megru-
lis gavrcelebis are Zvelad meti iyo aRmosavleT nawilSi:
awindeli mTeli qvemoimereTi okribisa da argveTis CaTvliT,
leCxumis qvemo nawilic megruli metyvelebis are iyo: qve-
moimerulic da leCxumuric savsea megrelizmebiT. es vlin-
deba toponimikaSi (-Si daboloebebi): jixaiSi `cixis [adgi-
li]~, WyviSi `samwyemse adgili~, tviSi, sargveSi, kintriSi
`sakitre adgili~ (baTumis olqi), oragve `xafangis adgili~,
ofSkviTi, okriba àdgili sakrave~, jimastaro (sofelia
imereTSi), xojalia `xoji=xari~ (sofelia guriaSi), CxeniSi
`cxenisi~, wyaltubo `wyalTbili~.
megrelizmebi raWaSic aris: kurkumela Rame (ubnelesi
Rame), Sdr. megruli ukumela. zisxa (`faRaraTi sisxliani~)
Sdr. zisxiri `sisxli~. gavlena imerulze sintaqsSic Cans:
kacma movida, kacma mokvda.
integraciis Sedegad megruli ixevs dasavleTisaken. Tu
gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi al. cagareli mijnas meg-
rulsa da qarTuls Soris cxeniswyalze debda, ormociode
wlis Semdeg prof. i. yifSiZe aRniSnavda, rom sazRvarma da-
savleTisken gadaiwiao: sofel xunwSi, al. cagarelis cno-
biT, Warbobda megruli, axla Warbobs qarTuli. zeda xunwSi
mudam qarTulad laparakoben, qveda xunwelebze ki dacinviT
amboben, rom eseni sadilobamde megrulad laparakoben, nasa-
dilevs _ qarTulado. aseTi mdgomareobaa samiqaosa da
ilorSi, ase rom, sakuTriv sazRvari imerulsa da megruls
Soris amJamad mdinare noRelaze gadis, romelic rions er-
Tvis. aRmosavleTSi megrulis are ikveceba, dasavleTSi ki
win miiwevs da iTqvifeba afxazurSi.
oxureisa da RaliZgas Soris afxazuria gabatonebuli,
magram is TandaTan adgils uTmobs megruls (i. yifSiZe).
18
amJamad megruls samxreTiT emezobleba guruli kilo,
samxreT-aRmosavleTiT _ imeruli da leCxumuri, Crdilo-
aRmosavleTiT _ svanuri, Crdilo-dasavleTiT _ afxazuri.
Wanuri gavrcelebulia sof. sarfidan qemeramde (rizes
aqeT), Savi zRvis viwro mTagorian sanapiro zolSi. aRmosav-
leTiT es zoli mTebiTaa daxSuli. am mTebs Wanuri metyve-
leba erTgan scildeba. esaa murRulisaken md. Cxalis xeoba-
Si moqceuli rva sofeli: kostaneTi, dakvara, maqreTi, baS-
qoi, mamanaTi, dusqoi, panWureTi, mWaTi.
safiqrebelia, rom Wanebi samxreTiTac mTebSic cxov-
robdnen (axla mxolod Cxalelebi arian zRvis sanapiros da-
Sorebuli. Tanamedrove WaneTSi (sarfi _ qemeri) lazuri
mosaxleoba kompaqturia (mWidroa, mkvrivia), sul xuTiode
sofelia aTinis raionSi mahmadian somexTa, xemSinTa.
mTeli WaneTi TurqeTSi Sedis. saqarTveloSi Sedis na-
xevari sofeli CrdiloeTis punqtisa _ sarfisa. Wanebi sxva-
ganac saxloben (gadasaxlebuli arian): baTumSi, gonios Te-
mis aWarul soflebSi: Txirnali, maxo, simoneTi. TurqeTSi
mosaxle Wanebi kargaven lazurs. xSiria ojaxebi, sadac ukve
bavSvebma aRar ician lazuri.
afxazeTSi aris Wanuri mosaxleoba: gudauTis, oCamCi-
ris, soxumis garda lazebi mosaxleoben gumisTis raionSi,
eSeris Temis soflebSi: SawkvaraSi (4 komli), faCanTaSi (10
komli), xarutaSi (8 komli), fSalTiluRSi (32 komli), wa-
ra-SubaraSi (45 komli) _ es cnobebi 1929 wlisaa (arC. Ci-
qobava).
lazeTis mokle istoria:

megruli da Wanuri amJamad gaTiSulia, erTmaneTisgan
mowyvetilia. Zvelad, daaxloebiT Cv. w. aR.-iT II saukuneSi,
`Wanuri~ uSualod mihyveboda `megruls~, warmoadgenda mis
gagrZelebas. Semdeg, rogorc Cans, erT-erTi qarTveli tom-
Tagani aRmosavleTidan an samxreT-aRmosavleTidan Sig Sua-
gulSi SeWrila da megrelebi da lazebi erTmaneTs dauSore-
bia, xolo dapyrobili adgilis mcxovreblebs qarTuli Se-
19
uTvisebiaT. amis gamo axlandeli gurulebi da imerlebi ga-
qarTvelebul megrel-lazebad unda CaiTvalos (iv. javaxiSvi-
li, qarTveli eris istoria, I, 1913, gv. 57). iv. javaxiSvi-
lis azriT, qarTulad molaparake tomTa Sesvla axlandeli
imereTisa da guriis miwa-wyalze unda momxdariyo VI-VIII
saukuneebSi.
p. ingoroyvas cnobiT, lazeTi mWidrod daukavSirda bi-
zantias. saqarTveloSi iyo konstantinopolis sapatriarqos
sami olqi: 1. lazikis mitropolia (fasisi _ foTi), 2. ro-
dopolisisa (dRevandeli varcixe _ quTaisis olqi), 3. qa-
laq petrasi (dRevandeli cixisZiri _ baTumis olqi).
IX saukuneSi dasavleT saqarTvelo eklesiurad gamoe-
yo bizantias da qarTlis (iberiis) sakaTalikosos daukav-
Sirda.
VIII-XVI saukuneebSi qarTul-somxur-berZnul-Tur-
qul(seljukur) saistorio wyaroebSi lazeTis saxelwode-
baa: WaneT-lazeTi da qaldia (xaldia). amaTgan WaneTi aris
zogadi saxelwodeba mTeli samxreT kolxeTisa (JamTaaRmwe-
reli), lazia aris saxelwodeba aRmosavleT nawilisa (ri-
zes mxare), xolo qaldia _ centraluri nawilisa (trapi-
zonis mxare). qveynis dasavleTi nawili moixsenieba pontos
alagad (asea es berZnul, somxur wyaroebSic). Sua saukune-
ebSi qveynis saerTo saxelad moixsenieba kolxeTi, xolo sa-
tomo saxelwodeba Wani ( ) gviani xanis berZnul
wyaroebSi upiratesad miemarTeba trapizonisa da pontos
mTianeTSi mosaxle lazebs. xolo Sua saukuneebSi berZnebi
qveynis dasavleT nawils xalibebs da tibarenebs uwodeben.
X saukuneSi bizantiam daipyro trapzonisa da rizes
mxare. daviT kurapalati 978 wels daexmara bizantias omSi
(skliarosTan), ris gamoc man SemoierTa `zemoni queyanani~
(rizes mxare). daviTis sikvdilis Semdegac (1001) bizantiis
keisarma basil II-m daiWira isev tao da `zemoni queyanani~.
amas omi mohyva (1021-1023). gaimarjva bizantiam da SeierTa
rizes mxare. sazRvari gaatares xofasTan, cixe-simagre xufa-
Ti bizantias darCa.
20
1045 wels bagrat IV-m scada, daebrunebina lazeTi,
magram amaod. giorgi II-is dros (1073-1089) saqarTvelom
daibruna mitacebuli lazeTi. daviT aRmaSeneblis dros
(1089-1125) mTeli samxreT saqarTvelo daukavSirda saqar-
Tvelos.
am dros gamoCndnen Turq-seljukebi, romlebmac sasti-
kad daamarcxes bizantia 1071 wels da keisari romanoz dio-
geni tyved Caigdes, Semdeg Turqebi gaiWrnen Savi zRvis sana-
pirosken (trapzoni), magram Turq-seljukebi gandevnes trap-
zonidan da xaldis Temidan adgilobrivma Zalebma Teodore
gavras meTaurobiT. gavra aris xaldiis (trapzonis) adgi-
lobrivi samefos damaarsebeli, romelSic Sedioda trapzo-
nisa da kerasunis mxareebi (rizes mxare ki saqarTveloSi Se-
dioda). Teodore gavra damoukideblad marTavda xaldias.
amas bizantia ver urigdeboda da motyuebiT Teodores vaJi
konstantinepolSi datoves, raTa siZe gamxdariyo bizantiis
keisaris aleqsi komnenisa. magram konstantinepolSi gavras
vaJi mZevlad gamoacxades. igi gaiqca, daiWires da gadaasax-
les. amas mohyva ganxeTqileba. Teodore gavras sikvdilis
Semdegac misi memkvidreebi ar emorCilebian keisars da poli-
tikurad dakavSirebulni arian daviT aRmaSeneblis saqarTve-
losTan.
1204 wels Tamar mefem mTeli lazeTi SemoierTa da
daaarsa trapzonis samefo, romelSic sakuTriv WaneTis gar-
da berZnuli teritoriac Sedioda. samefos saTaveSi dauyena
komnenTa dinastiidan aleqsi da misi Zma daviTi.
aleqsi da daviTi saqarTveloSi aRizardnen da gaqar-
Tvelebuli iyvnen. am dros saqarTvelos aqvs pretenzia,
iyos meTauri aRmosavleTis qristianuli msofliosi, dakni-
nebuli bizantiis nacvlad. komnenebi _ yofili bizantiis ke-
isrebi, faqtobrivad, vasalebi iyvnen Tamarisa, misi iaraRi
politikaSi (uspenski).
XIII saukuneSi trapizonis samefos Camoscilda berZnu-
li teritoriebi (samisni, sinopi, erakliis olqebi), romle-
bic Turqebma daikaves.
21
XIII saukuneSi saqarTveloSi xvarazmelebi SemoiWrnen.
am dros saqarTvelos trapizonis samefodan SemouerTda ri-
zes mxare (daviT narinis dros, 1282 wels). 1297 wlidan
1463 wlamde lazia (aRmosavleT WaneTi) aris nawili mesxe-
Tisa, xolo amis Semdeg 1547 wlamde Sedis xan guriis sam-
TavroSi, xan mesxeTisa (samcxe-saaTabago).
1543 wels osmaleTma sulTan suleiman II-is mxedar-
TmTavris mustafaSis sardlobiT daarbia mesxeTi, tao, 1545
wels daipyro basiani (luarsab I da imereTis mefe bagrat II
damarcxdnen) da osmalebs gza gaexsnaT saqarTvelosken.
1547 wels osmaleTma daipyro guriis samTavro, daiWi-
ra rizes mxare, aWara, qobuleTi, baTumi (guriis samTavros
dedaqalaqi). gurulebma gandevnes osmalTa jari baTumidan
da Woroxs gaRma garekes. osmalebma fexi moikides rizeSi,
gonioSi cixis aSeneba daiwyes, ase rom, 1547 wels WaneTi
dapyrobili iyo: amowyvites bevri lazi, iwyes gamahmadianeba,
bevri gadmoixizna saqarTveloSi. guriaSi gadmoutaniaT la-
ziis samitropolito kaTedra. qarTveli xalxi SemdegSic ar
Serigebia WaneTisa da mesxeTis dakargvas. 1646 wels laziis
mitropoliti germane (Wani iyo) warudga ruseTis mefes
aleqsi mixeilis Zes da xazs usvams imas, rom lazia; rom
saidanac is aris, aris qarTuli miwa, saqarTvelos Zveli mi-
wa, iberiis mxare. georgievskis traqtati, romelic 1783
wels dado erekle II-m, iTvaliswinebda, rom rusebs mieRoT
zomebi _ saqarTvelos dabruneboda mesxeTi, WaneTi, samcxe-
saaTabago.
gamahmadianeba ZiriTadad ekonomikuri represiebiT xde-
boda. vinc qristes aRiarebda, mas did gadasaxadebs awerdnen.
1615 wels misioner granJies cnobiT, rizeSi Wanebi TandaTan
gadadian musulmanobaze, raTa Tavi daaRwion mZime gadasaxa-
debs. amitom winacveTen Svilebs, qalebs aTxoveben ianiCreb-
ze. es didi ubedurebaa... Cven Zalze davexmareT, vaswavlidiT
kateqiziss, STavagonebdiT qristian qalebs, romlebic Tur-
qebs gahyolodnen, Tu raSi mdgomareobda maTi qristianuli
vali. amaze a. Ciqobava SeniSnavs: Turqebisgan dawiokebuli
22
lazebis gaWirvebas ras argebda iezuit misioneris niangis
cremlebi da kateqizisis swavleba!
kolxizmebi gurulsa da imerulSi:

iv. javaxiSvili imeruli da guruli toponimikis ana-
lizis safuZvelze werda: guriis geografiuli saxelebis
dakvirveba gvimtkicebs, rom im adgilas, sadac axla guru-
lebi cxovroben, winaT megrulad mosaubre tomi unda sax-
lebuliyo. bevri soflisa da mdinaris saxelis mniSvnelobis
axsna mxolod megrulis saSualebiT SeiZleba: mTa jixanji-
ri (k. danelia: `cixisZiri~), jumaTi (juma = laz. `Zma~),
Wyongvari (Wyon = `muxa~), md. oCxamuri (`saTevzao~), oWi-
lauri (`saWilao~), WyviSi, WyviaSauri (megr. WyiSi `mwyem-
si~), WanieTi, md. gubazouli, md. kintriSi (kintiri = `kit-
ri~ `kitris adgili~), onWikeTi, onjoxeTi (megr.-laz. -o
prefiqsiTaa nawarmoebi), sof. ocana (s. JRenti: oc[x]ana; oC-
xana? Tu cana? k. d.) maSasadame, ZiriTadi da Tavdapirveli
mosaxleoba guriaSi megruli unda yofiliyo (qarTveli eris
istoria, wigni I, 1913, gv. 56).
i. yifSiZem gaimeora igive azri da daumata ramdenime
axali magaliTi: oragve (gur.), ofSkviTi (imer.), okriba (ki-
ribi `kravi~) (imer.), sof. oqona (imer.), sof. muxuri (sa-
megr., imer.), sof. jimastaro (imer.), xojalia (xoji `xari~)
(gur.), tobanieri (toba `tba~) da sxv. (maiakovskis raionu-
li gazeTi `komunisti~, 1963, 27 agv., gv. 4). amave mosazre-
bas adasturebs a. Ciqobavas mier mocemuli etimologia:
wyal-tubo, (`tubo~ _ Tbili Wanurad).
s. JRentma bevri kolxizmi gamoavlina gurulSi: Temi
`quabRa~ (Coxatauris raioni) = qva yrili (bRa = `yra~ Wa-
nurad). kolxuri fenis sityvebia:
1) naTesaobis aRmniSvneli: baba, nana (Wan., megr.), nena
(gur.), jumadi (megr., Wan.), jumadia (gur.) `biZa~, ZRabi `go-
go~, kuta/kutula `biWi~ (Wan., gur.).
2) adamianis sxeulis nawilebi: Carbi (megr., Wan., gur.)
`tuCi~, fanwala/fawala (Wan., gur.) `tyirpi~.
23
3) nalia (Wan., gur.), nania (megr.) `sasiminde~, Camuri
(Wan., megr., gur.) `sacexveli~,
rofi (gur.) Sdr. megr. rofe `xis Rrma WurWeli~.
megr. WiWe `patara~, gur.: moWiWveba èkonomia~, `moco-
taveba~.
megr., Wan. geni `xbo~, aqedan gur: mogeneba (megr. moga-
nua), `xbo rom ZuZus pirs moavlebs~.
sarfSi vaJis saxelia mamula, romlis qarTuli Sesat-
yvisia mamala, rac guriaSi gvar-saxelSia: mamala-Ze, magram
paralelurad aris mamula-i-Svili (Wanuria).
oWvaTo (megr., gur.) àdgili, sadac saxuravidan Camo-
nadeni wyali ecema~. ix. s. JRenti `zanizmebi gurul zmneb-
Si~ (enimkis moambe, V-VI, 1940).
4)kolxizmebi bevria zmnebSi: bardRali/partyali (megr.,
gur.)_ uazro laparaki, ras bluyunob (megr. bu¹inua _ gau-
gebari laparaki).
racxa mibanZR-mobanZRa (megr. baZRua _ uSnod, meCxerad
Robva)
erTi karqa mobeza (megr. bezua `magrad cema~).
guubandRavs obobas qseli (megr. gobondRii `gabmuli
qseli~ (obobasi)).
ibuyneba civ Wads (megr. bu¹onua ùSnod Wama~).
aakalifa waqceuli simidi (megr. ekalifua àkrefa~).
gavazizine (megr. gozizinafa `zedmetad avseba WurWli-
sa~).
gadawikuntalda (Wan. Tikuntali `yira~, `gadakotrial-
da~).
iTxipneba (megr. Txifua `dasvra~).
gikanturefs yoriferze Tavs (megr. dudiS kantai `Ta-
vis dakvra / kanturi~)
dakapanebuli uremi (meg. kapanua `datvirTva~).
karkacofs (megr. karkacanskaskasi).
mokekili wisqvili (megr. kakua/kekua `wisqvilis qvis
mopirva~).
24
kvarkvalia (megr. kvarkvali `kankali~): `sicivea kvar-
kvalia, qalo, Sen ram gadagria, kostumians rom dieZef, Co-
xiani ram dalia~.
dakvirkvalebuli Tmebi (megr. kvarkvalua, kirkoleri
Toma `daxveuli Tma~).
galifulia, gasvrilia talaxSi (megr. lifua: gasan-
Tvla, talaxSi amosvra).
ra gabRorinefs, biWo, amxels (megr. Rora, Wan. omRo-
rinu `Rriali, yvirili~).
ipurWyneba saSinlad (megr. purWyafi ùSnod furTxe-
ba~).
putunofs mTeli dRe (megr. putini `Cumi, gabmuli la-
paraki~).
deviJvere nametani (megr. divJvari, `daviqance~, gaJva-
runda `mdinareSi tansacmliT Sesvla, gawuwva~).
damJRnari vardi (megr. JRirafa `Wknoba~).
guurofa Tavi (megr. refua `raime magari sagnis dar-
tyma~).
tkarcali, atkarcalda (megr. tkarCali).
tyvapunofs wyali WurWelSi (megr. tyvapini `raime sag-
nis wyalSi Cavardnis xmauri~).
tyvapera kvercxi (megr. tyvapia `laye, umwifari~).
puJavs cecxli (megr. fuJafi `neli wva~).
gaaCikina fexi (megr. gàCikinu `gafSika fexi~).
gaCxotva bJolis (megr. cxotua `gasxepva~).
warwalofs mTeli dRei (megr. qari iwarwalu... `moZra-
obs~).
gawkapva (megr. wkapua `gamwkriveba~).
mowurwkulofs (megr. wkvarwkvali).
daWiWkva SeSis (megr. WkaWkua `wvrilad daWra (Se-
Sis)~).
gaWiWinda gulze (megr. goWiWondu).
Wnexa `wnexa~ (megr. oWinaxu `sawnexeli~).
geviWaWye kaci (megr. givWyaWyi `gaviWylite~).
25
deejejgva sawyali (megr. qadajgvajgvu `mZimed rameze
dacema~).
mojliginofs, `xmauriT modis~ (Wan. ojgialu `xmau-
riT svla~. cxeni jgialeri qomorTu).
dajorgva (megr. jorgua `simZimis qveS moqceva~).
xuarxalofs wyali, `duRs~ (Wan. xarxalei wkai `mdu-
Rare wyali~, megr. xuarxvali `daudegroba~).
xuancalofs Tebzi (megr. xuancali `ganZreva~).
gaxikinebula mWadi (megr. goxikinafa, `Zalian gamxma-
ra~).
ixmiCeba ìkbiCeba~ (megr. xiCua `kbeCa~).
ixvlipeba xariviT (Wan. moxlipu `moxvrepa~).
daaxloebiT 18 saukunis win (II-III saukuneebSi), ro-
gorc ukve aRvniSneT, erT-erTi qarTveli tomis aRmosavle-
Tidan Semosvlas megrelebi da lazebi erTmaneTisTvis dau-
Sorebia, xolo dakavebuli adgilebis mcxovreblebs qarTu-
li SeuTvisebiaT.
ase rom, gurulis saxiT Cven miviReT rTuli amalgama
(SenaerTi) zanurisa da qarTulisa. asea qvemoimerulSic.
gaTiSvis momentSi iyo Tu ara kolxuri ena dialeqte-
bad (megrulad, Wanurad) dayofili? am droisaTvis megruli
da Wanuri gamoiyofoda kolxurSi, xolo axlandeli guriis
miwa-wyalze megruli iyo gavrcelebuli da ara Wanuri.
26
kolxuris kolokavuri Sedgeniloba
Wanuri da megruli erTmaneTis mimarT kiloebia da, Ta-

vis mxriv, isini iyofian kilokavebad. aRsaniSnavia, rom ki-
lokavuri diferenciacia ufro sagrZnobia WanurSi, vidre
megrulSi. Wanuris mcire teritoriaze sami kilokavia, meg-
rulis vrcel teritoriaze _ ori. Tanac, erT kilokavze
molaparake megreli ufro Tavisuflad gaugebs meore kilo-
kavze molaparake megrels (vTqvaT, banZeli samurzayanoels),
vidre sarfeli Wani aTinel Wans. n. mars aRniSnuli aqvs,
rom sxvadasxva kilokavze molaparake Wanebs zogjer erTma-
neTisa ar esmiTo.
mecnieruli daxasiaTeba da dayofa Wanuris kilokavebi-
sa mocemuli aqvs n. mars, xolo megrulisa _ i. yifSiZes
(megruli enis gramatika, 1914). marTalia, maT megruli da
Wanuri or enad miaCndaT, magram dayofa sworadaa mocemuli.
rasac isini kilos uwodeben, is CvenTvis kilokavia, ase rom,
saxelwodebis gadmowevaa (erTi safexuriT) saWiro, rom
swori suraTi gadaiSalos.
n. mars adre, 1908 wels (`Zveli qarTuli enis tabu-
lebi~) megruli da Wanuri erTi enis kiloebad miaCnda. mag-
ram es swori Sexeduleba Seicvala mas Semdeg, rac WaneTSi
imogzaura da specialurad Seiswavla igi (1910 wels gamo-
cemul Wanuris (lazuris) gramatikaSi igi calke enad acxa-
debs Wanurs).
1915 wels n. marma daazusta Tavisi Sexeduleba (yifSi-
Zis gramatikis recenziaSi) megrulisa da Wanuris istoriu-
li urTierTobis Sesaxeb da aRniSna: lingvisturi normebis
mixedviT Wanuri da megruli erTi enaa, isini erTi enis or
kilos warmoadgenen, oRond erTmaneTisgan istoriuli da
kulturuli daSorebis Sedegad ganviTardnen damoukidebel
enebado.
a. Ciqobavam 1936 wels gamocemul `Wanuris gramati-
kul analizSi~ uamrav faqtobriv masalaze dayrdnobiT zus-
tad gaarkvia Wanurisa da megrulis urTierToba: `fonetiku-
27
ri sistemis, morfologiuri da sintaqsuri struqturis mi-
xedviT Wanuri da megruli ori kiloa erTi enisa (zanuri
enisa), romlis diferenciaciasac isini warmoadgenen~.
Wanuris kilokavuri diferenciacia:
WanurSi gamoiyofa 3 kilokavi: aTinuri, viwur-arqabu-

li da xofuri. am kilokavebSi gamoiyofa Tqmebic:
aTinurSi gamoiyofa bulefur-arTaSenuli Tqma;
xofurSi gamoiyofa Cxalur-sarfuli Tqma;
viwuri da arqabulic Tqmebia viwur-arqabuli kiloka-
visa.
n. mari Wanurs saerTod or kilod hyofda: aRmosavlur
(xofuri) da dasavlur (aTinuri, viwuri, arqabuli) kiloe-
bad.
amaTgan viwur-arqabuls gardamavali safexuri uWiravs.
igi ZiriTadad imeorebs aTinuri kilokavis damaxasiaTebel
niSnebs, magram zogierTi niSnis mixedviT xofurs udgas
gverdiT, aqvs specialurad misTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebic,
amitom sworia misi calke kilokavad gamoyofa.
Wanuris kilokavTa Soris sademarkacio xazs warmoad-
gens:
1) y bgeris viTareba: y xmovnebis win da xmovnebs So-
ris daculi aqvs xofurs, xolo danarCenebs _ ara! viwur-
arqabulSi y gadadis ¹-Si, aTinurSi _ Á-Si gadadis (loya _
xofurSi, loÁa _ aTinurSi) an sul ikargeba:
xofuri viwur-arqabuli aTinuri

yini ¹ini ini `civi~
yuji ¹uji uji `yuri~
yona ¹ona ona `yana~
28
2) mkveTr TanxmovanTa Semdeg (t, w, W) y bgera verc
erT Wanur kilokavSi ver Zlebs (e.i. ara gvaqvs kompleqsebi:
ty, wy, Wy).
es y xofursa da viwur-arqabulSi k-d iqceva, aTinurSi
ki y ukvalod ikargeba:
viwur-arqabuli aTinuri xofuri

owkedi owedi owkedi ùyure~
wkari wari wkari `wyali~
tvebi tebi tkebi `tyavi~
mwko wu mwko `wyavi~
mawkunen mawunen mawkunen `mtkiva~
tkubi tubi tkubi `tyubi~
Wkoni Woni Wkoni `muxa~
lemWkva lemWva lemWkva `nerwyvi~
garda zemoaRniSnulisa, TiToeuli kilokavisTvis dama-

xasiaTebelia:
xofurisTvis:
1) myofadis warmoeba minon `minda~, ginon `ginda~, unon
ùnda~ meSveli zmniT (vidaminon `waval~, idaginon `waxval~,
idasunon `wava~, vidaminonan `wavalT~, idaginonan `waxvalT~,
idasunonan `wavlen~).
2) III seriis naaoristali TurmeobiTi I-is warmoeba
ere-Ti, naaoristali TurmeobiTi II-isa _ ere-ti sufiqsiT,
naaoristali kavSirebiTi III-isa _ ere+ta-s saSualebiT:
Tur. I: b-zim-ere `me nazomavar mas~, zimere `Sen nazo-
maxar~, zimeren ìman nazoma~, bzimereT, zimereT, zimerenan.
Tur. II: bzimereti `me nazomaviyav mas~, zimereti `Sen
nazomaiyav~, zimeretu ìman nazomiyo~, bzimeretiT... zimere-
tes
kavS. III: bzimereta `me nazomaviyo mas~, zimereta `Sen
nazomaiyo~.
3) fuZiseuli u-s i-Si gadasvla (substitucia), o-s i-
Si gadasvla:
29
Cqini `Cveni~, Wkidi `mWadi~, nisa `rZali~, dozimu `ga-
zoma~, daCxiri `cecxli~, Sdr.: viwur-arqabulSi, aTinurSi:
Cquni, Wkudi, nusa, dozumu, daCxuri. u : i.
kila `gasaRebi, klite~, kirza `kovzi~, oWkiru `Wra~,
Sdr.: viwur-arqabulSi, aTinurSi: kola, korza, oWkoru (oS-
koru _ aTinurSi), ~. o : i.
4) r bgeris dasusteba-dakargva. es xdeba xmovnebs So-
ris da s Tanxmovnis win. procesis kera xofuria, Tumca ar-
qabulSicaa gadasuli.
r ikargeba xmovnebs Soris: gu[r]i `guli~, jige[r]i
`RviZli~, Ju[r]i òri~, gÁa[r]Á `puri~, nose[r]i `Wkviani~.
r ikargeba s-s win da R, x,  spirantebis win; s-s win:
Cumes (Cumers) ìcavs, ucdis~, iwkes (iwkers) ùyurebs~, im-
xos (imxors) `Wams~, dogaWiss (dogaWirs) `dagWirdeba~.
R, x,  -s win: oRaRalu (// oRarRalu) `laparaki~,
RaRalita (// RarRalita) _ `jirkvlis avadmyofoba~, ÁoRani
(// ÁorRani `sabani~, wiRu (// wirRu) _ `xorcmeti (saqon-
lisa)~, oxixinu (// oxirxinu) `xarxari~, maxva (//marxva)
`naRverdali~, kei (//keri) `kanafi~, kai (kari) berZn.
`lursmani~, sua (// sura) `sufra~.
5) Temis niSania -uf/-if nacvlad aTinur-viwur-arqabu-
li -um/-om-isa: kvaTufs `Wris~, gorufs èZebs~, lokufs
`lokavs~, mTufs `Tovs~, wilufs `krefs~, iqifs àkeTebs~,
gedgifs `dadgams~, Sdr.: viwur-arqabul-aTinurSi _ gubums
`xarSavs~, Warums `wers~, kvaTums `kveTs, Wris~, Sums
`svams~, ¹azums `Tlis~...
xofur kilokavSi gamoiyofa Cxaluri da sarfuli
Tqma. amis gamoyofis safuZvelia myofadis warmoeba: kavSire-
biTis formas + ùnon~ ucvlelad, oRond kavSirebiTis
forma icvleba ara marto piris, aramed ricxvis mixedviTac:
bzimaunon `gavzomav~ (`vzomo minda~), zimaunon `gazomav~,
zimasunon `gazomavs~, bzimaTunon `gavzomavT~, zimaTunon `ga-
zomavT~, zimanunon `gazomaven~.
leqsikaSi ar aqvT zura (самка), laki (собака). zuras
nacvlad xmaroben wuna-s da fina-s: wuna/fina joRoi
30
(психа). sityva kanjuRi (самка) ixmareba msubuqi yofaqcevis
qalis mniSvnelobiT: kanjuRi oxorja. gvxvdeba sityva upar-
kale (=gauTxovari qali).
6) Cven nacvalsaxelia: aÁa, ia (ès~, ìs~), Sdr.: aTi-
nurSi _ ham, him.
aTinurisaTvis:
1) myofadis warmoeba -ere-Ti: bzum-a-re `gavzomav~,
zum-a-re `gazomav~, zum-a-s-e-re/zum-a-s-e `gazomavs~, bzumaTe-
re/bzumaTe `gavzomavT~, zumaTere/zumaTe `gazomavT~, zuman-
e/zuman-e-n `gazomaven~ (am bolo n-s morfologiuri funqcia
ara aqvs, igi danarTia).
2) III seriis mwkrivTa warmoeba: doren, dortu[n],
dortas meSveli zmnis gamoyenebiT:
naaoristali TurmeobiTi I: bzumidoren, zumidoren,
zumudoren, bzumiTdoren, zumiTdoren, zumesdoren _ `me na-
zomavar mas~ (=mizomavs).
naaoristali TurmeobiTi II: bzumidortun, zumidor-
tun, zumudortun, bzumiTdortun, zumiTdortun, zumesdor-
tun _ `me nazomaviyav mas~ (=mezoma).
naaoristali kavSirebiTi III: bzumidortas, zumidor-
tas, zumudortas, bzumiTdortas, zumiTdortas, zumesdor-
tas _ `me nazomaviyo mas~ (=mezomos).
3) moTxrobiTisa da micemiTis dasusteba. es axasiaTebs
gansakuTrebiT arTaSenul Tqmas: aq moTxrobiTis adgils
yvelgan saxelobiTi iWers: avji mTuTi doilu; konqSi miwu-
Ci qorme maqvali dosqu~ `mezobelma (mezobeli) miTxra, rom
qaTamma (qaTami) kvercxi dado~.
oxorZa koCi muSi uwu-Ci `qali (qalma) kacs (kaci)
rom uTxra~, koCi uwumers oxorZa `kaci eubneba qali
(qals)~, sin mu dulÁa giRun maxo? `Sen ra saqme gaqvs, ma-
xo?~ (=maxos). s Á-d iqceva sityvis bolos: ja favri qonCaÁ
(=jas qonCans) `xes foTlebi asxia~, diSqa kvaTuÁ `SeSa (Se-
Sas) Cexs~, koCefe wari SumteÁ, oSveÁ (=Sumtes, oSves) `ka-
cebi (kacebma) wyali dalies (sves)~.
31
4) ukanaenismierTa (g k q) palatalizacia gaafrikate-
bamde. ase rom, g, k, q gadadis j, W, C-Si. es procesi n. mars
dadasturebuli aqvs bulefur TqmaSi, a. Ciqobavas ki _ ar-
TaSenulSic.
gj: j(Á)ari (gÁari `puri/saWmeli~), bajeni (bageni
`sasiminde~), jeni (geni `xbo~), jendRani (gendRani `zeg~),
dobjibar (dobgibar `movxarSav~), jefTi (gefTi `Cavedi~),
jevolam (gevolam `Camovvardebi~), berji (bergi `Toxi~),
jevoWare (gevoWare `daviwyeb~)... jokucxu (gokucxu `gaiRvi-
Za~) _ piriqiT jÁ: Áoxo (joxo `saxeli~).
kW: ToWi (Toki), Wibri (kibiri `kbili~), laWi (laki
`lekvi~), mWafu (mkÁafu `tura~); mustaWi (mustaki ùlva-
Si~), morderi mustaWi uRun _ `mozrdili ulvaSi aqvs~; bi-
WiTxi, iWiTxi, iWiTxu _ `vikiTxe, ikiTxe, ikiTxa~.
qC: CÁoi/Coi (qÁoi, Turq. `sofeli~), beCi (belqi,
Turq. ègebis~), giwva-Ci (giwva-qi, Turq. `qi~ _ rom), CiTabi
(qiTabi Turq. `wigni~), aleÁCum (aleÁqum) selam `mSvidoba
Tqvenda~, CÁoqi (qÁoqi Turq. `Ziri~), duCÁane var on `duqani
ar aris~.
5) CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebis agebuleba: ham, him (ès~,
ìs~). asea es aTinurSi, xolo xofurSia _ aÁa, ia, viwur-
arqabulSi _ haÁa, hea.
viwur-arqabulisaTvis:
1) subieqturi prefiqsi I pirisa b xmovnebis win (nac-
vlad v-si): bore `var~, bidi `wavedi~, bigzali `vimgzavre~,
bimgari `vitire~, bimxor `vWam~.
2) CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelis agebuleba: haÁa, hea (ès~,
ìs~), Sdr. xofuri: aÁa, ia, aTinuri: ham, him.
3) leqsikaSi orZu (<_ orZo), Sdr. xofuri: Troni,
aTinuri: kuli `savarZeli, skami~.
biparamiTam (arqab.) Sdr. xofuri: bRaRalaf,

bisinafam (viw.) aTinuri: vixapar
`vlaparakob~.
32
4) myofadis warmoeba ere-Ti (gansxvavebiT xofurisagan).
5) III seriis mwkrivTa warmoeba doren, dortu, dor-
tas meSveobiT (gansxvavebiT xofurisgan).
viwur-arqabuls yvelaze kargad daucavs Wanuris leq-
sika. igi `saukeTeso Wanurad~ miaCniaT TviT Wanebs. Wanuri
yvelaze mkvidria aq, yvelaze Seryeulia aTinurSi.
megrulis kilokavuri Sedgeniloba:
megrulSi gamoiyofa ori kilokavi: senakuri da zugdi-

dur-samurzayanuli. megrulis gavrcelebis teritoriaze ar
aris iseTi geografiuli dabrkoleba, rom komunikacia Wir-
des, amitomaa, rom daSorebuli kuTxis megrelebi kargad
ugeben erTmaneTs:
senakuri (aRmosavluri megruli): senaki (yofili cxa-
kaia), abaSa, martvili (yofili gegeWkori).
zugdiduri (dasavluri megruli): zugdidi, walenjixa,
gali, oCamCire (RaliZgamde).
gardamavali (centraluri): xobi, Cxorowyu.
mecnierulad dasabuTebuli kilokavuri dayofa megru-
lisa pirvelad mogvca i. yifSiZem (1914 wels).
senakur kilokavSi gamoyofen martvilur-banZur Tqmas,
xolo zugdidur-samurzayanulSi _ jvarul Tqmas.
zugdidur-samurzayanulisTvis (MZ) damaxasiaTebeli

movlenebia:
1) ¸ bgera. esaa iracionaluri xmovani (ìracionaluri~
_ laT. ùgnuri~ `gonebisTvis miuwvdomeli, ganusazRvre-
li bunebis~ (i. yifSiZe), naxevarxmovani, miRebuli sruli
xmovnis (i, u, o) dasustebis Sedegad (a. SaniZe, a. Ciqobava,
g. axvlediani).
i¸: g¸r¸nigirini `viri~, k¸nt¸ri (kintiri) `kit-
ri~, T¸ri (Tiri) `Tovli~...
33
o¸: q¸morTu (qomorTu) `movida~, q¸dàT (qoda¹aT)
`daagdo~...
u¸: baR¸ (baRu `beReli~), gorCx¸ `garecxa~, dorg¸
`dargo~...
am bgeras pirvelad al. cagareli Seexo, miiCnia naxe-
varxmovnad, romelic u, i, o, Á refleqsebs iZleva. xolo
dRes ¸ miCneulia meoreul (sekundar) xmovnad (a. SaniZe),
romelic xmovanTa reduqciiT miiReba, anda, erTad Tavmoy-
ril TanxmovanTa gamoTqmis gasaadvileblad viTardeba.
¸ ZiriTadad zugdidur-samurzayanulSi ixmareba, amitom
ambobda yifSiZe, rom `zugdidur-samurzayanul motivebs Cven
vaxasiaTebT, rogorc ¸ metyvelebas~. ¸ senakurSic aris,
magram iSviaTad.
2) i-s u-Si (resp. o) gadasvla (substitucia): juquro
MZ // jiquro S `jiqur~, tabuki MZ // tabiki S `tabla~,
i/o: nosa MZ // nisa S `rZali~, note MZ // nite S `netav~.
3) o gadadis u-Si (substitucia): Tuma MZ // (Toma S
`Tma~, ¹una MZ // ¹ona S `yola~.
4) va kompleqsi (amosavali) darCenilia zugdidur-sa-
murzayanulSi, sxvagan ò~-a: qvara (qora S) `muceli~, gvala
(gola S) `mTa~, Rvara `Rriali~, xvara `meloti~, WvarWvali
(WurWuli `wurwuri~ `плеск воды~), xvilari // xolari
`xvliki~.
5) micemiTi brunvis niSani s gadadis c-Si: koc `kacs~,
osurc `qals~, muJanc `ra Jams~.
6) S1 niSani v zugdidur-samurzayanulSi TanxmovniT-
dawyebuli zmnis fuZesTan b aris: bWarunq, bragadanq (S: vWa-
runq, vragadanq) `vwer, vlaparakob~.
7) saTaviso qcevis I piris subieqtTan (viWarunq, viWu-
anq) zugdidur-samurzayanulSi metaTezisi xdeba, i win gad-
modis: ibWarunq `viwer~, ibWuanq `vitkiveb~.
TviT zugdidursa da samurzayanuls Soris damokidebu-
leba Tqmiseburi Cans.
34
1) roca samurzayanulSi ä gvaqvs (S3 niSani), maSin
zugdidurSi iu gvaqvs:
samurzayanuli: gourqu `gaeqana~, iCu ìlaparaka~, qeCu
èlaparaka~, qocu `Seiyara~, q¸docu..., daiyara (dacvivda)...~
zugdiduri: gourqiu, iCiu, qeCiu, qociu, qedociu...
2) samurzayanulSi zmniswinebTan da zmnis SigniT uasi-
milacio formebia, zugdidurSi ki _ orive (asimilirebuli
da uasimilacio).
samurzayanuli: qousqudu xoji `xari eba~, gamkoutaxi
`movutexe~, vadoutebu àr dautovebia~, mours `modis~.
zugdiduri: mukmuRu/mukmouRu `gamoaqvT~; eSurs/eSo-
urs àdis~, gimurs/gimours `gamodis~, qedutu/qedoutu `da-
utova~... aq gardamavali safexuria senakursa da samurzaya-
nuls Soris.
3) samurzayanulSi reduqcia ufro intensiuria: Txor-
na `Txrian~, Warna `weren~, xonna `xnaven~... reduqciis mize-
zia momdevno a (an) sufiqsi (m. cikolia).
samurzayanulSi reduqcia mosdis: Wubra, oWiSWubra
`zurgwabla~. oxakle (oxarkale) `sanayi qva~. uklaSi ùm-
crosi~, woxle `win~, maJra `meore~.
aseve mosdis qarTulidan Sesul sityvebs: Tavisfali,
xenwfe, Sobloba, izdore, kirle, saapracio.
jvaruli Tqmis damaxasiaTebel niSnad i. yifSiZe Sem-
degs miiCnevs: gaormagebuli xmovnebi disimilacias ganicdian.
es `grZeli~ xmovnebi miRebulia ori xmovnis meqanikuri Se-
erTebiT, roca maT Soris arsebuli Tanxmovani daikarga: ja-
li/jaali (javali* Sdr. Zevali k.d.), ambe/ambee (am-
beiambaiambavi), naTese/naTesee (naTeseinaTesainaTe-
savi). zog aseT sityvas jvarulSi disimilacia mosdis:
eeie: we/wee, magram wie `biWi~; iiei: wyi/wyii, magram wyie
`wyavi~. magram aq disimilacia araa, aramed uasimilacio
formebia (Zveli) SerCenili, Sdr. qomiwei `miTxari~, voTxei
`vaTxove~ (eiiii: qomiwâ). uuou: Cxu/Cxuu, magram
Cxou `Zroxa~.
35
al. cagareli jvarulis Taviseburebad miiCnevda dj:
jo, juji, ragaji, ubejuri (do, dudi, ragadi, ubeduri)
`da (kavSiri), Tavi, laparaki, ubeduri~. i. yifSiZe aRniSnavs,
rom es sityvebi j-Ti mas ar gaugonia, Tumca jvarelebi am-
boben, rom Zvelad icodnen ase laparakio.
senakurisaTvis (S) damaxasiaTebeli movlenebia:

1) martivi xmovnebis qona, ¸-s uqonloba, l-s sisus-
te-gaqroba.
2) i ar gadadis u-Si.
3) o ar gadadis u-Si.
4) o ar iZleva va kompleqss: qora `muceli~, gola
`mTa~...
5) micemiTi brunvis niSania -s da ara -c: kos, xos,
¹udes `kacs, xars, saxls~.
6) S1 niSania v- Tanxmovnebis win da ara b-: vWarunq,
vragadanq `vwer, vlaparakob~.
7) saTaviso qcevis formebSi S1 niSania vi-: viWarunq,
vixantuq `viwerebi, vixatebi~, Sdr. MZ: ibWarunq.
8) leqsikaSicaa sxvaoba: senakurSi metia qarTuli sit-
yvebi, vidre zugdidur-samurzayanulSi, mag., S: simidi, piro-
ba; xolo MZ: lazuti, pijala.
banZur-martviluri Tqmis gamoyofis safuZvelia l bge-
ris viTareba, sadac l gadadis Á-Si, an sul ikargeba. asevea
r bgerac.
l-s palatur bunebas da silbos xazi gausves al. ca-
garelma, i. yifSiZem, a. Ciqobavam. palatalizaciis gamoa, rom
lÁ. ase rom, l, rogorc fonema, warmoTqmaSi ar arsebobs
martvilur-banZur TqmaSi. l xmovanTa win an SuaSi Á-d iq-
ceva an sul ikargeba: Áexi àvadmyofi~, Áuka `luka~, maÁazo-
ni `monazoni~, ÁuRi `leRvi~... an l>0. e.i. l dasustebis Se-
degad vokalizacias ganicdis, gadadis mezobel xmovanTa Tvi-
sebriobaSi: dabai `dabali~, dadui `dedali~, furcei `fur-
celi~, Cii `coli~, baiSi `baliSi~, burWui `waldi~.
36
sxva enebis gavlenis kvali kolxuris
leqsikur Sedgenilobaze
TiTqmis xuTi aseuli wlis manZilze Turqi asimilato-

rebi yovelmxriv cdilobdnen moespoT Wanuri metyveleba. Wa-
nurma ganicada Turquli enis ZaliT asimilaciis araCveu-
lebrivi Zlieri gavlena. am gziT Wanurma SeiTvisa Turqu-
lis mravali sityva da dakarga sakuTari Camomavlobis sit-
yvebi: magaliTad, `melias~ nacvlad Wanuris yvela kilokavSi
ixmareba Turquli Tilqi/TilCi (aTinuri). sayuradReboa,
rom i. yifSiZes WaneTSi mogzaurobis dRiurSi aRniSnuli
aqvs soflis saxelwodeba meliaT (=meleTi). sarfSi s.
JRents daudasturebia gamoTqmaSi: melisTei iwker `melasa-
viT icqirebi~. roca ukiTxavs s. JRents, melisTei ra ariso,
upasuxiaT: àSo bzoponT, miTiq SeÁTani’sTei-na iwketas~ àse
vityviT, vinme(m) eSmakiviTo rom icqirebodes~.
aseve Turqulma Trangi-m gamodevna Wanuri RormoTi
`RmerTi~. me sarfelebs rom Sevaxsenebdi, `kio~ midastureb-
dnen, Zvelad icodneno `RormoTio~.
damkvidrda Semdegi Turquli sityvebi: ukara `Rari-
bi~, zengini `mdidari~, faRi `sufTa~, sari `yviTeli~, ÁeSi-
li `lurji~, konqSi `mezobeli~, Tenbeli `zarmaci~, qesqini
`bejiTi~, qiTabi `wigni~, deTei `rveuli~. Turqulia weli-
wadis droebis saxelwodebebi: kiSi `zamTari~, Áazi `zafxu-
li~, gÁuzi `Semodgoma~.
Turqulidan aris nasesxebi kavSiri `qi~: uwu-qi ùT-
xra rom~, sxvaTa sityvis nawilaki deri/dei: gÁari ifxosdei
`saWmels Wamso~.
kavSiri Áa àn~: Áa momCi, Áa vidare àn momeci an wava-
lo~.
berZnulis gavlena Wanurze ZiriTadad leqsikaze modis.
WanurSi araa adgilobrivi sityva `saqmis~ aRsaniSnavad da
ixmareba mxolod berZnuli `dulÁa~. berZnulidanaa lazurSi
Sesuli:
37
avlia èzo~ (ύ), drepani `celi~ (δρέпανον), ora
`dro~ (ω’'ρα), oridi//oidi (́) `warbi~, sabatoni
(́), kari lursmani (к'), noRame//noRamisa
(́s), новобрачныи, paramiTi: paramiTams (пαραμύζι),
красноречив, panda/panta `yovelTvis~ (п́), papuwi (JR.
<fabuC (Turq.)) ΠαΠοuτζ, wangi (ξ)_ qalis fexsacme-
li, skurai (́φ), `samarTebeli~, Rnosi (ω̃) Wkua;
oxoronu (́s) cekva, Silidani `mSiridoni~ (́)
mercxali; Silia (ίs), Sira ( ) qvrivi, qmrisgan mi-
tovebuli.
berZnulidan nasesxebia kavSiri oti (τι) (aTinurSi:
uwuoti ùTxra rom~).
somxuris gavlena umniSvneloa. yifSiZes aqvs dadastu-

rebuli xaji `jvari~, romelic modis somxuri Ë³ã-dan.
megrulze yvelaze Zlieri gavlena qarTulma moaxdina:

axali/axai, da, dabali, maRali, kani, uaresi, oTxi, xuTi,
aTasi...
gavlena morfologiasac etyoba (mic. brunvis niSani -
s...)
i. yifSiZes Tavis leqsikonSi aRnusxuli aqvs (megrul-
Si) 50 sparsuli, 40 arabuli, 30 Turquli, 15 berZnuli,
35 rusuli sityva. yvela es ucxo sityva gvxvdeba qarTul-
Sic.
samurzayanulSi afxazuri sityvebicaa Sesuli:

abasana крыльцо, agvara хлев, afsTa река, ущелье, afuni
весна, bJake борода, dag¼a глухой.
sparsuli sityvebi:
abazi (fuli), almasi, aluCa, angariSi, anderZi, anfer
(aferum), afxanaki, baiSi/baliSi, bangi, baRi, biWi, dalaqi,
damazi, daraia, dardi, dasuro (dastur), daula (dambla),
38
dazga, dalua, dii/demi (devi), doRabi, durgali, duSmani,
zari (moTqma), zurna, TaraSi (=TareSi), Terzi, imendi, laS-
qari, laxti, liSani/niSani/Sana _ `saqmros saCuqari~, muqTa-
xora, namusi, orsanti/ostati, parpali, partaxi, pasuxi,
susti/susTi, tambaCa, tani, qamari, qira, Sangi (Savi), Sanqa-
ri, Sara, Cangali, xabruzaki (арбуз), spars.=nesvi, jamagiri,
jani, jibe.
m. xubuas gamokvleviT, sparsulia Semdegi sityvebi meg-
rulSi: angi (spars. hang `harmonia~), angiSmangi `Sesaferisi,
Tanaswori~, apurtaki `sazidi, aWimi~, xevs. avardagi, aram-
xutu (sakuTari saxeli) sp. eràn xutà. bargi `tanisamosi~,
bego `qalbatoni~, Sdr. beqa èrisTavis coli~ (saba), burna:
gileburonu `daTareSobs~, sp. borna àxalgazrda~, ga `bor-
cvi~ (sp. gah, jah àdgili~), gua, guaguaT gilafurinuna _
grova-grova..., gorda `mrudi~, darja (darjania gvaria, mo-
dis darejan-idan). daura (sp. daula `wre, mrgvali~), Tabuni
`toli~, àmxanagi~, buni/bunioba (sp. bun `Ziri~, `safuZve-
li~). Tangi (Sdr. Targi) spars. Tang: `tilo, sadac suraTis
konturebs gamoiyvans mxatvari winaswar~. Tarnake koCi
`flidi...~, Tembeli `zarmaci~, Jumini: miJuminu (sp. Jubin/zu-
fin `Subi~). qvira `kvici~, CorbaCi `pativsacemi~, CuRina
`molaybe~ (sp. CuRul, `mabezRari~), Wamaka: gileWamaku `dar-
dimandobs~.
arabuli sityvebi:
adamiani, amnaxanto (qarT. `naxati~), anji `spilos Zva-
li~, atlasi, ajameTi `xSiri tye~, ajami ùcxoeli, barba-
rosi, warmarTi~, baraTi, omboli (u-m-boli ù~(=ar), bu
(arab. baba/gaga)+li (sufiqsi), e.i. ùmamo, oboli~, daveba
(viduuq спорю), dunia (мир), duqani, eqimi, zanduki, zanTi
(qarT. `zavTi~) yvirili, zarali, Tamami, iRbali, madani
(клад), mizani `Turqi jariskaci~, moxamuzi/muxamuzi (шпора),
muTaqa, nodi (qarT. `nadi~), saTi `saaTi~, sevda/serda
(печаль), seni, seri забава (qarT. `seiri~), Toiseri, unabi,
filaRi (бородка петуха), fargali, qesa (qisa), qeifi/qeefi,
39
Ralati (arab. `Secdoma~), Raribi, yabuli `Tanxmoba~, Suka
(переулок), xazina, xaziri готовый, xaTari, xalisi, xalxi,
xanaTi (`mtroba~)  moxanaTe `mteri~, xarazi, xarji, xati,
xeiri, xurujuni, jandaba (ад), jilo/njilo (qarT. `jeeli~)
огромный, сильный, hava, halali, harami неверный, жадный.
rusuli sityvebi:
akoSka, ataJa, aficeri, boWka, dereJani (rus.
Ffrang.) дилижанс, iuka (euka) юбка, kraoti, kapeiki, kapi-
tani, naCaiki, staqani, spiCqa, ontka, yarauli, stoli, Sine-
li, uCitei (uCiteli) da sxv.
Turquli sityvebi:
Aalaverdi (бог дал)  alerti (eklesia), ali (пламя),
araba, baba, baSlay¸, borji (долг), срок, goTanaborjis, boxCa,
brinji, burRi, gemi, durgali, durSumani, Tenjiri чугунныи
котел , Tofi, ToqarTo подушка, TuTumi, Tumani, iaraRi, iS-
ta `mada~, kaxma/kaxpa `bozi~, kenja `bavSvi~, Tojina, oda
дом, oTaxi, oya (3 funti), ojaxi, sirma òqromWedi~, yama,
Ceqma, jayva.
berZnuli sityvebi:
aloni/aÁoni (ηλιοs, αλιοs) утренняя заря, andamazi (alma-
si) ’αδάμαs, ankesi/arkeci (αγκιστρον), afTeqa (αпοήκα), baia
(βαιον) balaxi, boria (βορέαs), boro (μωροs) suleli, bor-
qomi (μοχλοs), broli (βήρυλλοs), dafi (δά νη) `dafna~, dia-
koni (διά ονοs), sabatoni (σάββα ον), kanoni, kramiti
(κραμιδι), kalanda (καλανδαι) новыи год, lagvani /»agvani
(λαγη̃να) кувшин, leqsi/lersi (λεξιs), margaliti
(μαργαρίτηs), melani (μέλαν), orgia (curvis ileTi), papa
(пαппαs), saki (σακκοs) мешок, sindisi (συνείδησιs), turpan-
ti (τρυпανον), burRi, qula (χωλοs), bebeli (βεβηλοs)
осквернить, kabeti (kτ) немного.
40
somxuri sityvebi:
galatozi (·³Õ³÷áë) `kalatozi~, ganZi (·³ËÓ) (sp.-dan),
geri (·³ÍÑ) Sdr. m-geli, gvirabi (ìÇñ³å), vari¹a/vara¹a (í³ñÇí)
курочка, TvaTvi `TaT~ (qarT. TaTi), kakula `gangur~
локоны (Sdr. gagurjela - кудри), kambeSi `gomÀS~, navari
(Sdr. onavari) àvar~ грабитель, oriji `Àrinj~ скот, Jami
`Jam~, roWiki `roWik~ (`dRiuri jamagiri~), wvrili danaSau-
li.Uunwi/munwi/munWyi, Sdr. ìnw~ барс.
magram aris piriqiTac: somxurs kolxuridan aqvs SeT-

visebuli sityvebi: Wanji/WanWi `WanW~, gordi (megr. gordou
Jvabus gu. aq gordou araa Tevzis saWeri wnuli, aramed
aris `bayayi~), somxurSia `gort~. rom es qarTulia, iqidan
Cans, rom TuSurSia yvarti (Sdr. Zv. qarT. m-yvari).
somxurSi sparsulidan Sesulad miaCniaT `sox~ (soxi)
лук, `taSÀr~ (tiSoni) чистить, magram SeiZleba qarTulidan
modiodes. asea `qiT~ (ni-qiTi) морда, Sdr. ni-skarti / ni-kar-
ti; oCxari `kaÁr~ (mkelabeli) banjinjeli.
svanuris gavlena leqsikaSi umniSvneloa (piriqiT ki

sagrZnobia). megrulSia pirseli (кум), romelic, i. yifSiZis
varaudiT, unda modiodes svanuri li-priste-dan (крестить).
svanuridan nasesxebad miaCniaT prefiqsebi le-/la-: le-
xaindrao, le-ZaZame...
cnobilia, rom umwerlo qarTvelur enebs (kolxuri,
svanuri) Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs saliteraturo qarTulis
ganviTarebaSi, amdidrebs leqsikas. i. yifSiZes megrelizmebad
miaCnia qarTulis Semdegi sityvebi:
seroba (Zv. qarT.: vaxSmoba), Sdr. megr. seri `Rame~; or-
Wofi (òr~ qarT.+ megr. Wofua `Wera~); dedamTili, mamamTi-
li (megr. dianTiri, muanTiri), Zilis-Sina сновидение (Sdr.
megr. Sina `gaxseneba~) _ es araa ase! Zilis-Sina berZnulis
kalkia ( = Zilsa Sina). Sumi крепкое вино, xvadi; iC-
qiTi внезапный, romelic rusTvelTanaa, ase rom, arCilis mi-
er Teimuraz I-is piriT wayenebul braldebas `raca ena, yvela
giTqvams, somxuri da megrulica~, garkveuli safuZveli aqvs.
kolxizmebi qarTulSi ix. gv. 11-13.
41
kolxuris Seswavlis istoria
pirveli adgili drois mixedviT megruli sityvebisa da

frazebis Cawerisa ekuTvnis Turq mogzaurs evlia-Celebs,
romelic iyo saqarTveloSi XVII saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi.
igi Tavisi `mogzaurobis wignis~ erT gverds uTmobs meg-
ruls. mohyavs ricxviTi saxelebi Zalze Seryvnili formiT,
mag., 11 Cawerilia, rogorc arTviTi (nacvlad viTaarTisa)...
XVII saukuneSi samegreloSi iyo italieli kaTolike
misioneri arqanjelo lamberti, romelmac gamosca wigni `sa-
megrelos aRwera~ (qarTuli Targmani il. Wyoniasi, 1901 w.).
aq specialurad enaze araa laparaki, magram zne-Cveulebebis
aRwerisas moyvanilia megruli sityvebi.
germanelma mecnierma akad. gvildenStedtma mogzaurobi-
sas (1768-75) da saqarTveloSi yofnis dros 1771-72 ww., Se-
adgina patara sityvaTa krebuli kavkasiaSi xmarebul enaTa
Sesadareblad (sityvebi dalagebulia sagnobriv-Sinaarsobri-
vad. saxelebi, zmnebi cotaa, sul 290-mde sityvaa, romlis
mixedviTac qarTuli, megruli da svanuri monaTesave enebia)
da daurTo Tavis aRwerilobas (`mogzauroba ruseTsa da
kavkasiaSi~, gamosca akad. palasma or tomad germanul enaze,
t. I, 1787, t. II, 1791, peterburgi).
es iyo pirveli nabiji qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi
Seswavlis masalebis Sesagroveblad. magram Secdomebia bevri:
mugoko `ra~, qobali `Zroxa~, Wkomi `puri~.
aseTive enobrivi masalebi Seagrova 1807-1808 ww-Si sa-
qarTveloSi mogzaurobis dros germanelma iulius klap-
roTma da momcro SedarebiTi leqsikonis saxiT daurTo Ta-
visi mogzaurobis aRweras `mogzauroba kavkasiasa da saqar-
TveloSi 1807-8 wlebSi~, (t. I, 1812 w., berlini, t. II, 1814
w., II gamocema frangulad, parizi, 1823 w.). klaproTma gai-
meora gvildenStedtis Secdomebi.
ucxoel mkvlevarTagan yvelaze faseulia georg roze-
nis Sromebi (germanul enaze): 1) lazuri enis Sesaxeb, grama-
tikuli mimoxilva, berlini 1844; 2) megrulis (9gverdi
42
uWiravs), svanuris (12 gv.) da afxazuris (12 gv.) Sesaxeb,
osuri gramatikis gamokvleviTurT, berlini, 1846. rozenma
pirvelma scada, moeca sistematuri gramatikuli mimoxilva
megrulisa da Wanurisa da Tavisi droisTvis marjved gaake-
Ta. masve ekuTvnis pirveli cda qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi
fonetikis Seswavlisa (Semdeg es al. cagarelma gaakeTa).
iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, rozenis or patara wignSi aS-
karad Cans avtoris dakvirvebis alRo da unari. al. cagare-
li ki wers, rom masalebis simciris gamo mkiTxvels uWirda
daejerebina rozenis debulebanio.
rozens bevri aqvs lafsusic, mag., mas mohyavs sityva
`soWanan~ (сапожник). ase ucvlelad gaimeora es sityva aWa-
rianma. sinamdvileSi unda iyos so Wanan (k. d.: so Wanan, e.i
`sad keraven~).
1895 wels venaSi rihard erkertma gamosca kavkasiuri
Ziris enebi. I nawilSi leqsikuri masalaa. 545 sityvaa Tar-
gmnili. 30 enaa.... xunZuri, lakuri, CaCnuri, afxazuri, qar-
Tuli, lazuri, megruli, svanuri.
winamkvlevarTa Sromebisa da sakuTari dakvirvebis sa-
fuZvelze a. aWarianma gamosca wigni frangul enaze parizSi
Jurnal `parizis saenaTmecniero sazogadoebis moambeSi~,
1897-98 ww. am wigns hqvia: ètiudi lazuri enis Sesaxeb~.
am wigns bevri nakli aqvs, yvela winaparTa Secdoma gameore-
bulia aq, magram Rirseba isaa, rom vrcelia, teqsti da leq-
sikoni axlavs (nawili am teqstisa n. marma Seaswora da ga-
mosca Tavis `lazuris gramatikaSi~ 1910 wels). n. mari aR-
niSnavs, rom aWariani cudad, Zalze cudad erkveva fonetika-
Si da misi Cawerili sityvebi arasworia xSirad, ar icis ia-
feturi enebis gramatika, amitomaa, rom sawyisad moyvanilia
kWiS, rac sinamdvileSi modis gWiS-idan, sadac g O2-is niSa-
nia.
miuxedavad yovelive am naklisa, aWarianis wignma didi
daxmareba gauwia n. mars winaswar SeemuSavebina Wanuris gra-
matikuli sqema. misi leqsikonis Sesworebisa da Semowmebis
Sedegad warmoiSva maris leqsikoni _ gramatikaze darTuli.
43
qarTuli enaTmecnierebis Camoyalibeba dakavSirebulia
al. cagarlis saxelTan. man 1872 wels peterburgSi dabeWda
saintereso gamokvleva: Сравнительный обзор морфологии
иберийской группи Кавказских языков. igi 1876-78 wlebSi ma-
salebs agrovebda megrul-svanur-Wanuris Sesaxeb. 1880 wels
al. cagarelma dabeWda `Мингрельские этюды~ or wignad, I
_ teqstebi, II _ fonetika: Опыт фонетики Мингрельского
языка.
megrulis SeswavlaSi al. cagarlis Sromebma epoqa Seq-
mnes (i. yifSiZe). man pirvelma moimarjva teqstebis Casawe-
rad qarTuli anbani, SemoiRo specialuri niSnebi ¹ da ¸. mo-
cemulia yvela bgeris dawvrilebiTi aRwera, dadgenilia Zi-
riTadad bgeraTa Sesatyvisobani qarTvelur enebSi (is didi
Rirsebaa!), oRond gaaCnia nakli: Sesatyvisobebs avtori eZebs
ara marto diferencirebul masalebSi, aramed saerToSic, an-
gariSs ar uwevs semantikur gadaxras, amitomaa, rom cagar-
lis mixedviT, megr. j gadadis qarT. j, Z, r, d, c, x-Si. mag.
xe _ ja. magram ase araa: ja _ Zel (angariSi araa gaweuli
semantikur gadaxraze).
es wigni kargi saCuqari iyo qarTvelTmcodneobisaTvis.
amas unda mohyoloda megrulis morfologia, svanurisa da
lazuris enaTmecnieruli daxasiaTeba. magram al. cagarels
guli gautexa rusifikatorulma politikam. saswavlo ol-
qis mzrunvel ianovskis `wyalobiT~ brZola gaCaRda qarTu-
lis winaaRmdeg. am dros megrulisTvis rusuli anbani (qar-
Tulis nacvlad) iqna SemoRebuli. aman guli gaucrua al.
cagarels da mas 15 weli araferi dauweria. samegrelos
saRi inteligencia da xalxi zemoxsenebul cdas SeewinaaR-
mdegnen da CafuSes igi.
1895 wels petre Waraiam Jurnal `moambis~ 1895-96
wlis X, XII, I, II nomrebSi gamoaqveyna cagarlis fonetikis
Semavsebeli da Semsworebeli sayuradRebo Sroma `megruli
dialeqtis naTesaobrivi damokidebuleba qarTulTan~.
a. cagarlis Semdeg meore xana qarTul enaTmcodneobaSi
iwyeba n. maridan. kolxuris mecnieruli Seswavla, pirvel
44
yovlisa, ukavSirdeba n. marisa da i. yifSiZis saxelebs. sa-
marTliani iyo erTi mecnieris Tqma, rom a. cagareli da
i. yifSiZe megrulis `kirile da meTode~ ariano (S. beriZe).
n. marma 1910 wels gamosca aRweriTi xasiaTis `grama-
tika Wanuri (lazuri) enisa qrestomaTiiTa da leqsikoniT~.
es Sroma n. maris pozitiur saenaTmecniero SromaTagan erT-
erTi saukeTesoTagania.
i. yifSiZem 1911 wels gamosca `Допольнительные
сведения о чанском языке~, sadac dawvrilebiT SeCerda Cxa-
lur Tqmaze (maris mier aRuniSnav faqtebze), daazusta ma-
ris ramdenime debuleba.
1914 wels i. yifSiZem gamosca `gramatika megruli
(iberiuli) enisa qrestomaTiiTa da leqsikoniT~, rusul ena-
ze, peterburgSi. am Sromas maRali Sefaseba misca n. marma
da sanimuSod CaTvala igi. es aris saunje qarTvelur enaTa
Seswavlis saqmeSi. aseve aRsaniSnavia kluge, Beitröge fur
mingrelischen grammatik, 1916, berlini, Studgarti.
1939 wels a. Ciqobavam gamoaqveyna yifSiZis mier 1917
wels Cawerili teqstebi (teqstebis naxevarze meti dakargu-
lia).
kolxuris SeswavlaSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZ-
Rvis a. Ciqobavas. 1929 wels gamosca `Wanuri teqstebi~
(xofuri kolokavi). 1936 wels _ `Wanuris gramatikuli
analizi teqstebiTurT~ (viwur-arqabuli, aTinuri). aq Wanu-
ris gramatikuli analizi mocemulia megrulsa da qarTul-
Tan mimarTebiT. 1938 wels gamosca `Wanur-megrul-qarTuli
SedarebiTi leqsikoni~ da sxva specialuri Sromebi.
kolxurze arsebul masalaTagan aRsaniSnavia:
s. JRentis `Wanuri teqstebi: arqabuli kilokavi,~
1938; misive, `Wanur-megrulis fonetika~, 1953 w.
g. xubuas `megruli teqstebi~, 1937 w.
kolxurze specialuri Sromebi aqvT gamoqveynebuli: a.
SaniZes, v. Tofurias, g. rogavas, i. asaTians (disertacia:
`windebuli zanurSi~, 1952), n. naTaZes, m. xubuas, q. lomTa-
TiZes da sxvebs.
45
aRsaniSnavia, rom 1937 wels g. diumezilma parizSi ga-
moaqveyna Wanuri (arqabuli) teqstebi `Wanuri zRaprebi~, 131
gverdi, romelsac axlavs sityvasityviTi da literaturuli
franguli Targmani komentarebiT. g. kartoziam 1972 wels
gamosca lazuri teqstebi (xofuri da viwur-arqabuli ki-
lokavisa). aseve, sayuradReboa: lazuri teqstebi (xofuri)
ir. asaTianisa, 1974; megruli poezia t. gudavasi, 1975.
f o n e t i k a
kolxuris bgeriTi Sedgeniloba.

bgeriTi sistemis zogadi daxasiaTeba
kolxurSi aris yvela is bgera, rac qarTulSi moipove-

ba. qarTulis msgavsad kolxurs axasiaTebs xmovanTa siRari-
be da TanxmovanTa simdidre (a. Ciqobava), magram aris sxvao-
ba.
lazurSi gvaqvs naxevarxmovani Á, romelic sxvadasxva
bgeris refleqsia: Ái.LdulÁa `saqme~, ÁavaS `nela~, Áazi
`zafxuli~, ÁaRi èrbo~, gÁusTu `dausxlta~...
Áy: loÁa (= loya `tkbili~), miÁonun `myavs~, meÁva-
feri (=meyvaferi `mawoni~).
Áj: Áoxo `saxeli~, ujoxu `dauZaxa~.
Ál (megrulSi): Áurji (lurji), ÁuRi (luRi), ÁeSi
(leSi).
Ár: ren _ Áen àris~ (miÁen _ miren `vin aris~),
doxToÁefe èqimebi~, binjiÁare `daviZineb~.
qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, kolxurSi gvaqvs iraciona-
luri xmovani ¸ (megrulSia mxolod). es zugdidur-samurza-
yanulSia: igi Cndeba i, u, o-s reduqciis (dasustebis) Sede-
gad:
i¸: g¸r¸ni, q¸ri, çra, Wy¸nt¸...
46
u¸: W¸n¸ (=Winu), t¸b¸, n¸k¸ (nuku `nikapi~), id¸, qi-
merT¸.
o¸: q¸morT¸ (=qomorTu), q¸d¸vogi (=qodovogi), k¸la
(=kila/kola (gasaRebi), k¸rza (=korza/kirza).
TanxmovanTa kompleqsis gasayrelad Cndeba `parazitu-
li~ ¸: saq¸me, z¸reli. ¸ Cndeba sityvis absolutur boloSi:
ides¸ `wavidnen~, tyas¸ `tyeSi~, Cilq¸ `colma~, giSeles¸
`gaiares~.
WanurSi aris Turqulidan SeTvisebuli bgera : igi
ixmareba Turqulidan da berZnulidan nasesxeb sityvebSi. 
aris kbilbagismieri yru fSvinvieri: irali `firali~, mu-
sairi `stumari~, tueRi `Tofi~, ukara `Raribi~, eendi
`batoni~, oridi `warbi~, kari `lursmani~.
 Wanuri warmoSobis sityvebSi ar ixmareba, amdenad,
igi araa fonema. zogjer v-s nacvlad  ismis. magram es po-
ziciiTaa Sepirobebuli: moTi (Sdr. qarT. viqrob). es aTi-
nurSia!
Wanuri ise ganicdis ucxo (Turquli) enis gavlenas,
rom bgera isesxa (a. Ciqobava). Wanebi SeniSnaven xolme Tur-
qulad molaparake aWarlebs: fukara, efendis amboben ukara,
eendis nacvlado.
agreTve aRsaniSnavia l-s sirbile (megrulSi) da r-s
sisuste (WanurSi).
aRsaniSnavia ¹ faringaluri (yelismieri) bgera, rome-
lic axasiaTebs Wanuris viwur-arqabulsa da aTinur kiloka-
vebs da megruls. es ¹ modis y-sgan misi dasustebis gziT:
¹uji, ¹viTei, ¹ude...
Wanuris arc erT kilokavSi ar Zlebs ty, wy, Wy kom-
pleqsebi. aq y>k//0: wkari/wari `wyali~, tkebi/tebi `tyavi~,
gÁoWku/gÁoWu `daiwyo~, mxolod xofurSia ramdenime Sem-
Txveva: tyubi `tyupi~, Wyinti, WoWyofi `WanWrobi~, WinWyva-
la `Signeuloba~, munWyi `maCvi~. xom araa aq qarTulis gav-
lena? megrulSi yvelgan daculia y am kompleqsebSi.
47
vokalizmi
kolxurs qarTulis msgavsad aqvs Cveulebrivi martivi

xmovnebi: a, e, i, o, u. magram qarTulTan SedarebiT kol-
xurs meti aqvs: a) iotiani (Á) xmovnebi: Áa, Áe, Áo, Áu. b)
magarSemarTviani xmovnebi: ï, ð, ñ, ò, ó da g) fSvinvierSemar-
Tviani xmovnebi: ha, he, hi, ho, hu.
megrulis zugdidur-samurzayanul kiloSi aris neit-
raluri ¸ xmovanic.
martivi xmovnebi: megrul-Wanuri a saSualo tipis xmo-
vania, maSin, roca qarTuli a ufro win wamoweuli xmovania.
Á Â
i u
e o
a e i (Á) _ wina rigisa da zeda aweulobis

a o u (Â) _ ukana rigisa da zeda aweulobis
a _ dabali aweulobis
e, o _ saSualo aweulobis
i u (Á Â) _ maRali aweulobis
i yvelaze wina rigisaa, u _ ukanasi.
yvelaze viwroebia i-u, yvelaze farToa _ a.
megr. a tipologiurad = rus. a-s, rogorc amas swo-
rad SeniSnavda a. cagareli.
megrul-WanurSi e dasturdeba Ria da daxuruli, anu
iotiani. Ria e ismis aseT frazebSi: si mi e? `Sen vin xar?~,
muferi koCi e? `rogori kacia?~. magram sarfulSi aris Á-
iani (daxuruli) e: muko waneri Áe? `ramdeni wlisaa?~. Ria
e warmoiTqmis megrulSic: e boSiq mumas uwuu àm biWma ma-
mas uTxra~.
48
i, rogorc maRali warmoebis viwro xmovani daaxloe-
biT = qarT. i-s.
megrul-Wanuri o ufro Rrma ukanaenismieria, vidre
qarTuli o.
megrul-Wanuri u artikulaciurad gansxvavdeba qarTu-
li u-sagan.
megrul-Wanuri u imdenad Rrmad ukanaenismieria, rom
enis ukana nawilis artikulacia ver aRwevs magari sasis bo-
lomde.
¸ xmovani ix. gv. 46.
iotiani xmovnebi: aseTi xmovnebi meoreuli warmoSobisa
arian da miiRebian aRmavali difTongizaciisadmi tendenciiT
(roca viwro Riaobis xmovani farTo Riaobis xmovanTan me-
zoblobaSi aRmoCndeba).
WanurSi (gansakuTrebiT) da megrulSi Á-iani xmovnebi
(Áa, Áe, Áo, Áu) gvxvdeba rogorc nasesxeb sityvebSi, ise Wa-
nuris sakuTar sityvebSi: dulÁa `saqme~, SilÁa àTasi~
(berZn.), ÁavaS `nela~, ÁaRi èrbo~, kazÁaRi `navTi~, ÁeTimi
òboli~, qÁoqi `fesvi~.
sakuTari sityvebi: gÁatkvacu (<geatkvacu `daaxta~),
pÁati `cudi~, mkÁafu `tura~, Áali `sarke~, kÁeti `patara
joxi~, ÁefuTxu àfrinda~, ÁofSa `savse~, gÁusTu `daus-
xlta~, Áulun àdis~, WÁurWa `WinWara~.
aRsaniSnavia, rom aRmavali difTongizaciis procesSi
xmovnebis garda monawileoben sonori Tanxmovnebi r WanurSi
da l megrulSi.
rÁ: ren _ Áen àris~, Cqimi Áen `Cemi aris~, koCi Áen
`kaci aris~, kiÁu _ kiru `Sekra~, doxToÁefe èqimebi~, bin-
jiÁare `daviZineb~.
lÁ: amas xels uwyobs is, rom l rbili xmovania da
Á-Si gadasvlamde l palataldeba llÁÁ:
Zalami _ ZalÁami _ ZaÁami `Zalian~, malazoni _
malÁazoni _ maÁazoni `monazoni~, dRalefi _ dRalÁefi _
dRaÁefi `dReebi~, luRi _ lÁuRi _ ÁuRi `leRvi~, aseve:
Áakvi `lekvi~, Áagvani `qvevri, lagvini~.
49
magarSemarTviani xmovnebi: aseTi xmovnebi meoreulia
megrul-WanurSi da Cveulebriv Sedegia faringalur mkveTr
¹-sTan ¹ < y < k/g momdevno xmovnebis Seguebisa. Sdr.: yur-
dgeli.
magarSemarTviani xmovnebi gansakuTrebiT axasiaTebs Wa-
nuris aTinur kilokavs: ¹ar, razec a. Ciqobava wers: Tavki-
duri ¹ abzacis aRmniSvnelia da fonemis mniSvneloba ara
aqvs.
s. JRents msgavs magaliTebad miaCnia: ¹amma `magram~, ¹an-
dRa `dRes~, ¹iduSunu ìfiqra~, sa¹ati `saaTi~, ¹efuTxes
àfrindnen~, ¹ovro `rva~, ¹ides `wavidnen~, ¹igzalu `wavida,
gaemgzavra~ (es ufro aTanurSia). gvaqvs megrulSic: mida-
ra¹u `gareka~. ray<rek-va, ¹vilua /kvla/<¹vil-un-s < k[i]l-
av-s.
magarSemarTviania xmovani, roca igi faringalur ¹-s Se-
egueba: ¹ude `saxli~, ¹uji `yuri~, ¹a `yeli~, qi¹ana `qveyana~,
¹urzeni `yurZeni~, ma¹are `mayari~, ¹ona `yana~. aq ¹<y.
fSvinvierSemarTviani xmovnebi: es axasiaTebs Wanuris
viwur-arqabulsa da aTinur kolokavebs: ha, he, hi, ho, hu
xmovanTa fSvinvieri SemarTva axasiaTebs CvenebiT nacvalsaxe-
lebs, zmnizedebsa da zogierT nasesxeb sityvas. xSiria ha da
he, iSviaTia hi, aseve ho, hu:
fSvinvieri SemarTva CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebSi: haÁa
ès~, hea ìs~, ham ès~, hem ìs~, hamuSi àmis~, hemuSi ìmis~,
hanTefe èseni~, henTefe ìsini~...
zmnizedebSi: heq ìq~, haq àq~, haSo àse~, heSo ìse~,
heqole ìqeT~, haqole àqeT~, hawi àxla~, hus àxla~, hako
àmdeni~.
zogjer fSvinvierSemarTviani o miRebulia qo-sagan:
hopWkomi (<qopWkomi) `SevWame~, Zigara hoSu (<qoSu) `Tamba-
qo moswia~, haguwuRu `gamoarTva~, hododgiTu `gaCerda~,
hoZiu `naxa~...
xmovanTa fSvinvieri SemarTva sporadulia xofurSi,
sul moSlilia megrulSi. megrulSi fSvinvieri SemarTva
50
xmovnebisa mxolod SorisdebulebTan dasturdeba qarTulis
msgavsad: ha jimaRureli... hai jimaia, hait nugaSqurinenania.
xmovnebis fSvinvieri SemarTva meoreuli araa, is Zveli
viTarebis naSTi unda iyos.
difTongebi da difTongizacia
kolxurSi gansakuTrebiT mdidradaa warmodgenili aRma-

vali difTongebi, damavali difTongebi mkrTalia.
difTongizaciis procesi gansakuTrebiT Zlieria Wanur-
Si. al. cagareli aRniSnavda, rom megruli difTongebiT mdi-
dari ar ariso da amis mizezad asaxelebda megrulis midre-
kilebas srulxmovnobisaken. cagarelis dakvirveba sworia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom difTongis pirvel nawils WanurSi
TiTqmis yvelgan Á Seadgens (Áa, Áe, Áo, Áu), xolo qarTul
kiloebSi Senaxul difTongebSi Á difTongebis II nawilia
(damavalia). damavali iyo difTongebi Zvel qarTulSi. axal-
Si ki, saliteraturo qarTulSi, difTongebi araa da arcaa
mosalodneli, radgan yoveli xmovani saliteraturo qar-
TulSi mkafiod warmoiTqmis.
aRmavali difTongizaciis procesSi WanurSi I komponen-
tad monawileoben i, e xmovnebi (a, o da u-sTan SeerTebiT),
agreTve narnara r (Wan.), l (megr.), aseve ¹ da j (aTinurSi).
ia>Áa: man-Áa `meo~ (Sdr. mokonia megr.), kai sersi mi-
Run-Áa `kargi xma maqvso~ (megr.: miRunia), ia/Áa mxolod a-s
iZleva fuZiseuli i-s Semdeg. awi-a àwio~, oxomiSqvi-a `ga-
miSvio~, aqonaSi-a àqao~. sxva sityvebSi: nalÁa `nalia~,
nosÁari `Wkviani~, onjRorÁari `morcxvi~, aÁa muen? ès ra
aris?~. nasesxeb sityvebSi: Áahudi èbraeli~, dulÁa `saqme~,
SilÁa àTasi~, ÁavaS `nela~, Áazi `zafxuli~, ÁaRi èrbo~,
lobÁa TurCa en, Cqin xaji buwumelT `lobio Turqulia,
Cven xajs veZaxiTo~.
51
ea>ia>Áa: gÁatkvacu (<geatkvacu `daaxta~), gÁaTxazu
(<geaTxazu `daedevna~), gÁajinu (<geajinu `daawva~), gÁakibi-
nu ùkbina~, qogÁaknu `xeli staca~.
megrulSi ea>ia, magram ia ar iZleva Áa-s, e.i. difTon-
gizacias ver iZleva: qi¹ana (<qe¹ana), wiari (<weari_wevari),
tiani (<teani_tevani), iafS¸ (<eafSu àevso~).
eo>Áo: gÁoWku `daiwyo~ (<geoWku), qogÁonjiru `Caaw-
vina~, gÁowkedu `daxeda~, ÁofSu àavso~ (<eofSu), gÁolu
`daaxta~ (<geolu), xe ÁoRi (< xe eoRi megr. `xeli aiRe~).
eu>Áu: so Áulur (<eulur) `sad adixar~ da so
gÁulur (<geulur) `sad Camodixar~; gÁustu da gÁanTxu
`dausxlta da daeca~.
WanurSi aRmaval difTongizaciaSi monawileobs r→Á
(a, e, i xmovnebTan): binjiÁare `daviZineb~, doxToÁefeq èqi-
mebma~, si mi Áe `Sen vin xar~, SeÁefe (<Serefe `nivTebi~).
megrulSi aRmavali difTongebis SeqmnaSi monawileobs
l→Á: daÁaqi, maÁas, Áagvani, Áadiri, buÁeki, Áuka, Áuri.
Wanuris aTinur kilokavSi aRmavali difTongis Á miRe-
bulia y-s xmovanTan Seguebis gziT: loÁa `tkbili~, meÁaferi
`mawoni~, oÁazu `gaTla~, mevoÁum `mivyvebi~, miÁonun `myavs~,
seri diÁu `daRamda~.
zogjer aRmavali difTongizaciisaTvis xeli Seuwyvia
j-s palatalizacias, Á-d qcevas:
emuS Áoxo (<joxo) ìmis saxeli~, badis uÁoxu
(<ujoxu) `dauZaxa~. aris SemTxvevebi, roca aRmavali dif-
Tongis I komponentad monawileobs o da iqceva v-d: dvaCodu
(<doaCodu) `gauTavda~, dvaWkindu (<doaWkindu) `daiRala~,
dvaWu (<doaWu) `daewva, etkina~, dvoSqidu (<dooSqidu)
`daaxrCo~.
aRmavali difTingis warmoqmnas zogjer xels uwyobs
u>î. ¹îa `Subli~, jîa `Zua~, qîa `qva~, tîa `tomara~, Tqîa min
reT `Tqven vin xarT~: skîami `lamazi~, Warîa `wera~, uxîene
oxorja òrsuli qali~.
52
damavali difTongebi:
aî: kaîli ves `sanaZleo dades~.
eÁ: eÁseles àdgnen~, SeÁtani èSmaki~.
aÁ: domaÁlu `Semomakvda~, kaÁmaxa (meg. `kalmaxi~).
oÁ: doÁles `mokles~, goÁqTu `dabrundnen~.
aTinur kilokavSi s-s dasusteba iZleva Á-s da iqmneba
damavali difTongi. oSveÁ (<oSves), SumteÁ (<Sumtes) `svam-
dnen~, Sdr. qarT. (qiziyuri) miÁdevs, boÁtani, wyli piraÁ
(=piras).
xmovanTa poziciuri sigrZe: kolxurs istoriulad, bu-
nebrivad grZeli xmovnebi ara aqvs. samagierod, megrulSi
xSiria poziciurad grZeli xmovani, rac gamowveulia ori
erTad Sexvedrili xmovnis gaerTianebiT. `mu ambee?~ an ambá.
aq `grZeli~ e asea miRebuli: ambavi>ambai>ambei>ambee>ambá. am
gziTaa miRebuli: naTesee `naTesavi~, safulee `saflavi~, ka-
ree `karavi~, iangee (iangeÁ<iagaÁ<iagavi//igavi). aq saurTier-
To asimilacia unda gvqondes: ai>ei (regr. asim.), Semdeg
ei>ee (progr. asim.). asea megr.: maisi>meisi>meesi>mási; nai-
ri>neiri>neeri>neri.
ei regresuli asimilaciiT iZleva ii-s: SeiZleba>SiiZ-
lebe>Siilebe, demi>dei>dii `devi~.
zogjer poziciurad grZeli xmovani miiReba or erTna-
ir xmovans Soris v-inis dakargviT (roca ori xmovani uSua-
lo mezoblobaSi moeqceva): patii (<pativi), gvilaa (<gvila-
va), papaa (<papava), bWarundee (<bWarundeve) `vwerde~...
aris megrulSi poziciuri grZeli xmovnebi: ragada-
ans/ragadans `laparakobs~. xSiria sityvis absolutur bo-
loSi: i¹uu ìqna~, uwuu ùTxra~, Tqä `Tqva~, kiTxä `hkiT-
xa~, doWä `Sekera~, ragadä ìlaparaka~, gàTä `gaaTava~. jva-
rulSia: vuwei `vuTxari~, voTxei `vaTxove~ (>vuwâ, voTxâ
asimil.), vuwei (<vuwevi, voTxevi, axsna g. rogavasia). ase
rom, aqac poziciuri sigrZe gvqonia xmovnisa.
53
konsonantizmi
kolxuris TanxmovanTa sistema imeorebs qarTulis Tan-

xmovanTa sistemas mcireodeni gansxvavebiT. kolxursac axasi-
aTebs sameulebrivi sistema Tanxmovnebisa:
b f p, d T t, Z c w, j C W, g q k. meeqvse sameu-
li qarTulSi defeqturia (Ã y), rac kolxurs ar gaaCnia,
radgan xaxis moqmedeba kolxurSi Sesustebulia, faringalu-
ri artikulacia moSlilia. y mxolod zog kilokavSia da-
culi, sxvagan is sxva refleqsebs iZleva.
y da misi refleqsebi: y ucvlelad aris daculi xo-
furSi: ya `civi~, yini `yinuli~, yvali `yveli~, yona `yana~,
muyu `mayvali~, yuji `yuri~, yvilums `klavs~, mindiyonu
`waiyvana~...
msgavs magaliTebSi viwur-arqabulsa da aTinurSi y>¹ an
ikargeba: ¹ini `civi~, ¹uji `yuri~ / ini, uji.
megrulSi y→¹, rasac xeli Seuwyvia magarSemarTviani
xmovnebis warmoqmnisaTvis: ¹uji, ¹ule, qi¹ana...
iSviaTad y-c dasturdeba megrulSi xmovnisa da v-s
win: yarauli, yazaxi, yvarani (=yorani), ikoSayarä `Seyara~,
yoryeli `xorxi~, yayali `CoCqoli~, yoyore `gogra~, iyviy-
vinans `nazad, faqizad gamoiyureba~. bolo magaliTi gviCve-
nebs, rom, Tu fuZeSi ori y aris, maSinac y ar icvleba ¹-d.
y megrulSi daculia harmoniul kompleqsebSi (ty, wy,
Wy):
ty: tya `tye~, tyebi `tyavi~, tyobua `damalva~, tyura
`tyuili~...
wy: wyari `wyali~, wyurgie `wyaro~, wyuriSi `wyalgri-
li~, wyii `wyavi~, wyunafa `wyineba~.
Wy: Wyori `mwyeri~, Wyvadua `wyveta~, Wyuala `wyevla~,
doWyafa `dawyeba~, WyeSua `damwysva~ (mwyemsva, xedna).
megrulisgan gansxvavebiT, harmoniul kompleqsebSi (ty,
wy, Wy) y ver Zlebs Wanuris verc erT kilokavSi, y>k (vi-
54
wur-arq., xof.) an y>0 (e.i. k-c ikargeba aTinurSi), mag. ix.
gv. 27-28: y > ¹ > Á > 0
xofurSi ramdenime magaliTia SerCenili aseTi kompleq-
sebisa: tyubi `tyupi~, Wyinti, WoWyofi `WanWrobi~, munWyvi
`maCvi~, WinWyvala `Signeuli~.
y > ¹. ¹ bgera amomwuravad daaxasiaTa al. cagarelma.
manve SemoiRo teqstebSi grafikuli niSani ¹. cagareli wer-
da: ¹ bgera iseTive warmoSobisaa, rogorc y, oRond pirveli
am ukanasknelze naxevrad ufro sustia raodenobrivad da
Tvisobrivad. saxeldobr, am bgeris (¹) warmoTqmisas araa sa-
Wiro erTmaneTTan Zlierad miWera im organoebisa, romlebic
monawileobas iReben am bgeris warmoTqmaSi: ena zeviT iwevs
da odnav exeba rbili sasis bolos. haernakadi gadalaxavs
ra am dabrkolebas, gadmocems ¹-s, romelic simaRliT da
xagrZlivobiT nakleb intensiuria, vidre y. amdenad, ¹ meg-
rulSi yvela SemTxvevaSi warmoebulia y-sgan da meoreulia.
cagarelis mixedviT, ¹ aris xorxismieri yru napralovani. eq-
sperimentuli gamokvlevebiT dadasturda, rom ¹ napralovani
(spiranti) araa (s. JRenti).
megrulSi ¹ dasturdeba v-s (î) win: ¹vana, ¹vilua, ¹vinTa-
fi. xmovanTan da v sonoris win ¹-s SenarCunebuli aqvs ¹-
sgan momdinare mkveTrobis Tviseba, es iqidan Cans, rom I pi-
ris niSani v an m kontaqturi asimilaciiT p-d iqceva: dopi-
li (< dop¹vili < dovyvili), ma puns (<p¹uns<myuns).
WanurSi (viwur-arq., aTin.) zogjer y icvleba k-d:

yvari kvari kvari `yorani~
yvali kvali kvali `yveli~
yva kva kîa/va `Subli~
yvareri kvareri kvareri `dedali~
agreTve xofuri kikiliki (<`yiyliyo~).
55
r fonema kolxurSi: n. marma da i. yifSiZem yuradReba
miaqcies r-s gauCinarebas megrul-WanurSi, xolo Ciqobavam
gansakuTrebiT aRniSna misi dakargvis faqti xmovnebsa da s-s
win. xolo JRentma specialuri werili uZRvna `r fonema
megrul-WanurSi~, saq. mecn. akad. moambe, XI2, 1941.
1) r ikargeba masobrivad xmovnebs Soris: gui `guli~,
jigei `RviZli~, bee `bavSvi~, oxoi `saxli~, nosei `Wkviani~,
isTees `TamaSobs~, ibies ìmReres~, gÁai `saWmeli~.
megrulSi SedarebiT mtkicea r: guri `guli~, Jiri
òri~, re àris~, wyari `wyali~...
magram dasturdeba magaliTebi r-s gauCinarebisa: (garda
banZur-martvilurisa); sxvagan ki: maJia (<maJira) `meore~,
jgua (<jgura) `msgavsi~.
2) r uCinardeba s-s win: ibgas (<ibgars) `tiris~, ibis
(<ibirs) `mReris~, nokis (<nokirs) àbia~, Cumes (<Cumers)
ìcavs, icdis~, uwumes (<uwumers) èubneba~.
3) r uCinardeba sxva spirant TanxmovanTa win (R, x,
): oRaRalu/oRarRalu `laparaki~, buRuli/burRuli `Rer-
Rili~, RaRalita (=RarRalita) jirkvlis avadmyofoba, wi-
Ru (<wirRu) xorcmeti, oRirinu `Rrena~, ÁoRani (<ÁorRa-
ni) `sabani~, doRu (<dorRu) `marTali~, oxixinu (<oxirxi-
nu) `xarxari~.
Sdr. megr: Waxali (<Warxali), vexi (=verxvi).
Wan.: kei (<keri `kanafi~), kai (<kari `lursmani~),
sua (<sufra).
4) r mtkicea da ar ikargeba gkq, dtT, Zwc, jWC, bpf,
m-sTan: burgili `muxli~, bergi `Toxi~, Turqi `Turqi~,
farka `kaba~, kardala `qvabi~, xorci, sarfi, qarba `muceli~.
5) piriqiTac xdeba: r Cndeba xSulTa win: marqvali
`kvercxi~, qarto `qertli~, morgaptu ìgebda~. megr.: mar-
wveni `mawoni~, Wirqa `Wiqa~, urcxo ùcxo~, arkvani àkvani~.
megrulSi (ara WanurSi!) r viTardeba xSirad spirante-
bis win: qorsa `qosa~, firsa `fisi~, layurSi `layuCi~, Wir-
xini `Wixvini~, SxurSxini `SuSxuni~.
56
iSviaTad aris WanurSic: sersi `xma~ (<sesi), irxi
(<ixi `qari~).
WanurSi r Cndeba kiTxviTi i-s win, roca sityva i/e-ze
bolovdeba: iZRiri? `gaZexi?~, iZici-r-i? ìcine?~, ìcini?~,
idi-r-i? `waxvedi?~, ma domkiTxiri? `me mkiTxe?~.
r-s buneba palatogramuli meTodiT Seiswavla s. JRen-
tma da misi gauCinareba ase axsna: r-s gauCinareba WanurSi
xmovnebs Soris an xmovansa da spirants Soris Sedegia e.w.
asimilaciuri tendenciisa. r-s dune artikulacia WanurSi
Seerwymeba wina momdevno xmovnis an kidev wina xmovnisa da
momdevno spirantis artikulacias. amitomaa igi warmoTqmaSi
daCrdiluli. namdvilad ki enobriv fsiqologiaSi igi arse-
bobs potenciurad. es rom asea, iqidan Cans, rom, Tu
mTqmels gavameorebinebT, igi mas gaacnobierebs da uTuod
warmoTqvams.
l fonema megrulSi: al. cagarelma da i. yifSiZem xazi
gausves l-s sirbiles megrulSi da mis palatalur bunebas.
am bgeraze o. qajaias specialuri statiacaa: `l fonemisaT-
vis megrulis martvilur-banZur TqmaSi~ (ped. inst. Sromebi,
III, 1956).
l-s silbo yvelaze Zlieria senakurSi, misi palatali-
zacia gansakuTrebiT Zlieria martvilur-banZur TqmaSi, ise
Zlieri, rom Tvisobrivad axal bgeraSi, Á-Si gadadis. mar-
tvilur-banZur TqmaSi l, rogorc fonema, dRes warmoTqmaSi
ar arsebobs.
a) l>Á xmovnebis win: Áagvani `lagvini~, Áadiri `ned-
li~, Áakvi `lekvi~, Áogini `logini~, Áurji `lurji~,
Áebia/ebia `lobio~, ÁeSi/eSi `nemsi~.
b) l>Á xmovansa da Tanxmovans Soris: axaÁgazda àxal-
gazrda~, qomoÁsqua `vaJiSvili~, kaÁmaxi `kalmaxi~, SaÁvari
`Salvari~. magram: Culqi, xalxi (aramegr.).
g) l>Á Tanxmovansa da xmovans Soris: pÁatoki `cxvir-
saxoci~, baSÁayu `baSlayi~, qimÁaxvadu `daxvda~, magram:
Rlami, qlibi, Wleqi (aramegr.).
d) xmovnebs Soris l>Á an l>0.
57
l>Á: qaÁaqi `qalaqi~, aÁoni àlioni~, xvaÁu `daaxve-
la~, moÁa `wamodi~, goÁa `mTa~, oÁage `kibe~, RoÁans àke-
Tebs~, koÁo `mZaRe~, xoÁo `kidev~, ToÁua `Tla~, CiCoÁua
`dafSvna~, xvae/xvaÁe `marto~.
l>0: e.i. vokalizacia, xmovnebSi Serwyma. Tu kompleq-
sis erT-erTi wevri i aris:
ali>ai: ZaiT `Tvali~, wamai `wamali~, qobai `puri~,
margai `megreli~, kakai `kakali, marcvali~...
oli>oi: Toi `Tovli~, orkoi `doqi~, orzoi `sagza-
li~, qomoi `mamakaci~, marWixoi `mercxali~...
uli>ui: ukui `mere, kvlav~, mumui `mamali~, birgui
`muxli~, dadui `dedali~, fuiri `maluli~, gotebui `gaSve-
buli~.
eli>ei: sqei `sqeli~, Tei `cocxali~, menZei `mTeli~,
orTumei `maspinZeli~, Rurei `sasTumali~, sofei `sofeli~.
aq kompleqsis meore wevri iyo i, axla vnaxoT pirvel
wevrad i:
ila>ia: Ciamuri `cremli~, kardia `kidobani~, xviari
`xvliki~, rkia `kivili~, kia `klite~, giarTu ùvlis, utri-
alebs~.
ilo>io: siogini `sulguni~, sadioba `sadiloba~, iori
ìlori~, Cio `colad~, cqvafio `Seqebulad~.
ile>ie: kie `mklavi~, viqie ìqiT~, kieri `daketili~,
ginies `gadavidnen~.
ili>ii: dinafii `dakarguli~, rgii `darguli~, kii
`nakli~, Cii `coli~, qviSii `qvisli~.
mxolod ilu>Áu: miniÁu `Sevida~, daxvamiÁu `daaxved-
ra~, dopiÁuns `momklavs~.
daskvna: l bgera Á-d iqceva a, o da u xmovnebTan me-
zoblobaSi, xolo e-sTan an ikargeba, an Á-s iZleva, xolo i
xmovanTan yovelTvis dakargulia l.
WanurSi sporadulad aris xmovnebs Soris l-s vokali-
zacia (l>0): yaefe (<yalefe) `toti, rto~, jaefe (<jale-
fe) `xeebi~.
58
ZiriTadi fonetikuri movlenebi
palatalizacia:
Suaenis (=enis zurgis Sua nawilis) magari sasis mi-

marT moqmedebis Sedegad miRebul bgeras eZaxian palatalurs
(laT. palatum `sasa~, frang. palatal `sasisa~). xmovanTagan
palataluria e da i (germ. ü über). qarTulSi palataluri
Tanxmovnebi ar gvaqvs, Tu ar CavTvliT naxevarxmovan Á-s,
romelic mijnazea xmovansa da Tanxmovans Sua.
palataluris garda enaSi SeiZleba iyos palatalize-
buli bgerebi anu rbili bgerebi (palatalur bgeraTa mezob-
lobaSi), mag. д’ет’и. aq д’ da т’ rbilia (palatalizebulia),
radgan isini palatalur (е, и) bgerebis mezoblobaSi iZenen
koartikulaciis bazaze meoreul (palatalur) artikulaci-
as; е da и-s silbo gadaedo maT.
qarTulSi palatalizdeba bagismieri, winaenismieri,
ukanaenismieri Tanxmovnebi. am SemTxvevaSi Tanxmovans emateba
Suaenis moqmedeba, rogorc meoreuli artikulacia _ ioti-
seburi artikulacia. xmovnebic palatalizdeba, amis nimuSia
germanuli umlauti Hand-Hände, a-s pirvelad artikulacias
miemata i-sebrivi artikulacia.
qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, kolxurSi gvaqvs palataluri
r, l da J Tanxmovnebi. palatalizacia ise Zlieria kolxur-
Si, rom bgerebi sagrZnoblad icvlian elfers da Tvisobrivad
axal bgeraSi gadadian. r da l iZleva Á-s amave palataliza-
ciis safuZvelze. aTinurSi g q k (ukanaenismieri) xSulebi
enanunismier SiSina afrikatebad qceulan (j C W) _ ix. gv. 31.
safiqrebelia, kolxuris kilokavebSi u/i-s monacvleoba
(Wkudi/Wkidi) palatalizaciis safuZvelze iyos momxdari.
amas specialuri Seswavla sWirdeba.
r da l-s Áotizaciaze ix. gv. 55-57.
`l~, megrulis msgavsad, WanurSic palataluria, Tu
mas gamoTqmaSi mosdevs Á: monWvaq klÁuxums `kruxi kruxu-
nebs~, nalÁa `sasiminde~, dulÁa `saqme~, SilÁa àTasi~...
59
winamavali Tanxmovnis iotizaciaze miuTiTebs Á magali-
TebSi: pÁati koCi `cudi kaci~, WÁurWa `WinWraqa~, dûqÁani
(aq d da q-c palataluria), aseve: TûTûni `TuTuni~.
J rom palataluria, cxadia, radgan igi modis Á-sagan:
Juri (<Áuri òri~, Sdr. svan. Áori). WanurSi n. marsa da s.
JRents dadasturebuli aqvT Áur kapiki òri kapiki~. wana
Áuri qododgiTu _ or wels darCa.
Jerine (<Áerine Turq. `nacvlad~): he biWi qodosqidu
noRamisaS Jerine ìs biWi darCa dedoflis nacvlad~. Ciqoba-
vas aqvs SeniSvna: meJomCu/meÁomCu `damwyevla~, aq Á>J.
lobja (aTinuri) (<lobJa<lobÁa).
Á>J-ze yuradReba gaamaxvila g. axvledianma: vJarebi
(<viarebi), Jare (<iare), Sdr. iakobiaÁakobiaJakobiaja-
kobia.
palatalizdeba g k q, sanam is afrikatad gadaiqceodes
(q W C). palatalizebulia: gÁ, kÁ, qÁ.
gÁ: qogÁonjiru `Caawvina~, gÁowkedu `daxeda~, qogÁoW-
ku `daiwyo~, gÁari `saWmeli~, gÁustu `dausxltda~, gÁan-
Txu `daeca~, gÁatkvacu `daeca~, gÁelini `rZali~.
qÁ: xezmeqÁai `msaxuri~, qÁori `brma~, qÁume `janjuxa~,
qÁurqi `qurqi~, prasqÁa `prasa~, heqÁae `zRapari~, Suri
qÁemixTu-Áa `suli amomxdao~, duqÁani `duqani~, qÁoqi `fes-
vi~.
kÁ: kÁeti `joxi~, kÁafu `tura~.
iotizacia aTinurSi ise Zlieria, rom g k q axal bge-
ras iZleva (j W C). ix. gv. 31.
labio-velarizacia:
velaruloba niSnavs enis zurgis ukana nawilis moqme-
debas rbili sasis fardis mimarT. (laT. velum `farda~).
akustikurad velaruli bgerebi magaria, velaruli niSnavs
`rbilsasismiers~.
qarTulSi velarulia o da u da Tanxmovnebi: g k q R x.
aris velarizebuli bgerebi: bu, do, zurgi. aq b, d, z
velarizebulia imis gamo, rom TiToeulma maTganma koarti-
kulaciis safuZvelze SeiZina momdevno xmovnebis velarulo-
60
ba (ukana enis aweva rbili sasisaken), rogorc meoreuli ar-
tikulacia.
qarTvelur enebSi dResac aris labialuri kompleqsebi:
Tanxm. + v = Zvali, Tvali, tvini, ZarRvi.
iyo Tu ara istoriulad qarTvelur enebSi labialize-
buli kompleqsi? iuSmanovis azriT, qarTvelur enebSi isto-
riulad unda yofiliyo labializebuli bgerebi (go, qo, ko,
Zo...), aseTi bgerebi Semdeg daSlila or fonemad da am gziT
Camoyalibebula amJamad arsebuli kompleqsebi: Tanxm + v:
go>gv, co>cv... g. rogavas azriT: es ase araa, rac iqidan
Cans, rom a) labializebuli bgerebi axasiaTebs afxazur-adi-
Rur enebs, sadac SeimCneva labializebuli fonemis moSla
ori gziT: I. delabializacia, bagismieri elementis gauCina-
reba. II. labializebuli bgeris Serwyma erT bgerad. afxazu-
ri *co-ba > -ba èqvsi~. labializebuli Tanxmovnebis or
Semadgenel fonemad daSla da orive elementis Semonaxvis
SemTxvevebi ar dasturdeba am enebSi.
b) dRevandel viTarebaSi qarTvelur enebSi yvela Tan-
xmovani SeiZleba Sediodes labialur kompleqsSi: dv, Tv,
tv, Zv, cv, wv, jv, Cv, Wv, xv... gamodis, rom unda gvqonoda
yvela xSulisa da spirantis saTanado labializebuli vari-
anti, rac araa sarwmuno.
s. JRentis azriT, qarTvelur enebs unda hqonodaT la-
bializebuli Tanxmovnebi: `Zvel qarTulSi umarcvlo î, roca
igi spirantebTan da xSulebTan gvaqvs dadasturebuli, unda
miuTiTebdes winamavali Tanxmovnis labialobaze~ (ix. misi
`labializebul TanxmovanTa sakiTxisaTvis qarTvelur eneb-
Si~, enimkis moambe, X, 1941, gv. 185). magaliTad moyvanilia:
zakuva, kumeva, yuavili, gueli... magram î (umarcvlo) ar Se-
iZleba yofiliyo: 1) r, l, n-sTan: rvali, rva, bevri, survi-
li, swavla, sivltola, yinva, mZ¼nvare, vneba, 2) xmovnebs
Soris: mkevali, tkivili, axovani, mravali, Tavi, yovli, 3)
Tavkidurad an prefiqsad: veli, vin, vWam, 4) masdaris sufiq-
si: kiTxva, zraxva, marxva, 5) nareduqcial fuZeSi: dev/idva,
Sev/Svili.
61
g. rogavas azriT, istoriulad ar gvqonia labialize-
buli Tanxmovnebi: Tanxm. + u. iyo ori bgerisgan Sedgenili
kompleqsi, rac bgerobriv ufro axlos idga labializebul
TanxmovnebTan, vinem Tanxm. + v.
Zvel qarTulSi rom î-s winamavali Tanxmovani ar SeiZ-
leba yofiliyo labializebuli, iqidan Cans, rom î-s win Se-
iZleba yofiliyo yvela wina da ukanaenismieri xSuli da
spiranti: minduris, Tuali, mtueri, Zuali, cuari, wueli,
juari, Cuen, samSWuali, zuaraki, sueli, eJuani, Suenis, gua-
mi, quabi, kuali, Ruawli, xuavi, yuareba.
ismis kiTxva: Tanx. + î iyo Tu ara damoukidebeli bge-
ris kompleqsi, Tu aq erTi bgera gvaqvs, labializebuli fo-
nema, arsebiTad gansxvavebuli aralabializebulisgan? mag.
Zîali. Z damoukidebeli fonemaa: Zevs, Zovs. î-c damoukidebe-
li bgeraa, rac sxva poziciaSi u asoTi aRiniSneboda: unda,
kudi, udabno.
î (wyvilbagismieri spiranti) unda gvqonoda damoukide-
bel fonemad Zvel qarTulSi.
Zvel saliteraturo qarTulSi v asoTi aRiniSneboda
ori fonema: 1) wyvilbagismieri v (=î) sityvebSi: val, ved,
Tav. aq v > î sxva poziciaSi: val, xual, warved, warxued.
vesavi//xuesavi (<vxuesavT), SexuabT (<SexvabT<SevxabT),
Tav-i/Tv-isi>T¼si (//Tîisi).
2) kbilbagismierobisken gadaxrili bgera v, romelic
Sedis zmnur sufiqsebSi: klavs, dauteva, saxelebSi: qva, saz-
Rvari, qarTveli, xvale, yveli, zraxva, risxva. aseve Zveli
qarTulis v meoreuli fonema unda yofiliyo da unda mom-
dinareobdes l-sonorisagan. garkveul poziciaSi Zvel qar-
TulSi l>v: t-ev (dauteva)<*t-el(n. mari), Wan.-megr. domi-
t-al, wy-ev (<wyel, Wan.-megr. Wyel). e.i. Zvel qarTulSi
ori labialuri kompleqsia: Tanxm.+î da Tanxm.+v. amaTgan I
ufro Zvelia, II _ gviandeli.
kolxurSi labialuri kompleqsebi sustadaa warmodge-
nili, magram mainc aris:
62
jî: jîeSi `Zveli~, jîebe (sakuTari saxeli).
Wkî: Wkîeri `Wkviani~, Wîti/Wviti `daxuWva~, WîaTans
`wveTavs~.
kî: skîami `lamazi~, akîani àkvani~.
xî: xîai `xvavi~.
gî: gîeri `gveli~.
labiovelarizaciiT j-s uCndeba g: j>jg: ujgu `jo-
bia~, jgijgitia `jinWvela~.
C>Cq: Cqimi `Cemi~, CqiCqu `Cvili bavSvi~, uCqu ìcis~.
W>Wk: Wkaduns `Wedavs~, Wkomuns `Wams~, Wkiruns
`Wris~.
asimilacia:
i. yifSiZem specialurad Seiswavla megrulSi asimila-

ciis wesi qarTulTan SepirispirebiT da werda: `Zvel qar-
TulSi, romelic mwerlobiTia da maSasadame, ramdenadme xe-
lovnuri enaa, moCans asimilatoruli tendenciebis winaaR-
mdegi midrekileba, rom daculi iqnas mwyobri da broliviT
wminda morfologiuri da etimologiuri struqtura enisa;
megrulSi ki, romelic saliteraturo ena ar aris, piriqiT,
upiratesoba eZleva fonetikur dasabams, romelic ar aris
SemozRuduli araviTari pirobiTi mwignobruli sagramatiko
kanoniT. magram Zvel qarTul enaSic (axal qarTulze rom
aRara vTqvaT ra) amoCqefs xolme aqa-iq es mZlavri asimila-
toruli nakaduli.~
asimilacia met-naklebad kolxuris yvela kilokavs axa-
siaTebs. saerTod fonetikuri procesebidan yvelaze Zlieria
asimilaciis procesebi da kerZod, preverbiseul xmovanTa
asimilacia xofurSi, SedarebiT sustia viwur-arqabulSi da
kidev ufro sustia aTinurSi. xofuris gagrZelebas am mxriv
megruli warmoadgens. aq preverbiseuli xmovani TiTqmis yo-
velTvis emsgavseba zmnis fuZiseul xmovans (gamonaklisia sa-
murzayanuli: vuwei `vuTxari~).
63
preverbiseuli xmovnis fuZiseulTan Sexvedrisas asimi-
lacia regresulia (rogorc qarTvelur enebSia es).
asimilacia srulicaa da nawilobrivic: pirvel Sem-
TxvevaSi ori xmovnidan erTi gvrCeba, mag. o+i > ii > i. es
i araa grZeli, amitom iqneb gvefiqra, rom erTi xmovani (o)
daikarga. magram es rom ase araa, iqidan Cans, rom gvaqvs na-
wilobrivi asimilacia, meorecaa da xmovnis dakargva WanurSi
momdevno xmovans axasiaTebs.
xmovanTa sruli asimilacia:
a+u>u: gowuRu (<gowauRu) `gamoarTva~, gamujoxu `ga-
mouZaxa~, mendauRu `wauRo~, qogamuRu `gamouRo~.
a+o>o: mendoCqu (<mendaoCqu) `gaagzavna~, qomeSoxunee-
nan (<qomeSaoxuneenan) `CausvamT~.
a+i>i: mendiRu (<mendaiRu) `waiRo~, qeSiona (<qeSaio-
nu) àmoiyvana~, elikaTu (<elaikaTu `waiyolia~).
e+i>i: giqTu (<geiqTu) `waiqca~, qogidgu (<qogeidgu)
`daidga~.
o+i>i: dinjiru (<doinjiru) `dawva~, diZicu `gaici-
na~, qodiqCu (<qodoiqaCu) `daiWira xelSi~, diZRu `gaZRa~...
o+u>u: duwu (<douwu) ùTxra~, dojoxu `dauZaxa~,
mulun (<moulun) `modis~, quCqin (<qouCqin) ìcis~, oxuSqu
àuSva~. megr. muCu (<mouCu) `momca~. samurzayanulSi uasimi-
lacio formebia: gamkoutaxi `moutexa~, mours `modis~, va-
doutebu àr dautovebia~, qousqudu xoji èba xari~ (m. ci-
kolia).
o+o>o: qododgini (<qodiodgini) `gaaCere~, qodoguru
àswavla~, dolowkedu `Caxeda~ (<doloowkedu), gowovides
(<gowoovides) `Camovides~, doSleTinu ìxsna~, dolonWu
`CauSva, Cayo~...
o+e>e: qeiselu (<qoeiselu) àdga~, qeSaxTu (<qoeSax-
Tu) àmovida~, qeSkieru àmoiRo~.
o+a>a: qamafTi (<qoamafTi) àmovedi~, va maRerdinu (va
moaRerdinu) `ver momatyua~, qoganwku Toli àaxila Tvali~
(<qogoanwku).
xmovanTa nawilobrivi asimilacia:
64
o+i>ui: guiqTu (<goiqTu) `dabrunda~, qamuiwku (<qo-
moiwko) `gaixada~, muizdu `moswia~, guitu `dadioda~, muin-
Weren (<moinWeren) `moweula, momwifebula~.
a-s win preverbiseulma o-m SeiZleba asimilacia ganica-
dos da v-d iqces (g. axvledianiT, o→v substituciaa):
o+a>va: dvaWu (<doaWu) `daewva~, qodolvaqites (<qo-
doloaqites) `gadaexvivnen~, okvakides (<okoakides) `waekid-
nen, waiCxubnen~, dvaRodu (<doaRodu) `daemarTa~, dvafisu
(<doafisu) `dasvara~...
e+o>Áo: qogÁoWkes (<qogeoWkes) `daiwyes~, gÁobun `ki-
dia~, gÁolu `daaxta~, gÁajinu `daawva~, gÁoTun (<geoTun)
àxuravs~, qogÁoxunu `dasva~...
e+u>Áu: qÁuxTu (<qoeuxTu) àmouvida~, Áulun (<eu-
lun) àmodis~, qÁuWofu (<qoeuWofu) ùyida~, àuRo~.
e+a>Áa: qogÁaknu (<qogeaknu) `xelSi eca~, gÁaTxozu
(<geaTxozu) `gaekida~, Áezdu (eezdu `zida~=swevs), qogÁage-
retu `daCveoda~.
xmovanTa distanciuri asimilacia: wina marcvlis o
momdevno marcvlis u-s emsgavseba: qaguwuRu (<qogowuRu)
`gamoarTva~, dulunqinu (<dolunqinu<dolounqinu) `tansac-
meli~, gululu (<golulu<golaulu) `gauara~.
wina marcvlis e momdevno marcvlis i-s imsgavsebs:
mindiRi (<mendiRi<mendaiRi) `waiRe~, mindiyones (<men-
diyones<mendaiyones) `waiyvanes~, iwiwkedu (<ewiwkedu<ewaiw-
kedu) àixeda~.
uasimilacioba:
1) iSviaTad WanurSi preverbiseuli xmovani ucvlela-
daa warmodgenili fuZiseuli xmovnis win: va(r) daijeru
àr daijera~, qogeiones `Camoiyvanes~, qudi qogeiTvu `qudi
daixura~, qeuWofi `gamoarTvi~, moikidu `moikida~, qomoiw-
kes `gaixades~.
2) xmovanTa Soris S1 v-s dakargvis Semdeg asimilacia
ar xdeba: gouluT (<govuluT) `davdivarT~, qeuWofi (<qe-
vuWofi) `vuyide~, meoWkiri `davkali~, doloutkoCi `Cavug-
de~.
65
Ciqobava: `preverbiseul xmovanTa asimilacia imdenad
cvlis zmnis garegnobas, rom erTi SexedviT zmnis amocnoba
Wirs: qigegu (qogaigu) `Seegua~.
megrulSic aris xmovanTa asimilacia: ambá (ambee_am-
bei_ambai_ambavi). asea: naTesá `naTesavi~, safulá `saflavi~,
kará `karavi~.
kiTxviTi nawilaki icvleba asimilaciiT. mo ore (<mu
ore) `ra aris~.
uaryofiTi nawilaki: ve gioxe, ve ngara (<va gioxe, va
ingara) àr amCnevia/aCnia~, àr itiro~. veda (<va ida) àr
waxvide~, mideeRi (<midaiRi) `waiRe~, geebxari (gaibxari)
`gavixare~.
megr. meesi (<meisi<maisi), seni (<seeni<seini<saini).
TanxmovanTa asimilacia: sainteresoa is faqti, rom asi-
milacia megrul-WanurSi calke sityvebis sazRvrebs Soris
xdeba (I sityvis bolo da momdevnos dasawyisi). ori sityvis
Sesayarze asimilacia gansakuTrebiT axasiaTebs Wanurs, ker-
Zod, viwur-arqabulsa da aTinurs: ma vit koC dopilum `me
aT kacs movklav~ (t miviReT k-s gavleniT). `heg ren-i~? ìq
aris?~ (q>g) `babag do nanaq~ `mamam da dedam~, `neknaz gamax-
Tez do~ `karSi gamovidnen~, `mod mebCi~ `ratom miveci~.
2) Á amJRerebs wina sityvis bolo yrufSvinviers: na
moxTez ÁeriSekele doqTes `rom movidnen, im adgilisaken
gaabrunes~, `Tiz ÁobRaman~ `Tavze Seayrian~.
sxvaTa sityvis nawilakis (ìa~_`Áa~) Á amJRerebs wina-
Tanxmovans:
qomoxTaz-Áa `movideso~, uwvez-Áa ùTxreso~, qoZiraz-
Áa `naxoso~, ar njaz-Áa èrT xeso~, hag-Áa àqo~, had-Áa
(<haT-Áa).
3) piris niSnis an micemiTi brunvis -s mJRerdeba z-d,
Tu mas mosdevs `do~, `na~:
heSo vez do ìse gaakeTes~, sesi ognez do `xma gaigo-
nes~, jebiz na uRutes `jibeSi rom hqondaT~, Toliz na
`TvalSi rom~, ofutezna `sofels rom~.
66
TanxmovanTa regresuli asimilaciis nimuSs iZleva S1
niSani v/b:
v>b mJRer TanxmovanTa win asimilaciiT: bgoruf `ve-
Zeb~, ebzdif àviReb~, bzopon `vambob~, megr. debgviane `da-
vagviane~, dibgari `davitire~, ma bRoli `me vqeni~.
v>f yru fSvinvierTa win: mofTi `movedi~, fSvi `dav-
lie~, vTqvi `vTqvi~, fCumer `velodebi~, gefTa `Cavide~,
megr. fqimini `vqeni~, patii qofci `pativi veci~.
v>p mkveTrebis win: pWofi `daviWire~, ma pwili `me
vkrife~, doloptkoCi `Cavagde~, pkiTxi `vkiTxe~, òko ipi-
de~ megr. ùnda viyido~.
megrulSi 01 niSani m-c imave variantebs iZleva, ro-
gorc v (S1): bgaruns `mtiris~, blanZRuns `mlanZRavs~,
fTxoruns `masaflavebs~, fTxuens `mTxovs~, mopkiTxu `mom-
kiTxa~, mepkvaTu `momWra~, mopidu `momyida~...
xmovanTa asimilacia Zlieria gansakuTrebiT xofurSi.
kyoropti `gyvarobdi~, ekWofi `wagiyvan~, kyvilaminan
`mogklav~, qCumelan `gelodebian~, osTeraptu àTamaSebda~,
yoroptu `yvarobda~, iCaliSeptu `muSaobda~, karocxuptu
ìTvlida~, iqiptes àkeTebdnen~. aris aseTic: optomobili
àvtomobili~, piWkopa `pirCaRma wola~.
regresuli asimilacia xdeba moTx. brunvaSi: duT-q
(<dud-q) `Tavma~, xoC-q (xojq) `xarma~.
asimilaciis safuZvelze n enacvleba r-s winaenismier
xSulTa win: `dRes~, vindRa (<viTdRa) àTi dRe~.
n. mars aq n ganviTarebuli egona u/i xmovnebis Semdeg
d-s win, magram i. yifSiZem sworad axsna, rom n enacvleba r-
s, romelic gamowveulia d-s mier regresuli asimilaciis
ZaliTo.
distanciuri regresuli asimilacia: sapatoni `SabaTi~,
putuji (<butkuji) `futkari~, tekike (<dekike) `wuTi~,
uwiemenan (<uwumelan) èubnebian~.
megr. wawibeli (<sawebeli), xaceci (<xaTeci) `patarZa-
li~, susTi (<susti).
67
progresuli asimilacia: JaSxa (<bJaS dRa) `kvira (mzis
dRe)~, TuTaSxa òrSabaTi (mTvaris dRe)~, caSxa/ CaCxa
`xuTSabaTi (cis dRe)~.
bagismieri TanxmovanTa gavlena xmovnebze: bagismieri b,
m moqmedeben xmovnebze asimilaciis wesiT. megr.: Rumu, Sdr.
qarT.: Romi, Wan.: Rumi. momdevno m-s gavleniT o>u (daviw-
rovda).
Tuma (<Toma), asimilirebuli `Tuma~ (Tma) dasturdeba
zugdidur-samurzayanulSi.
senakuri: Txomu>Txumu `Txmela~ (zugd.-samurzay.), qo-
Tomi>qoTume (Wan.) `qaTami~.
xomafa>xumafa `xmoba~, bozomoTa>bozumoTa `SviliSvi-
li~, gomaCamu (<gamaCamu) `gayidva~, meZobar (<meZebari), mo-
kobiwki tueRi (<mokabiwki) `movixseni Tofi~, tubu (<to-
bu) `Tbili~.
disimilacia:
kolxurSi disimilacia sakmaod gavrcelebuli proce-

sia. disimilacias gansakuTrebuli adgili aqvs megrulis
yvela kilokavSi da Wanuris mxolod xofur kilokavSi: vi-
wur-arqabulsa da aTinurSi sadaurobis aRmniSvneli sufiq-
sebi disimilacias ar ganicdian: orWari da arqaburi àrWe-
li da arqabeli~, Rureri `mkvdari~, morderi `mozrdili~,
dincxirari `sisxliani~, mcorari `gavcri~, oxrasure `mu-
li~.
i. yifSiZem daadgina, rom megrulSi sityvis fuZeSi
ori r ver Zlebs da progresuli disimilaciis safuZvelze
momdevno r iqceva l-d: irifeli (<iriferi) `yvelaferi~,
onjRore le (<onjRore re(n)) `sircxvili aris~, jgiri le
(Sdr. jgiri saqme re) `kargi saqme aris~, kvaTiri le `daW-
rilia~. aseve mosdis sadaurobis sufiqss: ur>ul (Tu fuZe-
Si r aris): xorguli (<xorguri `xorguli~), qorTuli
`qarTuli~, aWaruli àWaruli~... magram ori r-s disimila-
68
cias adgili ara aqvs, Tu maT Soris sonori l moeqca: mar-
tviluri, margaluri...
iSviaTadaa viwur-arqabulsa da aTinurSi disimilacia:
Rureli `mkvdari~, mgaineli `namtiralevi~, mondrikeli `mo-
Runuli~, oxrasule `muli~.
xofurSi ki iSviaTia udisimilacio formebi: Rureli
`mkvdari~, meRireli `miRirili~, mordeli `mozrdili~, Cxva-
reli `dacexvili~, meWkieli `moWrili~ (<meWkireli<meWki-
reri). aqedan Cans, rom disimilacia win uswrebs r-s dakar-
gvas xmovnebs Soris, mis vokalizacias. aseTia: Squineli `Se-
Sinebuli~, ugÁaeli ùWmeli~, ufaeli ùfulo~, mgaineli
`namtiralevi~...
xofurSi sayuradReboa Semdegi: Tu fuZeSi r aris,
TurmeobiTi I-is mawarmoebel ere-s win mTeli marcvali -el
CaerTvis: qodinjireleren `dawolila~, qanoWkireleren `da-
uklavs~, imgareleren ùtiria~, injireleren ùZinia~, pWa-
relere `damiweria~. raa es -el? Ciqobava: -er mimReobis ma-
warmoebelia, magram raRaa -el? -er-is varianti? riT aixsne-
ba maTi erTad xmareba? kiTxva Riad rCeba, radgan faqtobri-
vi masala (teqstebi) jer amis saSualebas ar iZleva.
s. JRenti: -el ar iqneba -er-is varianti. ase rom iyos,
maSin -el unda gvqonoda iseT zmnebTanac, romelTac fuZeSi
r ara aqvT. magram es ase araa. Tu zmnas fuZeSi r ara aqvs,
es -el ar Cndeba: igzaleren `wasula~, qamaxTeren `Sesula~,
kiTxeen ùkiTxavs~, ideen `wasula~... irkveva, rom -el fone-
tikuri CanarTia. radgan xofurs axasiaTebs progresuli di-
similacia, amdenad -er sufiqsi unda qceuliyo el-ad: bWar-
el-e `damiweria~, bZir-el-e `daminaxavs~. magram xofurma
sxva gza airCia: morfologiuri elementiseuli r-s disimi-
lacia ar moaxdina, roca fuZeSic r hqonda da el marcvali
CaurTo, riTac fuZeSi ori r gaaneitrala da disimilaciac
aicdina (Sdr. qarTluri). xofurs am SemTxvevaSi ar SeeZlo
marto l CaerTo, radgan mas srulxmovnoba axasiaTebs da
marcvali iseTi xmovniT Cado, rogorc er sufiqsSia.
69
cxvirismier bgeraTa disimilacia: uRuran (<uRunan)
`rom aqvT~, megr. onbale (<ombalo), anbe (<ambe) àmbavi~.
aris sxva saxis disimilacia: nekla (<nekna), liSani (<niSa-
ni), ekna (<nekna, aq disimilaciuri dakargvaa).
xSulTa kompleqsebis disimilaciis dros I xSuli reg-
resuli disimilaciiT iqceva spirantad (Sdr. хто<кто,
доктор>дохт(у)ор, трахтор.. _ es wesi kitermanma aRniSna ru-
sulSi). aseTi disimilacia axasiaTebs Wanurs, gansakuTrebiT
aTinurs:
qc>xc: qcaferi>//xcaferi `dampali~, cqumuturi//cxu-
muturi `zRmartli~.
qC>xC: qCe//xCe, xCe>Ce (disimilaciuri dakargva) `TeT-
ri~, qCini/xCini `moxuci qali~, vaxTi (<vaqTi<Turq. vakti)
`dro~.
Cq>Sq: nana Sqimi `deda Cemi~, Squni/Cquni `Cveni~, miSqu
`vici~, xaSquman `Tesen~.
Wk>Sk: oSkomale oSkomes `saWmeli Wames~, lemSkva
`nerwyvi~ (<lemWkva)//lemWva (am ukanasknelSi Wk>W, e.i. mox-
da disimilaciuri dakargva).
Cans, rom aTinuri or gzas mimarTavs, rom xSulTa kom-
pleqsis warmoTqma gaaadvilos: I. pirveli komponentis gaspi-
ranteba (Wk>Sk) an II. progresuli disimilaciuri dakargva
(Wk>W). amitomaa, rom gvaqvs:
Wk>W: Woni (<Wkoni) `muxa~, mWeSi (mWkeSi) `mwyemsi~,
gomiWondu `damaviwyda~.
wk>w: wari `wyali~, mawindi `beWedi~, owedi `Sexede~,
gonwu `gaaRo~.
tk>t: tebi `tyavi~, otoCi `gadaagde~, mturi katu
`tyiuri kata~ (<mtkuri `tyiuri~).
Wanurs axasiaTebs specifikuri fonetikuri movlena:
regresuli da progresuli disimilaciuri gamkveTreba anu
abruptivizacia:
1) regresuli disimilaciuri gamkveTreba: ikbali (<ig-
bali arTaSenuli) ìRbali~, ikzalu `wavida~, pazariSa idu
`bazarSi wavida~ (Sdr. dabneva>dapneva), prinji (brinji),
70
sapri (moTmineba), kazeTa (gazeTi), kazÁaRi (<gazÁaR `nav-
Ti~), kalaSi (galaSi `Crd. qari~), kundi (gundi `ganavali~),
megr. turini (<durini), pilavi (<filavi `flavi~), mapuza-
li `boloqanqala~, pati (<biaT Turq. `cudi~), qowiru
(<qoZiru), wiqva (<Ziqva, Wan. `nifxavi~), toqseri (<doqseri,
`guSinwin~), dokaCu (<doqaCu `daiWira~), Wergezi (<Cerqe-
zi), Wuvali (<Cuvali `tomara~), WakuWi (<CaquCi), megr. Wi-
Wilaki (<CiCilaki), karwimali (Wan.) < qarcimali `nisli~.
megr.: cqicqoni/wkiwkoni, gvigvili/kvikvili `xis xvixvili~,
dgurdgini/tkurtkini `bevris gafrena~, dgvardgvai/tkvar-
tkvari, Wan. papuwi (<fabuC Turq. qalis fexsacmeli), kukuma
(<gûRûm Turq. `sura~), papaxi (<fafaxi) `fafaxi, qudi~, ka-
ta (<kaTTa `yoveli~ `kata ndRas~). viT-is (aTi) T mkveT-
rdeba 10-dan 20-mde nawarmoeb ricxviT saxelebSi: vitvar
`TerTmeti~, vitoJur `Tormeti~...
n. mariT, ricxviT saxelSi t (vitvar) miRebulia T+d
Serwymis gziT T+d>t.
viT-do-ar > vitvar. s. JRentiT ki: viT do ar > viT
To ar > vitTo ar > vitoar (e.i. jer asimilacia, Semdeg
disimilaciuri gamkveTreba).
2) progresuli disimilaciuri gamkveTreba:
sq>sk: skani `Seni~, skiri (<sqiri `Svili~), megr.
sqi//skiri (gabeskiria, papaskiri, wuleiskiri), Wan. mskibu
`wisqvili~.
Sq>Sk: Sqa/Ska (Wan.) `weli~, leSki/leSqi `bage~, aSku-
rinu (Wan.) `SeeSinda~, Sku<Cqu: Sku sum juma borTiTu `Cven
sami Zma viyaviT~.
sT>st: vistoli `visrole~, vistertiT `vTamaSobdiT~,
nostonei `gemrieli~, koCisteri `kaciviT~.
xT>xt: qomoxtua `movida~, vaxtis `droze~.
sxva saxis, mag.: beqWi (<beqCi, Turq. `mcveli~), raboWi
(<рабочий), raboWi Cqimi `Cemi muSa~, mcika-mcika `cot-co-
ta~ (<mciqa), araranwi (<araranci<araranZi) (limonis ji-
Sia), oxorwa (<oxorZa, `qali diasaxlisi~), aTinurSia xowi
(<xorci), arapi//arabi, Sarapi/Sarabi `Rvino~, saaTi/saati,
71
raxaTi/raxati: raxat-raxati sqides `nel-nela cxovrobdnen~,
memedi/memeti, axmed/axmet, RaWo (<RaJo) (Citia, romliTac
miminos iWeren), zavoti (<zavodi) ~завод”, megr. RerReti
(<RerRedi `bati~), alerti (<alaverdi).
ra aris abruptivizaciis safuZveli? e. ziverss wignSi
`fonetikis safuZvlebi~ (`Grundzüge der Phonetik~) aseTi sa-
yuradRebo azri aqvs gamoTqmuli:
xSulTa kompleqsebSi (vTqvaT, qarT: sq>sk, Sq>Sk,
sT>st...) winamaval spirants sWirdeba haerisa da warmoTqmis
energiis imdenad didi raodenoba, rom momdevno xSuli mxo-
lod haeris naxevari raodenobiT da siZlieriT warmoiT-
qmis~. e.i. aTinursa da viwur-arqabulSi winamavali spirante-
bi arTmeven ra momdevno xSulebs haernakads didi raodeno-
biT, amitom es xSulebi (momdevno) usunTqvel anu mkveTr
bgerebad iqcevian.
aRsaniSnavia, rom aris spontanuri xasiaTis gamkveTre-
bis SemTxveva: uwyvetlis mawarmoebelia -t WanurSi, xolo
qarTulsa da megrulSi d (d>t). Warumtu `werda~, zumumtu
`zomavda~...
disimilaciuri dezafrikatizacia ix. dezafrikatizaci-
asTan.
afrikatizacia:
J>j: jur (aTin. òri~), jurneC òrmoci~, manjura

`meore~ (aTinurSia).
jin (<Jin) qorba on `zeviT mucelia~, m-joli `mJoli~
esec aTinurSia.
megr. jinosqua (<Jino squa) àznauri~, m-ja (<mJa/bJa)
`rZe~ _ aTin.
mjora (<mJora) `mze~, mjvabu (<Jvabu) `gombeSo~, kiji-
na doloqaCes `yiJina daayares~.
z>Z: Zabuni (<zabuni) àvadmyofi~, meg. Zaxali (<mzaxa-
li), megr. veZiri (<veziri), megr. baZari (<bazari), megr.
(zenwari) > Zenwari, (mzoRa>) ZuRa (Wan.) `zRva~.
72
d>j: megrulis jvarul TqmaSi, cagarelis cnobiT,
dasturdeba: jo `da~ (kavSiri), juji `Tavi~, ragaji `lapa-
raki~, ubejuri ùbeduri~, nacvlad: do, dudi, ragadi, ube-
duri formebisa.
yifSiZis teqstebSi: ragajancs, ubejuri, ena va jeejer¸
jo ès ar daijera da~...
yifSiZes mohyavs: jujelia, jujelia! Cqim mamuli xar-
gelia, SxvaSi mamuli furcelia `...Cemi mamuli savsea (dat-
virTulia), sxvisi mamuli _ foToliviTaa~. `dudelia, du-
delia~ (TavTavi!)... yifSiZes aq j Tavdapirveli egona, magram
piriqiTaa: d>j. es rom asea, Cans:
megr. gudu>guju (Sdr. gudava), megr. daxe>jaxe, xinji
(<xidi), qarT. RerRedi, Wan. RorRoji, megr. RorRonji.
al. cagareliT, ji (megruli mimReobis mawarmoebeli)
modis di-sgan (qebadi, qmnadi, dabadebadi), megr. narenji `nam-
yofi~, marenji `marebeli~, maxenji `qurdi~, lurenji `mZina-
re~.
S>C: Cxami (xof. `Sxami~), mCxu `msxvili~ (Sdr. Sxu
megr.), Cqva (<Sxva(m.) <sxva).
Wan.: bJaCxa `mzis dRe, kvira~, jumaCxa òTxSabaTi~,
ikinaCxa `samSabaTi~, TuTaCxa `mTvaris dRe, orSabaTi~. meg-
rulSi S-s afrikatizacia ar xdeba: JaSxa, TuTaSxa...
Sk>Wk: uwu Wkule `rom uTxra imis Semdeg~ (<uwuSku-
le), ar saatiWkule èrTi saaTis Semdeg~. asea es xofurSi!
iSviaTia viwur-arqabulSi. xofurSi iSviaTad aris: saaTiSku-
le `saaTis Semdeg~.
v. Tofuriam gaarkvia, rom megr. wkala / wkela / wkuma-
s w da Wanuri Wkule-s (`Semdeg~) W miiReboda naT. brunvis
S-sagan momdevno mkveTr k-sTan Sexvedris gamo. msgavsia qve-
moimerulSi. tyiwyen (<tyisken), ameiyvanowyen (<ameiyvanoske).
sainteresoa am mxriv aTinuri oxoriWkÁura `qali~,
romelic miRebulia: oxoriSkÁura-sgan (òxori~+kÁura
berZn. `saxlis qalbatoni~), sarfulSi s. JRenti adastu-
rebs: diWkafi (<diSkai, Turq. `WiSkari~).
73
s>c: arqabulSia: cqani `Seni~, cqande (<sqande `Sen-
gan~), cxuli (m-sxali), ocxoni (sxveni), di-cx-iri (si-sx-
li), TerciSe (TersiSe Turq. ters `marcxena~).
zugdidur-samurzayanulSi mic. br. _ s da S3 s > c:
koc `kacs~, mindorc `mindors~, qorwancia `Tu gwam-
so~, ragadanc `laparakobs~...
megr. ankeci ànkesi~, sakveci `sakvesi~, curu `suro~.
aTinurs axasiaTebs ukanaenismierTa afrikatizacia:
g-k-q  j-W-C. ix. gv. 31.
dezafrikatizacia:
g. rogavam specialurad Seiswavla es sakiTxi (`disimi-

laciuri dezafrikatizaciis erTi saxeoba zanurSi~, Tsu
Sr., XXXB-XXXIB, 1947). aRniSnaven, rom rig SemTxvevaSi
qarT. r-s Seesatyviseba megr. j: piri/piji, mxari/xuji, xa-
ri/xoji, yuri/¹uji, furi/fuji, qmari/qomoji... (a. cagare-
li).
aseTi Sesatyvisoba dasturdeba mxolod afiqsebSi:
x-ar/x-an (xnavs). x-oj/x-on: aseT SemTxvevaSi ivaraudeba er-
Ti da imave masalis fonetikuri variantebi. magram aris Sem-
Txveva, roca qarT. r-s Sesatyvisad megrulSi j-s parale-
lurad d-caa: cxviri=Cxvindi/Cxvinji, mweri=Wandi/Wanji.
aseT SemTxvevaSi j>d miRebulia disimilaciuri dezafrika-
tizaciiT (i. yifSiZe).
zanurSi piruku procesicaa d>j (e.i. d-s afrikatiza-
cia: xinji<xidi, RorRoji<RorRodi). afrikatizacia saerTo
movlenaa kolxursa da sxva enebSi, magram j-s dezafrikati-
zaciaa mxolod kolxurSi, gansakuTrebiT megrulSi. j-s de-
zafrikatizacia, g. rogavas dakvirvebiT, spontanuri xasiaTis
ar unda iyos, igi disimilaciis erTi saxe ariso. ìrkveva,
rom megrulSi j mJReri SiSina afrikati gadadis d bgeraSi
mxolod iseT SemTxvevebSi, roca sityvis Ziri Seicavs ro-
melsame yru afrikats C, W, c, w-s anda yru winaenismier
spirants s, S-s~.
74
megr. Cxvindi/Cxindi (<Cxv-inj-i Sdr. cxv-iri).
megr. Wandi (<Wanji `mweri~. megr. Wanji/Wandi, WanurSi
ki erTi saxea `Waji~.
megr. Wkudi (<Wkuji = qarT. Wur, v. Tofuria).
es movlena dasturdeba naTlad mimReobebSi.
megr. maCaminda (<maCaminja `mkbenara~).
urCq-endi (<urCqenji ùcodinari~).
Wyor-ind-a (<Wyor-inj-a `mwyrali~).
c-und-i (<c-unj-i `cvari~) ixmareba: sundi/sunji.
wv-and-i (<wv-anj-i `wveri~).
orcxon-d-i (<orcxon-ji `savarcxeli~).
cxen-end-i (<cxen-enj-i `cxenosani~).
moSv-anda (<mo-Sv-aja `mosveneba~. megrulSi aris ag-
reTve: mosvanja).
isindi (<is-inj-i ìs-ar-i~. amosavali zanurisa: *iso-
ji ìsari~.
sinda/sinja `siZe~.
waqvindi/waqvinji (sofelia zugdidis raionSi).
wendixa/wenjixa (<walenjixa. yifSiZiT: walenjixa<Wa-
lenjixa `Wanis cixe~, CiqobavaTi: `walen~ qvemo, e.i. `qvemo
cixe~).
Tu winamavali afrikati an spiranti mJReria, dezafri-
katizacia ar gveqneba: jinji `Ziri~. qarTuli `Zeras~ megru-
li Sesatyvisi unda iyos Semonaxuli gurulSi: jaja `Zera~
(gvari: jajaniZe...). megr. jgunjgi `sari~, megr. zojua `brZa-
neba~, `jaWvi~ da ara *daWvi1, jarwufa `mwife~, jaSqvindu
`maxrCobela xe~, jiSTi `Zveli Tovli mTaSi~.
es procesi Taviseburi Cans: 1) disimilaciur dezafri-
katizacias adgili aqvs mxolod maSin, roca disimilatori
yru bgeraa, disimilirebuli ki mJReria. Cveulebriv ki disi-
milacia xdeba, roca sityvaSi ori erTnairi bgera gvaqvs.
2) arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs adgils: disimilatori winama-
1 `daWvi~ dasturdeba samurzayanulSi _ SeniSvna r. abaSiasi.
75
vali bgeraa, disimilirebuli _ momdevno. disimilirdeba
marto j da amave rigis C, W bgerebi _ ara!
am wesiT zogjer uZvelesi fuZis aRdgena SeiZleba za-
nurSi: megr. winda `WuWyi~ Sesatyvisia qarT. wvire-si. amde-
nad, pirveli saxe megrulSi unda iyos wvi(n)ja (wv-inj-a
//qarT. wv-ir-e, sadac ir/ij afiqsebia).
dezafrikatizaciis sxva magaliTebi:
Z>z: qovziri `vnaxe~, qoziru ìpova~, oxorza/oxorZa
`qali~, buzi/buZi `ZuZu~, orzo/orZo `skami~, ¹urzeni/yurZe-
ni.
megr. nuzu/nuZu `naZvi~, neZi/nezi `nigozi~ (aTin.), bor-
zali (<boZali ìsari~), miarzu (SeaZlia), Rvezili/Rvezeli
(<RveZeli), RerZi/Rerzi `RerZi~.
aTinurSic Cq, Wk kompleqsebi disimilaciiT dezafrika-
tizacias ganicdian.
Cq>Sq: Sqimi `Cemi~, miSqu `vici~, xaSquman `Tesaven~...
Wk>Sk: oSkomale `saWmeli~, lemSkva `nerwyvi~. ix. gv.70.
substitucia:
anu bgeraTCanacvleba araa kanonzomieri fonetikuri

ganviTarebis Sedegi, igia bgeris erTbaSi, `SemTxveviTi~, spo-
raduli cvlileba enaSi. erTgvari kanonzomiereba, romelsac
adgili aqvs aseT bgeraTSecvlaSi, isaa, rom erTmaneTis Sec-
vla SeuZliaT mxolod iseT bgerebs, romlebic waagvanan er-
TmaneTs umTavresad akustikurad. amdenad, es movlena umTav-
resad akustikuria (g. axvlediani).
substituciis mraval magaliTs iZleva kolxuri. mas
adgili aqvs rogorc artikulaciurad monaTesave sityvebSi,
ise artikulaciurad gansxvavebul bgerebSi.
a) artikulaciurad monaTesave bgeraTa substitucia:
m/n: nana niSis uwves, aTin. `dedamiss uTxres~, oxoefe
niSiSe igzales `wavidnen TavianT saxlebSi~, ankaTa (<amkaTa,
àseTi~), anbe àmbavi~, megrulSi n-s Caenacvleba -m: TuTumi
(<TuTuni).
76
m/b: mJa>bJa `rZe~, omgarinu>obgarinu `tirili~, jamaya-
yi `xis bayayi~.
megr.: nabetani (<nametani), bziTi (<mziTvi).
m/v: uqvi dRa (<uqme), ùqme dRe~, megr. Rlami (<Rla-
vi), naRmeli (<naRveli).
b/v: jabri (<javri), megr. keleberi (<kelaveri `Zroxis
beWisqveSa samwvade xorci~) megr. tkvili (<tkbili).
s/S: Sqaseri/sqaseri `SuaRame~.
b) artikulaciurad gansxvavebul bgeraTa substitucia:
t/k: `neknas notanku~ (<nokanku `daukakuna~), megr.
Rvintafi/Rvinkafi `Wyvirili~, Wan. betmezi/bekmezi `tkbili
Rvino~, Wan. otpusti `Svebuleba~.
n/b: megr. anjari (<abjari).
W/R: megr. WurWuli//RurWuli `WikWiki~.
R/y: yua/Rua (aTin.), kua (viwur-arqab.) `Subli~, nisa-
Ra/nisaya `Zmis colebi erTmaneTis mimarT~.
R/k: ÁaSiRi (ящик), tapiRi (<tabiki), kapiRi `kapiki~,
eSeRi (Turq. esek Sdr. rus. ешак), fambuRi (<fambuk `bam-
ba~).
r/g: megr. dorzama/Wan. ogzafu; megr. ardeba (<agdeba),
orzoli `sagzali~, agreTve O2 niSani g>r: rxantuns, rkiT-
xu...
n/r: ginZe/girZe.
metaTezisi:
metaTezisi gansakuTrebiT axasiaTebs megruls: obri

(<orbi), orqo (<oqro), firqi (<fiqri), marTaxi (<maTraxi),
priveli (<pirveli), rJiali, rSiali (<Jriali, Sriali),
rWeli (<Wreli), ebro (<erbo), rgili/rgii (<grili), mar-
doba (<madloba), arzi (<azri), varWua (<vaWrua), rxiali
(<xriali).
Cans, gadasma ZiriTadad r bgeras mosdis, rogorc narna-
ras. gadasma xdeba sxva bgerisac:
l: bolqomi (<boqlomi).
77
n: wingi (<wigni).
v (S1 niSani): ibde oko (<vide oko) `wavide unda~, if-
CxubaT (<viCxuboT), ibZicanq (<viZicanq) `vicini~.
aqedan cxadia, rom metaTezisi mosdis narnara bgerebs.
WanurSi ufro iSviaTia metaTezisi:
kirbi (<kibiri) `rbili~, qursi (<qusli), lauzti `si-
mindi~ (<lazuti), WiqSari `WiSkari~ (<WiSkari), qra (<rqa),
surfa (<sufra), Cxviki (<Cxikvi), furqi `yvavili~ (<fuqi-
ri).
megruli xSirad srulxmovnobis dasacavad adgils ga-
daunacvlebs xmovansa da Tanxmovans erTad.
qirsiani (<qristiani), bedineri (<bednieri), berwuli
`broweuli~ (<brewouli).
reduqcia:
reduqcia kolxurs nakleb axasiaTebs. igi Tavidanve

susti unda yofiliyo kolxurSi, risi Sedegicaa srulxmov-
noba. srulxmovnoba, romelic fuZis ukumSvelobas gamoxa-
tavs, Zveli viTarebis maCvenebelia, vidre qarTulis Sekum-
Suli fuZeebi.
Sdr. qarT. Zma (jima), Tafli (Tofuri), (Se)kreba (ko-
robua) da sxva.
reduqcia sustia dasavlur kiloebSi (qarTulisa),
vidre aRmosavlurSi (a. SaniZe). am SemTxvevaSi kolxuris
gavlenas ar gamoricxaven. miuxedavad amisa, reduqcia mainc
gvaqvs kolxurSi.
megrulSi, roca rTul zmniswins win daerTvis
qo/>qi//q¸ dadasturebiTi nawilaki, maSin zmniswinis xmovnis
amoReba xdeba rTul zmniswinebTan: miTa, miTi, miTo, mila,
mile, gina, gima, mimo, mina, migo, mika, gile, gino. am zmnis-
winTa i xmovani reduqciiT gadadis ¸-Si, an Ø-Si (e.i. ikarge-
ba) yvela seriaSi. qi-mTanTxorans (<qi-miTanTxorans `SeT-
xris~), qigletu (<qigiletu) `miatova~, qimaSqu (<qimiaSqu)
78
`gamoatara~, qimkixoru (<qimikixoru) `(gverdiT) dasax-
lda~...
samurzayanulSi es procesi ufro Zlieria. samurzayane-
li megreli ambobs: Txorna `Txrian~, Warna `weren~, xonna
`xnaven~ (m. cikolia), reduqciis mizezia momdevno a (<an)
sufiqsi. samurzayanulSi reducirdeba: Wubra (<Wubura `wab-
la saqonels eZaxian~), oxakle (<oxarkale `sanayi qva~), uk-
laSi (<ukulaSi), oWmare (<oWumare) `dila~, ukaxle (<uka-
xale) ùkan~, woxle (<woxole) `win~, xumla (<xomula)
`xmeli~, masma (<masuma) `mesame~, maJra `meore~...
samurzayanulSi qarTulidan nasesxebi sityvebic redu-
cirdeba: Tavisfali/Tavisufali, xenw/cfe (xelmwife), Sob-
leba (Svebuleba), kardla (kardala), amblatoria (ambula-
toria), wiwla (wiwila), saapracio `saoperacio~. asea saku-
Tar saxelebSi: gerasme, izdore (<isidore), kirle, spirdo-
ni.
WanurSi reduqcia ufro xSiria, vidre megrulSi.
Tx<Tux: Wan. doTxu (<meg. doTuxu) `daarTo~, aTinurSia
Wubri (<Wuburi) `wabli~, wifri (<wifuri) `wifeli~, Wib-
ri/kibri `kbili~, luqna (<luquna, xof. `Taflis sanTeli~),
oxrasule (<oxorasule) `colis da~.
WanurSi Cveulebriv `Tofuri~-a `Tafli~, magram gvaqvs
`Tofri~-c: heSo ìse~, loca/loya `tkbili~, ne ÁaRi tu
àrc erbo iyo~, ne Tofri àrc Tafli~ (Ciq. II, 86,8).
a. Ciqobavas SedarebiT leqsikonSi dasaxelebuli maga-
liTebi:
qarT. rec.: kolx. rC: recva/sareceli, Sdr. rC-afa.
rC<raC. qarT. recx-va: megr. rCx-uala: rCxuns(m.), Cxifs(W.).
rCx<raCx `recxavs~.
qarT. ciqv/mociq-uli: kolx. Cqv / midaCqu.
qarT. a-zid-a: megr.-Wan. e-zd-u (Sdr. megr. e-zind-u).
Cans, WanurSi ufro xSiria reduqcia, vidre megrulSi.
bgeraTa dakargva:
79
r da l-s dakargvaze ix. gv. 55-58.
kolxurSi, qarTulis msgavsad, ikargeba v bgera: megr.
saCiari (saCivari), megr. girgini (<gvirgvini), Wan. ragi
(<ragvi) `xafangi, kakanaTi~, Wan. Cxindi (<Cxvindi) `cxviri~,
Wan. laki (<lakvi) `lekvi~, Wan. munCqi/munCxi/munWyi (<mun-
Cqvi) `maCvi~.
Wan. m-Wima, megr. Wvima (qarT. wvima).
Wan. aSi/anSi èqvsi~, Sdr. megr. amSvi. megr. tanja
(<tanjva).
megr. ianari (<ianvari), megr. coda (<codva), jari
(<javri), Wan. teteli (<titveli).
s bgeris darTva xdeba mic. brunvaSi da fuZis bolo
Tanxmovani (t, d, T, j, nj, C) ikargeba. es aRniSnuli aqvs i.
yifSiZes:
dus (<duds) `Tavs~, Wkis (<Wkids) `mWads~, Rorons
(<RoronTs) `RmerTs~, xos (<xojs) `xars~, qomons (<qo-
monjs) `qmars~, kos (<koCs) `kacs~, mes (<mets), zoTons
(<zoTonjs) `zamTars~, Res (<Rejs) `Rors~, torons
`mtreds~. s ikargeba (S3 da mic. br.) arTaSenulSi: koCi wari
SuÁ `kaci wyali svams~ (=waris Sums), mWiÁ `wvims~, ja
(=jas) favri qonCaÁ `xes foToli asxia~.
g ikargvis WanurSi: izalu (<igzalu) `wavida~, doi-
tenq (<dogitenq) `dagitoveb~.
R ikargvis: nosi (<Rnosi) `Wkua~, unose ùWkuo~, oman
(<Roman) `guSin~.
b ikargvis: saralo (<sabralo), zakali (<bzakali),
JaSxa (<bJaSxa) `kvira~.
ikargvis d, m, T: iax (<diax), dia (<dida) `deda~, mua
(<muma) `mama~, m: rgvali, Tavroba, xiaruli, Tavari, tyuani,
didari;
Tina>ina ìs~, ar dRas (arT dRas) èrT dRes~;
st>s: sumari (<stumari), dasuro (<dasturo), suden-
ti;
St>S: Seri (<Steri);
x: TeiSa (<TeiSax) `manamde, iqamde~;
80
sw>w: wori (<swori).
marcvalic ki ikargeba: sinTe (<sinaTle), Wa xans (<Wi-
Wexans) `cota xans~, We molarTi (<WiWe molarTi) `cota
wamodi~.
bgeris dakargva sityvis absolutur boloSi. es pir-
vel rigSi exeba n-s: re, xe, (ren, xen àris, zis~), rena
(<renan) àrian~, xena (<xenan) `sxedan~, magram, Tu n-s xmo-
vani daerTo, igi ar daikargeba: reno? àris?~, renano? àri-
an?~, xeno? `zis?~...
megrul warmoTqmaSi n ekargeba sakuTar saxelebs: dar-
ja (<darejan), iulo (<iulon), leva (<levan), anto (<an-
ton), samso (<samson).
gvarebis ia daboloeba miRebulia n-s dakargviT
(ian>ia): dadia (<dadiani), lipartia (<lipartiani), ratia
(<ratiani). aseve va<van: faRava, galdava (<faRavan...) (s. ja-
naSia).
Wanurs naklebad axasiaTebs n-s dakargva, magram mainc
xdeba. xofurSi n naklebad ikargeba, xolo viw.-arqabulSi
da aTinurSi metad.

man ma ma `me~
sin si si `Sen~
Cqin Cqun//Cqu Squ `Cven~
Tqvan Tqvan//Tqva Tqva `Tqven~
aseve, xofurSi daSorebiTi brunvis daboloeba ar kar-

gavs n-s (-Sen), arc moqm. br. _ Ten: fenjereSen `fanjridan~,
xinjiSen `xididan~, bajaSen `buxridan~. bigaTen dozapes
`joxiT scemes~. magram viwur-arqabulSi n ikveceba (xofur-
Sic: noRaSe `noRidan~, odaSe òTaxidan~, daCxuiTe `cec-
xliT~, CxomiTe `TevziT~).
asea naaoristal TurmeobiTTan viwur-arqabulSi: tes-
dore (tesdoren `yofilan~), Tqudoren ùTqvamT~, igzalu-
doren `wasulan~, dujoxudore `dauZaxia~.
81
megrulSi ki n sxvagan ikargeba: pirobiTi I, II-is mawar-
moebeli -kon-is n (>ko): vordiko `vyofiliyavi~, Jin (>Ji)
`zeviT~.
l-s dakargva sityvis absolutur bolos xSiria meg-
rul-WanurSi, magram sakmarisia daerTos axali xmovniT daw-
yebuli marcvali, rom l aRdges: ja/jalef-i/e `xe/xeebi~,
da/dal-ef-i/e `da/debi~, Txa / Txalefe/i `Txa/Txebi~.
aseTia sityvebi: jima `Zma~, qra/qa `rqa~, sija/sinja
`siZe~, Sqa `Sua~, tya `tye~, dida `deda~, muma `mama~, Rva
`loya~, squa `Svili~, Zga `Zgide~, Tu `goWi~, Cxou `Zroxa~,
¹a `yeli/rto~.
bgeraTa ganviTareba:
Wanurisgan gansxvavebiT, megruls midrekileba aqvs

sityvis absolutur boloSi daurTos e.w. `parazituli~
xmovani: i, ¸ an o/u. ùwu qomonç Cilq¸~ (uTxra qmars
colma), `dovRupes diode Cxuruqu do ukuli sinCxeqi~
(dagvRupa jer sicivem da mere sicxem), `gaakeTes¸~ (gaake-
Tes), `mTel sofelsi noCqve~ (mTel sofels scodnia).
o/u `parazituli~ aTinurs axasiaTebs: moiseleso àd-
gnen~, mendaxTesu `wavidnen~, mu gaRodesu `ra dagemarTaT~,
uRuno àqvs~.
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom kolxurSi qarTulTan
saerTo ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondis sityvebi, romlebSic j,
C, W, S(s), (Z) ucvleladaa warmodgenili, am bgerebTan ivi-
Tareben ukanaenismier xSulebs: g, q, k-s.
S>Sq: SqviTi (<Svidi), Sqa `Sua~, di-Sqa (Se-Sa<se-Sa),
uSquri `vaSli~, Sqirens `Sia~, aSqurinu `SeeSinda~, qanaSqu
`Cauwva~.
C>Cq: Cqin/Cqi, Cqun/Cqu `Cven~, CqiCqu (<*CiCîl<CC¼l),
u-Cq-u (ù-Cans~: misTvis Cans, Sesacnobia), munCqvi `maCvi~.
j>jg: (r)-jg-ina `j-ob-na~. jgi-jgitia (ji-n-Wv-el-a).
82
W>Wk: Wkidi, mWkudi/mWkidi (Wan.) `mWadi~, Wkomua `Wa-
ma~, Wkirua/doWkiru (`daWra~), Wkadua, `Wedva~, WkiWkitia,
dimWku (Wan.) `jin-Wv-el-a~.
g q k-s ganviTarebas imiT xsnian, rom j, C, W, S bgere-
bi kolxurSi velarizebuli unda yofiliyo. am TanxmovanTa
velaruli warmoeba safuZveli gaxda imis, rom maT Semdeg
ganviTarebuliyo ukanaenismieri xSulebi (g, q, k). erT nases-
xeb sityvaSicaa aseTi SemTxveva: koloSqi/ka»oSki `kaloSi~.
s>sq: sq-ir-i, sq-ua (Sdr. Sv-il-i), m-ze-sq-u (W.), ze-
sq-v-i `Sa-S-v-i~ sqan-i `Sen-i~, m-sqv-er-i/sqveri `Sv-el-i~.
qosqu (Sdr. `Sva~), omsqu `Svenis~.
Z>Zg: gomorZgua `gamarjoba~, marZgvani `marjvena~...
roca qarT. S, j-s Sesatyvisad kolxurSi sq, Zg-s xe-
daven, es miaCniaT meoreul movlenad (a. Ciqobava, s. JRen-
ti...), iseve, rogorc meoreulia `Sen~ nacvalsaxeli qar-
TulSio.
magram T. gamyreliZem monografiaSi `sibilantTa Sesat-
yvisobani da qarTvelur enaTa struqturis zogi sakiTxi~
(1959) gaarkvia, rom kolxuri Sq da sq, erTi mxriv, jg da
Zg (meore mxriv) kompleqsebi ivaraudeba erTi da imave fone-
mis (qarT. S da j) refleqsebad, sxvaoba maT Soris meoreu-
lia da fonetikuri garemocviTaa Sepirobebuli.
a) qarT. S, j: kolx. Sq, jg; kolxuri Sq, jg kompleq-
sTa Camoyalibeba Tavdapirvelad S, j-sagan spontanuri bune-
bisaa da araa gamowveuli kombinatoruli fonetikuri mize-
zebiT.
b) qarT. S, j: kolx. sq, Zg: sq, Zg kompleqsi kolxur-
Si Seefardeba qarTulis iseT SiSina spirantsa da xSuls (S
_ j-s), romelTac bagismieri v an î fonema mosdevs. aseT
SemTxvevaSi qarTuli S, j-s Sesatyvisi kolxuri Sq, jg mom-
devno v(î) gavleniT sisina variantSi unda gadasuliyo (gada-
vida kidec), e.i. sq, Zg-Si.
kolxurSi dasturdeba bgeraTa ganviTareba:
n (m) bgeris ganviTarebas kolxurSi specialuri weri-
li uZRvna s. JRentma. `n(//m) bgeraTa ganviTarebis safuZveli
83
megrul-WanurSi xSulmskdomTa win~ (saq. mecn. akad. moambe,
t.X, #7, 1949).
a) sityvis TavSi: lakacia àkacia~, njari `jari~, nte-
ri/teri `mteri~, bruo `rva~, ndemi `devi~, nCurua `curva~,
rzeni (<zeni) `vake~.
b) sityvis SuaSi: cxorcxali `cocxali~, vazga/vaza
ùrmis rkinis rgoli~, minwa (<miwa) `nakeli~, dimdari `mdi-
dari~, ombolo òmbalo~, maanTxa `meoTxe~, mangari `magari~,
muramba `muraba~, yambari `yavari~, xvarxvi `xaxvi~, SxaSxi
`SaSxi~, kunTxe `kuTxe~, stamfilo `stafilo~...
i Cndeba nasesxeb sityvaSi: sifiSqa (спичка), kiniazi,
nangere `wina wlis naTesis fesvidan amosuli bostneuli,
romelic ar iWmeva~, Sdr. saba: nagerali `dauTeslad mosu-
li~.
g) boloSi sityvisa viTardeba u>r: osurqr `colma~...
x viTardeba: xwori `swori~, saxwori `saswori~.
f viTardeba: fsxivi `sxivi~, fSxiri `xSiri~.
gairkva, rom n bgera viTardeba xSulebTan: b, p, f; d,
t, T; Z, w, c; j, W, C; g, k, q-sTan, sadac ganviTarebuli n
asimilaciiT m-Si gadadis.
mb(<nb): tambaCa `dambaCa~, omboli òboli~, tomba
`Rrma~, limbori ànwli~, fimfili/finbili `wveri~, ombRo-
rinu `bRavili~, kombo `kvaxi~ (Wan.), Sdr. qarT. cimbiri, ka-
xambali.
mp(<np): kumpuli ìsari~//kopuli. ampouri (qarT. apeu-
ri), umpa (qarT. upe, `Wipi~). kampari/kapri `jinjeli~, Rum-
pua/Rupua. Sdr. dialeqtebSi: sampyroble, Caylampa.
mf(<nf): ofamfe òfofi~, famfai/famfari `mamlis bo-
lo~// fanfai. fumfuli/fufuli `muwuki~, Sdr. dialeqtebSi
umfrosi, ramferi.
sxva SemTxvevaSi n aris ganviTarebuli xSulTa win:
nd: cinda `cida~, ndixa/dixa `miwa~, ndRa `dRe~ (Sdr.
ondRe `SuadRe~), imendi ìmedi~, mindali `medali~, ezindu
àiRo~, dindari `mdidari~, Sdr. qarT. wminda, xmiandi (kaxu-
ri), Wandari.
84
nT/mT: anTasi àTasi~, TanTari (megr. `TaTari~), kunTxu
`kuTxe~, unTo ùTo~, yvinTeli `yviTeli~, CinTi `CiTi~,
nTxorua `Txra~, nTxiri `Txili~, nTxa/mTxa `Txa~, mTvi-
ri/Tiri `Tovli~.
nt/mt: ontka àrayi~, dontira `dateva~, kenti `ke-
ti/joxi~, xantua `xatva~, Wan. antama àtami~, kinti-
ri/k¸nt¸ri `kitri~, Wan. mti (m-tii) `tili~, mtkuri `tyiu-
ri~, Sdr. tredi>mtredi.
nZ/mZ: nenZi/neZi, megr. mancxvari `macxovari~, Wan. dan-
Zi/daZi èkali~, bonZori `bewvi cxovelis~. Sdr. nZreva, gur.
gameRvinZa, qarT. mZviri, kax. mcali.
nc/mc: Wan. ncxeni `cxeni~, ncomi `comi~, ocnxoji `sa-
varcxeli~, oncxane/acxani `sxveni, Weri~, ncila, milincia
(Wan.), muruncxi `varskvlavi~ (Wan.), dincxiri `sisxli~,
nwaÁ/wari `Zua~, Wan. nwaneri, megr. nwola `Wvartli~, nwkva-
rami, menwyeri, mwkufi `wyvdiadi~, Sdr. mwvaleba (gur.), sim-
wynare (imer.).
nj/mj: njuma `Zma~ (Wan.), qvinje `qveda, fskeri~, njumu
`marili~ (Wan.), gonjama, lanji/Áanji `kopiti~, toronji
`mtredi~, sinja `siZe~, oxvenji `dasajdomi~, mjveSi `Zve-
li~.
nC: sinCxe `sicxe~, danCxiri/daCxiri `cecxli~, nCurum
`vcurav~, kalanCxi `kalaTa~, Wan. nCxomi `Tevzi~, nCxvari
(megr. Cxveri) `Romis mcenare~.
nW/mW: yanWi `yiWi~, WanWyua `WeWyva~, monWva `kruxi~,
Wan. mWima `wvima~, mWiTa `wiTeli~, mWife `wvrili~.
ng: mangari `magari~, mangiori `magieri~, angura àguri~,
iangee (zugdidur-samurz. _ ìgavi~). megr. dongi `mdogvi~,
Sdr. angre, moangrove (qarT.).
nq: Sanqari (megr.), nqalua/qelua `qelva~, gienqiu `xe-
tialobs~.
nk: kankvi `kakvi~, nkila `klite~ (Wan.), nunku/nuku `ni-
kapi~.
ratom viTardeba n(m) xSulTa win mxolod? ratom vi-
Tardeba n da ara sxva Tanxmovani? es TviT xSulTa bunebi-
85
Taa gamowveuli `xSul TanxmovanTa warmoTqmisas xSvis gada-
laxvis gasaadvileblad haeris nawili cxviris RruSi igzav-
neba, ris gamoc xSulTa win n(m) viTardeba~ (bogorodecki,
pankoCeli-kalcia, s. JRenti).
n(m) gaCena kolxurSi xSulTa win mSvenieri ilustra-
ciaa gardamavali bgeris mdgrad bgerad gardaqcevisa: xSul-
mskdom bgerebs imploziis momentSi (ganxSva) cxvirismieri
elferi erTvis, raTa eqsploziis (xSvis) gadalaxva gaadvil-
des. magram Semdeg cxvirismieri elferi damoukidebel dam-
dgar bgerad gvevlineba (s. JRenti).
`joRor~ tipis srulxmovani formebi megrul-WanurSi
momdinareobs orcnebiani struqturis Z,aRl0 _ tipis saer-
To qarTveluri formisagan. saerToqarTveluri srulmar-
cvlianoba Sepirobebulia [*l0] da [*r0] elementTa marcvli-
anobiT Tanxmovnis momdevno poziciaSi. swored am marcvlian-
ma [l0, r0] elementebma mogvca zanurSi bolokiduri or, ur,
ir: joRor `ZaRli~, montyor `matyli~, Tofur `Tafli~,
muntur `matyli~, Wubur `wabli~, daCxir `cecxli~, ladir
`nedli~, isir ìsli~ (es meoreuli elementebi viwro (i, u)
an saSualo Riaobis (o) xmovnebia. yvelaze farTo a da e
xmovani arasdros viTardeba.
meoreuli xmovani imeorebs Tavkiduri marcvlis xmo-
vans (ara saerToqarTvelurs, aramed zanurs: joRor, Wubur,
zisxir). es imas niSnavs, rom bolokiduri [*l0, *r0] ele-
mentebis marcvlianobis xarjze meoreuli xmovnebis ganviTa-
reba zanurSi sakmaod gviandeli movlenaa. es Semdegaa gan-
xorcielebuli, roca ukve momxdari iyo xmovanTa `zanuri
gadaweva~ (a*>o, e*>a), xolo l>r meoreuli xmovnebis gaCe-
nas uswrebda win.
srulxmovnoba
kolxuris srulxmovnoba, romelic fuZis ukumSvelobas

gamoxatavs, Zveli viTarebis maCvenebelia, xolo qarTulis
SekumSuli fuZeebi meoreulia (a. Ciqobava): Tma (Toma), sis-
86
xli (zisxiri/dicxiri), qmna (qiminua), si-ym-ili `SimSili~
(megr. ¹umeni)...
Zma (<Zaman), Wan.: juma `Zma~, megr.: jima. xmeli, megr-
Wan.: xomula `xmeli~; kreba (korobua), frinavs (megr. furi-
nuns), qmari (megr.-Wan.: qomonji), Tafli (megr.-Wan.: Tofu-
ri), Tve (TTue, megr-Wan.: TuTa), Txmela (megr-Wan.: Txomu),
Tbili (tfili, megr.: tibu, Wan.: tubu), Cvili (CC¼li), Wan.
CuCqu/CiCqu, megr.: CiCqu...
kolxuri nasesxeb sityvebSi ase iqceva _ Tanxmovnebs
Sua Casvams xmovans:
Wereli (Wan.) re `Wrelia~, Zimari (megr.)<Zmari (Sdr.
Wan. jumori),
Wyilitua (megr.) Wyleta, pilani (план), filavi (Wan.
flavi).
kolxuri xmovanTa gadasmas mimarTavs, rom TanxmovanTa
kompleqsi gaTiSos:
qirsiani (megr.) `qristiani~, berwuli (megr.), bedineri,
pilatoki (платок).
aRsaniSnavia, rom kolxurSi decesiuri kompleqsebi
xmovniT ar iTiSeba (ty, wy, Wy, fx, Tx, cx, dR, bR, ZR, jR,
tk, wk, Wk, fq, Tq, cq, Cq, bg, dg, Zg, jg).
decesiuri kompleqsebis komponentebi Tu adgils Seic-
vlian, e.i. aqcesiuri gaxdebian: megr.-Si bg decesiuria da ar
iTiSeba: ibgars. gb aqcesiuria da megr.-Wanuri ver itans:
Sdr. qarT. `gboba~ da Wan. `dogibu~.
t. gudavam werilSi `zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) srul-
xmovnobis axsnis cda~ (akademiis moambe, XI, #7, 1950) miu-
TiTa, rom megrul-Wanuri gaurbis aqcesiur kompleqsebs. ena
windawin xels uSlis axali kompleqsebis warmoqmnas. zanu-
ri sityvis fuZeSi ar axdens xmovnis reduqcias (istoriu-
lad arsebuli xmovnisa), Tu am reduqcias Sedegad mohyveba
TanxmovanTa aqcesiuri kompleqsebis Seqmna. amdenad, zanuri
srulxmovneba superaciis (=daZlevis) Taviseburi saxea aqce-
siuri kompleqsebisa.
87
amdenad, megrul-WanurSi rom gvaqvs: Toma, joRori,
juma/jima da sxva ureduqcio formebi, es imitom, rom re-
duqcia rom momxdariyo, miviRebdiT aqcesiur kompleqsebs:
Tm, Rr, jm... da sxva, rasac megrul-Wanuri saerTod gaurbis.
es axsna angariSgasawevia, magram sakiTxavia: Tu srul-
xmovnobas aqcesiur kompleqsTa superaciis saxed miviCnevT,
maSin decesiur kompleqsebTan xmovnis SenarCunebas foneti-
kurad ver avxsniT. Tu vityviT, rom reduqcias xels uSli-
da aqcesiur kompleqsTa warmoqmnis sawinaaRmdego tendencia,
maSin decesiur kompleqsebs Sua moqceuli xmovnis reduqci-
as raRa uSlida xels? decesiur kompleqsebs xom ar gaur-
bis megrul-Wanuri? ara: srulxmovnoba zanurSi SenarCunebu-
lia rogorc aqcesiur, aseve decesiur kompleqsTa SuaSi:
Wuburi, Tofuri, Txomuri... br, fr, mr kompleqsebis Seqmnas,
ra Tqma unda, ar gaurbis zanuri. maSasadame, ureduqciobis,
e.i. srulxmovnobis mizezi maxvili Cans. maxvili istoriu-
lad megrul-WanurSi susti unda yofiliyo. marcvali, ro-
melzec susti maxvili iyo, sustdeboda da ikargeboda.
Sdr. sma da Suma. Zv. qarT. sîmï>sma. magram megrulSi
maxvili u-ze iyo albaT: Sóma. qarTulSi maxvili fiqsirebu-
li ar iyo, ormarcvlian sityvas xan TavSi moudioda
(mñ½ms<mi½ams), xan boloSi (Zmï>Zamïn), maxviliT ori xmova-
nic ikargeboda: ñfqli (<ñfeqal `feq~, svan. fqvili).
fuZekumSvadoba intensiuri maxvilis uqonlobas miewe-
reba (a. Ciqobava, maxvilis sakiTxisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi:
saq. mec. ak. moambe, t.III, #2, 1942).
savaraudoa, rom susti maxvili kolxurSi upiratesad
or da metmarcvlian sityvebSi II da III marcvalze modioda
bolodan. jóma(l) `Zma~, Tòma(l) `Tma~, qòmoli `qmari, mama-
kaci~.
88
maxvili (aqcentuacia) kolxurSi
miRebulia azri, rom megrul-Wanuri srulxmovnoba

moqmedi susti maxvilis Sedegia, reducirebuli fuZeebi meo-
reulia Zlieri dinamikuri maxvilis Sedegad (a. Ciqobava).
a. Ciqobavas aRniSnuli aqvs, rom h. Suxardtma moxdeni-
lad SeniSnao maxvilTan dakavSirebiT: àxali qarTuli mog-
vagonebs zRvas Relvis Semdego. maxvilis mwvervalebi moS-
lilia, sityvis fonetikur zedapirze maxviliani da umaxvi-
lo marcvlebis sxvaoba odnavi SesamCneviRaa~.
megrul-Wanuris maxvili moZravia, susti dinamikur-mu-
sikaluri, ufro susti, vidre qarTulsa da svanurSi.
maxvilis adgili megrul-WanurSi qarTuliseburia: or-
marcvlian sityvebSi bolodan II marcvalzea, metmarcvlianeb-
Si bolodan III marcvalze. jóma/jñma `Zma~, kòCi `kaci~, kïtu
`kata~, òxori `saxli~, qòTume (qòTami), mamcódale `matyua-
ra~, mïwkindi `beWedi~, qòmoli `qmari~.
a. Ciqobavas aTinursa da arqabul teqstebSi dadastu-
rebuli aqvs tonuri maxvili, romlis adgili mtkicea, bo-
lodan II marcvalzea yovelTvis! saTanado xmovani gagrZele-
bulad gamoiTqmis, ise, rogorc es gvaqvs mTiulursa (`mand
yofñla buCukurðbi~) da xevsurulSi (`me araferi me-
yurðbis~): heq doxðdi, doxðdi muSðni? (ìq dajeqi, dajeqi
ratom?~), konqSðfe va moxTes (`mezoblebi ar movidnen~).
tonuri maxvilis naSTic araa megrulSi dadasturebu-
li. megrul-WanurSi Tandebuliani saxelebi maxvils bolo-
dan II marcvalze atareben. dul»aSðni `saqmisTvis~, Cqi-
misTði `CemsaviT~, melisTði iwkers `meliasaviT iyureba~.
xuTmarcvlian sityvebSi ori maxvilia bolodan V-ze
da III-ze: qòdolòtkoCu `Caagdo~, ïrqadïSefe àmxanagebi~,
WkñWkitñefi `WianWvelebi~.
kiTxviTi intonacia Taviseburia, kiTxviTi winadadebis
bolo sityvis bolo marcvalze xdeba tonis (xmis) aweva: mu
iqñf? `ras akeTeb?~, mu gaRodó? `ra mogivida?~
89
WanurSi kiTxviT nawilakebze, i-ze modis maxvili: si
soTi ulu-ñ? `Sen sadme midixar?~, ar giCqinñ? àr ici?~,
mire-ñ? `vin xar?~.
megrulSi kiTxviTi nawilakia o, magram kiTxviTi maxvi-
li masze ki ar modis, aramed mis winamaval marcvalze: do-
Warñ-o? `dawere?~, si Tina rðqo? `Sen is xar?~, si Wkua
vïgiRóno? `Sen Wkua ar gaqvs?~.
megr.-WanurSi maxvili sustia, magram aris SemTxvevebi
reduqciisa. am mxriv maxvili ufro Zlieri Cans WanurSi,
vidre megrulSi.
Sdr. aTin. Wubri `wabli~, Wibri (<kibiri) `kbili~,
wifri (<wifuri) `wifeli~, luqna (<luquna xof. `Taflis
sanTeli~), Tofri (<Tofuri) `Tafli~.
megr.-WanurSi reduqciaa maSin, roca qarTulSi araa:
sa-rec-el-i, megr.-Wan. rC-af-a (<*raC-af-a). qarT. recx-va,
megr. rCxuala (<raCx-uala), qarT. mo-ciq-uli, megr. minda-
Cq-u.
megruli kilokavebidan maxvili yvelaze intensiuria
samurzayanulSi: Txorna `Txrian~, Warna `weren~, xonna `xna-
ven~... uklaSi (<ukulaSi) ùmcrosi~, oWmare `dila~, woxle
`win~, maJra `meore~, masma `mesame~.
asea es nasesxeb sityvebSic: Tavisfali, xenwfe, Soblo-
ba, saapracio, izdore, kirle, wiwla, amblatoria (m. ciko-
lia).
marcvlis agebuleba
zogadad mokled SevCerdebiT marcvlis agebulebaze.

marcvali aris warmoTqmis umciresi `bunebrivi~ erTeu-
li (`bunebrivia~ imitom, rom `sa-xli~ an `sax-li~ _ ase
daSlis yvela am sityvas, enis ucodinaric ki, radgan aseTi
dayofa bunebrivia, magram bgerebad dayofa bevrs gauWirdeba:
s-a-x-l-i). ra qmnis marcvals? amaze Teoriebia.
jaxebis TeoriiT (Stromi), marcvali aris bgera an
bgeraTa jgufi, romelic warmoiTqmis haernakadis erTi
90
mTliani jaxebiT. es araa swori. TiToeuli haerjaxeba See-
satyviseba ara marcvals, aramed bgeras (calkeuls).
sonorobis TeoriiT (ziversi, iesperseni), marcvals
qmnis mocemul sityvaSi bgeraTkompleqsis yvelaze sonoruli
bgera, romlis, rogorc centris anu mwvervalis, garSemo
jgufdeba am kompleqsis danarCeni yvela bgera (`skams~ _ aq
erTi marcvalia, romlis centria a, isaa marcvlis matarebe-
li. m sonoria, magram a-sTan SedarebiT naklebi. `na/Rms~ _
aq m qmnis II marcvals, radgan is metad sonoria, vidre R
da s). am TeoriiT, marcvali aris warmoTqmis monakveTi,
romlis centrs warmoadgens nakleb sonorTa Sua moqceuli
maTze meti sonorobis mqone bgera.
es Teoria ufro misaRebia, radgan cxadi xdeba, rato-
maa, rom zog enaSi ori xmovani erT marcvals qmnis (май),
an ratomaa, rom mxolod TanxmovanTkompleqsi Seadgens mar-
cvals (влк `mgeli~ Cexurad).
fiziologiuri da funqciuri TeoriiT (abele) mar-
cvals axasiaTebs xmis aweva marcvlis centris mimarTule-
biT da Sesusteba momdevno marcvalze gadasvlis win. amde-
nad, kunTebrivi daWimuloba izrdeba yovelTvis marcvlis
centris mimarTulebiT, romelsac uwodeben marcvlis mwver-
vals. kunTobrivi daWimulobis Sesusteba mimarTulia mom-
devno axali marcvlis dawyebis sazRvramde, ris Semdeg
kvlav izrdeba kunTebrivi daWimuloba. iseTi marcvlis war-
moTqmisaTvis, romelic nakleb sonor bgeras Seicavs, saWi-
roa ufro meti kunTebrivi energiis daxarjva, vidre iseTi
kompleqsis warmoTqmisas, romlis marcvlis centrs warmo-
adgens ufro metad sonori bgera.
l. SCerbas TeoriiT, yoveli enobrivi nakadi bunebrivad
iyofa ara calkeul bgerebad, aramed marcvlebad. metyvele-
bis nakadis im monakveTs, romelic iwyeba bgeris gaZlierebiT
da mTavrdeba misi SesustebiT, ewodeba marcvali. amdenad,
marcvali artikulaciurad warmoadgens daWimulobis rkals,
romelic amave dros Seicavs xmierobis gaZlierebasa da Se-
sustebas.
91
bgeraTSeerTebis rigi mTavaria marcvlis problemaSi,
radgan Cveulebriv marcvali ar arsebobs bgeraTSeerTebis
gareSe. bgeraTa TanamimdevrebSi asxvaveben `pirveli rigis~
bgeraTSeerTebas, roca saqme gvaqvs ori bgeris SeerTebasTan
da `meore rigis~ bgeraTSeerTebas, roca sami an meti bgeris
SeerTeba xdeba. rusulSi, prof. zinderis gamoangariSebiT,
2656 bgeraTSeerTebis kombinaciaa mosalodneli, aqedan SeuZ-
lebelia 274. qarTulSi, s. JRentis gaangariSebiT, 1225
`pirveli rigis~ bgeraTSeerTebis kombinaciaa mosalodneli,
aqedan SeuZlebelia 347 kombinacia. mag.: qarTvelur enaTaT-
vis erT-erTi uCveulo kompleqsia pl (Tavkidur marcvalSi
pl mxolod nasesxeb sityvebSia: plenumi, plantacia...). pl
rom uCveuloa, Cans `lpoba~-dan. Ziri pal (dampal), aqedan
>*paloba>*ploba>lpoba. pl dialeqtebSi iSviaTadaa: `pep-
lavs, wkepli...~.
aseve uCveuloa megrul-WanurSi qm kompleqsi: megr.
saqvari (<saqmnari), uqvi (<uqmi) ùqme~, ufqvenq `vdResaswa-
ulob~.
megruli ver itans kompleqss: l+Cqamieri, Cqamieri+l,
amitom l-s r-d cvlis: mardi (<*maldi<madli), rRia
(<lRia<Rlia<iRlia), nirsi (<*nilsi<nisli), narkuli
(<nakluli)...
Tavkiduri marcvlis agebuleba: qarTulSi sityvis Tav-
Si marcvals qmnis ori, sami, oTxi da meti Tanxmovani xmo-
vanTan erTad, magram maTSi sonanti bgerac gamoereva, rac
aadvilebs aRqma-gagonebas, radgan isini marcvlis bgerovno-
bas zrdian.
frcqvna, wrTvna, brdRvna, mRvdlis, msxvreva... e.i. qar-
TulSi Tavkidur marcvalTa ageba warmoebs mzardi bgerovno-
bis principis mixedviT da marcvlis mwvervali saTanado
xmovan fonemazea.
kolxurs ki, qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, marcvlis agebi-
sas axasiaTebs srulxmovnoba: juma/jima `Zma~, korobua `kre-
fa~, Toma `Tma~, xomafa `xmoba~, Suma `sma~...
92
megrul-WanurSi SesaZloa Tavkiduri marcvali iwyebo-
des 1) harmoniuli kompleqsiT: dRa `dRe~, dirZRu `gaZRa~,
jgiri `kargi~, jRaru `JRali~, jRvaliki `Cliqi~, cxemuri
`cxemla~, Cxomi `Tevzi~, CxviCxvi `fesvi~, Wyala `wyevla~,
Wyinti `Wyinti~...
2) spiranti+xSuli: Sqa `Sua~, sqirafa `xmoba~, SqviTi
`Svidi~, Sqirituns `Srets~.
3) megrul-Wanuri gaurbis TanxmovanTa Seyras TavSi,
amitom nasesxeb sityvebSic xmovnebs svams: megr. q¸libi
(<qlibi), kirde (<klde), Wan. filavi (<flavi).
qarTulSi rom Tavkidur marcvalSi TanxmovanTa jgu-
fia, es xSirad reduqciiTaa miRebuli. a. SaniZem (`qarTuli
kiloebi mTaSi~) 1915 wels aRniSna, rom TanxmovanTa Sejgu-
feba sityvis dasawyisSi xdeba xmovanTa amaRlebis gamoo.
mTis dialeqtebSi xmovani Tavis adgilzea da amdenad, Tan-
xmovani (k g q) ar dakargulao: xevs.: girwyli, mTiuluri:
kirwyli (Zv. qarT. grwyili/krwyili, ax. qarT. >rwyili).
TuS.-fSavuri: kurko, xevs.: girko (Zv. qarT. krko, ax. qarT.
rko); xevs. CviCvili (Zv. qarT. CC¼li).
daskvna: qarTuls axasiaTebs Tavkidur marcvalSi xmov-
nis amoRebis Zlieri tendencia, xolo megr.-Wanurs (svanur-
sac) piriqiT, axasiaTebs Tavkidur marcvalTa srulxmovnoba.
halam Tavkiduri marcvlis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Se-
moitana cnebebi struqtura (daxuruli dawyeba marcvlisa)
da apertura. misi azriT, struqturuli dawyeba marcvlisa
(TanxmovniT, TanxmovanTa jgufiT, magari SemarTviT) axasia-
Tebs germanuls: ‘aber (¹aber), ‘arbeiten.
qarTveluri enebisaTvis istoriulad upiratesad dama-
xasiaTebeli unda yofiliyo sityvis struqturuli dawyeba:
mag.: ena, magram nena (Wan.), nina (megr.).
ase rom, ena (<hena), adgil (<hadgil), abano (<habano),
a. Ciqobava: idayvi (<nidayvi), iwro (<viwro), aTi, magram vi-
Ti (megr.-Wan.).
93
megrul-WanurSi qarT. sa=o: o-qoTome `saqaTme~, o-Reje
`saRore~.
n. mari fiqrobda, rom qarT. sa-s Sesatyvisad megrul-
WanurSi unda yofiliyo *So, romelic Semdeg So>¹o>o. Ci-
qobavaTi, megr.-Wan. -o<ho. asea Tu ise, ueWvelia, rom megr.-
Wan. o-s win uZRoda romeliRaca Tanxmovani.
s. JRents Tavkiduri marcvlis struqturuli dawyebis
tendenciis gamovlenad miaCnia is faqti, rom Tavkiduri xmo-
vani iqceva Tanxmovnad, Tu mas sxva xmovani an sonanti mos-
devs.
ivania>Ávania>Jvania, iakobia>*Áakobia>*Jakobia>jakobia,
iordania>Áordania>Jordania, iobava>*Áobava>*Jobava>jobava,
iare>Áare>Jare (saba).
bolokiduri marcvlis agebuleba. qarTulSi SesaZloa
sityvebis bolokiduri marcvali bolovdebodes romelime
xmovanze (a, e, i, o, u) an Tanxmovanze (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), er-
Tmarcvliani sityvebi qarTulSi SesaZloa oTx-xuT Tanxmo-
vanzec bolovdebodes: nakls, ZaRls, morgvs, ZarRvs, matyls,
vercxls, cecxls...
sityvis boloSi TanxmovanTa dajgufeba gansakuTrebiT
axasiaTebs svanurs: zisx `sisxli~, WiSx `fexi~, îisgî `vaS-
li~, m¸rSk `WianWvela~ (amas umlauts miaweren da reduqci-
as).
megrul-Wanurs gansxvavebuli adgili uWiravs am Sem-
TxvevaSi. kolxuri, qarTulisa da svanurisgan gansxvavebiT,
gaurbis bolokidur marcvalSi TanxmovanTa dajgufebas. ami-
tom umravles SemTxvevaSi kolxurSi sityvebi romelime
xmovanze bolovdeba.
a: baba `mama~, mafa `mefe~, Toma `Tma~, TuTa `mTvare~,
leta `talaxi~, nusa/nisa `qali, rZali~, jima/juma `Zma~.
e: bere `bavSvi~, kuCxe `fexi~, qoTume `qaTami~, yoyore
`kvaxi~, sinCxe `sicxe~, mayare `mayari~.
i: arguni `culi~, Toli `Tvali~, kiTi `TiTi~, xoji
`xari~...
94
o: bozo `qaliSvili~, orZo `skami~, fenwo `lokokina~,
oTxo òTxi~, ovro `rva~, mwko `wyavi~...
u: katu `kata~, msqibu `qva (wisqvilis)~, mJvabu/jvabu
`gombeSo~, nuku/n¸k¸ `nikapi~..
megrul-WanurSi bolokiduri marcvali erTi an ori
TanxmovniT SeiZleba bolovdebodes mxolod maSin, Tu fuZi-
seuli da afiqsiseuli Tanxmovnebi erTad Seiyrebian: koCq
`kacma~, xoCq `xarma~, vkvaTunq `vWri~, vxantunq `vxatav~, in-
gars `tiris~...
bolokidur marcvalSi rom Tanxmovnebi ar Sejgufdes,
amis gamoa, rom megrulSi mic. brunvis -s niSnis win ikarge-
ba fuZiseuli xSulebi: d, t, T, j, C: du-s (<dud-s) `Tavs~,
be-s (<bed-s) `beds~, mar-s (<mard-s) `madls~, xo-s (<xoj-s)
`xars~, qomon-s (<qomonj-s) `qmars~, koCi>ko-s (<koC-s)
`kacs~, me-s (<met-s) `mets~, Rorons (<RoronT-s) `RmerTs~.
araTavkidur marcvalTa agebuleba: qarTulSi araadekva-
turi marcvlebi ZiriTadad imave TanxmovnebiT iwyeba, rogo-
riTac Tavkiduri marcvlebi. amitom araTavkidur marcvleb-
sac aRmavali bgerovnoba axasiaTebs (ga-bzar-va, aR-gzne-ba,
ga-mo-krTo-ma, da-njRre-va...)
megrul-WanurSi araTavkidur marcvalSi TanxmovanTa
xvedriTi wona metia, marcvali SeiZleba iwyebodes erTi,
ori, sami da zogjer meti TanxmovniTac. xSiria aseT Sem-
TxvevaSi harmoniuli kompleqsebi da sonantebi. bur-dRi-ni
`burdRuni~, ber-jRe-li `Rnavili (tirili)~, o-dgi-Si `sad-
gisi~, er-cqe-mi `jixvi~, var-Cxi-li `vercxli~, go-mo-rZgu-a
`gamarjveba~, o-rtya-fu `sartyeli~, fu-cxo-li `fusfusi~,
di-ncxi-ri `sisxli~, o-cxo-ji `savarcxeli~, xe-nwke-li
`salaTa~, e-la-mcqveri `ganebivrebuli~, o-Skvi-du `kudabzi-
ka~.
95
bgeraTa Sesatyvisoba kolxursa da
qarTulSi
dRemde, rac ki enaSi mtkice enaTmecnierul monapovrad

iTvleba, mopovebulia istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis momar-
jvebiT. es meTodi metad marjvea monaTesave enaTa uZvelesi
struqturis dasadgenad. monaTesave enebi garkveul kanonzo-
mierebas gviCveneben fonetikaSi, garkveuli Sesatyvisoba aqvT
bgeraTa sistemaSi. asea zanursa (kolxursa) da qarTuls
Soris. bgeraTa Sesatyvisobis sakiTxSi megruli da Wanuri
savsebiT emTxvevian erTmaneTs qarTulTan mimarTebiT. esaa
mTavari argumenti imisa, rom isini calke enebad ar miiCneva.
pirvelad bgeraTa Sesatyvisobani megrulsa (amiT ki Wa-
nursac!) da qarTuls Soris daadgina al. cagarelma. Semdeg
n. marma daazusta. am sakiTxze sagangebo Sromebi aqvs a. Ci-
qobavas, a. SaniZes, v. Tofurias da sxv.
a. Ciqobava `Wanur-megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi leqsi-
konis~ (1938) SesavalSi vrclad Cerdeba monaTesave enaTa
Sedarebis principze. aRniSnulia, rom:
1) Sesadarebeli movlenebi an unda warmogvidgendnen
ganviTarebis erTsa da imave safexurs, an unda iqnen dayvani-
li erT safexuramdis (es ise saWiroa, rogorc gaerTmniSvne-
lianeba wiladebis Sekreba-gamravlebisas), e.i. unda vicodeT
Sesadarebel movlenaTa istoria (mag. qarT. `xe~-s mniSvne-
lobiT megrul-WanurSi aris ja. magram maTi Sedareba ar Se-
iZleba, ja-s Sesatyvisia Zv. qarT. Zel, `xe ~ Zeli~).
2) Sedareba ar SeiZleba, Tu sxvadasxva Ziria, ar SeiZ-
leba SevadaroT: miwa//dixa, saxli//¹ude, Tavi//dudi.
3) Sedareba ar SeiZleba, Tu savsebiT erTnairi fuZee-
bia, mag.: qarTul-megrul-Wanuri: cxeni, kvercxi, xuTi, Txa.
4) Sedareba SeiZleba, Tu erTi da imave masalis kanon-
zomieri diferenciaciaa mocemuli. aq ramdenime SemTxvevaa:
a) mTeli fuZe-Ziric da afiqsebic kanonzomier Sesat-
yvisobas gvaZleven: ded-al/dad-ul, kac-is/koC-iS.
96
b) Ziri iZleva Sesatyvisobas, afiqsebi _ ara: xari/xo-
ji, Zmas/jumas, magram: kac-ma/koC-q, ari-s/ore-n (aq funqciu-
ri Sesatyvisobaa. afiqsTa sxvaoba gamowveulia maTi sxvadas-
xva warmoSobiT. moTxrobiTi br.-is -ma modis man nacvalsaxe-
lidan, xolo megr.-Wan. q ukavSirdeba g-s: e-g-e, i-g-i (Sdr.:
aq<haq, i-q<hi-q).
g) Ziri ar iZleva Sesatyvisobas, afiqsebi _ ki. miw-
is/dixa-Si, saxleb-is/¹udef-iS...
5) SesaZloa kanonzomieri Sesatyvisobis gziT miRebul-
ma masalam Sesadarebel enebSi icvalos aRnagoba ukve am ena-
Ta ganviTarebis procesSi (Zma/juma-jima, orivegan cvlile-
baa: Zma<Zaman), juma/jima (<jomal).
6) SesaZloa kanonzomieri Sesatyvisobis gziT miRebul-
ma masalam Sesadarebel enebSi icvalos ara aRnagoba, aramed
mniSvneloba, mag. qarT. Zil-s Seesatyviseba megr. jir: `din-
jir-u~ dawva, e.i. qarTulSi Zils aRniSnavs, megrulSi _
wolas.
megr.-Wan. ja-s `xes~ Sesatyvisia Zel, romelic zoga-
dad ar udris xes.
xuces-s Seesatyviseba megr. uCaS ùfrosi~ (mniSvnelo-
bam qarTulSi ganicada cvlileba).
Rame-s Seesatyviseba Wan. Roma (megr.: Ruma) `Roma~-gu-
Sin, `Ruma~-wuxel (mniSvneloba icvleba megr.-WanurSi).
dRes zanursa da qarTuls Soris dadgenilia bgeraTa
Semdegi Sesatyvisoba:
qarTuli: Z w c z s e a (i) j W C S (r) (l)

Sq/sq
zanuri: j W C J S a o (e) jg Wk Cq/Ck (j) (r)
Sk/sk
Z : j: ZaR-l-i/joR-or-i; Zv-el-i/jv-eS-i (Wan. mjveSi),

Zmari/jumori (Wan.), Zma/juma/jima, Zv-al//ji-ju (=di-ju)
Sdr. gur. jijgvi `Zvalmsxvili~, Zera/jaja (guriaSi, gvari:
jajaniZe), Zax-eba/o-jox-u.
w : W: wiTeli/WiTa/mWiTa; wyrTa/WyirTa/WyiTa; wabli/
Wuburi, anw-l-i/inW-ir-i (Wan.), inWiria (megr.), miwvdoma/men-
97
Wafa, wvima/Wvima/mWima; wamali/Wami, mweri/Wanji, mwyeri/Wyo-
ri, wyevla/Wyala.
c : C: kaci/koCi; cremli/Cilamuri, micema/meCama, x-u-c-
es-i/u-C-aSi, cxviri/Cxvindi, cxra/Cxoro, cxeli/Cxe, coli/Ci-
li.
z : J: ze-da/Ji (megr.-Wan.); mze/mJ-or-a(Wan.)/bJa(megr.)/
svan. miJ.
s : S: asi/oSi; svani/Soni; suma/Suma; sv-el/Suel/Sv-
il//Sol: doSolafan (Wan.) `daasveleben~, eqvsi/amSvi/anSi,
suli/Suri, sadgisi/odgiSi.
e : a: erTi/arTi, eqvsi/amSvi/anSi; Zel-i/ja(l), me/ma,
mweri/Wanji. siZe/sinja, mze/bJa, marjve-d/morZgva-T.
a : o: asi/oSi, ZaRli/joRori, tba (taba)/toba/toba-
varCxli `tbavercxla~. Kkaci / koCi, qaTami / qoTomi, xari /
xoji, vaci / oCi.
(i) : (e): sax. br. niSani qarT. i (kaci, qali, bavSvi)
Wan. berefe `bavSvebi~, koCefe `katebi~, qaTami/qoTume, fe-
xi/kuCxe.
qarTulSi arsebul SiSina S-s da afrikatebs j W C-s
megrul-WanurSi Seesatyviseba orwevriani TanxmovanTkompleq-
si: SiSina spiranti (S) da afrikati (j W C) + ukanaenismie-
ri xSuli (g k q):
j : jg: j-ob-n-a/r-jg-in-a, ji-nWv-el-a/jgi-jgi-ti-a.
W : Wk: Wed-v-a/Wkad-u-a, Wams/Wkomuns, War/Wer `Wris~/
Wkirua, doWkoru.
C : Cq: Cemi/Cqimi; CC¼li (*CiCîil)//CqiCqu/CuCqu (Wan.),
Cans/rCqu, maCvi/munCqvi.
S : Sq: Svidi/SqviTi; S-i-a/Sq-ir-en-s; vaSli/uSquri,
Sua/Sqa, ga-Sv-eb-a/me-Squ-mala; mo-a-ST-o/da-Sqvid-u; la-
Si/leSqi (Wan.), leCqvi (megr.), Sineba/Squrini, Se-Sa/di-Sqa.
zanuris (kolxuris) ukanaenismierebi am kompleqsebSi
Semdgom aris ganviTarebuli. fiqroben, rom j, W, C, S bgere-
bi kolxurSi velarizebuli iyo da ara palataluri. isini
dResac magari Tanxmovnebia megrul-WanurSi. am TanxmovanTa
98
velaruli warmoeba gaxda safuZveli imisa, rom maT Semdgom
ganviTarebuliyo ukanaenismieri xSulebi (s. JRenti).
sxva saxis TanxmovanTSesatyvisobidan arasistemebr aR-
saniSnavia Semdegi:
(r) : (j): i-s win: xari/xoji, furi/fuji, yuri/ ¹uji,
mxari/xuji/fxuji, Ziri/jinji.
(l) : (r): i/u viwro xmovnebis Semdeg (sonantebis win):
guli/guri, suli/Suri, fqvili/qviri/mqii, vaSli/uSquri,
Tafli/Tofuri... (a da e xmovnis Semdeg l>l: mamali, bali,
Tuali, msxali, yveli, saWmeli, yeli, gamonaklisia: gveli,
mgeli).
(g) : (r): sagzali/orzoli, dagzeba/dorzama, dagzels/
dorzans.
am ukanasknel Sesatyvisobas g. rogavam specialuri we-
rili uZRvna: `qarTvelur enaTa bgeraTSesatyvisobidan, megr.
r.: qarT. g (saq. mecn. ak. moambe X, Ab 8, 1949) da daamtki-
ca, rom megrul-WanurSi g-s nacvlad r-s xmareba aqcesiuri
kompleqsis daZlevis kanonis safuZvelzea damyarebuli. mer-
dinafu (<megdinafu) `dagkargvia~, rTxulens (<gTxulens)
`gTxovs~, rCans (<gCans) `gaWmevs~, rjviduns (<gjviduns)
`gkocnis~... Cans, rom g>r, radgan g rom darCeniliyo, aqce-
siuri kompleqsebi Cndeboda: gd, gT, gC, gj... aseT kompleqss
ki zanuri gaurbis.
rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, megrul-Wanurs `SiSina~
gabgereba axasiaTebs, qarTuls _ `sisina~. am SesatyvisobaSi
bgeraTa qarTuli wyeba sisinaa, megrul-Wanurisa _ SiSina. es
akustikuri STabeWdilebis mixedviT. artikulaciis mixedviT
ki am or wyebas Soris Semdegi sxvaobaa: Z, w, c, z, s warmo-
ebisas enis wveri monawileobs, xolo j, W, C, J, S warmoebi-
sas _ wina enis zurgi, e.i. diferenciacia am TanxmovnebSi ga-
mouwvevia artikulaciis cvlas, wina enis zurgis amoqmedebas
enis wveris nacvlad. warmoebis ukan gadaweva _ enis monawi-
leobis mixedviT rom vimsjeloT _ esaa is safuZveli, ro-
melmac gansazRvra megrul-Wanuris `SiSini~ qarTulis `sisi-
nis~ nacvlad (a. Ciqobava).
99
ra gamoiwvia es cvlileba? ucnobia. spontanuria. ra-
tom qarTulSi ar moxda TanxmovanTa warmoebis gadaweva?
principulad qarTulsac SeeZlo `sisini~ Seecvala `SiSi-
niT~, magram es ar momxdara.
am mxriv sainteresoa Sen/si nacvalsaxelebis mimarTeba.
`Sen~ aRmoaCnda `sisina~ wris enas, `si~ ki _ `SiSina~ wri-
sas. rogor? `Sen~ qarTulSi zanuridan Sevida, xolo `si~
zanurSi qarTulidan? ara. a. Ciqobava fiqrobs, rom Sen qar-
Tulsave niadagzea miRebuli se-n/(si-n)-isagan. si-n/se-n-Si
n/na determinantia, amdenad, si II piris nacvalsaxeli gamo-
dis qarTulsa, megrul-Wanursa da svanurisaTvis, e.i. qarTve-
luri enebisaTvis. qarTulSi es s Semdeg Secvlila S-Ti
(Sena, Seni...), aseve Seni/sqani. aq S miRebulia s-sagan, s dau-
cavs megrul-Wanurs da q ganviTarebia.
T. gamyreliZe ki sul sxva axsnas iZleva SromaSi `si-
bilantTa Sesatyvisobani da qarTvelur enaTa struqturis
zogi sakiTxi~, 1959.
ratom aqvs S da j-s zanursa da svanurSi orgvari Se-
satyvisi? ratom gvaqvs, erTi mxriv, S _ Sq/Sg, j _ jg, xo-
lo, meore mxriv, S _ sq/sg, j _ Zg (Sveli _ msqveri; mar-
jvena _ marZgvani).
Tu arsebuli axsnidan amovalT, rom S _ sq/sg Sefar-
debaSi pirveladia sq/sg (<*s), maSin unda davuSvaT, rom
qarTulSi, romelic sisina wris enaa, es sisina (s) spiranti
Sesatyvis SiSinaSi gadavida, maSin, roca zanursa da svanur-
Si, romlebic SiSina wris enebia, amave fonemas ar moucia
SiSina refleqsi. Tu amas davuSvebdiT, unda gvevarauda, rom
arsebobda s-sgan (im s-sgan, romelic zanursa da svanurSi S-
s iZleva) gansxvavebuli (fonologiurad) meore sisina spi-
ranti, romelsac qarTulSi unda moeca S da zanurSi sq, sk,
sg. e.i. S<(*s)>sq/sg. magram aseTi gadasvlisaTvis fonetiku-
ri pirobebi ar arsebobs: a) amgvari S qarTulSi (TiTqos s-
gan momdinare) gvxvdeba iseTsave fonetikur garemocvaSi,
rogorSic is s spiranti, romelsac zanursa da svanurSi S
fonema Seefardeba. b) ratom ganiviTara amgvarma postulire-
100
bulma (*s) spirantma ukanaenismieri xSuli (k, g)? sq/sg kom-
pleqsi zanur-svanurSi iseT fonetikur garemocvaSi gvxvde-
ba, romelic qarTul s fonemis Sesatyvisad arsebul SiSina
(S) spirantisTvis dasturdeba rig formebSi.
g) gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia is garemoeba, rom
zanursa da svanurSi ar arsebobs pirveladi sq/sg kompleqsi,
romlis Sesatyvisad qarTulSi s spiranti iyos warmodgeni-
li. sq/sg dasturdeba mxolod maSin, Tu mis Sesatyvisad
qarTulSi S spiranti gvaqvs. es garemoeba gadamwyvetia. cxa-
di xdeba, rom Sq/Sg da sq/sg kompleqsebi orive erT sib-
rtyeze dgas da orive Tavdapirveli SiSina (S) spirantis
kanonzomieri refleqsia.
S-s distribuciuli analizi gvarwmunebs, rom Sq/Sg
kompleqsis Camoyalibeba Tavdapirveli SiSina (*S) fonemisa-
gan spontanuri bunebisaa. magram sxvagvaradaa sq/sg kompleq-
sebTan saqme: sq/sg Seefardeba qarTulSi iseT SiSina (S) spi-
rants, romelsac bagismieri v an î fonema mosdevs. igive iT-
qmis j fonemaze, romelic iZleva Zg/sg kompleqsebs:
qarT. Sv/î _ zan. sqv _ svan. sgî
Su-enis, Wan. megomsqu, m-sqva, svan. x-e-sgî-î `Svenis~
Sv-eli, Wan. m-sqv-eri, megr. sqveri.
Sa-S-vi (<sa-S-v-i, Zv. qarT. SaSu) Wan. m-ze-sq-u, megr.
zesqvi.
Sv-il-i, megr.-Wan. sq-ir-i (<sqviri).
qarT. ju _ zan. Zgv _ svan. sgu
mar-ju-en-e, megr. mar-Zgv-ani, svan. le-rsgî-en
jv `gareT gasvla~, megr. Zgv, Sdr. svan. la-sg-ar `sa-
pirfareSo~.
101
xmovanTa Sesatyvisoba zanuris kilokavebSi:
zanuris kilokavebSi SeiniSneba rig SemTxvevaSi u-sa da
i-s, agreTve o-sa da i-s Sesatyvisoba. aseTi u-s i zugdi-
dur-samurzayanulSi ¸-Si gadadis.
viwur-arqabuli, aTinuri u = xofuri, senakuri i =
zugdidur-samurzayanuli ¸-s.
viwur-arqabul-aTinuri xofuri, senakuri zugdidur-samurzayanuli
daCxuri daCxiri daCx¸ri `cecxli~
Wkudi Wkidi Wk¸di `mWadi~
dozumu dozimu doz¸mu `gazoma~
Jur-i xof.(Jur), senak.Jiri J¸ri òri~
viwur-arqabuli, aTinuri o = xofuri, senakuri i = zugdi-

dur-samurzayanuli ¸:
viwur-arqabuli, xofuri, zugdidur-samurzaya-
aTinuri senakuri nuli
korza `kovzi, cicxvi~ kirza k¸rza
oWkoru/oSkoru(aTin.) `Wra~ oWkiru oWk¸ru
qomoli `qmari~ qimoli (xof.) q¸moli
u/o : i SesatyvisobaSi pirveladia u/o. i Semdegaa miRebu-

li, xolo es i>¸, e.i. u/o>i>¸. g. rogava ki sxva axsnas iZ-
leva. misi azriT, bgeraTa aseTi Sesatyvisoba Sedegia zanu-
ris xofur, senakur, zugdidur-samurzayanul kilokavebSi
garkveul poziciebSi ukanaenismieri u xmovnis iracionaluri
¸ xmovanSi gadasvlisa. xofursa da senakurSi ¸-s Senacvlebia
ZiriTadi xmovani i, e.i. u/o>¸>i. u/o-s Secvla iracionaluri
¸ xmovniT zanuris garkveul kilokavebSi zogadi xasiaTis
fonetikuri procesia. igi gamowveulia u/o-s warmoebisTvis
saWiro bgerebisa da enis aqtiurobis modunebiT. ra proce-
sebSi gadadis u/o ¸-Si? _ Tu aseT u/o-s win uZRvis rome-
lime aralabialuri Tanxmovani (g, q, k, R, x, z, s...) da uka-
via interkonsonanturi pozicia: guruni>g¸r¸ni `viri~, Wku-
di>Wk¸di `mWadi~...
102
zugdidur-samurzayanulSi u>¸ iZleva afiqsebTanac da
Ria poziciaSic: rguns>rg¸ns `rgavs~, gorCxu>gorCx¸ `ga-
recxa~, baRu>baR¸ `beReli~.
sxva SemTxvevaSi u/o xmovani ucvleli rCeba zanuris
kiloebSi:
1) sityvis dasawyisSi: uCa `Savi~, ukumela ùkuni~,
uRu àqvs~, unCaSi ùfrosi~, ukuli `kvlav (mere)~...
2) xmovnis win: jua `Zu~, qua `qva~, onjua `saRamo~,
ruo `rva~, squa `Svili~...
3) wyvilbagismier xSulebis Semdeg (b, f, p, g): buli
`bali~, burWuli `waldi~, fuji `furi~, furceli `foTo-
li~, furinua `frena~, puxa `kuziani~, putoni `putva~, gu
`hgavs~, munCqvi `maCvi~.
4) u xmovani ar gadadis ¸-Si arc zugdidur-samurzaya-
nulSi, roca mas win uZRvis romelime labializebuli kom-
pleqsi: Tanxm.+v: gv, qv, kv, Rv, xv, jv, Cv, Wv, Zv, cv, wv, Jv,
Sv, dv, Tv, tv.
Zv. qarTulSi aseTi kompleqsebis labialuri momenti î-
Ti aRiniSneboda.
zanurSi zogjer es labializebuli elementi v ikarge-
ba, xolo u ucvleli rCeba (sufiqsiseuli):
Wuns < Wvuns, uWu < uWvu (Sed. doWvi. Zv. qarT. wuavs).
rxuns (<rxvuns), urxu<urxvu (Sed. Zv. qarT. ½ureli).
squns (<sqvuns) `kravs, naskvavs~...
Suns (<Svuns) `svams~...
103
morfologia
arsebiTi saxelis brunvebi da bruneba
kolxurSi yvela is brunva gvaqvs, rac qarTulSia, wo-

debiTis gamoklebiT. wodebiTi brunva kolxurSi araa, mis
funqcias saxelobiTi brunva asrulebs (aseT SemTxvevaSi sa-
xels xSirad Sorisdebuli bgera o, vo uZRvis win: vo, pet-
re, koCi//o, koCi... `kaco~). samagierod, megrulsa da WanurSi
qarTulTan SedarebiT metia: daSorebiTi (koCiSe/koCiSe(n)
Wan.) da mimarTulebiTi (koCiSa). mxolod megrulSia daniS-
nulebiTi (koCiSoT), gardaqceviTi (koCo `kacad~, baRanaT
`balRad~, mayareT `mayrad~). ase rom, WanurSi 7 brunvaa,
megrulSi _ 9 brunva. bruneba erTia megrulsa da WanurSi.
brunvis niSnebi:
megruli Wanuri
1. saxelobiTi i e/i
2. moTxrobiTi q q
3. micemiTi s s
4. naTesaobiTi S(i) S(i)
5. mimarTulebiTi Sa Sa
6. daSorebiTi Se Se(n)
7. moqmedebiTi T(i) Te(n)
8. daniSnulebiTi iS-oT _
9. gardaqceviTi o/T _
fuZeTanxmovanian saxelTa bruneba: koC-i `kaci~, dud-i `Ta-

vi~, fuj-i `furi~, gur-i `guli~.
104
megruli Wanuri
sax. koC-i, dud-i, fuj-i, gur-i koC-i, dud-i, fuj-i,
gur-i
moTxr. koC-q, dud-q, fuj-i-q, koC-i-q, dud-i-q, fuj-i-q,
gur-q gur-i-q
mic. ko-s, du-s, fuj-i-s, koC-i-s, dud-i-s,
gur-s fuj-i-s, gur-i-s
naT. koC-i-S(i), dud-i-S(i), koC-i-S(i), dud-i-S(i),
fuj-i-S(i), gur-i-S(i) fuj-i-S(i)...
mimarT. koC-i-S-a, dud-i-Sa, koC-i-Sa, dud-i-Sa,
fuj-i-Sa, gur-iS-a fuj-i-Sa...
daSor. koC-i-Se, dud-i-Se, koC-i-Se(n), dud-i-Se(n),
fuj-i-Se, gur-i-Se fuj-i-Se(n)...
moqm. koC-i-T(i), dud-i-T(i), koC-i-Te(n), dud-i-Te(n),
fuj-i-T(i)... fuj-i-Te(n)...
daniSn. koC-i-S-oT, dud-i-S-oT... _
gardaqc. koC-o, dud-o, fuj-o, _
gur-o
mravlobiTi ricxvi
megruli Wanuri
sax. koC-ef-i, fuj-ef-i... koC-ef-e, fuj-ef-e...
moTxr. koC-en-q, fuj-en-q.../ koC-ef-e-q, fuj-ef-e-q...
koC-ef-q, fuj-ef-q...
mic. koC-en-s, fuj-en-s.../koC- koC-ef-e-s, fuj-ef-e-s...
ef-s, fuj-ef-s...
naT. koC-ef-iS(i), fuj-ef-iS-i... koC-ef-e-S(i),
fuj-ef-e-S(i)...
mimarT. koC-ef-i-Sa, fuj-ef-i-Sa... koC-ef-e-Sa, fuj-ef-e-Sa...
daSor. koC-ef-i-Se, fuj-ef-i-Se... koC-ef-e-Se(n),
fuj-ef-e-Se(n)...
moqm. koC-ef-i-T(i), koC-ef-e-Te(n),
fuj-ef-i-T(i)... fuj-ef-e-Te(n)...
daniSn. koC-ef-i-S-oT, _
fuj-ef-i-S-oT...
gardaqc. koC-ef-o, fuj-ef-o _
105
fuZeTanxmovanianTa damaxasiaTebeli isaa, rom:
1) WanurSi sax. brunvis i niSani gadahyveba yvela brun-
vaSi, TiTqos i bolokiduriani saxeli iyos. megrulSi ki
aseTi ram iSviaTia (!) moTxrobiTsa da micemiTSi. (Sesaswav-
lia, megrulSi i gadahyveba Tu aqac kompleqsis Seqmnis sa-
SiSroebaa: ZRab-i-s (gogos) (ZRab-s araa), Tof-i-s (araa
Tof-s)..
2) mravlobiT ricxvSi (-ef) sufiqsi ucvleladaa war-
modgenili, maSin, roca xmovanfuZianebTan e-s kargavs Wanur-
Si (katu-f-e `katebi~, orZo-f-e `skamebi~, bucxa-f-e `frCxi-
lebi~. e. i. a, o, u, e-ze daboloebul saxelebSi), megrulSi
-ef sruladaa am SemTxvevaSi Senaxuli (bircxefi `frCxile-
bi~, kotoefi `qoTnebi~, katuefi `katebi~).
3) megrulSi mravlobiTi ricxvis -ef niSani moTxro-
biTsa da micemiTSi iqceva -en-ad (senakurSi ufro) an -em-ad
(em/ef _ ufro zugdidur-samurzayanulSi).
4) megrulSi mic. brunvis -s niSnis win fuZis bolo
Tanxmovnebi ikargeba. esenia d, t, T, j, C. (e.i. kompleqsis
autanloba ufro mic.-is -s-sTan Tu -s spirantobis gamoa?).
me-s (<met-s), du-s (<dud-s) `Tavs~, mar-s (<mard-s)
`madls~, Roron-s (<RoronT-s) `RmerTs~, xojs>xo-s `xars~,
koCs>kos `kacs~.
aseve, poziciuri cvliT fuZis bolokiduri -l mic.
brunvaSi r-d iqceva: buli _ burs `bals~, Toli _ Tors
`Tvals~, burWuli _ burWurs `walds~, kudeli _ kuders
`kuds~, dudeli _ duders `TavTavs~...
5) mravlobiTi ricxvis saxelobiTSi Wanurma yvelgan
Seinaxa saxelobiTi brunvis zanuri niSani e, maSin, roca
mxolobiTSi misi adgili daiWira qarTulma i-m. megrulma ki
zanuri niSani e mxolobiTSic dakarga da mravlobiTSic. es
e i-s msgavsad saxelobiTidan yvela brunvas gadahyveba.
6) megrulis zugdidur-samurzayanul kilokavSi mice-
miTis s Secvlilia c-Ti: koc `kacs~, duc `Tavs~, xoc
(<xojs) `xars~, Cxomc `Tavzs~...
106
fuZexmovnian saxelTa bruneba: megrul-WanurSi xmovan-
ze daboloebuli saxelebi sxvanairad ibrunvis.
a: Toma `Tma~, biga `joxi~, diSqa `SeSa~, juma/jima
`Zma~, nusa/nisa `rZali~, atama àtami~, bircxa `frCxili~...
e: bere `bavSvi~, kuCxe `fexi~, qoTume `qaTami~, ontule
`bostani~, ginZe `grZeli~, megr.: mayare `mayari~, WiWe `pata-
ra~, Reje `Rori~...
o: orZo `skami~, fenwo `lokokina~, Cxoro `cxra~, ov-
ro `rva~, bozo `qaliSvili~, koto `qoTani~...
u: katu `kata~, CiCqu `Cvili~, Jvabu /mjvabu `gombeSo~,
Rumu `Romi~, nuku `nikapi~, oWaru `wera (Wan.)~, okvaTu
`Wra (Wan.)~...
megruli Wanuri
`Tma~, `kata~, `qoTani~, `Tma~, `kata~, `skami~,
`saxli~ `bavSvi~
sax. Toma, katu, koto, ¹ude Toma, katu, orZo, bere
moTxr. Toma-q, katu-q, koto-q, Toma-q, katu-q, orZo-q,
¹ude-q bere-q
mic. Toma-s(i), katus(i), Toma-s, katu-s, orZo-s,
koto-s(i), ¹ude-s(i) bere-s
naT. Toma-S(i), katu-S(i), Toma-S(i), katu-S(i),
koto-S(i), ¹ude-S(i) orZo-S(i), bere-S(i)
mimarT. Toma-Sa, katu-Sa, koto-Sa, Toma-Sa, katu-Sa, orZo-Sa,
¹ude-Sa bere-Sa
daSor. Toma-Se, katu-Se, koto-Se, Toma-Se(n), katu-Se(n),
¹ude-Se orZo-Se(n)...
moqm. Toma-T(i), katu-T(i), Toma-Te(n), katu-Te(n),
koto-T(i), ¹ude-T(i) orZo-Te(n)...
daniSn. Toma-S-o(T), katu-S-o(T)... _
gardaqc. Toma-T, katu-T, koto-T, _
¹ude-T
1) mravlobiT ricxvSi a, u, o-ze fuZegaTavebuli saxe-

lebi WanurSi mravlobiTi ricxvis ef-is e-s kargaven: Toma-
f-e, Tomaf-e-q, katu-f-e, katu-f-e-q; orZo-f-e, orZo-f-e-q.
107
megrulSi ase araa: katu-ef-i, koto-ef-i, ¹ude-ef-i, Tom-ef-i
(<Toma-ef-i).
e-ze daboloebuli saxelebi (berefe, kuCxefe) a. Ciqo-
bavaTi: ber-ef-e, kuCx-ef-e, e.i. fuZis bolo e aris mokveci-
li. magram: mamcudale-f-e `matyuarebi~, onCamure-f-e `sacex-
vel-eb-i~, aq mravlobiTi ricxvis e-a mokvecili.
2) saxelobiTi brunvis niSani WanurSi mxolobiT ric-
xvSi Cveulebriv i aris, rogorc es qarTulsa da megrul-
Sia, magram Senaxulia qarTuli i-s zanuri Sesatyvisi e: ber-
e `bavSvi~, kuCx-e `fexi~, qoTum-e `qaTami~...
am saxelebSi -e saxelobiTi brunvis niSania da ara fu-
Zis daboloeba. WanurSi e-ze fuZegaTavebuli saxelebi ise
ar moipoveba, rogorc i-ze gaTavebuli saxelebi qarTulSi
(nawarmoeb saxelebSi e mawarmoebelia: mamcudale, onCamure,
nopiwkale `cecxlis winwklebi~). nasesxebSi ki e fuZiseu-
lia: dekike, meÁve, mezare `saflavi~. WanurSi pirveladi sa-
xelebic bolovdeba, albaT, e-ze, magram igi airia saxelobi-
Ti brunvis e-Si, rogorc qarTuli i (fuZisa) airia saxelo-
biTi brunvis i-Si (Zveli qarT.: grigoli, axali qarT. gri-
gol) da, amdenad, e-ze daboloebuli fuZeebi gadaSenda. sa-
xelobiTi brunvis i/e niSani ise gadahyveba yvela brunvaSi,
rogorc sxva fuZiseuli a, o, u xmovnebi.
i. yifSiZis azriT, (n. mars imeorebs, etyoba, mars qarT.
i<u, raTa semiotikisaTvis daekavSirebina) megrulSi saxelo-
biTi brunvis niSani unda yofiliyo u: u>i. magram dRes
Wirs misi garCeva fuZiseuli u-sgano. mxolod bednier Sem-
Txvevas unda vumadlodeT, rom ficilis formulaSi darCeni-
la saxelobiTi brunvis niSani u: RoronTu-me (RmerTmani,
RmerTi-me), Suru-me, sqani mordu-me (RoronTi `RmerTi~, Su-
ri `suli~, mordu `gazrda~).
Cveni azriT, piriqiTaa: RoronTi-me>RoronTume (m-m la-
bialoba SesZina i-s da u-d aqcia asimilaciis ZaliT).
3) moTxrobiTi brunvis niSania -q megrul-WanurSi.
i. yifSiZe am brunvas eZaxda `nacvalsaxelovan micemiTs~, e.i.
Cans, mas q nacvalsaxelidan momdinared miaCnda, magram ker-
108
Zod saidan, es ara Cans. `nacvalsaxelobiT~ brunvas eZaxda
mas n. maric.
a. Ciqobavas azriT, q ukavSirdeba g-s: e-g-e, i-g-i (Sdr.
aq<ha-q, iq<hi-q). igi man-is (moTx. br.) badalia. TviT qar-
TulSi moTxrobiTi brunvis niSani istoriulad -n aris: ma-
n, vi-n/mu-q, mi-q. qarTulSi n aris qarTuli Tu Semonatania?
4) micemiTi brunvis niSania s, rogorc es qarTulSia.
mosalodneli iyo -S, magram arsad Senaxula micemiTSi -S.
megrulis zugdidur-samurzayanulSi es s>c: koc `kacs~,
xoc `xars~...
iSviaTad aris -as: Zvir-as `Zvirad~, nwar-as `mwared~,
Sxir-as `xSirad~, ef-as ìafad~, Tel-as `cocxlad~. yifSi-
Zis azriT, -as aris arqauli brunvis niSani qarTuli micemi-
Tisa. yifSiZe, albaT, gulisxmobda qarTulis Semdegi saxis
magaliTebs: alagas, adgilas.
5) naTesaobiTi brunvis niSania qarTuli is-is Sesat-
yvisi iS, romelic xmovanfuZianebTan kargavs i-s da rCeba -S.
Toma-S(i), katu-S(i), ¹ude-S(i), koto-S(i), Toma-S(i)<Toma-
iS(i).
TanxmovanfuZian saxelebTan -iS rCeba: koC-iS(i),
xoj-iS(i)...
oRond is kia, rom am iS-is i naTesaobiTis niSnis ele-
mentia, Tu saxelobiTi brunvis i, romelic yvela brunvaSi
gadahyveba, amis garCeva Znelia: koC-i, koC-i-q, koC-i-S(i)
(<*koC-i-iS(i)).
mravlobiT ricxvSi -iS daculia: koC-ef-iS(i). es asea
megrulSi, xolo WanurSi S aris darCenili, fuZis bolo
xmovnis gavleniT iS-is i ikargeba: katu-f-e-S(i) `katebiT~,
koC-ef-e-S(i) `kacebiT~...
SeiZleba naTesaobiTi brunvis niSani daikargos kompo-
zitebSi: zRva-piji (<zRvaS(i) piji) `zRvispiri~, Wubur-xin-
ji `wablisxidi~...
6) mimarTulebiTi, daSorebiTi da daniSnulebiTi brun-
vebi naTesaobiTi brunvis diferenciaciiTaa miRebuli:
naT. koC-i-S(i) Jvabu-S(i) `kacisa~, `gombeSosi~
109
daSor. koC-i-S-e(n) Jvabu-S-e(n) `kacidan/isgan~,`gombeSodan/isgan~
mimar. koC-i-S-a Jvabu-S-a `kacisken~, `gombeSosken~
daniSn. koC-i-S-o(T) Jvabu-S-o(T) `kacisTvis~, `gombeSosTvis~
n. marisa da i. yifSiZis azriT, mimarTulebiTi brunva

(koCi-Sa) aris wminda micemiTi brunva qarTuli gaxmovanebiT
(a gaxmovanebiT): koCiSa < *koCiaS (Sdr.: nwaras, Zviras). es
swori araa.
maTive azriT, daSorebiTi brunva (koC-i-Se) aris naTe-
saobiTi brunvis forma Tubal-kainuri gaxmovanebiT (e/i
xmovniT). araa swori esec.
daniSnulebiTi miCneulia marisa da yifSiZis mier meore
micemiT brunvad Tubal-kainuri gaxmovanebiT (qarT. a >
megr.-Wan. o) koC-i-S-o(T)<*koC-i-oS(T). arc esaa swori. nam-
dvilad samive es brunva naTesaobiTi brunvis diferenciiTaa
miRebuli, rasac adasturebs Semdegi:
1) samive brunvaSi saerTo S daboloebiani (naT. br.)
fuZe; 2) nacvalsaxelTa warmoeba:
megruli Wanuri
naT. koC-i-S Cqim Cqim/Sqim
mimarT. koC-i-S-a Cqim-da Cqim-da/Sqimda
daSor.(dawy.) koC-i-S-e Cqim-de Cqimde(n)/Sqimde(n)
daniSn. koC-i-S-oT Cqim-oT _ _ _
asea II piris nacvalsaxeli: sq/kan _ sq/kanda, sq/kande,

sq/kanoT...
v. Tofuriam werilSi `zogierTi brunvis genezisisaT-

vis megrul-WanurSi~, wamoayena mosazreba, rom mimarTulebi-
Ti da daSorebiTi brunvis daboloeba a da e modis nacval-
saxelebSi dacul -da da de/de(n) nawilakisagan:
koCiSa<*koCiSda, koCiSe<*koCiSde(n)
d-s dakargva sazogado saxelebSi fonetikur niadagzea
warmoSobili, megrul-Wanuri gaurbis aqcesiur Sd kom-
110
pleqss (Sdr. Steri>Seri, Strafi>Srafi, dastur>dasuro,
versi(<versti...).
v. Tofuria ar exeba, Tu ra warmoSobisaa TviT
da/de/den.
2) daniSnulebiTi udris naT. br. + gardaqceviTi brun-
vis niSani -oT.
koC-i-S-oT (gardaqc.: koC-oT) da faravs qarTulis
`kac-is-ad~-s. xevsurulSia ase: qmrisad (<qomonjiSoT), gu-
rulSi: imiza<imisda. -ad qarTulis megrul-Wanuri Sesatyvi-
sia -*od>oT (d dayruvda).
7) moqmedebiTi brunvis niSania (i)T(i) megrulSi,
(i)Te/(i)Te(n) WanurSi. a. CiqobavaTi Wanuris (i)Te(n)-is e
qarTulis i-ze migviTiTebs TiTqos (qalaq-iT-i `qalaqad~),
magram maTi igiveobis mtkiceba Znelia. n bolokiduris fun-
qciac araa naTeli, igi ni nawilakis narCeni ar unda iyos.
kerZoobiTi movlenebi brunebaSi:

1) aTinuris arTaSenul TqmaSi moSlilia moTxrobiTi:
avji `monadire~ (=avjiq) mTuTi doilu `monadire(m) daTvi
mokla~; konqSi (=konqSiq) miwu-qi `mezobelma miTxra, rom~...
aseve ikargeba mic. brunvis -s: koCi (=koCis) uwumers
oxorZa `kacs eubneba coli~; Seeri (=Seeris) mu dulÁa gi-
Run `qalaqSi ra saqme gaqvs~. moTxrobiTis moSla Wanuris
gramatikuli sistemis rRvevis dawyebas niSnavs.
2) arqabulSi (aTinurSic) mimarTulebiTi brunvisTvis
calke forma araa, samagierod, daSorebiTi or funqcias as-
rulebs, ase rom, arqabuli oxoriSe niSnavs: 1. saxlis-
gan/saxlidan, 2. saxlisken: ma qarmateSe mendafTi `me wisqvi-
lisken (wisqvilSi) wavedi~.
oxoriSe vigzalaTere `saxlisken (saxlSi) wavideT~.
yifSiZis aTinur teqstebSi Ciqobavas SeuniSnavs sapi-
rispiro movlena: daSorebiT brunvad gamoyenebulia mimarTu-
lebiTi:
aTinaSa wukitiSa àTinidan wukitamdis~;
caSa Tofri julun `cidan Tafli Camodis~;
111
oSkuriSa qojextu `vaSlidan Camovida~.
es imis maCvenebeli unda iyos, rom jer kidev WanurSi
damTavrebuli araa am ori brunvis diferenciacia.
3) yvelaze Taviseburi WanurSi Semdegia: brunvis forma
(daboloeba) daerTvis zmnis pirian formas da TandebulTan
erTad maqvemdebarebeli kavSiris magivrobas eweva:
xoja oxoriSa mexTu-Si, bigaTen dozapes (Ciqobava) =
`xoja saxlSi mivida-s Semdeg joxiT scemes~.
uSqii dofaTxu-Si, mCxuefeq qoWkomes `vaSli rom Camo-
reka, cxvrebma SeWames~;
oxoiSa nitu-Si, qoZiu ar koCi gzas gelaxetu `saxlSi
rom midioda, dainaxa, erTi kaci gzaze ijda~;
mexTu-S-kule qoZiu `rom mivida, dainaxa~.
Sk > Wk xofurSi: doCodinesWkule saebiq uwuqi `rom
daamTavres, patronma uTxra, rom~. ia moxTaSa, haq rta ìs
mova-mde aq iyavi~.
zmnis formam SeiZleba dairTos saxelis mravlobiTi
ricxvis -ef formanti.
`man-na giwvi-fe~ doyvi, do dido ko iyven (=giTxar-eb-
i=rac giTxari (ambebi)...).
4) a-ze fuZegaTavebuli saxelebi mravlobiT ricxvSi
aRadgenen fuZiseul Tanxmovan l-s: ja `xe~ _ jal-efi, jima
`Zma~ _ jimal-efi, dRa `dRe~ _ dRal-efi, oxorja `rZali~
_ oxorjalefi, muma `mama~ _ mumalefi...
u-ze daboloebuli ori fuZec asea: Tu `goWi~ _ Tul-
efi, Cxou `Zroxa~ _ Cxoulefi/Cxulefi.
Tandebuliani brunvebi
zanuris Taviseburebas qarTulTan SedarebiT Seadgens

TandebulTa simcire (samagierod, zmniswinebiTaa mdidari!).
sul ramdenime Tandebuli gvaqvs.
naT. brunvas daerTvis WanurSi kala (=`Tan~), oRond
mis win naT. brunvis niSani ikargeba: babakala (<babaS kala)
`mamasTan~, fujikala (<fujiS kala) `ZroxasTan~. es Tande-
112
buli megrulSic gvxvdeba n-wkuma/n-wk¸ma, wkala-s saxiT. n aq
CarTulia, ganviTarebulia, w warmomdgaria naT. brunvis S-
sgan k-s mezoblobaSi (Sdr. moxTu-S-kule<moxTuWkule Wan.),
ase rom, wkala/wk¸ma-s pirveladi saxea igive Wanuri `kala~.
megruli baRanawkume (<baRanaSkuma) `bavSvTan~, rom Sk>wk
(bunebrivi kompleqsebis Seqmnis tendenciiT), amas adastu-
rebs qvemoimeruli: tyiwyen, cecxliwyen (<cecxlisken), ame-
iyvanowye (<ameiyvanosye). (v. Tofuria).
naT. brunvas daerTvis Tandebuli kele WanurSi `ken~.
manZagereS-kele `mezoblisken~, jaSkele `xisken~. SeiZleba
naT. brunvis S daikargos: qÁoqikele (<qÁoqiSkele `Ziris-
ken~), daRikele `tyisken~.
es Tandebuli daSorebiT brunvasac daerTvis: skandeke-
le `Senken~, Cqimdekele `Cemken~. megrulSi mis nacvlad saxe-
lia `gainSe~ (=ken `gaswvriv~), `¹udeS gainSe~ saxlisken...
naTesaobiT brunvas erTvis –sTeri WanurSi (=`viT~,
`Tana~) /a. Ciqobava/. oRond naT. brunvis niSani ikargeba mis
win yovelTvis.
n. maris mixedviT, Tandebulia Teri. swori Cans: -s Se-
iZleba micemiTi brunvis -s iyos, rogorc amas n. mari fiq-
robda. koCi-sTeri (`kaciviT, kacisTana~), WurkisTeri `kar-
dalasaviT~, `kardalis msgavsi~, CqimisTeri `CemisTana~. uf-
ro sworia: koCis-Teri, beres-Teri = `kacsaviT, bavSvsaviT~.
xofuri r-s kargavs: sTeri>sTei: sqanisTei `SensaviT~,
beresTei `bavSvsaviT~...
Wanuris `-sTeri~-is funqciiT megrulSi naxmaria jgu-
ra Tandebuli: daCxirijgura WiTa `cecxliviT wiTeli~; Cqi-
mijgura `CemisTana~. am Tandebulis j warmomdgaria naT.
brunvis S-sgan g-s mezoblobaSi: CqimiSgura>Cqimijgura. Sdr.
gu `hgavs~, qarT. àmis magvari~ (guari `saxe~, `msgavsi~).
megrulSi CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebTan Tandebulad ixmareba
gvari: Tegvari àseTnairi~, àseTi~, Tigvari ìseTnairi~,
ìseTi~.
g. kartoziaTi: S-gur-a (=qarT. gvar<govar), es Ziria:
u-gur-uans àmsgavsebs~, me-gur-af-a `mimsgavseba~. ix. misive,
113
èrTi Tandebulis genezisisaTvis megrulSi~, qarTvelur ena-
Ta struqturis sakiTxebi, II, 1961.
mimarTulebiT brunvas daerTvis -qis (Wan.) // -xi/-x
(megr.)=mde.
gÁari oWkomu’Sa-qis qomoxTu bere `saWmlis Wamamdis
movida bavSvi~. xuT TuTaSa-qis va’Ziri-na, goÁqTi `5 Tvemdis
Tu ver naxe, mobrundi~.
megr.: ¹udeSaxi/ ¹udeSax mida¹unu `saxlamde gahyva~.
Te’Sax, ai’Sax vamiCqudu àqamde ar vicodi~. afxazuridanaa -
x `ken~, sa-x `Cemken~. megrulSicaa x ken’is mniSvnelobiT:
Jido-x-Se `zevidan, zeviT-ken-i-dan~, Tudo-x-Se `qvevidan,
qveviT-ken-i-dan~, gowox `SarSan, gasul wels~ (t. gudava,
erTi afxazuri Tandebuli zanurSi, saq. mecn. akademiis moam-
be, VIII-3, 1947).
daSorebiT (gamosvliT) brunvas daerTvis -ni (=`Tvis~).
WanurSi misi darTva aucilebelia daniSnulebiTi brunvis
uqonlobis gamo, mis sakompensaciod: sqaniSe-ni ginon? `Sen-
Tvis ginda~? jumaSeni, bereSeni... `ZmisTvis, bavSvisTvis~.
es Tandebuli megrulSicaa: aTe’Se’-ni giwii àmis-
Tvis/amitom giTxari~, baRanaSe-ni dudi di¹vilu `bavSvisTvis
Tavi moikla~.
megrulSi -ni odnav semasiologiurad gadaxrilia: sqa-
niSeni vuwi-ma `Senze, Sen Sesaxeb vuTxari me~.
Wanuris ni Tandebuliani brunvis nacvlad megruli
specialur brunvas _ daniSnulebiTs iyenebs. Sdr. Wanuri:
aÁa jumaSe-ni minon da megr. ¹ana jimaSoT moko ès ZmisTvis
minda~.
Tandebulis mniSvnelobiT ixmareba megruli geSa: iS ge-
Sa, ina didi re `masTan SedarebiT igi didia~. fiqrendu fa-
refiSi geSa _ `fiqrobda fulze~ (i. yifSiZe).
megr. gaamaT `garda~, `nacvlad~: TeS gaamaT àmis nac-
vlad~ (i. yifSiZe).
n. mars WanurSi naT. brunvaze darTul Tandebulad da-
saxelebuli aqvs Tere: Sqimi Tere mixTa (aTin.) `modi Cem-
Tan~.
114
nawilakian saxelTa bruneba
megrul-WanurSi aris nawilaki T(i), romelic qarTuli

c(a)-s ekvivalentad aris miCneuli: kac-i-c, kac-ma-c, kac-s-
ac, kac-is-ac... Sdr. koCi-Ti, koCiq-Ti (Wan.), koCiqiT (megr.),
koCis-Ti (Wan.), kosiTi (megr.), koCiSiTi (megr.-Wan.)...
c/T monacvleoba megrulsa da qarTulSi SeiniSneba: Ti-
kani/cikani, zarmaci/zarmaTi (megr.) (Ciqobava). m. xubuaTi:
cvla/Tirua, gardaiqca/ginirTu. c/T: TviT megrulSi: ociki-
nans/oTikinans, Tingua/cingua, TirTini/circini, Tiki/ciki...
magram ufro safiqrebelia, rom megrul-Wanuri Ti mor-
fologiuri (ara fonetikuri!) Sesatyvisi iyos ìgi~ nawila-
kisa (Zv. qarT. ese, ege, igi) romeli-igi, romelman-igi, ro-
melsa-igi... e.i. ese, ege, igi-s badlad megrul-WanurSi iqne-
boda Te, Ti. Te zmnebis I seriaSia SerCenili (e-Te-me-Waruns
`wa-ca-wers~, e-Te-me-dirTu `wa-ca-dgeba~, mo-Te-mo-xvadu
`wa-ca-xvdeba~. yifSiZiT, Ti/ma (=Te-me) usrul aspeqtze miu-
TiTebs, xolo m. xubuaTi, Te=ca: ge-Te-doxodu, wa-ca-jde-
bis~...).
msazRvrel-sazRvrulis urTierToba: brunebis Tvalsaz-

risiT zedsarTavi saxeli da ricxviTi saxeli calke mor-
fologiur kategoriad ar gamoiyofa. arsebiTi saxelis nor-
mebi brunebisa maTzec vrceldeba. magram sxva mdgomareobaa
ori an meti saxelis erTad brunebisas. sazRvruli erTia,
msazRvreli ki ramdenime SeiZleba iyos: msqva, aRne qiTabi
`lamazi, axali wigni~. msazRvreli SeiZleba iyos marTulic:
jimaSi oxori `Zmis saxli~, manZagereS bere `mezoblis bav-
Svi~, oWkomaiS dro `Wamis dro~...
zanurSi msazRvreli Cveulebriv win uswrebs saz-
Rvruls, magram SeiZleba mosdevdes: oxori msqva `saxli la-
mazi~, nana Cqimi `deda Cemi~...
brunebis wesi: Tu msazRvreli win uZRvis sazRvruls,
igi arc brunvaSi da arc ricxvSi ar Seicvleba: manZagereSi
bere, manZagereS bereq, manZagereS beres... aq ise ar icvleba,
115
rogorc marTuli msazRvreli qarTulSi: mezoblis bavSvi,
mezoblis bavSvma, mezoblis bavSvs...
leboni forCa `WuWyiani kaba~, leboni forCaq, leboni
forCas, leboni forCaSi...
didi gza, didi gzaq, didi gzas, didi gzaSi...
aRne ambai àxali ambavi~, aRne ambaiq àxali ambavma~,
aRne ambais àxali ambavs~, aRne ambaiS àxali ambis~...
WiTa uSquri/mWiTa uSqiri `wiTeli vaSli~, WiTa uSqu-
riq `wiTeli vaSlma~, WiTa uSquris `wiTeli vaSlis~...
mravlobiT ricxvSic ucvlelia winamavali msazRvreli:
mWiTa uSqurefi `wiTeli vaSlebi~, mWiTa uSqurenq `wiTeli
vaSlebma~, mWiTa uSqurens `wiTeli vaSlebs~...
qarTulTan SedarebiT, sxvaoba aq isaa, rom winamavali
msazRvreli ucvleli rCeba brunebisas, TanxmovanfuZiani iq-
neba is Tu xmovanfuZiani, maSin, roca qarTulSi mxolod
xmovanfuZiani winamavali msazRvreli rCeba ucvleli brune-
bisas. qarTulSi dawyebuli procesi Wanursa da megrulSi
damTavrebulia.
magram, Tu rigs SevcvliT, msazRvreli ibrunvis (ric-
xvSi ar uTanxmdeba!): xoji didi `xari didi~, xojiq didiq
`xarma didma~, xojis didis `xars dids~, xojiS(i) di-
diS(i)... xojefe didi, xojefeq didiq/ xojenq didiq, xoje-
fes didis/xojens didis... `xaris didis~...
magram SesaZlebelia isic, rom momdevno msazRvrelma
miiRos brunvis niSnebi da sazRvruli ucvleli darCes:
¹ude jaSi `saxli xisa~, ¹ude jaSiq `saxli xisam~,
¹ude jaSis `saxli xisas~, ¹ude jaSiS(i) `saxli xisasi~... ra
Tqma unda, SeiZleba: ¹udeq jaSiq `saxlma xisam~, ¹udes ja-
Sis `saxls xisas~... (e. lomTaZe, `msazRvrel-sazRvrulis
urTierToba megrulSi~, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba,
VI, 1954, gv. 227).
asea kompozitebSic: muamuSi (<muma muSi) `mama misi~,
muamuSiq, muamuSis... saerTod kompozitebSi naT. brunvis -iS
ikargeba: ¹udekari `saxlikari~, kidaWi (kidaSWi) `kedliWia~,
cxenwyari `cxenwyali~, dasqua `diSvili~... pijvari `pirjva-
116
ri~, Toliseri `TvalRame~, xemanwyu `xelis Semwyobi~, gur-
saWo `gulsatkeni~, bJaiolu `mzeamosvla~, kamawyari `kamaw-
yali~, aliCqari (<aliSqari) `cecxlis ali~, xeSqaguri
(<xeS Sqaguri) `xelSuaguli~, kuCxmodvai `fexsacmeli~, bi-
Zisqua `biZaSvili~, wakurTxia (<wyalis kurTxeva).
riT aixsneba winamavali msazRvrelis ucvleloba brun-
vasa da ricxvSi? Sinaarsobrivi momentiT: roca msazRvreli
winaa da sazRvruli momdevno, maT Soris kavSiri aSkaraa da
cxadia, radgan msazRvreli sxva sityvas ver daukavSirdeba.
amitom brunebis procesSi aseTi msazRvreli dundeba, kar-
gavs brunvis niSnebs (ukeT rom vTqvaT, ar ibrunvis) _ es
procesi megrul-WanurSi dasrulebulia (qarTulSi dawyebu-
lia: xmovanfuZian msazRvrelebTan...). magram, roca msazRvre-
li mosdevs sazRvruls, aseT dros kavSiri maT Soris ise
naTeli araa, radgan momdevno msazRvreli SeiZleba Semdgom
sityvas miekedlos: oxori aRne manZagereSi re. aq msazRvre-
li àRne~ òxoris~ gansazRvravs. magram konteqstSi igi Se-
iZleba `manZagereses~ gansazRvravdes (1. `saxli axali mezob-
lisaa~. 2. `saxli axali mezoblisaa~). rom naTeli iyos,
romels ekuTvnis msazRvreli, amitom igi uTanxmdeba im sa-
xels, romelsac gansazRvravs.
SeniSvna: ori saxeli, `da~ kavSiriT SeerTebuli, Tu
msazRvreli iqneba (jgiri da sqvami oWkomai, `-~ oWkomaiq)
`kargi da lamazi saWmeli, `-~ saWmelma~, arc erTi ar ib-
runvis. Tu isea, maSin meore saxeli ibrunvis: muma do squa
`mama da Svili~, muma do squaq `mama da Svilma~...
117
zedsarTavi saxeli
megrul-WanurSi Tu zedsarTavi saxeli ibrunvis, savse-

biT iseTsave daboloebas miiRebs, rogorsac arsebiTi saxe-
li. 1) zedsarTavi saxeli maSin ibrunvis, Tu igi winadadeba-
Si msazRvrelis rolSi ki ar gamodis, aramed damoukideb-
lad, arsebiTi saxelis mniSvnelobiT:
uCaSi squaq vamkuluu didas, mara ukulaSiq jgiri dRa
oZiru ùfrosma Svilma ar mouara dedas, magram umcrosma
kargi dRe anaxa~.
did baRanas uSquri qimeCes do WiWes _ ¹urZeni `did
bavSvs vaSli misces da pataras _ yurZeni~.
2) msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli zedsarTavi saxeli xan
ibrunvis, xan ara: ibrunvis, Tu sazRvruls mosdevs; ubrun-
velia, roca win uswrebs sazRvruls:
WiTa uSquri (megr.)/ mWiTa uSquri (Wan.) `wiTeli vaSli~.
WiTa uSqurq, WiTa uSqurs... e.i. ar ibrunvis `wiTeli
vaSlma, wiTeli vaSls~...
magram: uSquri WiTa, uSqurq WiTaq, uSqurs WiTas `vaS-
li wiTeli, vaSlma wiTelma, vaSls wiTels~.
SeniSvna: roca msazRvreli sazRvruls mosdevs, SesaZ-
lebelia winamavali sazRvruli ubrunveli gaxdes: uSqur
WiTa, uSqur WiTaq, uSqur WiTas.
xarisxis warmoeba: dadebiT xarisxs saerTod ara aqvs mawar-
moebeli.
lamazi _ msqva (Wan.)sqvami (megr.) Wkviani _ noseri (Wan.),
Wkveri (megr.)
cxeli _ tuca (Wan.), Cxe (megr.) suleli _ sersemi (Wan.),
suneli (megr.)
patara _ Wita/meliqa (Wan.), WiWe (megr.) Raribi _ Wukara (Wan.),
Raribi (megr.)
didi _ didi (megr.Wan.) mdidari _ zengini (Wan.),
dimdare (megr.)
cudi _ pati (Wan.), glaxa (megr.) naswavli _ kiTxei (Wan.),
nagurefi (megr.)
kargi _ kai (Wan.), jgiri (megr.)
118
SedarebiTi xarisxis1 mawarmoebeli megrulSi aris u
prefiqsi da a-Si (naT. br.) sufiqsi:
did-i `didi~, u-did-a-Si ùdidesi~
WiWe `patara~ u-WiW-a-Si ùpataresi~
ginZe `grZeli~ u-ginZ-a-Si ùgrZelesi~
gamonaklisi: jgiri, magram u-jgu-Si `kargi _ ukeTesi~;
met-i, magram u-mosi `meti _ umetesi~.
WanurSi SedarebiT xarisxs ar awarmoebs morfologiu-
ri sufiqsebi. iq leqsikuri saSualebiT xerxdeba xarisxis
gadmocema, Sesadarebeli sagani upirispirdeba sadarebels:
aia emuSeni didi re (megr. ena TiS udidaSi re) ès
imaze didia (e.i. udidesia)~. WanurSi SedarebiTisa da aRma-
tebiTi xarisxis mniSvnelobas zedsarTav saxels aniWebs
sityvebi: dido `Zalian~ (dido msqva `Zalian lamazi~ =
ulamazesi), daha `Zalze~, ùfro~ (aia emuSeni daha kai re =
`masze ufro kargia~).
TanabrobiTi (=ekvatiuri) xarisxi axasiaTebs mxolod
megruls. igi ar gaaCnia arc Wanurs, arc svanursa da qar-
Tuls. mawarmoebelia ma-_-a: ma-Sxv-a, ma-ginZ-a, ma-sqvam-a:
¹udeS maSxva qua = ise msxvili qva, rogorc saxli: `saxlis
simsxo qva~, bambeS ma-r-Ce-a ZRabi, `bambis siTeTris gogo~.
TanabrobiTi xarisxis mniSvnelobiT qarTulSi gamoyenebulia
zedsarTavi saxelisgan nawarmoebi abstraqtuli saxeli: var-
diS masqvama `vardis silamazis~.
WanurSi TanabrobiTis Sinaarss gadmoscems Sesadarebel
saganze darTuli Tandebulebi: konaÁ, sTeri `viT~, oxoriS-
konai(sTeri) mCxu divi `saxliviT msxvili (devi)~, `saxlis
sididis (devi)~, фuqirisTei msqva kulani `yvavilis silama-
zis gogo~.
odesRac Wanursac unda hqonoda TanabrobiTi xarisxi:
mag. mapejana: òTxo kiTiS mapejana ficariSi iqifan baRu
òTxi TiTis sisqis ficris beRels akeTeben~ (Ciqobava, I,
1b-ni kornelis sxva saleqcio Canawerebis mixedviT, SedarebiTi xarisxi =

ufroobiTs; aseve, megrulSi gamoyofs odnaobiTi xarisxis formas (mo-e/o:
mo-uC-e/o), romelic lazurSi aRweriTad iwarmoeba (SeniSvna m. lomiasi).
119
148, 24). mapejana nawarmoebia pej-i (= `sqeli~) sityvisgan:
ma-pej-an-a (Sdr. ma-Sxv-a) `simsxo~...
mamaCxvara èmuS mamaCxvara~ _ imis simsxo.
arsebiTi saxelisgan nawarmoebi qonebis zedsarTavi sa-
xelebi iwarmoeba -am sufiqsiT megrulSi: farami `fuliani~,
Cilami `coliani~, osurami `qaliani~, kuCxami `fexiani~.
uqonlobas gamoxatavs u-_-e(l): u-kuCx-e ùfexo~, u-
dud-e ùTavo~, u-Cil-e, u-osur-e ùcolo~. asea WanurSic:
u-bab-el-i ùmamo~, u-Rnos-e ù-Wku-o~.
u-_-ur: u-minj-ur-i (asea qarT.: u-gn-ur-i<ugnuri, u-
mad-ur-i) u-xuj-uri...
ix.: g. rogava, zedsarTavi saxelis TanabrobiTi xaris-
xis gaqvavebuli formebi qarTulSi: ike, IX-X. (m-Wl-e, mZime,
mcire, mtkice, mware, mrume m-Wl-e < me-Wl-e // ma-Wkol-a,
me-cire>mcire).
ricxviTi saxeli
raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi:
megruli Wanuri megruli Wanuri

1 arTi arTi/ar 20 eCi eCi/eC
2 Jiri/J¸ri Jur/Ju 21 eCdoarTi eCidoar
3 sumi sum (Sum) 30 eCidoviTi eCidoviT
4 oTxi oTxo 40 JarneCi JureneCi/JurneCi
5 xuTi xuT 50 JarneCidoviTi JureneCdoviT
6 amSvi aSi/anS 60 sumoneCi sumeneCi
7 SqviTi/SkviTi SqiT 70 sumoneCdoviT sumeneCidoviT
8 ruo/bruo ovro 80 oTxoneCi oTxoneCi/oTxeneCi
9 Cxoro Cxoro 100 oSi oSi
10 viTi viTi 200 JiroSi JuroSi
11 viTaarTi vitoar(xof.) 300 sumoSi sumoSi
vitvar(v.arq.)
12 viToJiri vitoJur 400 oTxoSi oTxoSi
13 viTosumi vitosum 1000 aTasi/viToSi SilÁa
2000 JiraTasi Jur SilÁa
120
megruli èrTis~ mniSvnelobiT arT-is gverdiT zog ga-
moTqmaSi naxmaria aka (afxaz. ak¸): aka wuTis èrT wuTs~, aka
qomoZiruni èrTi manaxa~.
10-dan 20-mde rTuli ricxviTi saxelebi: 10+do+erTe-
ulebi (1,2,3,4...)
11: viT+do+arTi > viToarTi > viTaarTi
viT-do-ar > viTToar > vitoar (jer asimilacia, Sem-
deg disimilaciuri gamkveTreba). 11-19 aTobiTi Tvlis prin-
cipzea agebuli (saxeli iwarmoeba 10-ze dayrdnobiT).
sxva ki ocobiT sityvazea agebuli, aseTi ricxviTi sa-
xelebi Sereuli tipisaa:
40 _ JarneCi (<Juron-eCi // Jur-en-eCi)
60 _ sum-on-eCi // sum-en-eCi
megr. on da Wan. en sufiqsi Zveli qarTuli me nawila-
kis tolia: sam-me-oci, oTx-me-oci... axal qarTulSi e dakar-
gulia: oTxmoci.
ras aRniSnavs on/en? (qarT. me?). amas svanuri arkvevs:
svanurSi am sufiqsis badalia in, romelic aRniSnavs
`jer~-s: 40 = ur-in-erîeSd, 60 = sem-in-erîeSd (=`samjero-
ci~). in = jer: aSxuin èrTjer~. (es sakiTxi garkveulia: v.
Tofurias òcobiTi Tvlis sistemisaTvis qarTvelur eneb-
Si~, Tsu moambe, VI, 1926).
rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi megrul-WanurSi iwarmoeba
raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebisagan ma-a(n) mawarmoebliT:
ma-_-a (megrulSi), ma-_-an (WanurSi). megrulSi bolo n da-
kargulia:
megruli Wanuri
I ma-arT-a ma-Jur-an-i/maJura
II ma-Jir-a ma-Jur-an-i/maJura
III ma-sum-a ma-sum-an-i/masuma
IV ma-oTx-a ma-oTx-an-i/maoTxa
X ma-viT-a ma-viT-an-i/maviTa
XX ma-eC-a ma-eC-an-i/maeCa
121
WanurSi `pirvelis~ Sesatyvisad aris Turquli `birin-
ji~. megrulSic qarTuli `pirveli~ ixmareba (priveli), `ma-
arTa~ gamoCndeba rTul ricxviT saxelebTan: maviTaarTa, ma-
eCdoarTa, maoTxoneCdoarTa.
wilobiT ricxviT saxelebs megrulSi awarmoebs na _
or / na _ al.
na-sum-ori `mesamedi~ = na-sam-ali, na-oTx-ali, na-xuT-
ari.
naxevars aRniSnavs gverdi: gverdi si da gverdi Sxvas
`naxevari Sen da naxevari sxvas~.
n. mars aRniSnuli aqvs, rom WanurSi -on sufiqsi awar-
moebs rigobiT ricxviT saxelebs: viToaroni `meTerTmete~,
viToJuroni `meTormete~, viTosumoni `mecamete~...
nacvalsaxeli
piris nacvalsaxelebi: ma `me~, si `Sen~, asea megrulsa

da WanurSic, oRond Wanuris Cxalur TqmaSi -n araa dakar-
guli: man, sin (Sdr. mena, Sena).
mr. ricxvSi: megr. Cqi/Cq¸ `Cven~, Tqva `Tqven~. Wan.
Cqu/Cqi, Tqva/Tqvan...
III piris nacvalsaxeli megrulSi aris mu ìs~, muq
aris WanurSi.
1 sax. ma/man si/si-n Cqu/Cqun/Cqin Tqva/Tqvan

2 moTx. ma/man si/si-n Cqu/Cqun/Cqin Tqva/Tqvan
3 mic. ma/man si/si-n Cqu/Cqun/Cqin Tqva/Tqvan
4 naT. Cqim/Sqim skan Cqun, Cqin, Squn Tqvan
5 mom. Cqim-da/Sqimda skan-da Cqun-da, Cqin-da Tqvan-da/
Tqvan-da
6 daSor. Cqimde(ne)/ skan-de(n) Cqun-de(n), Tqvaninde/
Sqimde(ne) Cqin-de(n) Tqvande
7 moqm. _ _ _ _
8 daniS. _ _ _ _
9 gardaqc _ _ _ _
122
arsebiTad aseve ibrunvis es nacvalsaxelebi megrulSi.
oRond megrulSi damatebiT daniSnulebiTi brunvaa: CqimoT,
sqanoT, CqinoT, TqvanoT.
III piris nacvalsaxeli
megruli Wanuri
mx. r. mr. r. mx. r. mr. r.
sax. mu ìs~ mu-n-ef-i ìsini~ mu-q ìs~ mu-T-ef-e ìsini~
moTx. mu-q `man~ mu-n-en-q mu-q mu-T-ef-e-q
mic. mu-s mu-n-en-s mu-s mu-T-ef-e-s
naT. mu-S(i) mu-n-ef-iSi mu-S(i) mu-T-ef-e-Si
mimar. mu-Sa mu-n-ef-iSa mu-Sa mu-T-ef-e-Sa
daSor. mu-Se mu-n-ef-iSe mu-Se(n) mu-T-ef-e-Se(n)
moqm. mu-Ti mu-n-ef-iTi mu-Te(n) mu-T-ef-e-Te(n)
daniSn. mu-So(T) mu-n-ef-iSoT _ _
gardaqc. _ [mu-n-ef-o] _ _
mr. ricxvis fuZes darTuli megruli -n da Wanuri -T

erTi da imave morfologiuri Rirebulebis odenoba unda
iyos, oRond sxvadasxva enobrivi fenidan. maTi morfologiu-
ri funqcia da sadauroba garkvevas saWiroebs (a. Ciqobava).
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom n da T msazRvreli determi-
nanti sufiqsi iyos an msazRvreli nawilaki, Sdr. i-na/T-i-na,
e-n-T-ef-e; ma-n/si-n.
CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli WanurSi: aÁa, ia < ea (xof.) //
haÁa, hea (viwur-arqab)//ham, him (aTin.) = qarT. ès~, ìgi~.
megrulSi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli orgvaria: a) sruli:
Tena (ès, eg~), Tina (ìgi~); b) martivi (mokvecili): Tena >
ena/Te/e; Tina > ina/Ti/i.
Te, e da Ti, i megrulSi ufro ixmareba gansazRvrebad
(zedsarTavis saxelSi): Te(e) osuri ès qali~, Ti(i) osuri
ìs qali~.
xolo Tina/ina da Tena/ena damoukideblad ixmareba.
III piris nacvalsaxelis rolSi: Tina ragadans, Waruns
ìs laparakobs, wers~.
garda amisa, megrulSi martivi Ziri a da e daerTvis
rTul nacvalsaxelebs: a+T-e-n-a / e+T-i-n-a.
123
a+Tina ès~, e+Tina èg, igi~.
brunebisas Wanursa da megrulSi CvenebiT nacvalsaxe-
lebs Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs.
WanurSi:
mx. r. mr. r.
sax. a-Áa, ha-Áa, ha-m èse~ a-n-T-ef-e, ha-m-T-ef-e / ha-T-ef-e-e /
ha-ni
moTx. a-mu-q, ha-mu-q, a-n-T-ef-e-q, ha-m-T-ef-e-q /
ha-Áa-q ha-T-ef-e-q / ha-T-e-e-q / ha-n-i-q
mic. a-mu-s, ha-mu-s, a-n-T-ef-e-s, ha-m-T-ef-e-s /
ha-Áa-s ha-T-ef-e-s...
meore rigisaa CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

mx. r. mr. r.
sax. i-a, he-a, hi-m ìgi~ e-n-T-ef-e / he-m-T-ef-e, he-T-e-e //
hi-ni
moTx. e-mu-q, he-mu-q, e-n-T-ef-e-q / he-m-T-ef-e-q,
he-a-q / hi-mu-q he-T-ef-eq, he-T-e-q/hi-n-iq
mic. e-mu-s, he-mu-s, e-n-T-ef-e-s / he-m-T-ef-e-s,
he-a-s / hi-mu-s he-T-ef-e-s / he-T-e-e-s / hi-ni-s
megrulSi:
mx. r. mr. r.
sax. a-Te-na, Te-na, a-T-e-n-ef-i, T-e-n-ef-i, e-n-ef-i,
e-na, Te, e èse~ T-e-n-ef-i, e-n-ef-i
moTx. a_Te-q, Te-q, e-q, a-T-e-n-en-q, T-e-n-en-q, e-n-en-q,
Te-q, e-q T-e-n-en-q...
mic. a-Te-s, Te-s, e-s, a-T-e-n-en-s, T-e-n-en-s...
Te-s, e-s
meore rigisaa
mx. r. mr. r.
sax. e-T-i-na, T-i-na, i-na, e-T-i-n-ef-i, T-i-n-ef-i, i-n-ef-i,
Ti, i ìgi~ T-i-n-ef-i
moTx. e-T-i-q, T-i-q, i-q, e-T-i-n-en-q, T-i-n-en-q, i-n-en-q...
Ti-q, i-q
mic. e-T-i-s, T-i-s, i-s, e-T-i-n-en-s...
Ti-s, i-s
124
nacvalsaxeluri Ziria WanurSi a/ha, e, he
megrulSi nacvalsaxeluri Ziria T, qarTuli s da g-s
Sesatyvisi funqciurad.
a-T-e, e-s-e, e-g-e; e-T-i, i-s-i, i-g-i.
kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli: megrulSi: Cqimi `Cemi~,
sqani/skani `Seni~, muSi `misi~, TeSi/eSi àmisi~, TiSi/iSi
ìmisi~, Cqini `Cveni~, Tqvani `Tqveni~, munefiSi `maTi~, Tene-
fiSi àmaTi~, TinefiSi ìmaTi~.
WanurSi: mr. r.
I Cqimi/Sqimi (aTin.) Cquni(viw.), Squni(aTin.), Cqini(xof.)
II skani Tqvani
III muSi, emuSi, hemuSi muTefeSi, enTefeSi, enTefeS
kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli: megrulSi: min/mini/mi `vin~ da

mu `ra~, na-mu `romeli~.
WanurSi: mi/min, mu/mu-Áa, na-mu.
Wanuri megruli
sax. mi(n), mu/mu-Áa mini / min / mi, mu
moTx. mi-q, muq/mu-Áa-q mi-q, muq
mic. mi-s, mu-s/mu-Áas mi-s, mu-s
naT. mi-Si, mu-Si/mu-Áa-Si mi-Si, mu-Si
mimarT. mi-Sa, mu-Sa/mu-Áa-Sa mi-Sa, mu-Sa
daSor. mi-Se(n), mu-Se(n)/mu-Áa-Se(n) mi-Se, mu-Se
moq. mi-Te(n), mu-Te(n)/mu-Áa-e-n mi-Ti, mu-Ti
daniSn. _ miSoT, muSoT
gardaq. _ mino/moT (<muoT)
megrulSi mu-s `ra~ mravlobiTi ricxvi ara aqvs.

sxva mxriv, mravlobiTi ricxvi trafaretulad ewarmo-
ebaT:
Wanuri megruli
sax. mi-f-e, mu-f-e, nani (aTin.) min-ef-i [mu] namunefi
moTx. mi-f-e-q, mu-f-e-q, na-ni-q min-en-q _ namunenq
mic. mi-f-e-s, mu-f-e-s, na-ni-s min-en-s _ namunens...
125
mravlobiTi ricxvis formebi megrul-WanurSi kiTxviTi
nacvalsaxelebisa iSviaTia, amitom iyo, rom n. mari pirdapir
ambobda: mi, mu-s mravlobiTi ricxvi ara aqvso.
ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebi (gansazRvrebiTi
megr-Si: arZa/arZo, iro, iri-feli) megrulSi rTulia yvela:
miTini (miTine `zogierTi~, yifSiZiT: mi-Ti-ni (`mi~ кто, `Ti~
те, `ni~ чтоб, чтобы).
muTuni (igive daSla), migida (>mid¸ga>midga)
mi-gi-da (mi=`vin~, da=d¸/d = Ti/T¸/T, sadac (T) gam-
JRerda g-sTan mezoblobaSi, ga nawevari = qarT. Ra-s, e.i. mi-
gi-da = vi-Ra-ca. ase daiSleba mu-gi-da `raRac~ migdareni
(<mi-gi-da-re-ni) `viRac~.
zmna
piris kategoria. zanurSic qarTuliviT zmna SeiZleba

iyos erTpiriani, orpiriani da sampiriani. aqedan realurad
mxolod ori piris aRniSvna xdeba zmnaSi (afiqsebiT), mesame
(obieqti) potenciuradaa gadmocemuli (vuWarunq ma Tis we-
rils `vuwer me mas werils~).
I subieqturi piris niSani megrulsa da WanurSi aris
v: vore (Wan.), voreq (megr.) `var~, virCqieq `vismen~, viwker
(Wan.) `viyurebi~, vifxor (Wan.) `vWam~, vibonq (megr.) `vi-
ban~...
v- S1 niSnad daculia xmovnebis win yvelgan megrulSi
da Wanuris xofur-aTinurSi. S1 niSnad Tanxmovnebis win meg-
rulSi aris b (bWarunq, bragadanq... magram senakurSia v: vWa-
runq `vwer~, vragadanq `vlaparakob~), b aris xmovnebis win
viwur-arqabulSi: b-ore `var~, bimxor `vWam~, bimgar `vtiri~,
biwker `vxedav, viyurebi~...
S1 v-s sxvadasxva Tanxmovnebis win sxvadasxva kiloSi
enacvleba b, p, f, m:
b: (mJRerTa win): bgoruf `veZeb~, bRurur `vlapara-
kob~, bRaRalaf `vkvdebi~, dobdgiTi `gavCerdi~.
126
megr. bragadanq `vlaparakob~, bgurafuenq `vswavlob~,
bgorunq `veZeb~...
p: (yru mkveTrebis win): pkorobunq `vagroveb~, ptkva-
runq `vtkver~, ptibuq `vTbebi~, pwirunq `vwurav~, pilunq
(<pyvilunq) `vklav~. Wan: pyorof `vuyvarvar~, pWofi àviRe~,
pwiluf `vkref~, pyviluf `vklav~...
f: (yru fSvinvierTa win): fTiranq `vcvli~, fTasunq
`vTesav~, fqunq `vfqvav~, fxaCqunq `vToxni~, fxonunq `vxnav~,
fsxapunq `vcekvav~ (aq x-s gavleniTaa f). Wan: fxer `vzivar~,
dofxomi `gavxmi~, fsqiduf `vrCebi~...
m: (cxvirismierTa win): mnaxunq `vrecxav~, mnatrunenq
`vnatrulob~, dimgari (<dimngari<ngara) `davitire~...
Wan: gomwki (<gomnwki<gonwkimu) `gavxseni~, domcorum
`gavcri~ (Sdr. oncoru) `cra~. megrulSi, zugd.-samurzaya-
nulSi S1 prefiqsi gadaismis SuaSi i-s adgilze: imgarq (<im-
ngarq `ngar~) `vtiri~, Sdr. vingarq (senak.), ibabdebuq, Sdr.
vibadebuq `vibadebi~, ibWaruuq (Sdr. viWaruuq) `viwerebi~...
S1-is niSani ikargeba u-sa da bagismier TanxmovanTa (b,
f, p) win: duWari (<dovuWari) `davuwere~, duZaxi (dovuZa-
xi) `davuZaxe~, dobergi (<dovbergi) `gavToxne~, bargunq
`vmarglav~, bonq (vbonq) `vban~.
II subieqturi piris niSani arc megruls da arc Wa-
nurs ara aqvs. ar iyo swori i. yifSiZe, roca S2 niSnad meg-
rulSi q-s miiCnevda: ore-q `xar~, Warun-q `wer~, aqedan I
pirSic aris analogiiT gadmosulio.
III subieqturi piris niSnebia: -s, -n, -u. aqedan s igive
qarTuli s aris: Waruns `wers~, kvaTuns `kveTs~, n TviTon
megrul-Wanuri fenisa unda iyos: ore-n àris~, xen `zis~,
iWarun ìwereba~, Wan: iSqviden ìxrCoba~, tibun `Tbeba~.
e.i. s naxmaria awmyoSi gardamaval zmnebTan, xolo yve-
la zmnasTan kavSirebiTebis (I, II, III) formebTan.
n naxmaria gardauval zmnebTan (vn., saS.).
u naxmaria wyvetilSi yvela zmnasTan: doWaru `dawe-
ra~, doRuru `mokvda~ da uwyvetelSi: Warundu, Rurudu...
127
SeniSvna: megrulSi S1 da S2 formebTan aris sufiqsi q,
romelsac a. cagareli da i. yifSiZe miiCnevdnen S2 niSnad,
qarTuli x, h-s badalad, romelsac adgili ucvlia, boloSi
gadmosula da analogiiT I pirSic gadasulao. a. Ciqobavam -q
daukavSira svanur -x-s: x-u-ar-i, x-ar-i `var, xar~. q I pir-
Sic iseTive kanonieri monacemi unda iyos, rogorc svanurSi
x. analogia araao. oRond qarTulSi x S2 niSania, aq rogor-
Raa is orive pirSi? q-s -r Seesatyviseba WanurSi. piris ni-
Sani q ara Cans.
I-II pirSi megr. q = Wan. r-s; bRur-u-r `vkvdebi~, ptub-
u-r `vTbebi~, vul-u-r `mivdivar~, f-xe-r `vzivar~, viWve-r
`viwvi~. morfologiurad q=r.
q. lomTaTiZis varaudiT, r da q meSveli zmnis funqci-
iTaa naxmario (Sdr.: ax. qarTuli vzivar, zixar, zis). meSve-
li zmnebi pirvelad unda darTvoda mdgomareobis gamomxat-
vel, statikur zmnebs (vzivar, vdgevar, vwer), meSveli zmna
qarTulTan erTad svanurmac gaiCina: skur-xîi `vzivar~ (Sdr.
zemosvanuri: sgui `vzi~). magram megrulsa da WanurSi meSve-
li zmnebi ar gasCeniaT saSuali gvaris zmnebs, imitom rom
am funqciiT erTxel ukve iyo darTuli r da q. r unda mo-
diodes oren/ren àris~ zmnisagan gacveTis Semdeg. igive
odenobaa myofadis sufiqsi ere (<ore): bzumare/bzumaTere.
sworia n. mari, roca wers: bzumare = àris rom gavzomo~.
xolo megruli q unda iyos dadasturebiTi nawilaki
qo, e.i. meSvel zmnad daerTvoda qo nawilakiani òren~, e.i.
qoren, romelmac gacveTiT q mogvca.
amis siswores amtkicebs I TurmeobiTis warmoeba, sadac
qarTuli meSveli zmnis fardad q aris megrulSi, ere _ Wa-
nurSi:
128
megruli Wanuri
`momkvdarvar~ dobRureleq dabRureleren
`Cavuwerivar~ qenuWaruq govoWkandere `davviwyebivar~
`mjdarvar~ qinovxveq dobxerere
`gamTbarvar~ govtibafeq govtibere
(ix. q. lomTaTiZe, q sufiqsisaTvis megrul zmnebSi: ike,
I).
2) S3 -s niSani zugdidur-samurzayanulSi c-Si gadadis:
Warunc `wers~, Wunc `wvavs~...
3) S3 niSani n megrulSi mxolobiT ricxvSi aRdgeba,
Tu xmovani mosdevs: reno àriso~, xeno `ziso~...
subieqturi piri mravlobiT ricxvSi igivea, rac mxo-
lobiT ricxvSi, oRond -T daerTvis: fxeT `vsxedvarT~, vWa-
runT `vwerT~, voreT `varT~...
S3 niSani mravlobiT ricxvSi megrul-WanurSi aris -an
da -es.
-es S3 niSnad (mr. r.) maSinaa, Tu mxolobiTSi S3 niSani
aris u, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi (n, s = S3) aris -an.
-es: Warundes (Warundu) `werdnen~, doRures (doRuru)
`mokvdnen~, xedu _ doxodes ìjda _ dasxdnen~, doWares
(doWaru) `daweres~...
-an: re-n-an àrian~, xe-n-an `sxedan~, Waru-n-an `weren~...
e.i. S3 niSani mxolobiTi ricxvisa -n mravlobiT ricxvSic
gadahyveba.
obieqturi piris niSnebi I da II pirSi igivea, rac qar-
TulSi: m (I pirSi), g (II pirSi), xolo III piris obieqturi
niSani megrul-Wanurs ar daucavs. mlanZRuns `mlanZRavs~,
mkiTxums (man hemuq) `mekiTxeba (me is)~, motibuans `maT-
bobs~... lanZRuns `lanZRavs~, gkiTxums (megr. rkiTxens)
`gkiTxavs~, gotibuans `gaTbobs~...
II piris 0-is niSani g- megrulSi gadadis r-Si Tanxmov-
nebis win: rxuns `xvrets~, r¹viluns `gklavs~, rWaruns
`gwers~, rxantuns `gxatavs~..., sxvagan g- daculia.
129
I-II obieqturi piris mravlobiToba aRiniSneba S3 mrav-
lobiTi ricxvis niSnebiT -an, -es, -iT (-es, Tu mxolobiTSi
-u iyo; -an Tu mxolobiTSi iyo -n, -s).
an: ma mxantuns-Cqi mxantunan, Tqva rxantunan `me mxa-
tavs _ Cven gvxataven, Tqven gxataven~...
es: ma domxantu-Cqi domxantes, Tqva dorxantes `me dam-
xata _ Cven dagvxates, Tqven dagxates~...
asea inversiul zmnebTan.
m-iRu-(n) (ma) `maqvs~ _ m-iRu-n-an (Cqi)
g-iRu-(n) `gaqvs~ _ g-iRu-n-an
m-jogu-n (ma) `mZags~ _ mjogunan (Cqi)
rjogu `gZuls~ _ rjogunan
gimajogu (ma) `SemZulda~ _ gimajoges (Cqi)
gigajogu `SegZulda~ _ gigajoges
magram, Tu subiqti mravlobiT ricxvSia, -an, -es sufiq-
sebi am subieqtis mravlobiTobas aRniSnavs da am dros obi-
eqtis mravlobiToba aRuniSvneli rCeba:
Sdr.: r-xantunan Tqva Tina `gxatavT Tqven is~, dorxan-
tes Tqva Tiq `dagxataT Tqven man~ (aq mr. r-Si obieqtia).
magram: r-xantunan Tqva Tinefi `gxataven Tqven isini~,
dorxantes Tqva Tinenq `dagxates Tqven maT~ (aq mr. r-Si su-
bieqtia).
ase rom: pirdapiri wyobis zmnebTan 03-is mravlobiToba
ar aRiniSneba, xolo 01 da 02-is mravlobiToba aRiniSneba
mxolod maSin, Tu zmnis subieqti ar aris mr. ricxvSi (Tu
mxolobiTSia).
dro da kilo
dro megrul-WanurSic samia: awmyo, warsuli, momavali.

awmyos fuZes emyareba I seriis mwkrivebi. awmyos fuZe
rTulia, dairTavs Temis niSnebs. es niSnebi Semdegia:
megrulSi: -un: vWarunq `~vwer, vSunq `vsvam~, vTasunq
`vTesav~, vWofunq `viWer~, pilunq `vklav~, vxantunq `vxa-
tav~. es sufiqsi yvelaze aqtiuria megrulSi.
130
-an: vocqvanq `vaqeb~, vogoranq `gagineb~, vorguanq
`vrgav~, vojRananq `vejRanebi~, vofunuanq `vaduReb~, vrkianq
`vkivi~.
-en: vakeTenq `vakeTeb~, vawuxenq `vawuxeb~, varigenq `va-
rigeb~, vaxerxenq `vaxerxeb~, vauCarenq `vaSaveb~, vaSenenq `va-
Seneb~...
aq –en yvelgan qarTul -eb-s udris da misi saxecvlaa:
eb>ef>em>en.
-in: (iSviaTia, ufro myofadis wreSia): fTxiinq
`vTxov~, r¹viinq `(mo)gklav~.
WanurSi: um/uf; am/af. minan (viwur-arqab., aTin.), if
(xofuri): um/uf: Sums/Sufs `svams~, kvaTums/kvaTufs `Wris,
kveTs~, ¹vilums/yvilufs `klavs~.
if (<uf) –xof. iqifs `gaakeTebs~, gedgifs `dadgams~.
am/af: orgams/orgafs `rgavs~, ogzams/ogzafs ànTebs~; -
ef: iCaliSefs `muSaobs~.
om: iqoms àkeTebs~, of: vZirof `vxedav~, vyorof
`vyvarob~.
warsulis specialuri mawarmoebeli ara aqvs, fuZe mar-
tivia. ix. mwkrivebTan. myofadis warmoeba ki arsebiTad gan-
sxvavdeba megrulsa da WanurSi. megrulSi myofadis sawarmo-
eblad -q aris gamoyenebuli awmyos fuZeze darTviT (vWarunq
`vwer~ _ dovWarunq `davwer~), maSin roca WanurSi myofadi
iwarmoeba kavSirebiTi II-sgan ere (re, e-s darTviT (viwur-
arqab. aTin.) an minon meSveli zmniT (xofurSi): bWarare, Wa-
rare, Warasere, bWaraTere, WaraTere, Waranere. an bWaraminon,
Waraginon, Warasunon, bWaraminonan, Waraginonan, Warasunonan.
dawvrilebiT ix. mwkrivebTan.
kilo oTxia megrul-WanurSi: TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi,
pirobiTi, brZanebiTi.
TxrobiTi kilo: vWarunq `vwer~, dovWari `davwer~, vi-
qif `vakeTeb~...
kavSirebiT kolos awarmoebs –a: pWarufta `vwerde~ (I
kavS.), pWara `vwero~ (II kavS.), bWarelereta `damewera~ (III
kavS.), mizimudas `gamezomos~ (IV kavS.).
131
pirobiT kilos awarmoebs –kon (<okon ùnda~): pWarup-
tikon (pir. I), vWarundiko(n), bWarikon (pir. II) `rom mewe-
ra, rom damewera~.
brZanebiT kilos qarTulis msgavsad sakuTari forma
ara aqvs: dadebiTi brZanebiTi iyenebs TxrobiT kilos (wyve-
tils) II pirisaTvis (doWari! qoTqvii!) an kavSirebiT (II
kavS.) kilos III pirisaTvis (doWaras!). Tu zmnas wyvetili
ar ewarmoeba, dadebiTi brZanebiTi uwyvetels iyenebs: qor-
tas/qordas! ìyos!~
uaryofiT brZanebiTs nawilaki daerTvis. WanurSi mo
(awmyosTan): moyuaf `nu mogyavs!~, mo ogzaf `nu agzneb!~,
megrulSia _ nu (ni/n¸): niWarunq `nu wer!~, niragadanq `nu
laparakob!~, nikiTxenq (<nuikiTxenq) `nu kiTxulob!~... es ak-
rZalviTi brZanebiTia.
va nawilaki ixmareba kavSirebiT II-sTan erTad: va Wara
àr wero!~, va’morTa àr moxvide!~... brZanebiT kilosTan va
uaryofiTi nawilaki WanurSi ar ixmareba, ise _ ki.
gardamavloba: qarTvelur enebSi subieqtisa da obieq-

tis brunva damokidebulia or faqtorze: 1) rogoria zmna,
gardamavali Tu gardauvali; 2) ra droa.
Wanurs axasiaTebs: Tu zmna gardamavalia, qvemdebare
yvela mwkrivSi (seriaSi) moTxrobiT brunvaSia, pirdapiri
damateba _ yvelgan saxelobiTSi: avjiq mkÁafu ¹vilums _ av-
jiq mkÁafu do¹ilu _ avjiq mkÁafu do¹iludoren `monadire
(monadirem) turas (tura) klavs _ monadirem tura mokla _
monadires (monadirem) tura mouklavs~.
gardauval zmnebTan subieqti yovelTvis saxelobiTSia,
iribi obieqti _ micemiTSi (qarTuliviT): koCi Rurun `kaci
kvdeba~, koCi doRuru `kaci mokvda~, koCi doRurudoren `ka-
ci momkvdara~; orpiriani gardauvali zmna: emus bere uyouns
`mas bavSvi hyavs~, emus bere uyounteren `mas bavSvi hyolia~,
hemus baba uRurun `mas mama ukvdeba~... hemus baba duRuru
`mas mama moukvda~, hemus baba duRurudoren `mas mama mok-
132
vdomia~, emus Ti Wufs `mas Tavi tkiva~ emus Ti dvaWu `mas
Tavi atkivda~, emus Ti dvaWeren `mas Tavi atkivebia~.
megruls axasiaTebs: II seriis mwkrivebTan qvemdebare
yovelTvis moTxrobiTSia, iqneba is gardamavali Tu gardau-
vali: koCi iSerebu _ koCq geSeru _ koCi gaSerebe `kaci
Sterdeba _ kaci gaSterda, kaci gaSterebula~. e.i. megruli
ugulebelyofs gardamavloba-gardauvalobas brunebisas, xo-
lo Wanuri _ serias (dros, mwkrivebs).
gurulsa da qvemoimerulSi aris: man mokvda, man movi-
da. es, albaT, megrulis gavlenaa. a. Ciqobava: cxadia, meg-
ruls miuZRvis amaSi brali.
aspeqti. zmniswinebis ori rigi
aspeqts (sruls) awarmoebs preverbebi. preverbebi aspeq-

tis garda awarmoeben mimarTebas (gezs) da dros (megrulSi
myofadi preverbebiT iwarmoeba, WanurSi _ sxva saSualebiT
(ere, minon), magram WanurSi zmniswinebic gadmoscemen myofa-
dis Sinaarss: mendavulur `waval~, gowavumer `gamovarTmev~,
gebdumer `davdeb~. mimarTulebas (gezs) aRniSnavs preverbi
moZraobis aRmniSvnel zmnebTan: e-xTu àmovida~, ge-xTu `Ca-
movida~, gama-xTu `gamovida~, menda-xTu `wavida~...
sruli aspeqtis gamomxatvelad preverbebi gamoyenebu-
lia wyvetilSi, kavSirebiT II-sa da III seriis mwkrivebSi:
doWaru `dawera~, gonwku `gaxsna~...
Sedgenilobis mixedviT preverbebi orgvaria: martivi da
rTuli.
martivi preverbebia WanurSi:
e-: e-xTu, Áe: Áezdu àiRo, qÁeWofu àiRo-iyida~, qei-
selu ìdga~.
me-: me-voWiSi `mivaRwie~, me-ptkoCi `vesrole~, mevokva-
Ti `movWeri~.
mo-: qomomCu `momca~, mo-xTu `movida~, mo-wku `mox-
sna~...
133
ge-: gexTu `Camoxda~, getkoCu `gadaagdo~, gexedi ìje-
qi~.
go-: gonwku `gaxsna~, guiqTu (<goiqTu) `gabrunda~, gu-
lun (<goulun) `gavida~.
do-: dobWai `davwere~, dovogui `vaswavle~, doRuru
`mokvda~, doxedi! `dajeqi!~..
o-: oWkumu `SeWama~, ofuTxu `gafrinda~, ofSvi `Sev-
svi~, opWofi `daviWire, aviRe~...
rTuli preverbebi WanurSi miiReba martiv preverbebze
nawilakebis darTviT. es nawilakebia: ka, ko, wa/we, Sa, Se,
la/lo, da, ma, mo, Jo.
ase rom: e+ka, e+we, e+Se, ela, ele, e+ma, e+mo...
me+ka, me+wa, me+Sa, me+la, me+da...
mo+ko, mo+Sa...
e _ preverbi aRniSnavs moZraobas qvevidan zeviT;
me _ aqedan iqiT moZraobas (maSorebeli);
mo _ iqidan aqeT (maaxloebeli);
ge _ zevidan qveviT;
go _ mimosvlis (mi-mo);
do _ Zirs moZraobas an (aspeqts), aseve, aspeqts o aR-
niSnavs.
rTul preverbebs arsebiTad igive mniSvneloba aqvs, rac
martiv zmniswinebs, oRond danarT preverbs Tu nawilaks da-
matebiTi niuansi Seaqvs SinaarsSi; -wa-/-we _ aRniSnavs qveS,
qvemoTken, -la- _ gverdiT, napiras, Sa _ SigniT, Ja(Jo)_ ze-
viT da a.S.
e+ka: koCi ekaWiSu melis. ekikidu (<ekaikidu) onjire
àikida~ logini...
e+we/ewa: qewudgu (<qewaudgu<qoewaudgu) `win daud-
ga~, ewurCu (<ewaurCu) `win daufina~.
e+Sa/eSe: qeSaxTu àmovida~, eSafuTxu àmofrinda~,
eSimenan àmoiReben~ (<eSa-menon).
aTinurSi: eSka: eSkaxTu àmovida~, qeSkiRu àmoiRo~...
e+la/ele: gel, elaxedi do iwketi `mijeqi da iyure~,
elukapun àxteba~, eliwku kama àmoiRo xmali~.
134
me+ka: mekaxTu `gadavida~, `gauara~.
me+wa: mewukapu cxeniSen `miqveSxta~ _ Camoxta cxeni-
dan.
me+Sa: qomeSaxedu `miSigjda~, qomeSadu `mi~ SigniT-da-
do~.
me+da: medaulur `waval~, mendaviRa `waviRo~... menda-
vi¹ona `waviyvano~. -da aq qarT. da- preverbia.
me+Ja/meJo: meJoCu `mizesca~=dawyevla~.
mo+ka: qomokavTi `gadmovedi~, mokudgin (<mokaudgin),
àqeT ukan dgas~.
mo+Sa: moSalu `Semovarda~.
mo+la/molo: moloxe (<molaoxe) `Sig zis~
mo+Ja/moJe: bergi moJadvalei `Toxi mxarze gadebuli~
go+wa/gowo: qogowokides `Camkides~, qaguwuRu `gamoar-
Tva~.
go+Sa: goSatkuCu `gaSigtyorcna~, qogoSimenan `Signi-
dan gamoiReben~.
go+la/golo: goluWqadun `miWedili aqvs mkerdze~,
qogolinjiru `gawva~...
ge+wa/gewe: gewe-biwkedi `win Cavixede~.
ge+Sa: qogeSadgu. jas geSaxedes `xeze isxdnen~
ge+la: geladgitu `Camomdgariyo~, gelafxeti `Camom-
jdarviyavi~.
ge+Jo: qogeJobdgi `ze davadgi~.
do+la/dolo: qodoloxTes `Cavidnen~, qodololu `Ca-
vida~, dolotkaCu...
o+ko: okikaTes, okakides `waekidnen~, okonaRuru `gu-
li wauvida~.
o+xo: oxomawonu `mivxvdi, gavige~, oxuSqu `miuSva~.
a+ma: amavulur `Semoval~, amaxTu `Sevida~.
ga+ma: gamaxTu `gamovida~, gamabCi `gavyide~.
qarTulidan Cans SeTvisebuli Se- preverbi: Seginaxami-
non `Seginaxav~, qoSignu `gaigona~.
WanurSi aRsaniSnavia `me- preverbis xmareba: me- pre-
verbs II da III pirebSi (e.i. xmovnebis win!) n enacvleba:
135
man mevutali `me mivuSvi~, sin nutali `Sen miuSvi~,
emeq nutalu ìman miuSva~.
ma mevulur `me mivdivar~, sin nulur `Sen midixar~, ia
nulun ìs midis~.
TiTqos me-s n-Ti Secvla fonetikur garemoSi xdeba
(xmovnebis win), magram fonetikuri mizezi ar unda iyos. ase
rom iyos, mo-sac unda moeca n, magram ase araa: movulur,
mulur, mulun... n sxva preverbia, me-s toli funqciiT, ro-
melic afxazuridan unda iyos SeTvisebuli (a. Ciqobava).
preverbebi megrulSi arsebiTad iseTivea, rogoric Wa-
nurSi.
martivi preverbebia:
e: e-ula àmosvla~, e-Wofu àReba~, e- ¹onafa àyvana~,
e-sxapua àmoxtoma~, erCqina `gaCena~;
me: me-ula `misvla~, meWarua `miwera~, me-jRona `miZ-
Rvna~, me-Rala `migzavna~, me-jina `mixedva~;
mo: mo-Warua `mowera~, mo-kaTafa `movardna~, mo-Wanafa
`mowveva~, mo-rTu `movida~;
ge: ge-dguma `dadgma~, ge-xuna `dajdoma~, ge-Txorua
`daTxra/amoTxra~, ge-sxapua `daxtoma~;
go: go-jina `gaxedva~, go-nwyuma `gaxsna~, go-teba `gaS-
veba~, go-ragadua `galaparakeba~, go-sxapua `gaxtoma~;
ga: ga-Teba `gaTaveba~, ga-keTeba `gakeTeba~, ga-Cereba
`gaCereba~, ga-Wyordu `daaviwyda~;
do: do-jira `dawola~, do-rCafa `dafena~, do-lafa
`davardna~, do-nwyuma `dawyoba~;
o: ovWofi/opWofi `daviWire~;
Se: Sefxvadi `Sevxvdi~, Severigi `Sevurigdi~;
wa: warTu `gafuWda~;
a: axvadu `xvdeba~, qaZiru (<qoaZiru) ànaxa~, qaatu
(<qoatu) `dautova/Seatova~.
rTuli zmniswinebis II komponentad megrulSi gvaqvs
Wanurisebri: la, ko, wo, Sa, da, mo. megruls aklia Ja, Jo,
o-xo. samagierod, megrulSi metia To (miTo, giTo, eTo) da
no (mino, gino, dino).
136
rTuli preverbebi megrulSi:
jer specialuri To, no elementi vnaxoT:
mi+To: miToxe `zis (Sig)~, miTaaTu `Seagdo (Sig)~, mi-
TaTxoru `Camarxa~...
gi+To: giTorTu `gamovida~, giToTxoru `gamoTxara~,
giTosxapu `gamoxta~...
e+To: qeToTxoru àmoTxara~, eTajinu àmoxeda~, eTar-
Cqiu `(amo)usmina~...
gi+no: ginosxapua `gadaxtoma~, ginorCqia `gadasmena
(gadayuradeba)~, gino¹oTama `gadagdeba~...
di+no: dino¹oTama `Cagdeba~, dinoxuna `Cajdoma~, di-
norZama `CanTeba (Cagzneba)~...
mi+no: minonwyuma `moxsna (zevidan)~, minoxuna `Sejdo-
ma~, minokaTafa `Sevardna~, minojina `Sig Sexedva~...
sxva rTuli preverbebia:
ako/iko/oko: akoSayarua `Seyra/Segroveba (erTad)~, iko-
Teba `damTavreba~, okokirua `Sekvra~;
ala: alaxuna `mijdoma (gverdiT)~, alasxapua `xtoma
(gverdiT)~, alaWkadua `SeWedva (gverdiT)~;
aSa: aSula (<aSaula) àsvla~, aSajina `Caxedva~;
awo: awokirua `Sekvra (win)~, awoxvalama `Sexvedra
(win)~, awarCqia `mosmena (win)~;
gila: gila¹oTama `gadmogdeba (zevidan)~, gilasxapua
`Camoxtoma (zevidan)~, gilanwyuma `Camoxsna~;
gima: gimasxapua `gamoxtoma~, gimanTirua `gadmoTreva~,
gima¹oTama `gamogdeba~;
gimo: gimula (<gimoula) `gamosvla~, gimo¹oTama `ga-
mogdeba~;
giSa: giSasxunua `gamorCeva~, giSaWofua `gamoWera~, gi-
SaWarua `gamowera~;
giwo: giwoRala `gamorTmeva~;
diko: dikula (<dikoula) `Casvla~, dikosxapua `Cax-
toma~;
137
diSa: diSajira `Cawola~, diSasxapua `Caxtoma~, diSa-
ragvafi `Canarcxeba~;
eko/iko: ekoula/ikoula àmosvla~, eko¹oTama àmogde-
ba~;
ela/ila: elanjira `miwola (gverdiT)~, elasxapua
`mixtoma (gverdiT)~, elanwyuma `moxsna (gverdiT)~;
eSa/iSa: eSaRobua `gadaRobva (amoRobva)~, iSaqosua
àmowmenda~;
kila/kela: kiladguma `Semodeba/Semodgma~, kilarRvafa
`dayra/gamoyra~;
kino: kinojina `gamoxedva~, kinoragadi `gamolaparakeba
(ukan moxedviT)~;
mida: mida¹unu `mihyva~, midaCqu `miagzavna~, midarTu
`wavida~;
miko/muko: mikonjira `miwola~, mukoxakafi `mikakuneba~,
mikonWafa `miRweva~;
miSa: miSaWala `Cakerva~, miSarRvafa `Cayra~, miSa¹oTama
`Cagdeba~.
mola: molarTu `wamovida~, molanTiru `moaTria~, mo-
lazindu `mozida/moWima~;
mina/mini: minarTu `(mimo)udis~, mininwyu `(mimo)ixsna~,
minirCqiu `(mimo)ismina~;
wimo: wimodirTu `wamodga~, wimojina `wamoxedva~, wi-
mo¹oTama `wamogdeba~;
megrul-Wanuri rTuli preverbebis meore komponentebi:
la, wa, ka, xo, To, no ucxoa qarTulisaTvis.
zanuri mdidaria preverbebiT, radgan TandebulebiT Ra-
ribia, preverbebi sakompensacio saxeobaa Tandebulebisa.
preverbiseuli xmovnis asimilaciis Sesaxeb ix. gv.63-64.
138
gvari
gvari samia megrul-WanurSi: moqmedebiTi (yvela garda-

mavali zmna), vnebiTi da saSuali (gardauvali zmnebi), aqedan
saSuali gvaris zmnebs mawarmoebeli ara aqvs.
vnebiTi gvaris zmnebs WanurSi afiqsebi awarmoebs. es
afiqsebia awmyoSi: -u (sufiqsi), i_e (afiqsi), a_e (afiqsi).
-u: sqid-u-n, Rur-u-n, xom-u-n, tub-u-n (Zv. qarT.: rCe-
bis, kvdebis, xmebis, Tbebis);
i_e: i-Sv-e-n ìsmeva~, i-Wkom-e-n ìWmeva~, i-xaCq-e-n
ìToxneba~, i-wil-e-n ìkrifeba~;
a_e: a-Sv-e-n èsmeva~, a-Wkom-e-n èWmeva~, a-xaCq-e-n
èToxneba~, a-wil-e-n èkrifeba~.
naSTis saxiT WanurSi aris –d sufiqsic: gomoWkon-d-u-
n `damaviwydeba~, moRor-d-u `motyuvda~, momwon-d-u-n `mo-
wons~.
II seriaSi vnebiTis sufiqsebi ar gadahyveba, marto pre-
fiqsebi rCeba: dofsqidi `davrCi~, dobRuri `movkvdi~, iWko-
mu `SeiWama~, aSu `daelia (sma)~, aWkomu `SeeWama~.
i-e da a-e warmoebis vnebiTebs potencialisis Sinaarsi
aqvs, I gamoxatavs ganyenebulad aRebul SesaZleblobas (SeiZ-
leba Seisvas, SeiWamos), II ki SesaZleblobas garkveul pi-
rebTan mimarTebiT (SeuZlia Sesvas...)
WanurSi saSuali gvaris zmnebs mawarmoebeli ara aqvs:
xen `zis~, oren àris~, mendaxTu `wavida~, joxons `hqvia~,
minon `minda~.
megrulSic aris Wanuriseburi warmoeba vnebiTebisa:
u: ti-b-u(n) `Tbeba~, Rur-u(n) `kvdeba~, furu(n) `xur-
deba~, janu(n) `wevs~;
i-e: iWare, ikiTxire, iWkire, iSve, igore `SeiZleba (da-
iweros, wakiTxul iqnes, daiWras, Seisvas, moiZebnos)~;
a-e: aWare, akiTxire, aWkire, aSve, agore `SeuZlia (da-
weros, waikiTxos, daWras, Sesvas, moZebnos)~.
139
Wanuris msgavsad i-e da a-e tipis vnebiTs megrulSi
potencialisis mniSvneloba aqvs, magram, Wanurisgan gansxva-
vebiT, megrulSi vnebiTis warmoebis axali tipic gvaqvs:
i-u: iWarä(n) ìwereba~, iWkiru(n) ìWreba~, iSumu(n)
ìsmeva~, igoru(n) ìZebneba~;
a-u: aWaru(n) èwereba~, aWkiru(n) èWreba~, aSumu(n)
èsmeva~, axaCqu(n) èToxneba~.
cxadia, megrulSi potencialisi da vnebiTi gamijnulia,
Wanurs ki vnebiTisaTvis sakuTari forma ar gamoumuSavebia.
megrulSi vnebiTs (orpiriani) sxva warmoebaca aqvs:
e-u: ewuxebu (guri Tis) ùwuxdeba (guli mas)~, er-
cxvinebu èsircxvileba~, esaxelebu èsaxeleba~;
a-u: aCamu èqaveba~, aZirafu(n) èCveneba~, aZicinuafu
ècineba~ _ megr. -a=qarT. e-s.
o-u: oCqaru èCqareba~, oxiolu ùxaria~, owyinu
`swyins~.
megrulSic aris d-oniani warmoeba: WiTondu `wiTlde-
ba~, Squrondu `Sindeba~. magram es iSviaTia. donini vnebiTi
qarTulidanaa Sesuli megrul-WanurSi.
potencialisi qarTulsac unda hqonoda: saiT gaisvle-
bis; inaxvismca amirbari; xandazmul kacs sizmaric daejereba;
ar eWmeva, ar daeleva, ar eTqmis. aq àr~ gvaqvs da ara
`ver~, radgan potencialisi dadebiT gamoTqmaSi igrZnoba (ix.
a. Ciqobava, potencialisis kategoria qarTvelur enebSi,
enimkis moambe, I, 1937).
ùniSno vnebiTebi~ istoriulad ar axasiaTebs qarTve-
lur enebs, isini arian ugvaro dinamikuri zmnebi da uswre-
ben gvaris Camoyalibebas, Semdeg miekedlnen vnebiTebs. ùniS-
no~ vnebiTebs Zvel qarTulSi II seriaSi, I-II pirebSi fuZe
gaeSleboda: vSur-ebi _ davSuer, vcTebi-SevceT, vÃmebi-
ganvÃem, vkudebi-movkued. ùniSno~ vnebiTebs zanurSi u dabo-
loeba aqvT: tubu-n `Tbeba~, Ruru-n `kvdeba~, sqidu-n `rCe-
ba~. es u(<*o) sufiqsi qarTuli xolmeobiTis i-s funqciis
matarebeli Cans (tubun-Tbebis).
140
v. Tofuria ùniSno~ vnebiTebs niSnians eZaxis: e aris
niSanio. (ganvÃem, ganvtef).
qarTulsac svanuriviT fuZis fleqsiiT unda hqonoda
gvari garCeuli: sv. texni `brundeba~ _ tixe àbrunebs~,
Sdr. Ãed da Ãad, Sevced _ gamoicada, ga-qer _ ganvaqar-vo.
v. Tofurias mixedviT, a- moqmedebiTs awarmoebs (=a-dnobs, a-
Senebs) da e- ki vnebiTs (=e-werebis).
g. maWavarianiT, ase araa, a da e monacvleoba isec aris
qarTulSi, gvars ar ukavSirdeba: 1) davWer-davWar, orive
moqmedebiTia; 2) zanurSi uniSno vnebiTi fuZeSi o-s Seicavs,
rac qarTulSi a-s gvavaraudebinebs: goptubi (<*goptobi)
`gavTbi~ = qarT. *ganvtab; govxomi `gavxmi~ = *ganÃam. Zv.
qarTuli a ara aqvs fuZeSi uniSno vnebiTebs, magram unda
hqonoda dialeqtTa erT jgufSi, rasac, zanuris garda,
mxars uWers dialeqtis monacemebi (gavWar-davWer). ase rom,
a xmovani moqmedebiT gvars ki ar aRmoaCnda, aramed vnebiTeb-
sac, es imitom, rom a araa gvaris niSani.
qarT. e _ zan. o marto uniSno vnebiTebSi araa. aris
moqmedebiTSi. gavcer, Wan. goncoru (>gociru). Wanuri cor
fuZe qarTulSi car-s gvavaraudebinebs, aris kidev na-car-i.
asea davWer da dovWkori. Wkor-is Sesatyvisia ara salite-
raturo Wer, aramed dialeqturi War (davWari).
asea saxelebTanac: RorRo(n)ji (W.m.) _ RerRedi
(<*RarRad, Sdr. svan. RarRad `bati~), Wyori _ mwyeri
(<*wyari)...
e.i. e da a xmovanTa monacvleobas qarTulSi morfolo-
giuri funqcia ara aqvs.
141
qcevis kategoria
qceva aris zmnis kategoria, romelic gamoxatavs kuT-

vnilebiTs damokidebulebas obieqtsa da subieqts Soris
(orpiriani zmna) an obieqtebs Soris (sampiriani zmna), e.i.
qcevis gamoxatva zmnas maSin SeuZlia, Tu ori an sampiriania.
erTpiriani uqceoa.
zanuri qcevis sakiTxSi savsebiT mihyveba qarTuls. aqac
3 qcevaa: saTaviso (anu sasubieqto), sasxviso (saobieqto) da
saarviso (neitraluri).
sasxviso qceva aRniSnavs, rom erTi obieqti meore obi-
eqtis kuTvnilebaa, an gankuTvnilia misTvis (sua qodomidgu
`sufra damidga~, forCa emiWofu `kaba miyida~, ¹ude gamike-
Tu). magram inversiul (orpirian) zmnebTan sasxviso qceva
aRniSnavs subieqtis gankuTvnilebas obieqtisadmi: xe mikanka-
lans `xeli mikankalebs~, osare mirCqu (urCqu) `maisuri mi-
Cans (uCans)~.
qcevis niSnebi igivea, rac qarTulSi.
saTaviso qcevas i awarmoebs: megr: iTxoruns ìTxris~,
iWaruns ìwers~ (=TavisTvis iwers), iWkiruns ìWris~, iSe-
nens ìSenebs~...
Wan.: iWaufs ìwers~, ibonums xe ìbans xels~, iJvarams
(n. mariT) ìmarglavs~. ibRafs Cenge ìparsavs wvers (=ni-
kaps), xe ikvaTums `xels iWris~.
arn. Ciqobava aRniSnavs: `sarfelebi majerebdnen, rom
saTaviso qceva mxolod imas aRniSnavs, rom obieqti subieq-
tis kuTvnilebaa, subieqtisaa: Cenge ibRafs `nikaps iparsavs~,
radgan `Cenge~ subieqtisaa, misi kuTvnilebaa. magram qarTul-
Si xom aris: viwer zRaprebs, aq `zRaprebi~ subieqtis ki
araa, misi kuTvnileba ki araa, aramed gankuTvnilia misTvis.
Wanurad: iWaufs heqiaefe-s ìwers zRaprebs~ msgavsi magali-
Tebi ar SeiZleba, radgan es niSnavdes iqneba; iwers zRaprebs
Tavisaze, Tavis kanze, tanze. es ki ar SeiZlebao~.
raa es? saTaviso qcevis Sinaarsis daviwroeba? ara. ar-
qaizmi. CiqobavaTi qarTvelur enebSi saTaviso qcevis ZiriTa-
142
di da pirveladi mniSvneloba unda yofiliyo is, rac Wanur-
Sia daculi: moqmedeba subieqtis saganze (da ara subieqtis-
Tvis gankuTvnil saganze, iseve, rogorc sasxviso qcevisaT-
vis ZiriTadi unda yofiliyo moqmedeba sxvis saganze, sxvis
obieqtTan) da ara sxvisTvis gankuTvnil obieqtze (saTav.:
Tavi moikla = Tavisi Tavi mokla, sasxviso: mters guli mo-
ukla _ mtris guli mokla!).
esaa pirveladi mniSvneloba qcevisa, meoradia is mniS-
vneloba, rom moqmedeba exeba subieqtisTvis gankuTvnil sa-
gans (iWaruns) ìwers~ an obieqtisaTvis gankuTvnil sagans
(miWaruns-uWaruns) `miwers-uwers~.
sasxviso qcevis niSani megrul-WanurSi aris i (I, II p.)
da u (III p.)
megr. uwiluns ùkrefs~, uWaruns ùwers~, uZaxu ùZa-
xis~, miragadu _ uragadu `melaparakeba _ elaparakeba~, mi-
kiTxens _ ukiTxens wignis `mikiTxavs _ ukiTxavs wigns~, mi-
xokuns pis `miparsavs pirs~... uWanq `vukerav~, uWarunq
`vuwer~...
Wan. qomevuRi `movutane~, dujoxi `davuZaxe~, euWofi
`vuyide~, suφa qodomidgu `damidga~, xe ubonums `xels
hbans~ (ubans), Cenge ubRafs `wvers hparsavs~/uparsavs.
gardauvali zmnebis sasxviso qceva: bere miRurun _ be-
re duRurun, binexi mixomu `venaxi mixmeba~, kuCxi micanca-
lans (Tis ucancalans) `fexi mikankalebs (mas ukankalebs)~
e.i. gardauval zmnebTan subieqti aris obieqtisTvis gankuT-
vnili.
gardauval zmnebTan sasxviso qceva uniSnodac SeiZleba
gadmoices, orpiriani vnebiTebiT qarTulSi, romelic Sinaar-
siT sasxviso qcevisa aris, sadac subieqti gankuTvnilia obi-
eqtisaTvis.
miSendeba saxli _ uSendeba saxli. aq qcevisaa i/u. mag-
ram gana aseTi korelacia araa: mezrdeba bavSvi _ ezrdeba
bavSvi? qceva aqac aris, magram uniSnod!
megrulSia: mardä, maWarä, masofu, Sdr. mezrdeba, mewe-
reba, meglijeba (migjeba gur.), aq megr. a = qarT. e-s.
143
megrulSi: Rva meWiTarebu, Toma merCeebu... qarT.: loya
miwiTldeba, Tma miTeTrdeba, megr. e-u = qarT. i-d.
aseT formebSi qcevis Sinaarsi aSkaraa.
saarviso qcevas niSani ara aqvs: Warums/Waruns `wers~,
kiTxums/kiTxuens `kiTxulobs~, zopons/ragadans àmbobs~,
Wkiufs/Wkiruns `Wris~, Tiufs/Tiruns àTrevs~, xaCqufs/xaC-
quns...
saarviso qcevis formebs qarTulSi zogjer(!) a uZRvis
(akeTebs, aSenebs), magram a ar miiCneva qcevis niSnad. Tumca
sayuradReboa is faqti, rom zmnas TavsarT a-s fardad za-
nurSi kanonzomieri Sesatyvisi o aqvs xSirad.
Wanuri megruli
aswavlis _ oguafs / oguruans
arCens _ oskedinafs / oskiduans
aSinebs _ oSkurinams / oSqurinuans
anaxebs _ oZiafs / oZirans
akivlebs _ okiafs / orkiafuans
awers _ oWarafs / oWarans
n. mari o-s III qcevis (`порода~) niSnad miiCnevda Wa-

nurSi, magram o (qarT. a) ufro kauzativis mawarmoebeli
Cans. es iqidan Cans, rom kauzativs megrul-WanurSi am o-s
gareSe ver vawarmoebT.
kontaqti (gza)
kontaqti (gza) aris kategoria, romelic gviCvenebs,

subieqturi piri TviTon moqmedebs pirdapir obieqtze, Tu
iribi obieqtis meSveobiT. Tu subieqturi piri TviTon moq-
medebs pirdapir obieqtze, maSin uSualo kontaqti gvaqvs,
xolo, Tu subieqturi piri pirdapir obieqtze moqmedebs
sxva piris (iribi) meSveobiT, gveqneba SualobiTi kontaqtis
forma anu kauzativi (faqtitivi). SualobiTi kontaqtis mi-
144
xedviT realurad moqmedebs ori piri: erTi moqmedebas xel-
mZRvanelobs, meore _ xelmZRvanelis davalebas asrulebs;
erTia xelmZRvaneli (organizatori), meore _ Semsrulebeli
(egzekutori).
bavSvi mamas Cits aWerinebs. subieqti aris `bavSvi~, ro-
melic saqmes xelmZRvanelobs, xolo iribi obieqtia `mama~,
romelic realurad moqmedebs, asrulebs davalebas. pirdapi-
ri obieqti ar icvleba.
megrulsa da WanurSi kontaqti erTnairad iwarmoeba.
uSualo kontaqts saerTod ara aqvs mawarmoebeli: Wa-
rufs/Waruns, Wkiruns, yvilufs/¹viluns, baxufs/baxuns
`cems~...
kauzativis mawarmoebeli megrulsa da WanurSi aris o-
TavsarTi da -af- bolosarTi (o _ af), romelic daerTvis
wyvetilis fuZes, uSualo formebi wyvetilSi: gub-u `xar-
Sa~ (hemuq hea) ìman igi~, kvaT-u `Wra~, Tas-u `Tesa~, Sua-
lobiTi: o-gub-af-u àxarSvina~, o-kvaT-af-u àWrevina~, o-
Tas-af-u àTesina~ (hemuq hemus hea) ìman imas is~.
kauzativis awmyo iwarmoeba aoristis kauzativur fuZe-
ze (o-gub-af) awmyos mawarmoebeli afiqsebis darTviT. am
(aT., viw.-arq.)// -af (xof.):
awmyo: gub-um-s//gib-uf-s `xarSavs~, zum-um-s//zim-uf-s
`zomavs~.
kauzativi awmyos fuZes ar eyrdnoba, aramed aoristi-
sas, amitom gvaqvs awmyos kauzativSi:
o-gub-af-am-s//o-gib-af-af-s àxarSvinebs~, o-Tas-af-am-
s//o-Tas-af-af-s àTesvinebs~.
megrulSic asea: uSualo kontaqti wyvetilSi: zimu
`(ga)zoma~, kvaTu `(ga)kveTa~, Wkiru `(ga)Wra~, Wuu `dawva~,
akeTu àkeTa~, xazu `(da)xaza~, xonu `(mo)xna~...
aqedan aoristis kauzativi: o-zim-af-u àzomvina~,
o-kvaT-af-u àkeTebina~, o-xon-af-u àxnevina~...
awmyos kauzativi iwarmoeba wyvetilis kauzativis fu-
Zisgan. -u-an awmyos sufiqsis darTviT; es u+an-is an igive
145
Cans, rac Wanuri -am/af. u risia? albaT, awmyos -un sufiq-
sis niSani? (awmyo: zimun-s `zomavs~, kvaT-un-s `kveTs~).
wyvet. kauzativi: o-kvaT-af-u-an-s àkveTinebs~, o-xon-
af-u-an-s àxvnevinebs~...
kauzativis o- _ -af-s qarTulTan msgavseba aqvs: o
aris Sesatyvisi qarT. a-si (aWrevina, axarSvina, akeTebina...)
qarTulSi awmyos kauzativi iwarmoeba ara awmyos fuZi-
sagan, aramed aoristis kauzativiani fuZisagan, romelsac -eb
daerTvis (=Wan. -am/af, megr. -u-an), ase rom, awmyoSi gamoCe-
nili Wan. -am/af, megr. -an da qarT. -eb erTi odenobaa.
sxvaoba zanursa da qarTuls Soris aoristis kauzati-
vis formaSia, qarTulSi -in (azomvina), rac ucxoa megrul-
WanurisTvis.
k. d.: zanuri sufiqsi af (okvaT-af-u) SeiZleba igive
odenoba iyos, rac qarTuli -ev (xmovnebSi Sesatyvisobaa).
CiqobavaTi: qarT. -in (<un): Zv. acT-un-a>ax. acT-ina.
CiqobavaTi kauzativebia: adgens _ adgina, asmens _ asmi-
na, aWmevs _ aWmia, arbevs _ arbia, oRon maT kauzativis ga-
geba dakarguli aqvTo.
mwkrivTa warmoeba
zmnis uRlebadi formebi jgufdebian garkveuli niSnis

mixedviT. vTqvaT, vwer, wer, wers, vwerT, werT, weren erTi
jgufia Cvens warmodgenaSi, aseve sxva jgufia: vwerdi, wer-
di, werda, vwerdiT, werdiT, werdnen... aseTi 11 jgufi SeiZ-
leba iyos qarTulSi. am jgufebs mwkrivebs eZaxian.
TavianTi, erTi jgufis formebs (mwkrivs) urTierTisa-
gan ganasxvavebs piri da ricxvi, e.i. erTi jgufis (mwkrivis)
formebi erTmaneTisgan pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT ganirCevi-
an. magram ra aqvT maT saerTo (e.i. erTi mwkrivis formebs
ra aerTianebs?). esaa dro da kilo, aseve jeroba, aqti, Ta-
namdevroba. am ucvalebeli nawilebiT (dro, kilo, jeroba...)
gansxvavdeba erTi mwkrivi meorisgan, am ucvalebel nawilebs
146
eZaxian mwkrivis elementebs. am elementebiT upirispirdeba
erTi mwkrivi sxvas.
aris mwkrivi gramatikuli kategoria? aris. yoveli
gramatikuli kategoria yalibdeba sapirispiro formaTa ar-
sebobis safuZvelze. amdenad, erTi uRlebadi jgufi zmnisa,
romelsac mwkrivs vuwodebT, iseT mimarTebaSia danarCeneb-
Tan, rogorc sxva danarCeni pirvelTan. es jgufebi erTgvar
movlenas asaxaven enaSi, erTmaneTs Tanabrad Seezomebian, yve-
las erTi da igive raodenoba aqvs formebisa. mwkrivi rTu-
li kategoriaa da Tavis TavSi Seicavs ramdenime kategorias,
mwkrivis formaSi yovelTvis ganxilulia ramdenime katego-
ria (piri, ricxvi, dro, kilo...), magram mwkrivis elemente-
bis (dro, kilo...) gaigiveba TviT mwkrivTan ara swori. a. Sa-
niZis magaliTi: sinjaraSi, sadac asxia sxvadasxva ferisa da
wonis siTxeebi: wyali, zeTi, romelic ar aireva erTmaneTSi.
mwkrivi _ esaa boTli, wyali da zeTi _ mwkrivis elementebi
(dro, kilo...). rogorc ar SeiZleba boTlis gaTanabreba
wyalTan an zeTTan, miuxedavad imisa, es boTli sawyalea Tu
sazeTe, aseve ar SeiZleba mwkrivis gaTanabreba mis elemen-
tebTan.
mwkrivis saxelebi araa Sesaferi, erT-erT elements
asaxavs, kargi iqneboda neitraluri ram dagverqva, magram es
ar xerxdeba dRes. amitom: Tu mwkrivSi elementTagan mxo-
lod dro da kiloa, TxrobiTkiloian zmnebs drois mixedviT
daerqmeva saxeli, sxva kiloian mwkrivebs _ kilos mixedviT.
Tu mwkrivSi amaT garda sxva elementia, maSin am damatebiTi
elementis mixedviT.
mwkrivebi 3 seriad iyofa formaTa warmoebisa da sin-
taqsur TaviseburebaTa mixedviT. sanam a. SaniZe `mwkrivs~ Se-
moiRebda, manam xmarobda: `wevri~, `rigi~, 1938 wlidan _
`mwkrivi~. 1941 wels specialuri Sroma miuZRvna am sakiTxs
a. SaniZem: Категория ряда в глаголе. Общие вопросы формаоб-
розований глаголов на примерах грузинского языка (enimkis mo-
ambe, X, 1941).
147
zanurSi zmnaTa ganawilebis principi mwkrivebSi igivea,
rac qarTulSi. seria aqac samia. I seriis ZiriTadi mwkrivia
awmyo, II seriisa _ wyvetili.
I seriis mwkrivebi
awmyo: awmyos fuZes wyvetilis fuZesTan SedarebiT ar-

Tulebs Temis niSnebi da savrcobi. yvelaze gavrcelebuli
Temis niSania -um (WanurSi) da -un (megrulSi: -un<-um); Wa-
nuri -um (viw.-arq., aTin.) xofurSi iZleva -uf-s: gorums/go-
rufs èZebs~, kvaTums/kvaTufs `kveTs~, gubums/gibufs `xar-
Savs~, iqums/iqoms/iqifs ìkeTebs, iWams~.
megr.: kvaTuns `kveTs/Wris~, Waruns `wers~, xonuns
`xnavs~...
meore gavrcelebuli Temis niSania _ -am/-af WanurSi, -
an megrulSi:
Wan.: owirams àCvenebs~, mRorafs `bRavis~, orgams/or-
gafs `rgavs~, ofSafs àvsebs~, oRodafs ùkeTebs~, mendio-
nams `waiyvans~...
megr.: Rorans `Rrialebs~, rkians `kivis~, gvargvalans
`TuxTuxebs~, ofunuans àduRebs~, otibuans àTbobs~...
Temis niSnebia -em/-ef WanurSi, -en megrulSi:
Wan. -em/-ef: uwolems èubneba~, iCalaSefs `muSaobs~,
Cxe muxTefs àciebs~.
megr. -en: auCorens àSavebs~, aWiTarens àwiTlebs~,
arigens àrigebs~, aSenens àSenebs~...
megrul-WanurSi Temis niSanTa uniformacia moxda: gaba-
tonda -um (-uf) da -am (WanurSi), -un da -an (megrulSi),
sxvaoba TanxmovnebSia. amaTgan -um (-uf _ -un megr.) modis
*-om-isgan da = qarT. -am Temis niSans, xolo -am (-af _
-an _ megr.) = qarT. -eb-s (Wan. o-rg-am-s `rgavs~ = qarT.
a-keT-eb-s).
qarTulTan SedarebiT, sxvaobas qmnis awmyos I-II pirSi
–q (megr.) da -r (Wan.), romlebic erTmaneTis morfologiuri
korelatebi Canan:
148
megrulSi q yvela zmnas moepoveba awmyos I-II pirSi mx.
ricxvSi, xolo r WanurSi aqvs mxolod vnebiTi da saSuali
gvaris zmnebs I-II pirSi mx. r.-Si.
Wanuri megruli
ptubu-r btib-u-q `vTbebi~
vul-u-r (gi)vu-r-q `davdivar~
bRur-u-r bRur-u-q `vkvdebi~
magram megrulSi: vTasunq, vWarunq, vxonunq.
miuxedavad amisa, megr. q da Wan. r morfologiuri ko-
relatebia, arc erTi araa S2-is niSani.
awmyosgan iwarmoeba: uwyveteli >kavSirebiTi I, pirobi-
Ti I, nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi I (mxolod WanurSia).
uwyveteli zanurSi imave sufiqsiT iwarmoeba, rogorc
qarTulSi, esaa d (od ar icis); romelic ucvleladaa dacu-
li megrulSi, xolo WanurSi -t-s saxiT. I da II pirebSi
orsave ricxvSi boloSi daerTvis ufunqcio i, S3-is niSania
-u (mx. r.) da -es (mr. r.) yovelnair zmnebTan.
Wanuri
ma b-War-um-t-i hea/ ma p-War-uf-t-i ia
si War-um-t-i hea/ si War-uf-t-i ia
hemuq War-um-t-u hea/ emuq War-uf-t-u ia
Cqun b-War-um-t-i-T / Cqin p-War-uf-t-i-T ia
Tqvan War-um-t-i-T / Tqvan War-uf-t-i-T ia
henTefeq War-um-t-es / enTefeq War-uf-t-es ia
megruli
ma v-War-un-d-i Tis `vwerdi~
si War-un-d-i Tis `werdi~
Tina War-un-d-u Tis `werda~
Cqi v-War-un-d-i-T Tis `vwerdiT~
Tqva War-un-d-i-T Tis `werdiT~
Tinefi War-un-d-es Tis `werdnen~
149
aTinurSi iSviaTad t-s gverdiT d da T-c aris: qordu,
qu¹onurTu `hyavda~.
uwyvetlisgan iwarmoeba kavSirebiTi I, pirobiTi I, nauw-
yvetlari I.
kavSirebiTi I: kavSirebiT I-s awarmoebs a sufiqsi meg-
rulsa da WanurSi. es a daerTvis uwyvetlis fuZes, ufun-
qcio i-s gamoyenebiT. es a aris qarTuli e-s kanonzomieri
Sesatyvisi (vwerde `vWarunda~).
Wanuri
ma b-War-um-t-a hea // p-War-uf-t-a ia
si War-um-t-a hea // War-uf-t-a ia
hemuq War-um-t-a-s hea // War-uf-t-a-s ia
Cqun b-War-um-t-a-T hea// p-War-uf-t-a-T ia
Tqvan War-um-t-a-T hea// War-uf-t-a-T ia
henTefeq War-um-t-a-n hea// War-uf-t-a-n ia
megruli
ma v-War-un-d-a Tis `vwerde~
si War-un-d-a Tis `werde~
Tina War-un-d-a-s Tis `werdes~
Cqi v-War-un-d-a-T Tis `vwerdeT~
Tqva War-un-d-a-T Tis `werdeT~
Tinefi War-un-d-a-n(i) Tis `werdnen~
S3-is niSania -s (mx. r.) da an (mr. r.). am -an-is -a

ikargeba kavSirebiTis a-s win: an>n: Warumtan<*Warumtaan.
megrulSi kavSirebiT I-s paraleluri formebic aqvs,
qarTuliviT -e/-ee-Ti nawarmoebi (I-II pirSi mx. ricxvSi):
v-War-un-d-e // v-War-un-d-ee `vwerde~
War-un-d-e // War-un-d-ee `werde~
War-un-d-a-s // War-un-d-a-s `werdes~
mr. ricxvi a-Ti iwarmoeba. es ee/e-iani warmoeba mx.
ricxvis I-II pirebSi Cven qarTulisebur warmoebad migvaCnia.
Ciqobavas azriT ki, es bolo ee/e modis ere-dan `rom~, e.i.
vWarunde = rom vwerde me mas.
150
ere `rom~-is mniSvnelobiT axlacaa svanurSi: ejRa ere
ìmitom rom~.
aRsaniSnavia, rom -ee/-e warmoebis kavSirebiTs natvriTi
elferi dahkravs.
g. kartozia: vWarundaini<vWarundeini>vWarundee>vWarun-
de.
pirobiTi I: es mwkrivi iwarmoeba uwyvetlis fuZisgan -
-kon-is darTviT piris niSnebis Semdeg boloSi. es -kon mo-
dis okon ùnda~ zmnisagan. ase rom, pirobiTi I arsebiTad
aRweriTi formisaa, oRond dRes organul warmoebad Cans:
Wanuri
ma b-War-um-t-i-kon hea `rom vwerde~
si War-um-t-i-kon hea
emuq War-um-t-u-kon hea
Cqun b-War-um-t-i-T-kon hea
Tqvan War-um-t-i-T-kon hea
hemTefeq War-um-t-es-kon hea
megruli
ma v-War-un-d-i-ko(n) `rom vwerde~
si War-un-d-i-ko(n)
Tina War-un-d-u-ko(n)
Cqi v-War-un-d-i-T-i-ko(n)
Tqva War-un-d-i-T-i-ko(n)
Tinefi War-un-d-es-i-ko(n)
Cans, megrulSi ufunqcio i Cndeba mravlobiT ricxvSi

samsave pirSi kon-is win, da n ikargeba absolutur boloSi.
es mwkrivi qarTuls ara aqvs. morfologiuri Tvalsaz-
risiT es mwkrivi arsebiTad emTxveva uwyvetels. pirobiTis
Sinaarsi masSi Seaqvs damxmare zmnas òkon~ (=unda)-s.
nauwyvetlari TurmeobiTi: es mwkrivi mxolod Wanur-
Sia, igi iwarmoeba uwyvetlis fuZeze -ere-s darTviT (asea
xofurSi), an -doren-is darTviT (viwur-arqabulSi).
151
xofuri
ma pWar-uf-t-ere ia `vwerdi Turme~
si War-uf-t-ere ia
hemuq War-uf-t-ere-n ia
Cqun pWar-uf-t-ere-T ia
Tqvan War-uf-t-ere-T ia
henTefeq War-uf-t-ere-n-an ia
viwur-arqabuli
ma bWar-um-t-i-doren hea `vwerde Turme~
si War-um-t-i-doren hea
hemuq War-um-t-u-doren hea
Cqun bWar-um-t-i-T-doren hea
Tqvan War-um-t-i-T-doren hea)
henTefeq War-um-t-es-doren hea
S3 niSania -n (mx. r.) da -an (mr. r.). sxvaoba marto ma-

warmoeblebSi rodia xofursa da viwur-arqabulSi. aris
sxvac: ère~ infiqsiviTaa formaSi, S3-is niSani Semdegaa, ase-
vea T-c. `doren~ ki formis absolutur boloSia.
II seriis mwkrivebi
II seriis formaTaTvis mTavaria wyvetilis mwkrivi. esaa

sayrdeni danarCeni mwkrivebis sawarmoeblad. Temis niSnebi,
rogorc wesi, am mwkrivsa da misgan nawarmoeb formebSi ar
gvxvdeba.
wyvetili: am mwkrivs WanurSi mxolod i awarmoebs:
pWari, dopi, vxoni, vZiri, doviguri, e.i. WanurSi uniforma-
ciaa momxdari.
megrulSi ki wyvtils ori mawarmoebeli aqvs (qarTu-
liviT): i da e:
i: fxanti, bWari, miponi, midvoCqvi, bgari, Wkomi, pkiT-
xi...
152
e: vogure, vrkie, vraqvae, bRvare, vocqve, voWarafe, vo-
ragade, vorCqie. voxonafe, vorCqiafe... e.i. e-Ti iwarmoeba ka-
uzativis formebi.
S3-is niSania -u (mx.r.) da -es (mr.r.)
megruli
pWari `vwere~ vocqve `vaqe~ voxonafe `vaxnevine~
Wari `were~ ocqve àqe~ oxonafe àxnevine~
Waru `wera~ ocq(v)u àqo~ oxonafu àxnevina~
pWariT `vwereT~ vocqveT `vaqeT~ voxonafeT `vaxnevineT~
WariT `wereT~ ocqveT àqeT~ oxonafeT àxnevineT~
Wares `weres~ ocqves àqes~ oxonafes àxnevines~
wyvetils eyrdnoba Semdegi mwkrivebi: kavSirebiTi II,

pirobiTi II, nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi I, nawyvetilari Tur-
meobiTi II, nawyvetilari kavSirebiTi III.
kavSirebiTi II-isgan iwarmoeba: myofadi, pirobiTi III.
kavSirebiTi II iwarmoeba wyvetilis fuZisgan (i da e-s
CamoSorebiT) a sufiqsiT, rogorc WanurSi, ise megrulSi.
esaa erTaderTi sufiqsi zanurSi (Ciqobava). magram Cven vfiq-
robT, rom mxedvelobaSi araa miRebuli megrulSi parale-
lurad xmarebuli formebi kavSirebiTi II-isa, romlebic e-Ti
iwarmoebian: (I, II p.) midavrTe `wavide~, midarTe `waxvide~
(mu i¹i midarTeni? `ra iqneba, rom waxvide?~). dovxone `dav-
xna~, dovxaCqe `davToxno~, dopkvaTe `davWra~ da sxva. es pa-
raleluri formebia, ise, rogorc es gvaqvs kavSirebiT I-Si
(vWrunda/vWrunde).
qarTulSi ki sami mawarmoebelia: e, a, o: e (donian da
uniSno vnebiTebTan): gavSavde, gavwiTlde, gavTbe, gavqre... a
(roca wyvetilSi niSania a an i): davkra, vTqva, davasxa, gav-
Wra, Sevkra... o (i-e-nian vnebiTebTan, gardamaval zmnebTan):
daiweros, daexatos, vaqo, vaZago...
aqedan WanurSi erTia -a, megrulSi -a (ZiriTadi) da -e.
e.i. gansxvavebuli afiqsebi Wanursa da megrulSi araa kavSi-
rebiTi II-is sawarmoeblad.
153
megrul-Wanuri
bWar-a `vwero~ bkvaT-a `vkveTo, vWra~
War-a `wero~ kvaT-a
War-a-s `weros~ kvaT-a-s
bWar-a-T `vweroT~ bkvaT-a-T
War-a-T `weroT~ kvaT-a-T
War-a-n `weon~ kvaT-a-n
S3-is niSania mx.r.-Si -s, mr.r.-Si -an, romlis a ikargeba

xmovanTan (an>n).
megrulis kavSirebiTi II-is paraleluri eniani forma
pirnaklia, sakuTari warmoeba ara aqvs III piris arcerT
ricxvSi, agreTve mravlobiTi ricxvis I-II pirebSic, e.i. ase-
Ti warmoeba gvaqvs mxolod mxolobiTi ricxvis I da II pi-
rebSi.
bWar-e bWar-a-T
War-e War-a-T
War-a-s War-a-n
e.i. mxolobiTi ricxvi, I-II pirebs garda, sxvagan a-nian war-
moebas mimarTavs.
pirobiTi II: am mwkrivis mawarmoebelia igive, rac pi-
robiTi I-isa, -kon (<okon ùnda~), oRond aq es mawarmoebe-
li daerTvis wyvetilis formas. sxvaoba isaa, rom megrulSi
kon kargavs n-s (ko), Tu mas xmovani ar mosdevs. mravlobiT
ricxvSi ko(n)-is win megrulSi i (TanxmovanTgasayari) Cnde-
ba.
Wanuri megruli
bkvaT-i-kon vkvaT-i-ko(n) ùnda gamekveTa, dameWra~
kvaT-i-kon kvaT-i-ko(n)
kvaT-u-kon kvaT-u-ko(n)
bkvaT-i-T-kon vkvaT-i-T-i-ko(n)
kvaT-i-T-kon kvaT-i-T-i-ko(n)
kvaT-es-kon kvaT-es-i-ko(n)
154
wyvetilisgan iwarmoeba TurmeobiTi I, TurmeobiTi II,
kavSirebiTi III WanurSi, megrulSi ki sxvanairad. magram, sa-
nam III seriis warmoebaze gadavidodeT, SevexoT II seriis
formebze dayrdnobil warmoebas. rogorc aRvniSneT, kavSire-
biT II-isgan iwarmoeba: myofadi da pirobiTi III.
myofadi iwarmoeba kavSirebiTi II-sgan sxvadasxvagvarad
WanurSi (megrulSi ki qarTulisebria, preverbebi awarmoebs
awmyosgan): xofurSi kavSirebiTi II-is formas daerTvis meS-
veli zmna minon (minda), aqedan CxalurSi unon (unda) aris
gatarebuli yvela pirSi, xolo viwur-arqabulsa da aTinur-
Si _ ere/re/e.
xofuri Cxaluri viwur-arqabuli,

aTinuri
vkvaT-a-minon vkvaT-a-unon bkvaT-a-re
`vkveTo minda~
kvaT-a-ginon kvaT-a-unon kvaT-a-re
`kveTo ginda~
kvaT-a-s-unon kvaT-a-s-unon kvaT-a-s-ere // kvaT-a-s-e
`kveTos unda~
vkvaT-a-minonan vkvaT-a-T-unon bkvaT-a-T-ere // bkvaT-a-T-e
kvaT-a-ginonan kvaT-a-T-unon kvaT-a-T-ere // kvaT-a-T-e
kvaT-a-s-unonan kvaT-an-unon kvaT-an-ere // kvaT-a-n-e
-ere mawarmoebeli modis zmnisagan oren àris~ (n. ma-

ri), ase rom, `bkvaTare~ zusti TargmaniT iqneboda: aris
vWra // aris, rom vWra.
es –ere-a TurmeobiTis mwkrivebTan rom ixmareba xo-
furSi. igive ere-s naSTia gardauval zmnebTan rom gvxvdeba
awmyoSi I-II pirebSi: bRuru-r `vkvdebi~, Ruru-r `kvdebi~,
fsqid-u-r `vrCebi~.
myofadis warmoeba WanurSi zmniswinebiTac xdeba awmyo-
sagan (xSiri araa): va amabuluT oxois àr SemovalT sax-
lSi~, menda-vulur `waval~, domcorufT `gavcriT~, qogebob-
RamT, ewebudgamT, `davyriT, davudgamT win~. megrulSi war-
155
moebis es tipia mxolod: awmyo: vWarunq `vwer~, myofadi:
do-vWarunq `davwer~.
myofadis Wanuriseburi warmoeba ar icis megrulma,
svanurma. a. CiqobavaTi, aseTi warmoeba berZnulis gavlena
unda iyos. salaparako berZnulSi msgavsi warmoeba X sauku-
nidanaa, e. i. amis Semdeg Camoyalibebula aseTi warmoeba Wa-
nurSic: berZnuli: νγρψω ζέ ω (=minda vwero=davwer), II
warmoeba: ζέ ω γρψω `rom vwero minda~(=bWarare). (a. Ciqo-
bava, Wanuri myofadis warmoebisaTvis, saq. mecn. akademiis mo-
ambe, V, #1, 1944).
pirobiTi III: es mwkrivi eyrdnoba kavSirebiT II-s,
oRond dairTavs uwyvetlis t-s. esaa, ase vTqvaT, II nakavSi-
rebiTari uwyveteli, es farTo xmarebis araa, ufro viwur-
arqabulSia, aTinurSic (xofurSi iSviaTia).
bkvaT-a-t-i bkvaT-a-t-i-T `me gavkveTdi, gavWridi mas~

kvaT-a-t-i kvaT-a-t-i-T
kvaT-a-t-u kvaT-a-t-es
pirobiTi III sxvagvaradac iwarmoeba xofurSi, kavSirebiT

II-s emateba `minon~ zmnis uwyvetlis forma: mintu `mindo-
da~, gintu `gindoda~, untu ùndoda~, mintes `gvindoda~,
gintes `gindodaT~, untes ùndodaT~.
vkvaT-a-mintu `kveTa mindoda~... vkvaT-a-mintes `kveTa gvindoda~

kvaT-a-gintu `kveTa gindoda~ kvaT-a-gintes `kveTa gindodaT~
kvaT-a-s-untu/kvaTasintu kvaT-a-s-untes/kvaTa-s-intes
`kveTa undoda~ `kveTa undodaT~
156
III-IV seriis mwkrivebi
III seriis mwkrivebi sxvadasxvanairad iwarmoeba Wanursa
da megrulSi. megruli ufro qarTuls mihyveba (gardamaval
zmnebTan inversia), Wanuri _ ara.
WanurSi II seriis mwkrivebi wyvetils eyrdnoba, gvaqvs
nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi I, TurmeobiTi II, kavSirebiTi III.
am mwkrivTa warmoeba gansxvavebulia Wanuris kilokavebSic:
xofurSi iwarmoeba -ere (I Tur.), -eret (II Turm.), -ereta
(III kavS.) meSveobiT, maSin, roca igive mwkrivi viwur-arqa-
bulsa da aTinurSi iwarmoeba Semdegi sufiqsebiT: -doren, -
dortun, -dortas (I Tur., II Turm., III kavS.).
amis msgavsi warmoeba megrulma srulebiT ar icis.
nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi I
xofuri viwur-arqabuli, aTinuri
ma pkvaT-ere ia ma bkvaT-i-doren hea
`me miWria, mikveTia~
si kvaT-ere ia si kvaT-i-doren hea
emuq kvaT-ere-n ia hemuq kvaT-u-doren hea
Cqin pkvaT-ere-T ia Cqun bkvaT-i-T-doren hea
Tqvan kvaT-ere-T ia Tqvan kvaT-i-T-doren hea
enTefeq kvaT-ere-n-an ia hemTefeq kvaT-es-doren hea
nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi II
ma pkvaT-ere-t-i ia ma pkvaT-i-dortun hea
`mikveTia Turme~
si kvaT-ere-t-i ia si kvaT-i-dortun hea
emuq kvaT-ere-t-u ia hemuq kvaT-u-dortun hea
Cqin pkvaT-ere-t-i-T ia Cqun pkvaT-i-T-dortun hea
Tqvan kvaT-ere-t-i-T ia Tqvan kvaT-i-T-dortun hea
enTefeq kvaT-ere--t-es ia hemTefeq kvaT-es-dortun hea
157
nawyvetilari kavSirebiTi III

ma hkvaT-ere-t-a ia ma pkvaT-i-dortas hea
`me mekveTa Turme~
si kvaT-ere-t-a ia si kvaT-i-dortas hea
emuq kvaT-ere-t-a-s ia hemuq kvaT-u-dortas hea
Cqin hkvaT-ere-t-a-T ia Cqun pkvaT-i-T-dortas hea
Tqvan kvaT-ere-t-a-T ia Tqvan kvaT-i-T-dortas hea
enTefeq kvaT-ere--t-a-s ia hemTefeq kvaT-es-dortas hea
ramdenime SeniSvna mawarmoeblebze:

1) erTi SexedviT, II seriis mwkrivTa mawarmoeblebi
xofursa da viwur-arqabulSi da maTTan SedarebiT aTinurSi
sul sxvadasxva warmomavlobis Cans. aba, sad ere da sad do-
ren. magram es ase araa. orive mawarmoebeli modis meSveli
oren (àris~) zmnisagan: xofurSi mas daukargavs o da n:
oren/ore/re, an ore/ere, xolo aTinursa da viwur-arqabul-
Si am oren zmnas win erTvis do zmniswini, romelic xSirad
megrul qo dadasturebiT nawilaks udris: doren (do+oren).
Sdr. megr.: quwu Wan.: duwu ùTxra~
qoTqu doTqu `Tqva~
qo¹u doyu `gaakeTa~
qomiwi domiwvi `miTxra~
rom ere/re modis òren~ zmnisagan, es pirvelad aRniS-
na n. marma Wanuris gramatikaSi. amis safuZvels mas aZlevda
myofadis warmoebaSi dadasturebuli ere/re (bzumi `vzome~,
zumare `gazomav~, zumasere `gazomavs~...), magram arqabulSi
zumasere-s nacvlad ixmareba `zumasoren~. am ukanasknels
n. mari ase Targmnis: aris rom vzomo "есть, чтобы я мерил".
n. maris axsna sworia. rac myofadis ere-zea naTqvami,
igive odenobaa TurmeobiTis ere-Si da doren-Sic (q. lomTa-
TiZe).
2) Tu wyvetilis fuZe r-s Seicavs xofurSi, Tur-
meobiTis formebSi ere-s win mTeli marcvali el CaerTvis.
158
do-bWar-i `davwere~ (wyvetili), aqedan gvaqvs ara dobWar-
ere `miweria~ (Sdr. bkvaTere `mikveTia~), aramed: dob-
War+el+ere. asea es yvela r fuZian zmnebSi: qodinjir-el-
ere `dawolilxar~, bZir-el-ere `minaxavs~, viZgar-el-ere
`mitiria~.
Ciqobava amis axsnas ar iZleva. -el -er-is variantia,
mimReobis mawarmoebeli? ori ra saWiroa? -el ar iqneba
-er-is varianti da mimReobis mawarmoebeli. ase rom iyos, ma-
Sin igi unda gvqondes sxva zmnebTanac, sadac fuZeSi r araa
(igzaleren `gamgzavrebulan~, kiTxeren `daukiTxavT~, ideren
`wasulan~...)
amis axsnis cda mogvca s. JRentma, romelmac -el fone-
tikur CanarTad cno disimilaciis asacileblad: èl~ su-
fiqsis gareSe gveqneboda: bWar-ere `miweria~, bZir-ere `mina-
xavs~... radgan xofurisTvis damaxasiaTebelia progresuli
disimilacia, ere gadaiqceoda ele-d: bWarele, bZir-ele. Cans,
xofurma morfologiuri elemetis ere-s disimilacia ar mo-
axdina, disimilaciis asacileblad el marcvali CaurTo, ri-
Tac fuZeSi ori r gaaneitrala da disimilacia aicdina
(Sdr. agar-ul-i, magram qarTl-uri).
xofurs ar SeeZlo marto r CaerTo, radgan mas axasia-
Tebs srulxmovnoba. ix.: s. JRenti, Wanur-megrulis foneti-
ka, 1953.
3) WanurSi iSviaTad TurmeobiTis qarTuliseburi ti-
pic (inversiuli) gvxvdeba: miZiramun/miZirun `minaxavs~, giZi-
ramun/giZirun `ginaxavs~, uZiramun/uZirun ùnaxavs~).
4) TurmeobiTis erTi saxea WanurSi: nauwyvetlari
TurmeobiTi (pWaruf-t-ere//pWaruf-t-i-doren `Turme vwer-
di~) _ ix. 148.
megrulSi III seriis warmoeba gansxvavebulia qarTuli-
sagan da Wanurisaganac. megrulma ar icis ere da doren-is
msgavsi warmoeba.
III TurmeobiTis nakvTebs megruli ori gansxvavebuli
principiT awarmoebs:
159
1) qarTuliseburad, inversiiT, wyvetilis fuZeze day-
rdnobiT, esaa nawyvetlari III seriis nakvTebi (mikvaTu ma
Tina `mikveTia me is~, miWkiru `miWria~...). 2) no prefiqsiani
warmoeba, romelic I serias, kerZod, awmyos fuZes eyrdnoba
(novkvaTueq).
wyvetilisgan nawarmoebi III seriis mwkrivebi uxilav
dros gadmoscemen da upirispirdebian II seriis xilul
dros.
I TurmeobiTi
miWkiru `miWria me is~ miWkiruna(n)
giWkiru giWkiruna(n)
uWkiru uWkiruna(n)
II TurmeobiTi
miWkirudu `meWra~ miWkirudes
giWkirudu giWkirudes
uWkirudu uWkirudes
III kavSirebiTi
miWkirudas `meWras~ miWkirudan(i)
giWkirudas giWkirudan(i)
uWkirudas uWkirudan(i)
III pirobiTi
miWkirudukon ùnda dameWra~...
I TurmeobiTi erTnairadaa nawarmoebi qarTulsa da meg-

rulSi: orive awmyos inversiuli formaa.
II TurmeobiTiT megruli gansxvavdeba qarTulisagan,
radgan II TurmeobiTi megrulSi iwarmoeba TurmeobiTi I-is-
gan, maSin, roca qarTul TurmeobiT II-s araviTari kavSiri
ara aqvs TurmeobiT I-Tan _ TurmeobiTi II eyrdnoba wyve-
tils.
160
kavSirebiTi III megrulSi eyrdnoba I TurmeobiTis fu-
Zes da emateba kavSirebiTi I-is afiqsebi, qarTulSi ki kavSi-
rebiTi III emyareba kavSirebiTi II-is fuZes.
2) awmyosgan nawarmoebi mwkrivebi specialur litera-
turaSi (g. rogavas mier) gamoyofilia calke seriad, meoTxe
seriis (dro-kiloTa meoTxe jgufis nakvTebad) mwkrivebad:
nopWkirueq (I Turm.) am Sexedulebis mixedviT iqneba Turme-
obiTi III, nopWkiruedi (II Turm.) iqneba TurmeobiTi IV, nop-
Wkirueda (kavS. III) iqneba kavSirebiTi IV, nopWkiruedikon
iqneba pirobiTi IV.
TurmeobiTi I (=TurmeobiTi III):
nopWkirueq `damiWria Turme~ (naWra-var) nopWkirueT
noWkirueq noWkirueT
noWkirue(n) noWkiruena(n)
TurmeobiTi II (=TurmeobiTi IV):

nopWkiruedi `dameWra Turme~ nopWkiruediT
noWkiruedi noWkiruediT
noWkiruedu noWkiruedes
kavSirebiTi III (=kavSirebiTi IV):

nopWkirueda `dameWras Turme~ nopWkiruedaT
noWkirueda noWkiruedaT
noWkiruedas noWkiruedan
aris safuZveli, rom no-Ti nawarmoebi mwkrivebi calke

warmoebis IV seriisad vcnoT:
1) gardamavali zmna awmyosgan nawarmoeb no-ian formeb-
Si nominatiuri konstruqciisaa: koCi noWkirue xorcis `kaci
Wrida Turme xorcs~, maSin, roca wyvetilisgan nawarmoeb III
seriis mwkrivebSi datiuri konstruqciaa: kos duWkiru xor-
ci `kacs dauWria xorci~.
2) istoriulad isini sxvadasxva drois warmonaqmnebia
(no-iani formebi axalia).
161
3) xilul da uxilav mwkrivTa Soris aseTi mimarTebaa:
zmnebi, romelTac xilul dro-kiloebSi moepovebaT orive (I
da II) jgufis nakvTebi, uxilav dro-kiloebSi aqvT Sesabami-
sad orive (III da IV) jgufis nakvTebi.
xiluli drois mwkrivebi uxilavi drois mwkrivebi

(I seria) (IV seria)
awmyo TurmeobiTi III
vWkirunq `vWri~ novWkirueq `miWria Turme~
virduuq `vizrdebi~ novrdueq `mizrdia Turme~
vragadanq `vlaparakob~ novragadueq `milaparakia Turme~
uwyveteli TurmeobiTi IV
vWkirundi `vWridi~ novWkiruedi
virduudi `vizrdebodi~ novrduedi
vragadandi `vlaparakobdi~ novragaduedi
kavSirebiTi I kavSirebiTi IV
vWkirunda `vWride~ novWkirueda
virduuda `vizrdebode~ novrdueda
vragadanda `vlaparakobde~ novragadueda
pirobiTi I pirobiTi IV
vWkirundikon `rom vWridi~ novWkiruediko(n)
virduudikon `rom vizrde- novrduedikon
bodi~
xiluli drois mwkrivebi uxilavi drois mwkrivebi

(II seria) (III seria)
wyvetili TurmeobiTi I
vWkiri `vWeri~ miWkiru `miWria~
virdi `(ga)vizarde~ vrdeleq `gazrdilvar~
kavSirebiTi II TurmeobiTi II
vWkira èWra~ miWkirudu `(ga)meWra~
virda `(ga)vizardo~ vrdeledi `gavzrdiliyavi~
pirobiTi II pirobiTi III
vWkiriko(n) `rom meWra~ miWkirudukon `rom (ga)meWra~
virdikon `rom gavzrdiliyavi~ vrdeledikon `rom gavzrdiliyavi~
162
4) zmnebs, romlebsac xilul droSi mxolod I seriis
mwkrivebi aqvT, uxilav droSi mxolod maTi Sesabamisi Tur-
meobiTis, e.i. no prefiqsiani (IV seriis) mwkrivebi aqvT:
awmyo: uCqu _ icis TurmeobiTi III: noCqve

¹uns _ hyavs... no¹ve
uwyveteli: uCqudu TurmeobiTi IV: noCqvedu
¹undu no¹vedu
kavSirebiTi I: uCqudas kavSirebiTi IV: noCqvedas
¹undas no¹vedas
pirobiTi I: uCqudukon pirobiTi IV: noCqveduko(n)
¹undukon no¹venduko(n)
aseTia statikuri zmnebi ZiriTadad: ¹uns _ no¹ve,

lurs _ nolurue, aWu _ noWue, ¹umens _ no¹umenue,
mikoCans _ miknoCe `sxmevia~.
gamonaklisia òre~ zmna, romelsac ara aqvs saTanado
mwkrivebi uxilav droSi.
5) zmnebs, romelTac xilul dro-kiloebSi mxolod II
seriis mwkrivebi aqvT, uxilav droebSi mxolod maTi Sesaba-
misi wyvetilis TurmeobiTebis (III s.) mwkrivebi aqvT.
xiluli dro uxilavi dro
(II seria) (III seria)
wyvetili: midarTu `wavida~ _ TurmeobiTi I: midurTumu
TurmeobiTi II: midurTumudu
kavSirebiTi II: midarTas _ kavSirebiTi III: midurTumudas
`midarTu~-s I seriaSi potencialisis forma moepoveba:

midaarTe, midaarTedu, midaarTedas, midaarTedukon. radgan es
I seriisaa, mas uxilav droSi Sesabamisi mwkrivebi (no-) gaaC-
nia: midnorTumue, midnorTumuedu, midnorTumuedas, midnor-
Tumuedukon.
163
6) agebulebiT IV seriis formebi aRweriTi xasiaTisaa:
no _ u afiqsebiT nawarmoeb mimReobas daerTvis òren~ meS-
veli zmna: no-Wkir-u(n) _ no-Wkir-u-(o)re(n)
no prefiqsi megrul mimReobebSi SezRuda qarTulidan
SeTvisebulma na-m: na-Wara `naweri~, na-ragada `naTqvami~, na-
rCqila `nasmeni~...
Semonaxulia no prefiqsianebic: no-kveTi `nakveTi~, no-
Wveri `nawvavi~, no-Sqveri `naxSiri~ (ars. saxelia axla).
u sufiqsi ki igivea, rac Wanuri masdaris u: oWaru
`wera~, oxaCqu `Tesva~. mi-War-u-(n) da no-p-War-u-e-q.
7) sxvaoba III da IV seriis formebs Soris pirSicaa:
III seriaSi sampiriani zmna orpiriani xdeba: uWaruns Tina
Tis Tis ùwers is mas mas~ _ Tur. I: douWaru Tis Tina
(TiSa) `dauweria mas is (misTvis)~, magram IV seriaSi sampi-
rianoba daculia: noWarue Tina Tis Tis `swerda Turme is
mas mas~.
a) aRsaniSnavia, rom zmnis forma IV seriaSi erTnairia
absolutur da relatiur formaTaTvis.
absoluturi (I pirobiTi): ityobî ìmaleba~
TurmeobiTi III: notyobinue `damalula~
relatiuri (II pirobiTi): atyobî èmaleba~
TurmeobiTi IV: notyobinue `damalula Turme~
aseve saziaro formebi aqvT IV seriaSi moqmedebiT, vne-
biT da saSualo gvaris zmnebs:
noxaSuedu = 1) is xarSavda Turme mas, 2) is ixarSe-
boda Turme (vnebiTi)
awmyos TurmeobiTis nakveTebi (IV seria) ar icis aR-
mosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebma, igi gvxvdeba dasavleT
dialeqtebSi: imerulSi, raWul-leCxumurSi: i biWs nayvareba
i gogo; monavala da monaqona racxa; leqsebsac nawera; ba-
zarSi ganareba; fuls naxarjava...
agebulebiT eseni erTia: nawera (<*na-wer+ars), Sdr.
noWarue(n) < *noWar-u-ore(n). aseTi warmoeba dasavlur ki-
loebSi megrulis gavlenas miewereba da gviandeli movlenaa,
III seriis Camoyalibebis Semdgomi periodisa. IV seriis for-
164
mebi gurulma, aWarulma ar icis. ratom? mosalodneli ki
iyo. zanizmebi rom aris gurulSi, im droisTvis megrulSi
ar unda yofiliyo no prefiqsiani warmoeba IV seriisa, To-
rem gurulSic darCeboda. aseTi warmoeba gviandelia.
IV seriis Camoyalibeba Sepirobebulia morfologiuri
ganviTarebis Sinagani kanoniT, seriaTa sistemiT: Tu II seri-
is (xilul droebs) formebs gauCndaT uxilav droTa mwkri-
vebi (III seria), aseve unda gasCenodaT I seriis xiluli
drois formebs uxilav droTa mwkrivebi (IV) da gaiCines ki-
dec. aRmosavlur dialeqtebSi ar gaCenila... ratom? unda ki
yofiliyo...
(ix. g. rogava, dro-kiloTa meoTxe jgufis nakvTebi
qarTvelur enebSi: ike, V, 1953).
sawyisi da mimReoba
sawyisi:
WanurSi sawyiss awarmoebs o_u afiqsi: o-War-u `wera~,

o-gub-u `xarSva~, o-kiTx-u `kiTxva~, okvaTu `Wra, kveTa~,
oyvilu `klva~...
o prefiqsi WanurSi ara gvaqvs, Tu zmnas preverbi da-
erTvis da rCeba marto u: mo-gal-u `motana~, me-Cam-u `mice-
ma~, `me-xir-u~ moparva, ge-dval-u `dadeba~, ge-mal-u `Cata-
na~...
n. mari sawyisis mawarmoeblad Tvlida o TavsarTs, xo-
lo bolo u wyvetilis S3 niSani u egona: War-u dawera>o-
Waru. sinamdvileSi S3-is u sxvaa, xolo masdaris u sul
sxva odenobaa, morfologiuri omonimebia mxolod: rogorc
dawera-s (S3) a ar aris sawyisis wera-s a, aseve araa S3-is u
masdaris u.
Wanuri o_u tipis warmoeba iseTia, rogoric qarTuli
sa_a: sa-lmob-a, sa-xareb-a. sxvaoba am tipis waroebaSi isaa,
rom WanurSi masdari wyvetilis fuZisgan iwarmoeba, qar-
TulSi _ awmyosagan.
165
ase rom, prefiqs-sufiqsuri warmoeba WanuriviT unda
hqonoda uZveles qarTuls. WanurSi iSviaTad aris a-Ti na-
warmoebi sawyisebi, rac axali unda iyos SedarebiT. Squrin-a
`SiSi~, Tanaf-a `Teneba~, Tqual-a `Tqma~, mtkoCal-a `srola~,
gekiTxaf-a `mikiTxva~, Tival-a `Tibva~ (n. mari).
aseTi warmoeba WanurSi meoreulia da Sesulia qarTu-
lidan Tu megrulidan.
megrulSi ZiriTadad qarTuliseburi warmoebaa (-a su-
fiqsiani). cxadia, es -a qarTulidanaa Sesuli megrulSi: Wa-
rua `wera~, kvaTua `kveTa~, Wkirua `Wra~, Wkomua `Wama~, mag-
ram raRaa masdaris -a-s rom win uZRvis is u?
raa es u: barg-u-a `marglva~, lax-u-a `galaxva~, Wkir-
u-a `Wra~? a. CiqobavaTi es is u aris, rac Wanur masdarSia
(o-War-u) (ix. saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba qarTvelur
enebSi, 1942, gv. 241). Cven gvgonia, rom megrulSi War-u-a-s
tipis warmoebaSi gamovlenili u ar SeiZleba igive odenoba
iyos, rac masdaris mawarmoebeli u WanurSi. Zneli warmo-
sadgenia, rom adgilobriv mawarmoebel u-s darTvoda Semdeg-
Si nasesxebi a, e.i. gvqondes masdaris mrCobli warmoeba. uf-
ro safiqrebelia, rom megruli u iyos Tematuri niSnis
xmovniTi elementi, -un sufiqsis naSTi. rom asea es, amas is
adasturebs, rom:
1) sawyisSi u sistematurad maSin vlindeba, Tu zmnas
awmyoSi Temis niSnad un aqvs: War-un-s _ Warua, kvaT-un-s _
kvaTua, gor-u-a `Zebna~, bar-u-a `barva~, Wof-u-a `Wera~,
barg-u-a `margvla~ _ Tux-u-a `darTva~, kir-u-a `(Se)kvra~,
sof-u-a `xeTqva~/`(da)xeva~.
2) Tu zmnas Temis niSnad –un ara aqvs, sawyisSic u
ara Cans.
u ara Cans _an Temis niSnianebTan (an>a, xolo es a Se-
erwya masdaris a-s: rki-an-s > rkia (<*rkiaa) `kivili~,
o¹oTans >¹oTama `srola~, ojRonans > jRona `ZRvna~, Ror-
an-s >Rora (<*Roraa) `Rriali~, wi-an-s >wia (<*wiaa) `wi-
vili~.
166
3) masdaris a-s win gamovlenil u-s igive adgili uWi-
ravs, rogoric awmyos mawarmoebel sxva sufiqsebs: af, eb,
of, al.
af: rRv-af-a `yra~, cqv-af-a `qeba~, g-af-a (ogans
àgebs~, fun-af-a _ ofunuans `duReba _ aduRebs~).
eb: (nasesxebia qarTulidan): gauCar-eb-a `gaSaveba~, kin-
eb-a `xelSi daWera~, gaT-eb-a `gaTaveba~.
of: ¹or-of-a (mi¹orofuans) `siyvaruli, yvareba (miyva-
rebs)~, golof-a `gvalva~.
al: rd-u-al-a `zrda~, W-u-al-a `wva~, cqum-al-a `qeba~.
kvaTun-a >kvaTua (wyvetilis formis garCevis mizniT n
daikarga) `kveTa~.
sasubieqto mimReobebSia u: maguruu, moRuruu. es u
igive TemisniSniseuli u aris.
maSasadame, u-c amave sufiqsebis rigs ekuTvnis. megrul-
Si sawyisis daboloebad modis –iri: kiTx-iri `kiTxva~, ¹id-
ir-i `yidva~.
es -ir qarTuli -i-l-is formadaa miCneuli (tir-i-l-i,
tkiv-i-l-i, qux-i-l-i, surv-i-l-i...)
megrulSi aris `pirveladi masdaric~ (qarT. TamaSi,
laparaki, titini, griali, Wriali... eseni moqmedeba-mdgomare-
obis aRmniSvneli pirveladi saxelebia. aqedan iwarmoeba zmna
`TamaSobs, titinebs~): ragadi `laparaki~, kankali, WkirWkini
`Wriali~, bancali... amaT masdaris sufiqsebi ar daerTvis,
e.i. masdari ar ewarmoebaT, radgan Tavidanve es sufiqsebi
SinaarsiT gadmoscemen moqmedeba-mdgomareobas.
megruls daucavs Wanuriseburi warmoebac sawyisisa
o _ u-iani garkveul konstruqciaSi: roca sawyisi 1) ubra-
lo damatebaa (kiTxva: raSi? _ oWkirus oxvaru `WraSi exma-
reba~) 2) miznis garemoebaa (Tandebuliani): o-guraf-u-Sa me-
urs `saswavleblad midis~, osxapu-Sa meurs `sacekvaod mi-
dis~...
167
mimReoba:
WanurSi moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobebs awarmoebs:

m_al-e: m-bon-al-e `mbaneli~, mWale `mkeravi~, mamcqvale
`maqebari~, mabirale `momRerali~, mayvilale `mkvleli~,
mrdale `mzrdeli~, mWkomale `mWameli~, mSumale `msmeli~...
m_u: m-CaliS-u `mkeTebeli~, m-wil-u `mkrefavi~, m-win-u
`mwonavi~, m-qTul-u `mxvneli~, m-xaCq-u `mTesveli~, m-Sum-u
`msmeli~, m-Wkom-u `mWameli~.
vnebiTi gvaris (saSuali gvaris) mimReobas (warsuli
droisa) WanurSi awarmoebs -er: xom-er-i `mSrali~, tibineri
`gamTbari~, ZReri `gamZRari~, doxuneri `damjdari~, mesqiine-
ri `Camqrali~, njieli `mZinare~, xTimeri `wasuli~, rderi
`Camqrali~. -er awarmoebs saerTod warsulis mimReobas
(obieqtis mimReobas): xon-er-i, kiTxeri `wakiTxuli~, Wkome-
ri `SeWmuli~, xaCqeri `daTesili~, Weri `Sekerili~, boneri
`dabanili~, giberi `moxarSuli~, Wveri `Semnari~, qimojeri
`gaTxovili~.
sasubieqto mimReobas (gardauval zmnebTan) awarmoebs
m(a) _ al: ma-mxoron-al-e `mocekvave~, masTerale `moTamaSe~,
mcxontale `mxtunavi~, mamyofalu `mosiyvarule~ (mainkraxe
_ moZvle).
momavali drois mimReoba WanurSi ornairad iwarmoeba:
1) o_al // o_on afiqsebiT (preverbian mimReobebs –o
ara aqvT).
o_al: o-Wkom-al-e `saWmeli~, dol-o-qun-al-e `Casacme-
li~, o-Wkad-al-e `saWedeli~, o-qos-al-e `sacocxe, sagveli~,
o-qaC-al-e `saWerTa dasamagrebeli~. gÁ-o-Tum-al-e `dasaxu-
ravi~.
o_on: o-Sum-on-i `sasmeli~ (~wkari), o-tax-on-i `yana~,
o-nax-on-i `sarecxi~, o-wkim-oni `gasaxsneli, dasaSleli~, o-
wkial-on-i `zari~, `sarekeli~, o-Cil-on-i `sacolianebeli~,
do-rgum-on-i `dasargavi~, gamaConi `gasayidi~ (gasacemi).
2) meore tipi Wanuri myofadis mimReobisa iwarmoeba
sxvagvarad, aRebulia sawyisis naTesaobiTis forma, romelsac
168
zogjer -Seni (=Tva `Tvis~) Tandebuli daerTvis. es tipia
gavrcelebuli dRes WanurSi:
o-xonu-S-i `sakeTebeli~ o-win-u-S-i àsawoni~
o-War-u-S-i `saweri~ o-Wu-S-i `sawvavi, sacxobi~
o-kiTx-u-S-i `sakiTxavi~ o-xTim-u-S-i `wasasvleli~
o-nax-u-S-i `sarecxi~ o-rd-u-S-i `gasazrdeli~
o-gib-u-S-i `saxarSi~ o-gor-u-S-i `saZebari~
ase rom, WanurSi myofadSi paraleluri formebi gvaqvs.
obonale // obonuSi `sabaneli~
oWkomale // oWkomuSi `saWmeli~
oSimoni // oSumuSi `sasmeli~
oCiloni // oCiluSi `dasaqorwinebeli~
onaxoni // onaxuSi `dasarecxi~ da a.S.
myofadis mimReobis funqciiTa naxmari mimarTulebiT
brunvaSi dasmuli sawyisi, romelic mizans gamoxatavs:
igzalu bereS ogoruSa `wavida bavSvis saZebnad~ (=Zv.
qarT.: Zebnad).
mendaxTu mgeiS oyviluSa `wavida mglis mosaklavad~
(=Zv. qarT.: kvlad).
sawyiss aseTi mniSvneloba maSin aqvs, roca igi damoki-
debulia sxva zmnaze (`wavida~...), sxvagan sawyisi mimarTule-
biT brunvaSi mizans ar gadmoscems: muquraS exTimuSa sum
saaTire `mzis amosvlamdis sami saaTia~...
iSviaTad WanurSi saxelobiT brunvaSi mdgari sawyisi
myofadis mimReobis rols asrulebs, aseTebia: doloqunu (=
1. Cacma, 2. Casacmeli), modvalu: kuCxeS ~ `fexsacmeli~,
`fexze Cacma~. moTvalu `daxurva~//`dasaxuravi~.
daskvna: irkveva, rom WanurSi o prefiqsi saerTo ma-
warmoebelia sawyisisa da mimReobisa. magram sawyisSi u pre-
fiqsicaa. mimReobaSic vlindeba es u: 1) moqmedebiTi gvaris
mimReoba: mCaliS-u `mSromeli~, mwin-u `mwonavi~, mSum-u
`msmeli~...
2) mimReobis uaryofiT formebSi: umonW-u ùmwifari~
= `mouwevari~ (monWaferi _ moweuli, mwife). u-gib-u `mou-
xarSavi~, u-nCxvar-u `daucexvavi~, u-njir-u ùZinari~. aseTi
169
u megrulSicaa: uguraf-u ùswavleli~, uTas-u `dauTesavi~,
uZiraf-u ùnaxavi~, unax-u `gaurecxavi~...
es imas niSnavs, rom sawyisisa da mimReobis diferencia-
cia gviandeli movlenaa (Sdr. Zv. qarT. saqme = 1. gasakeTebe-
li, 2. qmna).
megrulSi mimReobis (moq. gv.) mawarmoebelia:
ma_al: ma-War-al-i `mwerali~, maTasali `mTesavi~, maWa-
li `mkeravi~, maxonali `mxvneli~, magorali `maZebari~, maT-
xorali `mTxreli~... es afiqsebi saerToa WanurTan
(m-ban-al-e)
ma_u: ma-Ruru-u `momakvdavi~, ma-goru-u `maZebari~,
ma-guraf-u... (asea Wan. m-Cal-S-u `mSromeli~, mwilu `mkrefa-
vi~). (= qarT. mo_el: momWreli: ma-Wkiru-u).
ma_e: ma-¹id-e `myidveli~, ma-rCqi-e `mxedveli~, ma-jin-e
`mnaxveli~, ma-ra-gad-e `mTqmeli~...
ma_enj: (statikur zmnebTan): ma-r-enj-i `myofi, macxov-
rebeli~, lur-enj-i `mZinare~, gimaxvenj-i `mjdomare, mjdo-
mi~, mart-enji `gamqcevi~ (Zv. q. `mteobari~) (moq. gv. zmneb-
Tan): ma-x-enj-i (<maxiruenji) `mparavi~.
-enj sufiqsi ixmareba namyos mimReobasTanac: narenji
`namyofi~, na-xvenji `najdomi~.
-enj ixmareba myofadis mimReobasTanac: orenji `sayo-
leli, anu rac gyavs~, `saqoneli~, oxvenji `dasajdomi~, or-
cxonji `savarcxeli~.
am sufiqsSi n CanarTia, -ej ki morfologiuri da fo-
netikuri Sesatyvisi qarTuli -ar-isa: (qarT. a = megr.
e: ZarRvi _ jerRvi, moZRvari _ jRveri, tyavi _ tyebi...)
qarT. r. = megr. j: ceri _ Canji, wveri _ wvanji, xari
_ xoji.
e.i. megr. enj (=ej) = qarT. ar: gimar-enj-i / mdgom-ar-
e, lur-enj-i / mZin-ar-e...
(ix. v. Tofuria, enj sufiqsi megrulSi: enimkis moambe,
I, 1937).
warsuli drois mimReobas megrulSi awarmoebs -il
(<-ir): War-il-i `werili~, guraf-il-i `naswavli~, naxv-il-
170
i/rCx-il-i `garecxili~, goWiTinaf-il-i `gawiTlebuli~,
xon-ir-i `moxnuli~, Tas-ir-i `daTesili~, bum-ir-i `bmuli~...
-el (<er): Sqvid-el-i // Sqvid-er-i `mxrCvali~, gojog-
er-i `moZulebuli~, rZR-el-i `maZRari~, Rur-el-i `mkvdari~,
donjir-el-i `dawolili~, edgin-el-i àmdgari~.
na: na-rZRefi `naZRomi~, na-Sqvidefi `naxrCobi~, na-¹oTe-
mi `nasroli~.
na_a: na-War-a `naweri~, na-xon-a `naxnavi~, na-Tas-a `na-
Tesi~, na-barg-a `namargli~, na-rCqi-a `nasmeni~...
-ul (nasesxebia qarTulidan): Sqiren-ul-i `mSuxi~, da-
badeb-ul-i `dabadebuli~, ¹umen-ul-i `mwyurvali~.
myofadis mimReobas awarmoebs:
o_al (<*do_ar): o-War-al-i `saweri~, o-xon-al-i
`saxnavi~, o-Tas-al-i `saTesi~, o-Wkom-al-i `saWmeli~,
o-¹vil-ar-i `saklavi~, o-rZRaf-al-i `saZRomi~, o-rCx-al-i
`sarecxi~.
o_e: o-xvam-e. o_er: o-xvam-er-i `salocavi~.
o_ur: o-gaf-ur-i `gadasaxadi~, o-sxap-ur-i `sacekvao~
(daniSnulebis saxelebia).
o_enj: o-r-enj-i `sadgomisi~, o-xv-enj-i `sajdomi~
(daniSnulebis saxelebia).
Wanurisebri warmoeba myofadis mimReobis masdaris
formiT (oWaruSi `saweri~) megruls ar axasiaTebs. magram
megrulSi Wanuris msgavsad mimarTulebiT brunvaSi dasmuli
sawyisi = myofadis mimReobas: oxaCquSa, oTasuSa meurs
(Toxnad, Tesvad midis).
qarTulSi aris erTgvari tipi mimReobebisa (myofadisa):
saÃnisi, sadgisi, sagodiri, sagbolisi, sawyisi, ax.qarT.: sak-
marisi, sasmisi, samzadisi...
aseTi warmoeba sa-qm-e tipis warmoebisgan unda modio-
des. sasmisi <*sasmeisi
amis analogiuria megrulSi: o-bir-e-S-i `sa-mRer-is-i~,
o-lenty-e-S-i `sa-gorv-is-i~, o-Wkadu-e-S-i `sa-Wed-is-i~.
171
megrulis es warmoeba igive unda iyos, rac Wanuris
oTasuSi `saTesi~. ase rom, megruli da Wanuri mimReobis
warmoebaSi erTmaneTs didad ar scildebian.
warmoqmna. sityvaTwarmoeba
sityvas ornairi cvlileba moudis: 1) fleqsia anu mi-

moxra (bruneba) 2) derivacia anu warmoqmna. brunebisas miRe-
buli formebi erTia leqsikurad da gansxvavebulia gramati-
kulad. warmoqmniT miRebuli formebi ki gansxvavebulia leq-
sikurad. saxeli, romlisagan sxva saxelia nawarmoebi, aris
Zireuli, xolo misgan sxva SinaarsiT gakeTebuli saxeli _
warmoqmnili. xSirad warmoqmnili saxeli sxva metyvelebis
nawilia, vidre Zireuli.
Sinaarsis mixedviT warmoqmnili saxelebi jgufdeba: ge-
ografiuli, warmomavlobis, qonebis, uqonlobis, daniSnule-
bis, kninobiTobis, xelobis, wina viTarebis, abstraqtulobis.
geografiul saxelebs awarmoebs:
-eT: Wan.: kostan-eT-i, maqr-eT-i, hanWur-eT-i.
megr.: sergi-eT-i
-aT: Wan.: meli-aT-i, dudnev-aT-i, maman-aT-i;
megr.: abed-aT-i, sergi-aT-i, jum-aT-i (guriaSi),
sefi-aT-i.
le_e: (nasesxebia svanuridan): le-xaindr-e, le-ZaZam-e,
le-foCxu-e, le-siWin-e.
na_o: na-jaxav-o, na-xarebav-o, na-gvazav-o, na-geberav-o.
no_(en): no-jix-en-i, no-qalaq-en-i...
sa_o: (qarTulidanaa!): sa-lipartian-o, sa-joli-o.
warmomavlobis saxelebi:
-ur: banZ-ur-i, sarf-ur-i/sarf-ul-i, zugdid-ur-i (= 1. zug-
diduri 2. zugdideli).
-ar: banZ-ar-efi, zugdid-ar-ef-i... odiS-ar-i, marg-ar-i/marg-
al-i... aWar-ar-i (>aWarali, aWareli)...
172
-li: (Turqulidan nasesxebi): aTin-a-li àTineli~, baTum-li
`baTumeli~ (n. marTan).
qonebis saxelebi:
-on: jum-on-i `mariliani~, Seqer-on-i `Saqriani~, nost-on-i
`gemrieli~, arTol-on-i `calTvala~
-on megrulSic unda yofiliyo: gvimar-on-i `gvimrnari~, Wu-
bur-on-a `wablnari~, qval-on-i `qviani, qvavnari~ (Sdr.
qarTulSi: tirif-on-a. sufiqsi Wanuria).
(ix. a. Ciqobava, -on sufiqsi megrulSi, tfilisis sax.
un-is moambe, VI, 1926).
-iar: nos-iar-i `Wkviani~, Tomal-»ar-i `Tmiani~ // Tom-on-i.
-am (megrulSia = ian): Tom-am-i `Tmiani~, Wku-am-i `Wkviani,
Wkuiani~, far-am-i `fuliani~, baRan-am-i `bavSviani~...
daniSnulebis saxelebi:
o_e: o-qoTum-e/oqoTome `saqme~, o-Rej-e `saRore~, o-gvaj-e
`sabudari~, o-cxen-e `sacxene~.
kninobiTi saxelebi:
-a//ia: baba-i-a, nana-i-a, ortvini-a, Tamuri-a Тамарочка
-xu: xe-xu `ручка~, `xel-uk-a~.
-ot: lak-ot-i `lekvi~ (Wan.)
abstraqtuli saxelebi:
-ala: boS-ala `biWoba~, xenwif-ala `xelmwifoba~;
-ana: koC-ana `kacoba~;
-oba (qarT.) baRan-oba `bavSvoba~, vaJkac-oba, jimal-oba `Zmo-
ba~, jgir-obua `sikeTe, kargoba~, Rej-oba `Roroba~.
nawarmoebi zedsarTavi saxelebi:

-ian: ase-ian-i àxlandeli~, woxo-ian-i `winandeli~, Taq-ian-i
àqauri~, gemo-ian-i>gemuani `gemrieli~;
-ni: Tudo-ni `qveda~, Jido-ni `zeda~, woxole-ni `wina~;
-Ci: ¹in-Ci (¹ini `yinuli~, `mkacri, civi~);
173
-er: goRan-er-i `guSindeli~, gowon-er-i `SarSandeli~, Ru-
man-er-i `wuxandeli~;
-ar: amdR-ar-i `dRevandeli~.
uqonlobis saxeli:
u_e: u-Rnos-e, meg. u-Wku-e ùWkuo~, u-dud-e ùTavo~,
u-osur-e ùcolo~;
u-: u-Ca Savi = ùTeTro~, ¹ur-u ùyuro~.
-ga (megrulSi): tvin-ga ùtvino~, ¹un-ga `yru~, nir-ga ùz-
rdeli~, xan-ga `giJi~. es ga sufiqsi nasesxebia meg-
rulSiAafxazur-ubixur-adiReuri enebidan, radganac ga
gamoxatavs: nakls, arqonas: adiReuri: koaWa `Rone~,
koaWa-ga ùRono~. xanga afxazuridanaa nasesxebi: `xa~
Tavi, `ga~ _ u, e.i. uTavo>giJi. Aase rom, tvinga _ ut-
vino, ¹unga _ uyuro. magram ver xerxdeba Zireuli
mniSvnelobis mikvleva: buga, Cviga, nirga, luga (g. ro-
gava, afxazur-ubixur-adiReuri ga- sufiqsi megrulSi,
saq. mec. ak. moambe, III, 6, 1942.)
Toli-ge, RoronTi-ge `RmerTmani~, raa -ge?

RoronTige< RoronTgie. senakurSi: Rorondgie (asimi-
laciiT). `gie~ = Tavze Semovleba locvisas, e. i. Tavze Se-
moivle RmerTi. megr.: RoronTgie, qoTqvi marTai. `Tu Rmer-
Ti gwams (aba, RmerTi Semoivle Tavze), Tqvi marTali!~ ami-
tom xom araa, rom am formas _ `RoronTgie~ ufro msmeneli
xmarobs mosaubris mimarT?
RoronTu-me `RmerTmani~. xom araa aq qarTuli `me~
nacvalsaxeli odindeli, diferenciaciamdeli megrulSi?
Sdr. qarT. Wiri-me /oRond: megr.: Wirima. Tu qarT. me =
megr. ma, aq ratom araa? RmrTis saxeli rom iyo, imitom
xom ar epyrobodnen krZalviT da Seinaxes ucvlelad?
u albaT m-s mezoblobaSia gaCenili i-sgan (Sdr. i. yif-
SiZe, 018)
-ge calke aris? TiTqos aris: ge-Sa: sqani geSa ina di-
di re `SenTan SedarebiT is didia~. geSa mimarTulebiTi
174
brunvis formaa, amitomaa, rom mas Tandebuli x/xi daerTvis.
sqan geSax ina qversemi re~ (ge-Sa-x) `SenTan SedarebiT is
uzarmazari aris~.
ge Ziri albaT gadmoscemda `Sedareba~/ `msgavseba~-s.Ees
ge igive gu `hgavs~ aris? _ Tolige `Tvalsadaro~, Surige
`sulsadaro~.
175
nana danelia, inga dundua
megrulis
praqtikuli kursi
I.
CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: es – ena//Tena//aTena
is – ina//Tina//eTina
kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi: vin? – mi(n)?, ra?_ mu?
mu re Tena? -_ ra aris es?
- Tena re oTaxi/u. // Tena oTax(i) re.

- es aris oTaxi. // es oTaxia.
- Tena re saTi. // Tena saT(i) re.

- es aris saaTi. // es saaTia.
- Tena re ¹ude. // Tena ¹ude re.

- es aris saxli. // es saxlia.
mu re Tina? _ ra aris is?
- Tina re suraTi. // Tina suraTi re.

- is aris suraTi. // is suraTia.
- Tina re ja. // Tina ja re.

- is aris xe. // is xea.
- Tina re Cai. // Tina Cai re.
- is aris Cai. // is Caia.
176
mi(n) re Tena? _ vin aris es?
- Tena re ZRabi. // Tena ZRabi re.

- es aris gogo. // es gogoa.
- Tena re dida(nana). // Tena dida(nana) re.

- es aris deda. // es dedaa.
- Tena re bebi//dadi. // Tena bebi//dadi re.

- es aris bebia. // es bebiaa.
mi(n) re Tina? _ vin aris is?
- Tina re baRana. // Tina baRana re.

- is aris bavSvi. // is bavSvia.
- Tina re muma. // Tina muma re.

- is aris mama. // is mamaa.
- Tina re babu. // Tina babu re.
- is aris babua. // is babuaa.
axali sityvebi:
ojaxi:
dida – deda mami – mamida

muma – mama jimasqua//jimaskua – ZmisSvili
bebi – bebia dasqua//daskua – disSvili
babu – babua baRana – bavSvi
jima – Zma squa//skua – Svili
da – da moTa – SviliSvili
cirasqua - qaliSvili bico – bicola
Cili//osuri – coli biZisqua//biZiskua – biZaSvili
osuri _ qali mamdasqua//mamdaskua – mamidaSvili
qomonji – qmari deidasqua//deidaskua – deidaSvili
dei – deida
177
II.
piris nacvalsaxelebia:
ma _ me
si _ Sen
mu _ is `TviTon~ (xSirad mesame piris aRsaniSnavad ixmareba
CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi es da is: ena, ina//Tena, Tina//
aTena, eTina)
Cq¸//Cqi _ Cven
Tqva _ Tqven
munefi (`TviTon~ isini) / Tinefi – isini
ma voreq me var
si (o)req Sen xar
mu /Tina (o)re(n) is aris
Cq¸ voreT Cven
varT
Tqva (o)reT Tqven xarT
munefi /Tinefi (o)rena(n) isini arian
ma vavoreq me ar(a) var

si vareq Sen ar(a) xar
mu /Tina vare(n) is ar aris
Cq¸ vavoreT Cven
ar(a) varT
Tqva vareT Tqven ar(a) xarT
munefi / Tinefi varena(n) isini ar arian
waikiTxeT winadadebebi:
a ¹ude. Tena re stoli. Tina re skami. a wingi, rveu-

li//tetradi do kalami//pero. a gazeTefi. Tena oze re. Tena
jalefi re. ma cira voreq. si baRana req. mu koCi re. Cq¸
178
osurkaTa//osurefi voreT. Tqva qomolkaTa//qomolefi reT.
Tinefi boSefi rena.
axali sityvebi:
a – ai wingi//wigni – wigni
ZRabi – gogo do – da (kavSiri)
¹ude – saxli oze – ezo
stoli//sToli (стол) – magida ja _ xe
tetradi (тетрадь) – rveuli
megrulSi mravlobiTis niSania – ef(=qarTul – eb-s).
koCi (kaci) koC-ef-i

osuri (qali) osur-ef-i
boSi (biWi) boS-ef-i
¹ude (saxli) ¹ude-ef-i / ¹ud-ef-i
katu (kata) katu-ef-i
qorTu (qarTveli) qorTu-ef-i
Tu arsebiTi saxeli a-ze mTavrdeba da ukvecelia, maSin is

mravlobiTSi –ef- niSnis win CairTavs l-s
jima (Zma) jimal-ef-i

da (da) dal-ef-i
bJa (mze) bJal-ef-i
dida (deda) didal-ef-i//did-ef-i
muma (mama) mumal-ef-i//mum-ef-i
(f)ska (futkari) (f)skal-ef-i
¹a (toti) ¹al-ef-i
dRa (dRe) dRal-ef-i
ja (xe) jal-ef-i
Txa (Txa) Txal-ef-i
Zga (kide) Zgal-ef-i
skua//squa (Svili) skual-ef-i//squal-ef-i
179
moTa (SviliSvili) moTal-ef-i
tya ( tye) tyal-ef-i
wka (kurka) wkal-ef-i
am wesidan gamonaklisia ramdenime sityva, romelic bolo
xmovans ikvecs:
cira (qaliSvili) cir-ef-i
baRana (bavSvi) baRan-ef-i
kaba (kaba) kab-ef-i
Tuma//Toma (Tma) Tum-ef-i//Tom-ef-i
warmomavlobis sufiqsebia: ur(//ul) da ar(//al):
zug(d)id-ur-i (1. zugdiduri, 2. zugdideli)
zug(d)id-ar-i (= zugdideli)
quTeS-ur-i (1. quTaisuri, 2. quTaiseli)
quTeS-ar-i (= quTaiseli)
sofel-ur-i (1. sofluri, 2. sofleli)
sofel-ar-i (= sofleli)
Sdr: opiz-ar-i, olTis-ar-i
sarf-ur/(ul)-i (= 1. sarfuli, 2. sarfeli)
sarf-ar/(al)-i (= sarfeli)
mi(n)? _ vin?
- mi(n) voreq ma? - ma voreq nana.
- mi(n) req si? - si req giorgi.
- mi(n) re mu/Tina? - mu/Tina re koCi
- mi(n) voreT Cq¸? - Cq¸ voreT osurefi.
- mi(n) reT Tqva? - Tqva reT baRanefi.
- mi(n) rena munefi/Tinefi? - munefi/Tinefi rena
uCitelefi//maswavlebelefi.
- mi(n) re Tena? - Tena re salome
- mi(n) re Tina? - Tina re mezobeli//meZobeli.
- vin var me? - me var nana.
- vin xar Sen? - Sen xar giorgi.
- vin aris is? - is aris kaci.
- vin varT Cven? - Cven varT qalebi.
- vin xarT Tqven? - Tqven xarT bavSvebi.
180
- vin arian isini? - isini arian maswavleblebi.
- vin aris es? - es aris salome.
- vin aris is? - is aris mezobeli.
mu? – ra?
- mu re Tena? - Tena re gazeTi.

- Tena gazeT(i) reno? - vari, Tena gazeT(i) va re.
- Tena wing(i) reno? - qo, Tena wing(i) re.
- Tina stol(i) reno? - vari, Tina stol(i) va re, Tina
skam(i) re.
- eTina bJa reno? - qo, eTina bJa re.
- mi(n) rena Tinefi? - Tinefi studentef(i) rena.
- mi(n) rena Tenefi? - Tenefi boSefi rena.
- mu re Tena//Tenefi? - Tena//Tenefi re gazeTefi.
-Mmu re Tina//Tinefi? - Tena//Tinefi ¹udeefi re.
- ra aris es? - es aris gazeTi.
- es gazeTia? - ara, es gazeTi ar aris.
- es wignia? - diax, es wignia.
- is magidaa? - ara, is magida ar aris, is skamia.
- is mzea? - diax, is mzea.
- vin arian isini? - isini studentebi arian.
- vin arian eseni? - eseni biWebi arian.
- ra aris es//eseni? - es//eseni aris gazeTebi.
- ra aris is//isini? - is//isini saxlebia.
axali sityvebi:
var(i) – ar(a) (uaryofiTi nawilaki)

qo – ki (dadasturebiTi nawilaki)
mezobeli//meZobeli – mezobeli
181
savarjiSoebi:
1. CasviT mravlobiTSi:
stoli ------------------------------ sofeli ------------------------------
skami -----------------------------------baRana --------------------------------
¹ude ---------------------------------- kalami -------------------------------
cira ---------------------------------- oze ------------------------------------
dida ---------------------------------- jima ----------------------------------
ja ------------------------------------- squa ------------------------------------
2. moifiqreT da SeadgineT winadadebebi piris nacvalsaxele-

bis gamoyenebiT:
nimuSi: ma ZRabi voreq.

iswavleT ZiriTadi gamoTqmebi:
gamarjeba!1 gamarjoba!
gomorZgua! gamarjoba!
gogimorZgu//¸ RoronTiq! RmerTma gagimarjos!
jgiro miZiruda!//miZir¸da! kargad menaxe!
jgiro orda(T)! kargad iyavi(T)!
jgiro zojundaT!//zoj¸ndaT! kargad brZandebodeT!
madloberi!//mardieli!//maldoberi! gmadlobT!
q¸mapatiT!//qumapatiiT mapatieT!
muTa uWirs! ara uSavs!//araferi uWirs!
muTuni vauWirs! araferi ar uWirs!
muWo req? rogor(a) xar?
muWo reT? rogor(a) xarT?
muWo zojunT? rogor brZandebiT?
gexari(T)! gaixare(T)!
quggale(T)! Semogevle(T)!
agaSen RoronT¸q!//Roronq!//RoronTiq! agaSena RmerTma!
1
Svilebis Taoba (ZiriTadad mSoblebisac) ukve ambobs qarTul variants:
gamarjoba!
182
maraS dRalefi – kviris dReebi
mara – kvira (msgefsi)
TuTaSxa orSabaTi
TaxaSxa samSabaTi
jumaSxa oTxSabaTi
caSxa xuTSabaTi
obiSxa paraskevi
sabatoni//sabat¸ni SabaTi
JaSxa//JeSxa kvira
TuTalefi // TuTefi – Tveebi

ianari ianvari
frevali Tebervali
marti marti
aprili aprili
meesi//mesi maisi
ivanoba ivnisi
kvirkve//kverkve ivlisi
arguso agvisto
ekenia seqtemberi
g¸ma TuTa oqtomberi
gergeba TuTa//gergoba TuTa noemberi
qirse TuTa dekemberi
weliwadis droebi:
giSuliri//gazarxuli – gazafxuli
zarxuli – zafxuli
damorCili – Semodgoma
zoTonji//zoToni – zamTari
183
daiTvaleT:
1. arTi 11. viTaarTi
2. Jiri//J¸ri 12. viToJiri// viToJ¸ri
3. sumi 13. viTosumi
4. oTxi 14. viTa(a)nTxi
5. xuTi 15. viToxuTi
6. amSvi 16. viTa(a)mSvi
7. SqviTi//SkviTi 17. viToSqviTi
8. bruo//ruo 18. viToruo//viTobruo//viToburvo
9. Cxoro 19. viToCxoro
10. viTi 20. eCi
waikiTxeT dialogebi:
- Tena mu re?
- Tena Cxom(i) re.
- musxi Cxom(i) re Tena?
- Tena re xuT(i) Cxomi.
- amdRa mu dRa re?
- amdRa obiSxa re.
- jgiri,nana, jgiro (o)rda!//(o)rdaT!
- jgiro zojundaT!
- gexari!
gramatika: megrulSi aris cxra brunva.
saxelobiTi brunvis niSani: i an ø
koC-i gur-i (guli)
boS-i cira
ZRab-i ¹ude
Cxom-i (Tevzi) koto (qoTani)
sofel-i katu
waikiTxeT dialogi:
unCaS//uCaS paton(i) – ufrosi! (mamakacs mimarTaven) an:
pateni//pat¸ni//patina//patoni giorgi-
osurpateni//osurpatoni... nana-
- gamarjeba, nana!
- gamarjeba, giorgi pateni!
184
- muWo zojunT?
- jgiro, madloba, Tqva muWo zojunT?
- ma xolo jgiro voreq.
- pateni irakli muWo re?
- muTa uWirs, jgiro.
- baRanefi muWo rena?
- baRanefi, RoronTiSiT, jgiro rena.
- jgiro zojundaT, osurpateni!
- jgiro ordaT!
ma jgiro voreq.
si jgiro req.
mu /Tina jgiro re.
Cq¸ jgiro voreT.
Tqva jgiro reT.
munefi /Tinefi jgiro rena.
ma jgiro vavoreq // ma vavoreq jgiro.
megruls wodebiTi brunva ara aqvs, mis nacvlad saxe-
lobiTs iyenebs. mimarTvis gasaZliereblad (gamosakveTad)
zogjer saxels win urTavs vo//o Sorisdebuls:
sax. wod.
cira - cira!//(v)o cira! – qaliSvilo!
boSi - boSi!//(v)o boSi! – biWo!
osuri - osuri!//(v)o osuri! – qalo!
gamonaklisia Tavazianobis gamomxatveli mimarTvebi:
pateni - pateni! – batono!
iswavleT frazebi:
qigegio? _ gaige?
qigebgi! _ gavige!
vegebgi//vagmaginu! – ver gavige!
dozojiT!//qudozojiT! – dabrZandiT!
mozojiT! – mobrZandiT!
gamnozojiT! – SemobrZandiT!
gemnozojiT! – SebrZandiT!
minozojiT! – SebrZandiT!
mezojiT! – wabrZandiT!//mibrZandiT!
185
III.
kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi:
miSi? _ visi?
Cqimi – Cemi Cqini//Cq¸ni – Cveni
sqani//skani – Seni Tqvani – Tqveni
muSi – misi munefiSi – maTi
aTeSi//TeSi//eSi – amisi aTenefiSi//TenefiSi//enefiSi – amaTi
eTiSi//TiSi//iSi – imisi eTinefiSi//TinefiSi//inefiSi – imaTi
Cqimi jima, jimalefi.

skani//sqani wingi, wingefi.
muSi sumka, sumkefi.
aTeSi//TeSi//eSi osuri, osurefi.
Cqini//Cq¸ni baRana, baRanefi.
Tqvani rveuli, rveulefi.
munefiS mezobeli, mezobelefi //
meZobeli, meZobelefi.
aTenefiS//TinefiSi da, dalefi.
Tena re Cqim(i) rveuli // Tena Cqim(i) rveuli re.

es aris Cemi rveuli // es Cemi rveulia.
Te rveuli re Cqimi // Te rveuli Cqim(i) re.

es rveuli aris Cemi // es rveuli Cemia.
Tenefi Cqim(i) rveulefi re.

eseni Cemi rveulebia.
Tina re muSi gazeTi // Tina muSi gazeTi re.

is aris misi gazeTi // is misi gazeTia.
Tina re Cqini studenti.

is aris Cveni studenti.
Tinefi rena Cqin(i) studentefi.

isini arian Cveni studentebi.
186
Tena re Tqvani ¹ude.
es aris Tqveni saxli.
Tenefi Tqvani ¹udeefi re.

eseni Tqveni saxlebia.
Tina re Tqvani jima.

is aris Tqveni Zma.
Tinefi rena Tqvani jimalefi.
isini arian Tqveni Zmebi.
Tina re munefiS OoTaxi.

is aris maTi (TavianTi) oTaxi.
Tina re munefiS afxanagi//afxanaki//amxanagi.
is aris maTi megobari/amxanagi.
Tinefi rena munefiS afxanagefi//afxanakefi//amxanagebi.
isini arian maTi megobrebi/amxanagebi.
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- gamarjeba sqani!
- goimorZg¸ RoronT¸q!
- muWo reT?
- jgiro, madloba, Tqva muWo reT?
- Cq¸ xolo muTa miWira, RoronTiS WyolofuaT.
- Tena miS baRana re?
- Tena Cqim(i) jimasqua re.
- Tena miS cira re?
- Tena Cqim(i) squa re.
- jgiri, jgiro (o)rda!
- jgiro!
187
Cqimi saxeli re maia.
sqani saxeli re giorgi.
TiS saxeli re nika.
Cqimi gvari re Sengelia.
sqani gvari re baraTaSvili (sakuTriv megrulad:
baraTasqua//skua).
TiSi gvari re darCia.
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- mu re sqani saxeli?
- nino.
- nino, mi re Tena?
- Tena Cqimi afxanagi//afxanaki re.
- mi re Tina?
- Tina sqan(i) uCiteli re.
- mi rena Tinefi?
- Tinefi Cqimi//Cqini mowafeefi rena.
- mu re Tena?
- Tena muS// munefiS rveuli//tetradi re.
- mu re Tina?
- Tina Cqimi kalami//pero re.
- miSi wingi re Tena?
- Tena Cqimi wingi re.
- miSi gazeTi re Tina?
- Tina sqani gazeTi re.
- miSi re Te Cai?
- Te Cai Cqimi va re, Tena sqani re.
naTesaobiTi brunvis niSania TanxmovanfuZianebTan: -iS, -iS+i
(koC-iS jima. miSi? koC-iS-i), xmovanfuZianefTan: -S, -S+i
(jima-S osuri. miSi? jima-Si)
- miSi wingi re Tena?
- Tena boSi-S(i) wingi re. // Te wingi boSi-Si re.
- Tena cira-S(i) wingi re. // Te wingi cira-Si re.
- Tena Tea-S wingi re.
188
afxanagiS//afxanakiS dida. mezobeliS//meZobeliS ¹ude.
boSiS maSna. ZRabiS kaba. giorgiS telefoni. nanaS wingi.
- gamarjeba sqani!
- goimorZgu RoronT¸q//RoronTiq!
- muWo zojunT?
- RoronTiS WyolofuaT muTa miWirs, Tqva muWo reT?
- Cqi//Cq¸ xolo jgiro voreT.
- miSi re Te maSna?
- Te maSna//maSina Cqim mezobeliS//meZobeliS re.
- so re diasqani?
- diaCqimi babuS ¹udes re.
- muasqani so re?
- muaCqimi samuSas re.
- jgiri, jgiro zojundaT!
- jgiro ordaT!Q
- miSi//miS re Te wingi?
- Te wingi Cqimi re.
- miSi//miS re Ti sumka?
- Ti sumka nanaS(i) re.
- miSi re Ti maSna//maSina?
- Ti maSna//maSina levaniS(i) re.
- miSi// miS re Te maSna//maSina?
- Te maSna//maSina Cqim(i) jimaS(i) re.
- miSi//miS ¹ude re aTena?
- aTena Cqimi ma¹aleS(i) ¹ude re.
- eTina?
- eTina levaniS jimaS ¹ude re.
- miSi//miS maSna//maSina re Tena?
- Tena Cqimi jimaS mezobeliS//meZobeliS maSna re.
- Te wingi ninoSi reno?
- vari, Te wingi ninoS va re, Te wingi TeaSi re.
- Tina makaSi joRori reno?
189
- qo, Tina makaSi joRori re.
- Te maSna//maSina miS re?
- Te maSna//maSina muS jimaS re.
- miSi//miS ¹ude re Tena?
- Tena ninoS ¹ude re.// Te ¹ude ninoSi re.
- mi(n) re Te boSi?
- Te boSi Cqini ma¹aleS jimasqua re.
SeadareT ori dialogi:
I
- mi(n) re Te boSi?
- Te boSi Cqim(i) qomo(n)ji re.
- mi(n) re Te osuri?
- Te osuri diaCqimi re.
- Te baRana Tqvani squa reno?
- qo patoni, Cqini squa re.
- Ti osuri mi(n) re?
- Ti osuri Cqim(i) jimaS(i) Cili re.
II
- mi(n) rena Te boSefi?
- Te boSefi Cqim(i) megobarefi rena.
- mi(n) rena Te ZRabefi?
- Te ZRabefi Cqini studentefi rena.
- mi(n) rena Ti osurefi?
- Ti osurefi muSi mezobelefi rena.
axali sityvebi:
ma¹ale//megobari – (sityvasityviT: momyoli), megobari
joRori – ZaRli
xoleberi//xoloberi – axlobeli
190
daimaxsovreT:
dedaCemi - diaCqimi mamaCemi - muaCqimi

dedaSeni - diasqani mamaSeni - muasqani
dedamisi - diamuSi mamamisi - muamuSi
dedaCveni - diaCqini//diaCq¸ni mamaCveni - muaCqini//muaCq¸ni
bebiaCemi - dadiCqimi
bebiaSeni - dadsqani//dadskani
bebiamisi - dadmuSi
bebiaCveni - dadCqini//dadCq¸ni
bebiaTqveni - dadiTqvani//dadTqvani
babuaCemi - babuCqimi
babuaSeni - babusqani
babuamisi - babumuSi
babuaCveni - babuCqini//babuCq¸ni
babuaTqveni - babuTqvani
magram:
maTi//imaTi deda- TinefiS//inefiS / munefiS (TavianTi) dida.
maTi//imaTi mama- TinefiS//inefiS / munefiS (TavianTi) muma.
magram:
Cqimi da sqani // skani da
muSi(Tavisi) /TiSi //iSi jima munefiS(TavianTi) /
TinefiS // inefiS jima
Cqini//Cq¸n dei(deida) Tqvani dei
muSi /TiSi//iSi biZia//biZi munefiS /TinefiS //
inefiS biZia//biZi
191
muSi? _ risi?
wingiS duqani//maRazia. sofeliS baRi. saqorTuoS sofeli

saqorTuoS prezidenti. qalaqiS gamgebeli. samargaloS
raioni.
- muSi//muS duqani//maRazia re Tena?

- Tena wingiS duqani // maRazia re.
- muSi//muS ¹ude re Tina? - Tina jaS ¹ude re.
-Mmu quCa re Tena? - Tena rusTaveliS quCa re.

- Tena utu miqavaS//miqaS quCa re.
- Tina wereTeliS quCa re.
- Ti ¹ude miS(i) re? is saxli visia?

- Tina Cqini re. is Cvenia.
- Te maRal(i) Senoba muS(i) re? es maRali Senoba risia?
- Tena gamgeobaS Senoba re. es gamgeobis Senobaa.
waikiTxeT teqsti:
Cqim(i) saxel do gvari re nino adamia. Tena Cq¸n oze

re. Tina Cq¸ni ¹ude re. a diaCqimi do muaCqimi. Tena diaCqimiS
oTax(i) re. Tina muSi kraoti re. Tena Cq¸ni ojaxi re. Ti
oTax¸s Cqimi Jir(i) jima re. unCaSi jima samuSas re. ukla-
Si//ukulaSi jima ozes re.
axali sityvebi:
unCaSi – ufrosi
uklaSi//ukulaSi – umcrosi
kraoti (кровать) – sawoli
192
savarjiSoebi:
I TargmneT qarTulad:
1. miS(i) wing(i) re Tena?----------------------------------------------

2. miS(i) rveul(i) re Tena?-------------------------------------------
3. miS(i) oTax(i) re Tena?-------------------------------------------
--
4. miS(i) suraT(i) re Tena?--------------------------------------------
5. miS(i) gazeT(i) re Tina?--------------------------------------------
6. Te stoli sqani//skani reno?---------------------------------------
7. Te ¹ude muSi reno?--------------------------------------------------
II upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
1. miSi//miS maSna//maSina re Tena?

2. miSi// miS joRori re Tena?
3. miSi//miS ¹ude re Tena?
4. muS duqani//maRazia re Tena?
5. irakli sqani//skani jima reno? (qo, vari).
6. naTia sqani//skani uCitel reno? (qo, vari).
7. nika muS afxanagi//afxanaki reno? (qo, vari).
8. levani sqani//skani qomonji reno? (qo, vari).
9. giorgi muS mezobel//meZobel reno? (qo, vari).
10. meri sqani//skani unCaSi da reno? (qo, vari).
IV.
mu rjoxo?/ mu rjoxona? _ ra gqvia?/ ra gqviaT?
ma nana b-joxo
si nino r-joxo
mus/Tis daTo joxo
Cqi//Cq¸ b-joxona giorgi do nana.
Tqva r-joxona irakli do elene.
munefs//munens / Tinefs//Tinens joxona nino do nika.
193
megrulSi obieqturi piris niSnebi I da II pirSi igivea,
rac qarTulSi: m - (I pirSi), g - (II pirSi). III obieqturi
piris niSani megruls ar daucavs.
II obieqturi piris niSani g- megrulSi gadadis r-Si
Tanxmovnebis win, sxva SemTxvevaSi daculia.
I-II obieqturi piris mravlobiToba aRiniSneba subieq-
turi III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niSnebiT: -an, -es. roca
subieqti mxolobiT ricxvSia, pirdapiri wyobis zmnebTan OIII
obieqturi piris mravlobiToba ar aRiniSneba.
obieqturi piris niSnebia:

I m (>b) ----------------- m (>b) --------------- an//es
II g (>r) ----------------- g (>r) ------------- an//es
III ---------------- -------------
am tipis zmnebSi subieqti micemiT brunvaSia, obieqti _

saxelobiTSi. micemiTi brunvis niSania _ (i)s: ko-s//koC-i-s,
jima-s, jvebe-s, du-s.
piris nacvalsaxelebi micemiTSi:
saxelobiTi ma si mu/Tina
micemiTi ma si mus/Tinas//Tis
CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi micemiTSi:
sax: aTe koCi – es kaci, eTi koCi – is kaci

mic: aTe ko-s//koC-i-s – am kac-s, eTi kos//koC-i-s – im kac-s
Te boSis giorgi joxo.
ZRabis nana joxo.
Cqim joRors jilda joxo.
sqan//skan jimas mu joxo?
194
muS(i) (=Tavis) mezobels lia joxo.
diasqans mu joxo?
sqan//skan das mu joxo?
ma maia bjoxo.
si qeTino rjoxo.
Cqi maia do qeTino bjoxona.
Tqva Tea do mariami rjoxona.
munefs//munens / Tinefs//Tinens kaxa do demna joxona.
- gamarjeba!
- goimorZg¸ RoronT¸q!//goimorZgu RoronTiq!
- mu rjoxo, nana(Svilo), si saxeli?
- ma maka bjoxo, Tqva mu rjoxona?
- ma naTela bjoxo.
- Tena mi re?
- Tena diaCqimi re.
- Ti baRana miS re?
- Ti baRana Cqim(i) biZisqua re.
- mu joxo saxeli?
- Tis qeTino joxo.
- jgiro ordaT!
- jgiro zojundaT!
- gamarjebaT!
- gamarjebaT!
- ma Tqvani uCitel voreq. ma Tamara bjoxo saxeli, Tqva
mu rjoxona?
- Cqi naTia do kaxa bjoxona.
- Ti Jiri ZRabis mu joxo?
- Tinefs//Tinens nana do meri joxona.
- mu joxo diasqans?
- diaCqims elene joxo.
- mu joxo muasqans?
- muaCqims levani joxo.
195
- mu joxo sqan//skan da do jimas?
- Cqim das nana joxo do Cqim jimas _ zaza
- mu joxona sqan ma¹aleS dida do mumas?
- (T)inefs joxona dali do Tengo.
- mu rjoxona Tqva?
- ma bjoxo Tamara.
- mu gvar(i) reT?
- kvaracxelia voreq, Tqva mu rjoxona?
- Cqim saxel do gvar(i) re daTo doliZe.
- Te osuri Cqimi uCitel re.
- Tis nana joxo.
- Te boSefi Cqimi studentef rena.
- munefs//munens joxona daTo do kaxa.
- Te koCi Cqim(i) mezobel re.
- Tis joxo merabi.
savarjiSoebi:
I dawereT es sityvebi micemiT brunvaSi:
koC-i ---------------------------------------
osur-i ----------------------------------------
ZRab-i -------------------------------------
boS-i --------------------------------------
baRana -----------------------------------------
mezobel-i ------------------------------------
maSna -------------------------------------------
¹ude -------------------------------------------
oze ----------------------------------------
stol-i ---------------------------------------
cira -------------------------------------------
beb-i -------------------------------------------
babu ---------------------------------------
196
upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:
1. mu rjoxo? ma--------------------------------
2. mu joxo? Tis------------------------------
3. mu joxo diasqans? mus/Tis-------------------------
4. mu joxo muasqans? mus/Tis-------------------------
5. mu joxo sqan jimas? mus/Tis-------------------------
6. mu joxo sqan das? mus/Tis-------------------------
7. mu joxona Tqvan ma¹alefs? munefs//munens/Tinens-------
----------------------------------
8. mu joxona munefiS squalefs//c munefs//munens/Tinens-------
----------------------------------
9. mu joxona mezobelefs//c? munefs//munens/Tinens-------
----------------------------------
V.
kiTxviTi zmnizeda:
sode//so? _ sad?
- aq//Taq//Taqine//aTaq//aTaqine//aTaqineSe – aq
- eq//Teq//Teqine//eTeq//eTeqine//eTeqineSe _ iq
- amar _ aq, ager
- emer _ iq, eger
- ¹udes _ saxlSi
- stols _ magidaze.
- abarwas _ aivanze
- ozes _ ezoSi
- duqans//maRazias _ maRaziaSi
- gakveTils _ gakveTilze
- stadions _ stadionze
197
magram, Tu nagulisxmebia mimarTuleba, maSin iqneba:
saxlSi mivdivar ¹udeSa meulu/¸//meurqu//¸
maRaziaSi mivdivar maRaziaSa meulu/¸//meurqu//¸
gakveTilze mivdivar gakveTilSa meulu/¸//meurqu//¸
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- so req?
- quCas//Saras voreq / amar voreq / Teq voreq
- mu so re?
- mu ¹udes re / amar re / emer re / Teq re.
- diasqani so re?
- ozes re.
- nino so re?
- nino skolas re.
- giorgi so re?
- giorgi samuSas re.
- so re Cqim(i) gazeTefi?
- sqani gazeTefi oTax¸s re.
- so rena munefi?
- munefi Teatris rena.
- so re maSna//maSina?
- maSna garaJis re.
- Sofer(i) so re?
- Sofer(i) quCas re.
- so re Cqim(i) wingefi?
- sqani//skani wingefi sumkas re.
- so re telefoni?
- telefon(i) amar re.
- gia, so re diasqani? gia, sad aris dedaSeni?

- diaCqimi bazars re. dedaCemi bazarSia.
- Te sumka miS re? es CanTa visia?
- Tena Ti osuriS re. es im qalisaa.
- muS masqvama re! ra lamazia!
198
VI.
`minda~ zmna
ma m-oko-(n) me minda
si g-oko-(n) Sen ginda
mus / Tis oko-(n) mas unda.
Cqi//Cq¸ m-okona-(n)
Cven gvinda
Tqva g-okona-(n) Tqven gindaT
munefs//munens / Tinefs//Tinens okona-(n) maT undaT
ma uSqur(i) / uSquref(i) moko.
si Cai goko.
ma arT(i) uSquri moko.
si wingi goko.
si goko Cqim wingefi do rveulefi.
mus oko maSna.
giorgis Jir maSna oko.
Cqi//Cq¸ sqan wingi mokona.
Tqva Cqini ¹ude gokona.
Tinefs//Tinens Tqvani qoTomefi okona.
baRanefs//baRanens uSquriS wveni okona.
nino do levan(i)s buli okona.
xili:
uSquri _ vaSli xvirma//xurma – xurma
sxuli – msxali neZi – nigozi
buli – bali Txiri – Txili
atama – atami luRi –leRvi
aliCa – aluCa jamkakali – TuTa
cim¹va//cimua – marwyvi xaburzaki – sazamTro
¹omuri//¹umuri – tyemali Sinka – nesvi
bia – komSi berwuli – broweuli
Wuburi – wabli
199
- gamarjeba sqani!
- mu goko?
- sqan wingi moko.
- xolo mu goko?
- met muTun var.
- gamarjeba!
- gamarjeba!
- muWo req?
- jgiro, si muWo req?
- ma xolo jgiro.
- diasqani so re?
- diaCqimi va re ¹udes, bazars re. mu goko?
- WiWe x(v)arxvi do lebia moko.
- muzma goko?
- Jiri x(v)arxvi do arTi Wirqa lebia moko.
- muasqani so re?
- muaCqimi samuSas re, mu goko?
- maSna moko onjuaSax. diasqani so re?
- diaCqimi ortvins re.
ortvini do ortvinoba – bostani da bostneuli:

ortvini//ortvili _ bostani
puraskia – prasi
kintiri//k¸nt¸ri – kitri
kobeSia//kopeSia – kvaxi
WuWeli//WuWele – WinWari
makindoli – oxraxuSi
sona – niaxuri
lebia – lobio
rediska (редис) – boloki
kapusta (капуста) – kombosto
200
- gamarjeba!
- muWo req?
- jgiro, si muWo req?
- ma xolo jgiro.
- sqani Cili do squa muWo re?
- muTa uWira, madloba.
- miS re Te baRanefi?
- Tenefi Cqimi moTalef rena do Tinefi Cqimi mezobeliS
baRanef rena.
- mu goko? - wyar moko
- Tis mu oko? - Tis Rvini/¸ oko.
- mu oko giorgis? - giorgis bJa oko.
- mu oko sqan jimas? - Cqim jimas piva oko.
- mu okona sqan studentens? - Cqim studentebs wingef
okona.
- mis oko Cai do mis oko bJa? - ma Cai moko, ninos – bJa.
- Rvini mis gokona? - Cqi mokona.
- mis do mis gokona wyari? - ma do elenas mokona.
nivTierebaTa saxelebi:
wyari – wyali piva (пиво) – ludi
Rvini – Rvino bJa _ rZe
- si gokono Cqim gazeTi?

- var, ma va moko sqan(i) gazeTi.
- gokono Te jurnali//Jurnali?
- qo, Te jurnali moko.
- ninos okono sqani maSna?
- var, ninos vako sqani maSna, giorgis oko.
- mu goko // mu gonebuna?
- ma Tqvan wingi moko.
- makas mu oko?
- makas Tqvani adrezi oko.
201
- mu oko sqan squas?
- Cqim squas ola¹afinia oko.
- eka do laSas mu okona?
- eka do laSas joRori okona.
- wyari gokona Tu Cai?
- arTi Wirqa Cai moko, qiSilebenda.
- Sanqari gokonano?
- va moko!
- a, Tqvani Cai!
- madloba!
- ingas mu oko?
- ma fifqrenq//vfirqenq, ingas xolo Cai oko.
- si mu goko?
- ma Rvini vara piva moko.
- sqani s(t)umarefs mu okona, borjomi Tu limonaTi?
- Cqim s(t)umarefs varT borjomi okona, varT - limona-
Ti, xvale wyari okona.
- macivariS(i) Tu inWaS(i) wyari?
- inWaS(i) wyari okona.
kavSirebi: axali sityvebi:

do _ da adrezi (адресс) _ misamarTi
varT.......varT _ arc......arc ola¹afinia _ saTamaSo
vara – 1. an, 2. Torem
mara _ magram
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- gamarjeba jgiri, babasqua!
- gamarjeba, pat¸ni!
- Tena miS cindali re?
- Te cindali Cqimi mezobeliS(i) re.
- Ti Tulefi miSi re?
- Ti Tulefi babuCqimiS(i) re.
- kvatefi do RorRonjefi xolo sqani babuS reno?
202
- vari, kvatefi do RorRonjefi Cqimi deiS re.
cxovelebi da frinvelebi:
qoTomi – qaTami gini//geni – xbo
wiwila – wiwili xoji – xari
mumuli – mamali kambeSi//kambeCi – kameCi
RorRonji – bati lakvi – lekvi
kvata – ixvi cindali – knuti
toronji – mtredi qacari – Tikani, cikani
kokuCi//induri - indauri Txa – Txa
Reji – Rori Sxuri – cxvari
Tu – goWi kiribi – batkani
Cxou – Zroxa
iswavleT axali sityvebi:
inWa – Wa monda//monWa – mwife
fifqrenq – vfiqrob kobu - mkvaxe
firqi – fiqri
savarjiSoebi:
upasuxeT kiTxvebs da gadmoaqarTuleT:
mu gokona? --------------------------------------------
mis mu oko? --------------------------------------------
Tqva wven gokonano? --------------------------------------------
mu oko sqan squas? --------------------------------------------
si mu goko? --------------------------------------------
mu gonebuna? --------------------------------------------
mu okona sqan studentens? --------------------------------------------
mu oko sqan amxanag¸s? --------------------------------------------
mu okona Tqvan s(t)umarefs?-------------------------------------------
mis oko sxuli? --------------------------------------------
mis oko uSquri? --------------------------------------------
mis gokona Sanqari? --------------------------------------------
mis oko Cqimi ¹vali? --------------------------------------------
Rvini gokona Tu piva? --------------------------------------------
bJa gokona Tu Cai? --------------------------------------------
Sinka goko Tu xaburzaki? --------------------------------------------
203
wyari gokono? --------------------------------------------
VII.
zedsarTavi saxelebi:
muWomi?/muneri? _ rogori?/ranairi?
didi (didi) - WiWe (patara)

jgiri (kargi) - glaxa//furi (cudi)
axali (axali) - jveSi (Zveli)
sqvami (lamazi) - usqvamuri (uSno)
ioli (advili) - Zneli (Zneli)
maRali (maRali) - dabali (dabali)
ginZe (grZeli) - kunta (mokle)
Wkveri (Wkviani) - suleli//suneli, boro (suleli)
Cxe (cxeli) - ¹ini (civi)
tibu (Tbili) - rgili (grili)
Sxu (msxvili) - inwro, Wife (viwro)
nware//ware (mware) - hamo, tkbili (tkbili)
rCinu (moxuci) - axali//mardu (mozardi)
monka (mZime) - qeqe (mCate)
marTali (marTali) - tyura (tyuili)
Ce (TeTri) - uCa (Savi)
efi (iafi) - Zviri (Zviri)
fsqeli, sqeli(sqeli)- TiTxu//TxiTxu(Txeli)
didi ¹ude. didi ¹udeefi. axali stoli. axali stolefi.

jveSi qarTi. Zneli gakveTili. maRali boSi. ginZe kaba. kunta
Tuma. sqvami ZRabefi// cirefi. Wkver baRanefi. WiWe oTaxi.
glaxa maSna. Cxe wyari.
a sqvami cira. a sqvami cirefi. Tinefi sqvamefi rena. mu Wkve-

ri baRana re. munefi Wkverefi rena. giorgiS squalefi WiWe-
lefi rena. Te wingefi axalefi re. Te gakveTilefi advi-
li//ioli/efi re.
204
waikiTxeT teqsti:
Tena axali do sqvami baRi re. baRis didi jalefi do

sqvami vardefi re. Taq WiWe kafe re. Ti kafe axali re. ka-
fes ginZe stolefi do dabali skamefi dgu//¸. stols axal
gazeTef(i) geZu//¸ (devs). ma kafes voreq. ma do Cqim afxana-
gefs//afxanakefs Cai mokona.
muWom baRi re? ------------------------------------------------------------

muWom kafe re baRis? ----------------------------------------------------
muWom stolef(i) re/dgu/¸ baRis? -----------------------------------
muWom gazeTef(i) geZu/¸ stols? ------------------------------------
muWom skamef re baRis? -------------------------------------------------
ufroobiTi xarisxi iwarmoeba u---(a)-Si prefiqs-sufiqsiT:
didi _ u-did-a-Si.
furi _ u-fur-a-Si//u-f¸r-a-Si
sqvami//skvami _ u-sq/kvam-aSi
(r)Ce _ u-r-Ci-a-Si//u-r-Ce-a-Si
gamonaklisia:
jgiri _ u-jgu-Si
meti _ u - mosi
ufroobiTi xarisxis forma SeiZleba gadmoices dadebiTi xa-

risxis formaze zmnizedis damatebiT:
Zalami(Zalian) jgiri koCi

gvalo(Zalian) jgiri ZRabi
nabetani(nametani) glaxa osuri
205
an: umosi (ufro) + zedsarTavi saxeli:
nika umosi jgiri baRana re, vinem kaxa.

Cqini sofeli umosi sqvami re, vinem Tqvani.
maka umosi Wkveri re, vinem nino.
mamuka umosi Zalieri re, vinem daTo.
mcxeTa umosi jveSi qalaqi re, vinem qarTi.
Cqimi squalefi umosi didefi rena, vinem sqani jimasqualefi.
an kidev:
irfeliSi umosi (yvelaze meti//metad)..…
irfeliSi uf¸raSi (yvelaze cudi)..…
metiS meti (metismetad)..
TanabrobiTi xarisxis formebi (qarTuls ara aqvs)iwarmoeba

ma-a konfiqsiT: didi – madida, WiWe – maWiWa, sqvami//skvami
_ ma-sqvamà//ma-skvam-a
mag:
Te ZRabi Cqim baRanaS mamaRala re (es gogo Cemi bavSvis si-
maRlisaa).
daToS joRori CxouS madida re (daTos ZaRli Zroxis si-
didisaa).
odnaobiTi xarisxi iwarmoeba mo-e/o konfiqsiT: uCa _mo-uC-e/o

(moSavo), WiTa _ mo-WiT-e/o (mowiTalo)
- gamarjebaT!
- gamarjeba, nana!//squa!(Svilo)
- arTi qobali do sumi kilo Sanqari moko, qiSilebenda.
- a, nana. met mu goko?
- arTi paWka jimu do arTi dudi ¹vali moko.
- xolo mu goko?
- geTu, met muTun vari, madloba!
206
- jgiro orda, nana!
- jgiro zojundaT!
- nunu dei! marwveni moko.
- amar, nana, macivars re axali marwveni, amdRari.
- qobali xolo moko.
- axali qobali va re, jveSi re, goRaneri.
- muTa uWirs. Sqiren mafu / mSqirens.
- h(o), ¹vali do kintiri xolo re Skafis.
- met muTuni va moko, madloberi.
muWomi qobali re Tena?

axali Tu jveSi?
Te qobali axali re.
muWomi xorci re Tena? ------------------------------------------------
muWomi ¹vali re Tena? ------------------------------------------------
muWomi kartofili re Tena?--------------------------------------------

muWomi lebia re Tena? ----------------------------------------------
muWomi sxuli re Tena? -----------------------------------------------
muWomi ZRabi re sqani da?---------------------------------------------
muWomi maSna re sqani//skan(i) jimaSi?--------------------------------
axali sityvebi:
dgu//¸ - dgas jimu - marili
geZu//¸ - devs Sanqarami –Saqriani
qarTi - Tbilisi jimuami - mariliani
qobali – puri qiSilebenda – Tu SeiZleba
¹vali – yveli marwveni – mawoni.
Sanqari – Saqari ¹vana - yana
207
savarjiSoebi:
1. CasviT zedsarTavebi:
1. Cq¸n mez/Zobeli ----------------- koCi re.

2. sqani da -------------------------- cira re.
3. muaCqimiS sofeli ------------------- re.
4. muSi baRana nabtani//naptani//nabetani -------------- re.
5. Te kob/peSia nabetani//nabtani -------------- re.
6. Ti boSi umosi --------------------- re, vinem Tena.
7. Tqvani skola --------------------- re.
8. Cqini oze ----------- va re, mara -------------------- re.
9. Te ------------------- kaba moko.
10. sqani Tuma ------------------------ re
2. SeadgineT winadadebebi zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis for-

mebis gamoyenebiT.
nimuSi: Te cira umosi sqvami re, vinem Ti ZRabi. Te cira

arZaS usqvamaSi re.
muWomi amindi/dRa re amdRa? – rogori amindia (dRea) dRes?
Cxuru/¸ dRa re – civi amindia/dRea.

Cxe dRa re – cxeli amindia/dRea.
tibu dRa re – Tbili amindia/dRea.
rgili dRa re – grili amindia/dRea.
Wvens//Wvins _ wvims
Tuns – Tovs
boria re – qaria
Cxana re – mzea
tarozi re _ daria
taroz ubado re//xandara re _ avdaria
sinCxe re – cxela
Cxuru re – civa
208
sitiba re – Tbila
sirgile re – grila
SeadareT SegrZneba _ gancdis gamomxatveli frazebi:
sinCxe mafu – mcxela

Cxuru mafu – mciva
tibu mafu//miRu (kuCxi) – Tbili//Tbilad maqvs (fexi)
grili mafu (¹va) – grili maqvs (Subli)
(zmna mafu(n), gafu(n), afu(n), mafuna(n), gafuna(n), afuna(n)

– sityvasityviT: maqvs, gaqvs, aqvs, gvaqvs, gaqvT, aqvT).
1. muWomi dRa re amdRa?------------------------------------------------

2. amdRa Cxuru reno?----------------------------------------------------
3. ¹udes sinCxe reno?---------------------------------------------------
4. gale sinCxe re Tu Cxuru re?-------------------------------------

5. oTax¸s sitiba reno?-------------------------------------------------
6. ase Wvenso?--------------------------------------------------------------
7. ianars qarTis Tunso?------------------------------------------------
209
VIII.
ricxviTi saxelebi
muzma? – ramdeni?
1. arTi
2. Jiri
3. sumi
4. oTxi
5. xuTi
6. amSvi
7. SqviTi//SkviTi
8. ruo//bruo
9. Cxoro
10. viTi
11. viTaarTi
12. viToJiri//viToJ¸ri
13. viTosumi
14. viTa(a)nTxi
15. viToxuTi
16. viTa(a)mSvi
17. viToSqviTi
18. viToruo//viTobruo
19. voToCxoro
20. eCi
20 - eCdoarTi
21 - eCdoJiri
22 - eCdosumi
30 - eCdoviTi
31 - eCdoviTaarTi
32 - eCdoviToJiri
40 - JarneCi
41 - JarneCdoarTi
50 - JarneCdoviTi
51 - JarneCdoviTaarTi
60 - sumeneCi//sumoneCi
210
61 - sumeneCdoarTi//sumoneCdoarTi
70 - sumeneCdoviTi//sumoneCdoviTi
80 - oTxoneCi
90 - oTxoneCdoviTi
100 - oSi
200 - JiroSi
300 - sumoSi
400 - oTxoSi
500 - xuToSi
600 - amSoSi
700 - SqviToSi
800 - ruoSi//bruoSi
900 - CxoroSi
1000 - anTasi (sakuTriv megruli – viToSi)
2000 - Jiri anTasi
1-li priveli
me-2 maJra//maJira // maJia
me-3 masma
me-4 manTxa//maanTxa
me-5 maxvTa//maxuTa
me-6 maamSva
me-7 maSqviTa
me-8 mabruo
me-9 maCxora
me-10 maviTa
me-11 maviTaarTa
me-12 maviToJira
me-20 maeCa
21-e eCdomaarTa
22-e eCdomaJira
30-e eCdomaviTa
31-e eCdomaviTaarTa
me-40 maJarneCa
41-e JarneCdomaarTa
50-e JarneCdomaviTa
211
me-60 masumeneCa
70-e sumeneCdomaviTa
me-80 maoTxoneCa
90-e oTxoneCdomaviTa
me-100 maoSa
me-200 maJiroSa
201-e JiroSmaarTa
me-1000 maanTasa
me-2000 maJirianTasa
muz¸ma//muda waneri req? – ramdeni wlis xar?

- giorgi, muda waner(i) req?
- viTaamSvi waner(i) voreq.
- muda waner(i) re sqani jima?
- Cqim jima eCi waner(i) re.
- diasqani muda waner(i) re?
- diaCqimi JarneCdoviTaarTi waner(i) re.
- muda waner(i) re sqan(i) jimaS afxanaki nana?
- nana viToxuTi waner(i) re.
mu Rir¸? – ra Rirs?
- mu Rir¸ arTi kilo uSquri?
- arTi kilo uSquri lari do Jiri abazi Rir¸.
- arTi kilo pamindori mu Rir¸?
- pamindori sumi lari Rir¸.
- muambe re!
- Zviri reno?
- Zviri re, aba, efi reno?
- muSa re Te buli?
- Te buli oTx larSa re.
- ra Rirs erTi kilo vaSli?
- erTi kilo vaSli lari da ori abazi(oci TeTri) Rirs.
- erTi kilo pomidori ra Rirs?
212
- pamidori sami lari Rirs.
- ra ambavia!
- Zviria?
- Zviria, aba, iafia?
- es bali ramdenad aris?
- es bali oTx larad aris.
- mu Rir¸ k¸nt¸r do pamindori?
- k¸nt¸ri sumi lari Rir¸, pamindori - Jiri lari.
- xaburzaki muSa re?
- xaburzaki kilo eCidoviTi TeTri re.
- qoTomi muzma Rir¸?
- qoTomi SqviTi lari re.
- lebia muSa re.
- Te lebia lari Rir¸.
- ra Rirs kitri da pomidori?
- kitri sami lari Rirs, pomidori _ ori lari.
- sazamTro ramdenad aris?
- sazamTro kilo ocdaaTi TeTria.
- qaTami ra Rirs?
- qaTami Svidi laria.
- lobio ramdenad aris?
- es lobio lari Rirs.
nam saTi re? _ romeli saaTia?

- nam saTi re?
- ase sumiS xuTi wunTi//wuTi re.
- nam saTi re?

- pirvel saTi re.
- nam saTi re?

- xuTSa urku viTi.
213
mu ricxvi re? – ra ricxvia?
amdRa priveli ekenia re.
amdRa Jiri frevali re.
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- ase re mesi. – axla maisia

- ase frevali re do//Tu marti? – axla Tebervalia Tu
marti?
- ase arguso reno? – axla agvistoa?
- ase mu TuTa re? – axla ra Tvea?
- ase re g¸ma TuTa – axla oqtomberia.
- amdRa mu dRa re? _ dRes ra dRea?
- amdRa sabatoni re. _ dRes SabaTia.
- amSvi TuTa re gverdi wana, _ eqvsi Tve aris naxevari
varo? weli, ara?
- qo, TaSi re. – ki, asea
- warmowana do gverdi re _ weliwadnaxevari aris
viTobruo TuTa, TaSi vareno? Tvrameti Tve, ase ar
aris?
- qo, TaSi re. _ diax, asea.
- amdRa TuTaSxa reno? _ dRes orSabaTia?
- vari, amdRa TaxaSxa re. _ ara, dRes samSabaTia.
- nam saTi re ase? _ romeli saaTia axla?
- ase re bruoS gverdi. _ axla rvis naxevaria.
- nam TuTa re ase? _ romeli Tvea axla?
- ase maxuTa TuTa re. _ axla mexuTe Tvea.
- nam TuTa re ase?
- ase ianari re.
- mu dRa re amdRa?
- amdRa TuTaSxa re.
- nam wana re ase?
- ase Jiri anTas amSvi wana re.
- muz¸ma DdRa re maras?
214
- maras SqviT dRa re.
- muz¸ma dRa re TuTas?
- TuTas eCdoviTi vara eCdoviTaarTi dRa re, frevals eC-
dobruo vara eCdoCxoro dRa re.
- warmowanas muda TuTa re?
- warmowanas viToJiri TuTa re.
- muz¸ma dRa re warmowanas?
- warmowanas sumoS sumeneCdoxuTi vara sumoS sumeneCdoam-
Svi dRa re.
- saukunos muz¸ma wana re?
- saukunos oSi wana re.
axali sityvebi:
dRa – dRe
mara – kvira
TuTa – Tve
wanmowana//warmowana//wana – weli
w¸//wi – wels
w¸ri//wiri – wlevandeli
gowos//uliri wanas – SarSan,gasul wels.
mumalu wanas – momaval wels
saukuno – saukune
goRa – guSin
goRaneri – guSindeli
amdRa – dRes
amdRari – dRevandeli
Wume//Wumani – xval
Wumeneri//Wumaneri – xvalindeli
geRani – zeg
WumeSgeRani - maszeg
goRawo//goRawox – guSinwin
nabetani – meti, zedmeti//metad,zedmetad, nametnavad.
irfeli//ifreli – yvelaferi
ase – axla
215
aserde – axlaxan
Tiwk¸ma//Tiwkuma//Tiwkala//Tiwkela – maSin
ukaxale – ukan
migaxvama! – gilocav!
nandvilas//nandvilo//namdvilo – namdvilad
aucilebero – aucileblad
savarjiSoebi:
1. gadmoaqarTuleT ricxvebi:
bruo ------------, viTaarTi ------------, viToCxoro -----------,
eCidoarTi ------------------, eCidoviTosumi -------------------,
JarneCidoviToCxoro -------------------------, oS viTi-------------,
Jiri anTasi-------------, sumi anTas viToxuTi-------------------.
2. dawereT sityvierad:
51----------------------, 106--------------------, 66---------------------,

88---------------, 35-----------------------, 198---------------------------,
3087-------------------------, 48--------------, 373----------------------.
3. dawereT, ra ricxvia? romeli Tvea?
20.01 --EeCi ianari

17.06 --------------------
1 .09 --------------------
13.12 ---------------------
27.07 --------------------
4. 09 --------------------
12.05 --------------------
3. 02 --------------------
8. 08 --------------------
24.10 --------------------
216
4. SeavseT gamotovebuli adgilebi:
ma (21)------------------------------ waneri voreq.

mu/Tina (31)----------------------------- waneri re.
si (40) --------------------------- waneri req.
Tinefi (22) --------------------- do (23) wanerefi rena
diaCqimi ----------------------- waneri re.
muaCqimi ----------------------- waneri re.
Cqimi da re ----------------------- waneri.
sqani jima ---------------------------- waneri re.
5. upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:
1. mu rjoxo? -------------------------------------------------------------
2. muda waneri req? -----------------------------------------------------
3. mu nomeri re Tqvani maSna? ----------------------------------------
4. nam nomeri re Tqvani ¹ude? ---------------------------------------
5. nam saTi re? -----------------------------------------------------------

6. mu dro//borji re? --------------------------------------------------
7. so re Tqvani ¹ude? --------------------------------------------------
8. so re diasqani? ------------------------------------------------------
9. so re duqani? --------------------------------------------------------
10. mu dRa re amdRa? ----------------------------------------------------
11. nam ricxvi re amdRa? -----------------------------------------------
12. nam wana re ase? ------------------------------------------------------
13. so req ase? ------------------------------------------------------------
14. muneri dRa re AamdRa? ---------------------------------------------
217
IX.
`myavs~ / `maqvs~ zmnebi
puns/c (myavs) miRu(n) (maqvs)

ma p-uns/c ma m-i-Ru-(n)
si r-¹uns/c si g-i-Ru-(n)
mus/Tis ¹uns/c mus/Tis u-Ru-(n)
Cqi//Cq¸ p- una(n) Cqi m-i-Run-a(n)
Tqva r- ¹una(n) Tqva g-i-Run-a(n)
munefs//munens/ Tinefs//Tinens u-Run-a(n)
Tinefs//Tinens ¹una(n)
- dida r¹uns/co?
- qo, dida puns/c
- bebi r¹uns/co?
- var, bebi va puns/c
- muma ¹uns/co?
- qo, mus muma ¹uns/c.
- da ¹uns/co?
- vari, da va ¹uns/c.
- si da r¹uns/co?
- qo, ma arTi da do arTi jima puns/c.
- muz¸ma squa ¹uns/c Tis?
- Tis sumi squa ¹uns/c.
- jimalefi r¹uns/co?
- vari, jimalefi va puns/c.
- breli ma¹ale r¹uns/co?
- qo, breli ma¹ale puns/c.
- sqan das katu ¹uns/co?
- qo, Cqim das oTx(i) katu ¹uns/c.
218
- wingi giRuno?
- qo, wingi miRu.
- ¹ude giRuno?
- vari, ¹ude va miRu.
- mus muz¸ma wingi uRu?
- mus breli wingi uRu.
- muWomi ¹ude uRu?
- axali do didi ¹ude uRu.
- axal telefon miRu.
- wyar moko.
- WiWe joRori puns/c.
- jveSi maSna puns/c.
waikiTxeT teqsti:
Cqim jimas sum squa ¹uns/c: Jiri ZRabi do arTi boSi.
muS unCaS ZRabis nino joxo. nino viT waneri re. WiWe ninos
katu ¹uns, namus¸T WiWe ¹ude uRu. Te katus ciba joxo.
Cqim jimaS maJia ZRabis qeTi joxo. qeTi, namuT xuT waneri
re, Zalami Wkveri re. qeTis breli ola¹afinia uRu do jo-
Rori ¹uns/c. qeTiS joRori gvalo WiWe re. Cqim uku-
laS//uklaS jimasquas nika joxo. nika Jir waneri re.
Cqim jimas osuri ¹uns. TiS saxeli re maka. Cqim ji-
mas do muS osurs sqvami ¹ude uRuna. munefiS ¹udes didi
oze uRu. ozes ortvini do vardefiS baRi re.
wevr-kavSiri:
namuT –romelic (saxelobiTi brunva)
nam¸siT//namus¸T//nam¸s¸T//namusuT – romelsac (micemiTi brunva)
219
- nino, dida do muma r¹unso?
- iax(diax), puns.
- bebi do babu r¹unso?
- bebi puns/c, mara babu va puns, doRuru.
- si gaTxiri//gaTxili reqo?(qomonji r¹uns/co?)
- iax, gaTxiri//gaTxili voreq.
- musxi squa r¹uns/c?
- sumi squa puns/c, Jiri boSi do arTi cira.
- mu joxona sqan baRanefs?
- Tinefs joxona giorgi, irakli do eka.
- nam re unCaSi?
- giorgi re unCaSi do eka re uklaSi//ukulaSi, irakli oS-
qari (SuaTana) re.
- muz¸ma//muda da do jima r¹uns/c?
- ma arTi da do arTi jima puns/c.
- sqani jima osuram reno?( sqani jimas osur ¹uns/co?)
- iax, mu osurami re.
- muz¸ma//muda jimasqua r¹uns/c?
- Jiri jimasqua puns/c – nino do qeTi.
- dasqualefi r¹uns/co?
- vari, dasqualefi va puns, Cqimi//Cq¸mi da va re gaTxi-
li//gaTxiri.
- Tav(i)s(u)fal(i) dro giRuno?
- vari, Tav(i)s(u)fal(i) dro va miRu, dakebuli voreq, brel
saqme miRu.
axali sityvebi:
gaTxir//gaTxili – gaTxovili
uguTxu – gauTxovari
osurami – coliani
uosure – ucolo
220
Cili do squa – col-Svili
Cildosquami – colSviliani
Cili do qomonji – col-qmari
baRanami – bavSviani
dida do muma – ded-mama
qvrii – qvrivi
Rureli – mkvdari
savarjiSoebi:
1. SeavseT zmnis saTanado formebiT:
1. ma------------------------------ sumi jima.

2. si ---------------------------- didi ¹vana.
3. Tqva ----------------------- sqvami//skvami dida.
4. mus jgiri osuri --------------------.
5. si xuTi axli wingi -----------------.
6. Cqi//Cq¸ sumi joRori ----------------.
7. diasqans jgiri ortvini -----------.
8. daTos --------------- jveSi maSna//maSina.
9. sandros ---------------- sqvami ZRabi.
10. Cqini//Cq¸ni stumarefs problemefi ------------.
1. dida do muma r¹uns/co?---------------------------------------------
2. r¹unso osuri//Cili? qomonji?----------------------------------
3. squalefi r¹uns/co? muz¸ma?---------------------------------------
4. da vara jima r¹uns/co?----------------------------------------------
5. Tqvan jimas osuri ¹uns/co?----------------------------------------
6. Tqvan das qomonji ¹uns/co?----------------------------------------
221
7. munefs squalefi ¹unano?--------------------------------------------
8. afxanag/ki r¹unso?----------------------------------------------------
9. so re ase Tqvani afxanag/ki?---------------------------------------

10. mus samuSa uRuno?----------------------------------------------------
11. mus maSna//maSina ¹uns/co?-------------------------------------------
X.
drois zmnizedebi:
muJams/c//muJami? _ rodis?
ase _ axla Tel dRas – mTeli dRe
amdRa – dRes anwi _ awi
Wumani//Wume – xval TuTaSxas – orSabaTs
goRa – guSin TaxaSxas – samSabaTs
oWmares – dilas jumaSxas – oTxSabaTs
onjuas – saRamos caSxas –xuTSabaTs
ondRes – SuadReze obiSxas – paraskevs
Sxiras//bSxiras//fSxiras _ xSirad sabatons – SabaTs
irdRas//iridRas – yoveldRe JaSxas//JeSxas – kviras
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- muJams//muJami//muJamu miRuna gakveTili?
- Wume miRuna, TaxaSxas.
- si muJams giRu gakveTili?
- Wume ondRes, Jir saTis.
- muJams miRuna gamocda?
- sum ivanobas, TuTaSxas, viT saTis.
- muJams re sqani dabadebaS dRa?
- ekeniaS oTxis, WumeSgeRani.
- muJams re koncerti?
- Wume onjuas, Cxoro saTis.
222
muzmaSa(x)? _ ramdenjer?
arTSa(x), JirSa(x), sumSa(x), oTxSa(x).......
- maraSe muzmaSa(x) giRu gakveTilefi?
- irdRas Ji-Jiri saTi.
- Wume muzma gakveTili giRu?
- Wume oTxi gakveTili miRu.
- muJams giRu giSaulari dRa?
- sabatons do JeSxas miRu giSaulari dRa.
nam saTi re? – romeli saaTia?
13:00 _ pirvel(i)//privel(i) saTi re.
14:00 _ Jiri saTi re.
15:00 _ sumi saTi re.
16:00 _ oTxi saTi re.
12:30 _ pirveliS gverdi re.
13:30 _ JiriS gverdi re.
15:30 _ oTxiS gverdi re.
12:10 _ pirveliS viT wunTi re.
14:40 _ sumSa urku eCi ( wunTi).
17:50 _ amSviSa urku viTi (wunTi).
saTi _ saaTi sekundi – wami

wunTi – wuTi gverdi – naxevari
urku – aklia
muJams/nam saTis? – rodis / romel saaTze?
13:00 – privel//pirvel saTis

14:00 _ Jir saTis
14:30 _ sumiS gverdis
12:10 _ pirveliS viT wunTis
13:20 _ JiriS eCi wunTis
12:40 _ pirvels urku EeCi wunTin TeSi
223
muJams? / nam TuTas? – rodis? / romel Tves?
ianars, frevals, martis, aprils, mesis, ivanobas, kvir-

kves, argusos, ekenias,Gg¸ma TuTas, gergoba TuTas, qirse Tu-
Tas.
waikiTxeT dialogi:
kinos
- gamarjebaT!
- kino sode re Taq?
- kino rusTaveliS quCas re.
- Tena kino reno?
- vari, Tena opera re. a Tena re kino.
- nam saTis re kino?
- Cxoro saTis.
- jgiri kino reno?
- qo, mangari re.
- mu Rir¸ bileTi?
- sumi lari.
- jgiri, aba, jgiro orda!
- jgiro!
savarjiSoebi:
Sxiras reqo Te sofels?------------------------------------------------

ir dRas reqo ¹udes?-----------------------------------------------------
oWmares so reT?-----------------------------------------------------------
onjuas sqan(i) da ¹udes reno?----------------------------------------
224
ondRes so req?-------------------------------------------------------------
muJams re sqani dabadebaS dRa?----------------------------------------
muJams re diasqaniS dabadebaS dRa?-----------------------------------
muJams re sqani afxanag/kiS dabadebaS dRa?-------------------------
muJams re Tanafa?(aRdgoma)--------------------------------------------
muJams re qirse? (Soba)--------------------------------------------------
muJams re axal wana?------------------------------------------------------
nam saTis re kurieri?---------------------------------------------------
maraSe muzmaSa re sqani dasqua skolas?----------------------------
daimaxsovreT:
- m¸gaxvama dabadebaS(i) dRas! – gilocav dabadebis dRes!
- m¸gaxvama axal wanas! – gilocav axal wels!
- m¸gaxvama q¸rses! – gilocav Sobas!
- memxvamu//memxvamafu axal wana! – momilocavs axali weli!
XI.
`var~ zmna awmyoSi, warsulsa da momavalSi:
ma v-oreq (var) v-ordi (viyavi) ipiq (viqnebi)

si (o)req (xar) (o)rdi (iyavi) i¹iq (iqnebi)
mu/Tina (o)re(n) (aris) (o)rdu/¸ (iyo) i¹i (iqne-
ba)
Cqi/¸ v-ore-T (varT) v-ordi-T (viyaviT) ipi-T (viqnebiT)
Tqva (o)re-T (xarT) (o)rdi-T (iyaviT) i¹i-T (iqnebiT)
munefi/Tinefi (o)re-na(n)(arian) (o)rd –es (iyvnen) i¹i-na(n)(iqnebian)
225
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- levani, so req ase?
- ase ¹udes voreq.
- sqan(i) jima so re amdRa Tel dRas?
- va miCqu, mara, ma fifqrenq, anwi malas ¹udes i¹i.
- goRa so rdi?
- goRa afxanagwkuma//afxanagwkala//afxanagwkela vordi.
- Wume so i¹iq?
- Wume Tel dRas samuSas ipiq.
- nino, so re diasqani?
- bazars re.
- goRa so rdu/¸?
- goRa mezobelwkala rdu.
- Wumani so i¹i?
- Wumani, albeT,Y¹udes i¹i.
- qeTi, sqani ma¹alefi so rena ase?
- qalaqis rena.
- goRa so rdes?
- goRa ortvins muSendes.
- Wume so i¹ina?
- Wume kinos i¹ina.
- muJams i¹iq ¹udes?
- ¹udes onjuas ipiq samuSaS ukuli//ikuli.
- so i¹iq Wumani?
- Wumani sabatoni re do va mub/fSenq, albaT ¹udes ipiq.
- nam saTis i¹iq ¹udes?
- Tel dRas ipiq, oWmareSe onjuaSa.
- namdvilo//nandulo i¹iqo?
- aucilebero / mu ragad oko (ra Tqma/laparaki unda)
226
-wkala//-wkela//-wk¸ma – 1. -Tan (axlos), 2. dros.
Ti-wkela, Tim¸-wkela, Timi-wk¸ma – 1. masTan; 2. maSin (im

dros)
levanwk¸ma//levanwkala _ levanTan
¹udewk¸ma _ saxlTan
mezobelwk¸ma _ mezobelTan
diaCqimwk¸ma _ dedaCemTan
bebiwk¸ma _ bebiasTan
Cqimwk¸ma, sqanwk¸ma, muwku¸ma, Cqinwk¸ma, Tqvanwk¸ma, mune-
fiwk¸ma, Tinefwk¸ma.
sqan(i) jimawk¸ma voreq – Sens ZmasTan var.
magram:
sqan jimaSa meulu//meurq – Sens ZmasTan mivdivar.
kinoSa meulu//meurq – kinoSi mivdivar.
diaCqimSa meulu//meurq – dedaCemTan mivdivar.
bazarSa meulu//meurq – bazarSi mivdivar.
eqimSa meulu//meurq – eqimTan mivdivar.
eqimwkala//eqimwkma voreq – eqimTan var
2. ma xolo (mec), si xolo (Senc), mu/Tina xolo (isic), Cq¸

xolo (Cvenc), Tqva xolo (Tqvenc), Tinefi xolo (isinic).
amdRa xolo (dResac), Wume xolo (xvalac), Taq xolo
(aqac), Teq xolo (iqac)......
Wume ma xolo meulu//meurq TeatrSa.

darejan xolo vardu goRa skolas.
Cqi xolo miRuna Tecali burTi.
si xolo molarTi Cqinwk¸ma arTo.
moskovs Tinefi xolo vardes.
227
so (o)rdi? – sad iyavi?
xoleberwk¸ma vordi. onjuas Teatris vordiT.
Cqimi afxanagefwk¸ma vordi. nanawkala vordi. ma do muaCqimi
sofels vordiT.
so req? – sad xar?
ase skolas voreq. diaCqimwk¸ma voreq. ma do Cqimi dasqua
ozes voreT Cqin(i) bebwk¸ma. moskovs voreT. eleneS ¹udewk¸ma
voreT. koncertis voreq.
so i¹iq?_ sad iqnebi?
qarTis ipiq. ¹udes ipiq. mezobelwk¸ma ipiq. Cqim(i) afxa-
nagwk¸ma ipiq. Wume muaCqimwk¸ma arTo ipiq.
so rdu nino?_sad iyo nino?
samuSas rdu. Ti jargvals re. goRa nino baTums¸ rdu. daba-
debaS dRas va rdu, albaT, ¹udes rdu.
so re Tako?-sad aris Tako?
Tako kinos re. amdRa Tel dRas ozes re. ase oTax¸s re do
wingis kiTxulens. muS afxanagefwk¸ma arTo quCas re.
so i¹i mu/Tina?-sad iqneba is?
Wume bazars i¹i. WumeSgeRani/geRani sofels i¹ina. Wume Tel
dRas vee¹i//ve¹i//vei ¹udes. amdRa quTeSis i¹i.
savarjiSoebi:
1. daurTeT –wkala//-wkela//-wk¸ma Tandebuli sityvebs:
stoli-------------------------------- diaCqimi---------------------------------
mezobeli------------------------------ babusqani------------------------------
ja-------------------------------------- afxanaki--------------------------------
maSna//maSina-------------------------- duqani----------------------------------
Tamriko-------------------------------
2. gadaiyvaneT yofna warsulsa da momavalSi:
228
1. so re rveuli? rveuli Cqim(i) oTax¸s re.
2. so req? dawk¸ma voreq.
3. so rena sqani afxanagefi?
3. CasviT yofna zmnis swori formebi:
goRa so ------------ si? goRa Cqim(i) afxanagwk¸ma -------------.

goRa ninowk¸ma ----------------- . baba so ------------------ goRa?
nino goRa babmuSwk¸ma -----------------. Tinefi Cqim(i) deiwk¸ma
-------------- goRa. Wume si so -----------------? Cqim uCtelwk¸ma
-----------------. Wume Tinefi kinos -----------------. Wume Cqi//Cq¸
diaCqimwk¸ma ---------------. Wume so ---------------- naTia? Wume
naTia diamuSwk¸ma -------------.
XII.
`mivdivar~ zmna
ma me(v)ulu/¸ //me(v)urq me mivdivar

si meulu/¸//meurq Sen midixar
mu/Tina meurs is midis
Cqi//Cq¸ me(v)urT Cven mivdivarT
Tqva meurT Tqven midixarT
munefi/Tinefi meula(n) isini midian
229
ma moulu/¸//mourq me movdivar
si moulu/¸//mourq Sen mo-
dixar
mu/Tina mours is modis
Cqi//Cq¸ mourT Cven movdivarT
Tqva mourT Tqven modixarT
munefi/Tinefi moula(n) isini modian
zmnebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebis aRmniSvneli zmniswinebiT:

eSmulu//eSmurq//eSourq avdivar
gi/g¸mulu//gi//g¸murq//g¸mourq Cavdivar
inmurq//inourq Cavdivar siRrmeSi
giSmulu//giSurq//g¸Sourq gamovdivar
miT-muli//miT-murq//m¸Tourq Sevdivar(raRacis qveS)
min-mulu//min-murq//m¸nourq Sevdivar(oTaxSi, saxlSi)
miS-mulu//miS-murq//m¸Sourq Sevdivar(SuaSi)
munulu//munurq//munmurq//m¸nourq Semovdivar(oTaxSi,saxlSi)
ginmulu//ginmurq//g¸nourq//ginulu gadavdivar(raRacaze)
gilulu//g¸lourq//gilurq davdivar
brZanebiTis formebia:
meu! – wadi! merTi//q¸merTi! – midi!
morTi//q¸morTi! – modi! midarTan! – wavidnen!
eSeli! – adi!@ ginili! – gadadi!
gimeli! –Cadi! miTili! – Sedi(qveS)!
- gamarjeba, sqani demur(i) biZi!
- gamarjeba, biZi!@
- muWo reT?
- ondeT voreq, biZi. lexi vordi sum dRas do ase dio va
voreq jgiro. si muWo req?
- ma jgiro voreq.
230
- so rdi?
- mindors vordi burTis bla¹afendiT(vTamaSobdiT) baRanefi.
- ase so meulu?
- ase ¹udeSa meulu.
- onjuas ¹udes i¹iqo?
- vari, onjuas ma do muaCqimi s(t)umaro meurT.
- miSa meurT?
- Cqimi biZiaSa.
- jgiri, biZi, jgiro orda!
- jgiro ordaT, demur(i) biZi!
- gamarjeba, nana!
- gamarjeba, eka!
- soiSa meulu//meurq?
- qalaqSa meul(u) do ukuli bazarSa meul(u).
- mu goko bazars?
- ¹udes muTuni va miRuna do irfeli moko: xvarxvi, karto-
fili, k¸nt¸ri, kapusta, makindoli, ombale, axali ¹omuri,
xili.
- xili ¹udes, ozes vaiRuno?
- wi muTuni xili va re ozes, uSquri do sxuliS meti.
- jgiro orda, onjuas ¹udes ipiq do qumorTi!
- jgiri, qumuli.
ma amdRa kinoSa meulu//meurq.
Cqimi afxanagi xolo Cqimwkma arTo mours.
nino va murs kinoSa, TiSeni nam¸da//namuda va re jgiro.
maia va murs kinoSa, TiSeni nam¸da//namuda vako.
ma vemulu/¸//vemurq - me ar mivdivar
uaryofiTi nawilaki `ve~ (<va(r)) Sezrdilia zmnur formas.
231
TuTaSxas baTumSa meulu//meurq do JeSxas ifrTuq. ma
bSxiras gilulu//gilurq baTumSa. giorgi Wume sum saTis
londonSa dikmurs.QqarTSa mours TaxaSxas. nino jumaSxas
mours. Cqimi dida do muma JeSxas moula.
ma irdRas gilulu samuSaSa. oWmares ¹udeSe adre//arde
ginmulu//ginmurq do onjuas ¹udeSa munmulu//munmurq gvians.
samuSaSe ¹udeSa//¹uCa moulu//mourq SqviT saTis. samuSaSe gi-
mulu//gimurq amSv saTis, ginmulu quCas, ukuli miTmobdoxo-
duq taqsis do QCqin quCaSa maSnaT meulu. quCaS daWyafus
giTmulu taqsiSe do kuCxiT meulu ¹udeSax. amdRa ¹udeSe
vemulu soTini, TiSeni nam¸da lexi (glaxaT) voreq.
glaxaT voreq – cudad var

lexi voreq _ avad var
laxala//laxara _ avadmyofoba
ase sqanda eSmulu maJira sarTulSa. nino xolo eSmurs. af-
xanagefi xolo eSmula.
malas axal ¹udeSa ginmurT¸. nino masma klasSa ginmurs.
mamuka axal samuSaSa ginmurs.
ma irdRas gilulu//gilurq institutSa. Cqimi osuri xolo
gilurs universitetSa irdRas. Cqini squalefi veglula
skolaSa, Tinefi baRSa gilula. Cqi minSa//kankaleSa gilurT
kinoSa arTo. Cqi//Cq¸ kinoSa iriaTo maSnaT gilurT.
oWmareSe meulu samuSaSa. samuSas voreq Cxoro saTiSe amSvi

saTiSax. sportSa gilulu//gilurq amSv saTiSe bruo saTiSa.
bruoS ukuli voreq ¹udes. onjuas afxanagefSa meurq.
- so meulu//meurq?
- ninoSa meurq.
- sovreSe moulu?
- sofelSe moulu//mourq.
- so meulu//meurq?
232
- TeatrSa meulu//meurq.
- sovreSe moulu//mourq?
- ¹udeSe moulu//mourq.
- muT moulu//mourq?
- kuCxiT moulu//mourq.
- muJams meulu//meurq quTeSSa?
- quTeSSa arT TuTaSa meulu//meurq.
- nam wanas mours sqani jima italiaSe?
- Cqimi jima 2007 wanas mours italiaSe.
- muT mours?
- va miCqu, albaT gemiT TurqeTSa do ukuli maSnaT
- muJams i¹i Taq?
- Taq Jir maraSa//maraSoT i¹i
megrulSic moqmedebiTi brunvis niSania: - iT+i/-T+i
kuCx-iT – fexiT gem-iT – gemiT

xe-T(i) _ xeliT urem-iT//araba-Ti – urmiT
maSna-T(i) _ manqaniT cxen-iT – cxeniT
avtobus-iT _ avtobusiT velospet-iT – velosipediT
metro-T _ metroTi
daimaxsovreT:
- muSeni? – ratom?
- TiSeni – imitom
- TiSeni namda – imitom, rom
muJams? –
irdRas _ yoveldRe
iro//iriaTo _ yovelTvis
adras//ardas _ adre
malas _ male
minSa//kankaleSa _ zogjer.
gvians – gvian
ukuli – mere,Semdeg
233
arT TuTaSa//arT TuTas//arTi TuTaSoT – erT TveSi
Jir maraSa//Jir maras//Jiri maraSoT _ or kviraSi, orKkvi-
ras, ori kvira
xuT dRaSa//xuT dRaSoT _ xuT dReSi

bruo wanaSa//Bbruo wanaSoT _ rva weliwadSi
Jiri anTas SqviT wanas – 2007 wels
wirwanas – wlevandel wels, wels
gowos/uliri wanas – SarSan/gasul wels
mumalu wanas – momaval wels
so¹ureSe//soureSe//soleSe//sole? – saidan?
¹udeSe – saxlidan
Cqim ¹udeSe _ Cemi saxlidan
skolaSe – skolidan
qarTSe – Tbilisidan
soxumSe – soxumidan
quTeSiSe – quTaisidan
eseni gamoxataven mimarTulebasac, gaaCnia konteqsts: saiT-

ken?
¹udeSe mevurq – saxlisken mivdivar
muJam(i)Se? – rodidan?
oWmare//ordo–oWmareSe//ordoSe dila – dilidan

onjua _ onjuaSeE saRamo _ saRamodan
seri – seriSe Rame – Ramidan
Sqaseri _ SqaseriSe SuaRame _ SuaRamidan
nasqasuru _ nasqaseriSe naSuaRamevi _ naSuaRamevidan
xuT saTi – xuT saTSe xuTi saaTi – xuTi saaTidan
234
- gamarjeba!
- gamarjeba!
- so meurq Te Sqa sers?
- amsersi samuSas ipiq MmTel sers.
- muSeni?
- TiSeni namda breli samuSa miRuna do oWmareSe onjuaSa
Teq voreTYarZa.
- muJamSa i¹iq samuSas?
- Wume oWmareS Cxoro saTSa.
miSe? – visgan?
boSi – boSi-Se levani – levani-Se
dida – dida-Se nana – nana-Se
ZRabi – ZRabi-Se daTo – daTo-Se
soiSa(x)? – sadamde?
¹udeSa(x) – saxlamde baRSa(x) – baRamde/parkamde
skolaSa(x) – skolamde universitetSa(x) – universitetamde
muJamSa(x)? / nam saTSa(x)? _ ra dromde?//rodemde?/

romel saaTamde?
oWmare – oWmareSa(x) dila _ dilamde
onjua – onjuaSa(x) saRamo – saRamomde
ondRe – ondReSa(x) SuadRe – SuadRemde
naondRu//naondReri _ naondRerSa(x) naSuadRevi _ naSuadRemde
xuT saTi – xuT saTSa(x) xuTi saaTi – xuT saaTamde
- deda, ma amdRa kinoSa meurq(u).
- muJams re kino?
- Cxoro saTis.
- muJamSa va murq(u)?
- viTaarTi saTSa.
- malas qumorTi//q¸morTi!
- jgiri.
235
- baba, Wume ¹udes vepiq.
- muJamSe muJamSa vei¹iq//ve¹iq?
- albaT oWmareSe amSvi saTSax.
- jgiri, aba, amSviS ukuli q¸murq¸.
gadmoaqarTuleT:
1. so rdi gowos?--------------------------------------------------------
2. so i¹iq Ti maras?-----------------------------------------------------
3. so rdi 2005 wanas (b)zarxuls?---------------------------------
4. muzma dRaSa meulu//meurq baTumSa?----------------------------
5. arT maraSa//arT maraSoT qarTis i¹iqo?------------------------
6. muzma TuTaSa//TuTaSoT murs sqani afxanag/ki?---------------
7. adre meulo ¹udeSa?--------------------------------------------------
8. ¹udeSa iriaTo gvians meurqo?-------------------------------------
9. gilulo kinoSa?-------------------------------------------------------
10. nam saTis meurq samuSaSa?-------------------------------------------
11. muT gilurq samuSaSa?-----------------------------------------------
12. irdRas gilurqo samuSaSa?-----------------------------------------
13. xSiras gilurqo TeatrSa?------------------------------------------
14. so meurq amdRa samuSaS ukuli?----------------------------------
15. soleSe//sov/ureSe mourq?------------------------------------------
16. ortvinSe mourqo?----------------------------------------------------
SeavseT nimuSis mixedviT:
¹ude _ ¹udeSe _ ¹udeSax
duqani ------------------------------------------------------------------------
samuSa ------------------------------------------------------------------------
amerika -----------------------------------------------------------------------
oze ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
oWmare ------------------------------------------------------------------------
onjua ------------------------------------------------------------------------
ondRe -------------------------------------------------------------------------
236
nino - ninoSe
uCiteli ------------------------
dida ------------------------------
dei --------------------------------
afxanagi ------------------------
mezobeli ----------------------
dida do muma ---------------
CasviT `mivdivar~ zmnis saTanado droisa da piris formebi:

1. ma irdRas ----------------------------- samuSaSa.
2. mu amdRa operaSa --------------------------------.
3. Cqim afxanaki amdRa Cqimda ----------------.
4. Cqim stumari amdRa -------------------------- quTeSiSe.
5. Cqi zugidiS botanikur baRSa -------------------------
6. maxvTa sarTulSa kuCxiT ----------------------------------.
7. ¹udeSe irdRas ------------------------- bruo saTis.
8. ¹udeSa gvians ------------------------------------.
9. Tina quCas ---------------------------.
10. ir oWmares skolaSa ----------------------- avtobusiT.
XIII.
`mivdivar~ zmnis formebi momavalSi:
ma ulu/¸//urq (me waval) Cqi/¸ ur-T (Cven wavalT)

si ulu/¸//urq (Sen waxval) Tqva ur-T (Tqven waxvalT)
mu/Tina urs (is wava) munefi/Tinefi ula(n) (isini wavlen)
qimulu/¸//qimurq - mival moulu//mourq - moval

midulu/¸//midurq - waval q¸mou-
lu//q¸mourq - wamoval
geSulu/¸//geSurq - aval(zeviT) gimu-
lu//gimurq - Camoval(qveviT)
gegmulu//gegmurq - gaval(gareT) miniblenq//minurq-Semoval(SigniT)
237
- muJams urq bakurianSa?

- TuTaSxas urq
- sqan(i) squalefi muJams ula?
- Tinefi SqviT qirse TuTas ula?
- muJams dikurq bakurianSe?
- malas dikurq, Jiri maraSa//maraSo.
- nino muJams dikurs?
- nino va miCqu, albeT//albaT arT maraS ukul(i).
- qeTi, muJams mourq Cqimda qarTSa?
- malas mourq! arT TuTaSa!
- diasqani do muasqani xolo moulano?
- qo, moula.
- ukul(i) muJams meurT mariamSa?
- albaT Jir maraSa midurT.
- nam saTis murs DdaTo?
- daTo viT saTis murs.
- nam saTis mula s(t)umarefi?
- s(t)umarefi onjuas mula, SqviT saTis.
- nam saTis murs sqani mami//mamda?
- Cqim mamda amdRa oWmares murs.
- nam saTis re stoli Wume?
- stoli Wume onjuas re.
waikiTxeT teqsti:
amdRa Cqi koncertSa meurT. Cqinwkuma arTo moula Cqini
s(t)umarefi do Cqimi dida do muma. Cqi iriaTo arTo gi-
lurT koncertefSa. Cqini afxanagefi xolo iriaTo gilula
koncertefSa. Wume dadianefiS muzeumSa mepuna s(t)umarefi.
dadianefiS muzeumi Zalam sqvami re. Teq re sqvami do jveSi
baRi, sode oSi do jiroSwaneri jalefi Cans(dargulia) ir-
dixas.
238
*
arTi saTiS
Jir dRaS
sum maraS ukuli//ikuli
oTx TuTaS
xuT wanaS
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- gamarjeba sqani!
- gamarjeba!
- muWo req?
- jgiro, muTa miWirs. si muWo req?
- ma xolo muTa miWirs.
- muJams meurq qarTSa?
- Jir dRaS ukuli//ikuli.
- moskovSa vemurqo?
- qo, moskovSa xolo meurq, mara dio vari. moskovSa xuT
TuTaS ukuli//ikuli meurq.
- amdRa mus orTuq?
- amdRa, arT saTiS ukuli//ikuli gogiSa oko ibde.
- jgiro orda!
1. so urq amdRa samuSaS ukuli?

2. urqo sabatons TeatrSa?
3. nam saTis meulu//meurq ninoSa?
4. qumurqo Wume gakveTilSa?
5. muT urq SoneSa//SoneTSa?
6. muJams murs Tqvani Soferi?
7. muJams murs sqani ojaxi?
8. sabatons urqo muzeumSa?
9. muJams mourq aWaraSe?
10. Wume midurqo sqani daS SioxvalamSa?
239
CasviT “wasvla” zmna momaval droSi:
ma amdRa adre ------------------------------

xoleberefi Wume -------------------------- restoranSa.
Cqim moTa qarTSa ------------------------- arTi TuTaSa.
merabi aeroport¸SaAmaSnaT ---------------------.
arT maraSa Tina --------------------------- masvanjebSa?
onjuas Tinefi ------------------- restoranSa afxanagefiS Siox-
valamSa.
ma TaxaSxas ve --------------------- samuSaSa.
Tina amdRa TeatrSa ---------------------.
Cqimi afxanagefi amdRa ------------------ Cqimda.
sqani stumari gorSe Wumani//Wume ------------------.
Cqi//Cq¸ albaT arT TuTaSa axal ¹udeSa ----------------.
Jir TuTaS ukuli ----------- londonSa.
Cqimi dida do muma ¹udeSa gvians -------------------.
XIV.
`mivdivar~ zmna warsulSi
ma ibdi (me wavedi) Cqi ibdi-T (Cven wavediT)

si idi (Sen waxvedi) Tqva idi-T (Tqven waxvediT)
muq idu/¸ (is wavida) munefq//munenq id-es
(isini wavidnen)
qimefrTi – mivedi q¸mofrTi _ movedi

midafrTi – wavedi molafrTi _ wamovedi
eSafrTi – avedi iSebli//eSebli _ amovedi
dinivli//dinovrTi _ Cavedi gimebli – Camovedi
minofrTi – Sevedi gemnofrTi//minibli–Semovedi//Sevedi
gimibli _ gavedi gegmofrTi _ gamovedi
ginofrTi – gadavedi gegnofrTi – gadmovedi
gilafrTi – viare
240
- gamarjeba, sqani!
- so re levani?
- levan(i) va re ¹udes.
- so idu?
- restoranSa idu oWkomSa//oWkumSa//oWkumuSa.
- muJams idu?
- pirvel saTis idu.
- xvale iduo?
- vari, afxanagefwk¸ma arTo idu.
- si vemulo//vemurqo//vemeulo//vemeurqo?
- qo, ma xolo meulu gverd saTSa//saTSoT.
- sovreSe mozojiT?
- qarTSe mofrTi.
- Tqvani s(t)umarq sovreSe morTu/¸?
- Cqim s(t)umarq amerikaSe morTu/¸.
- muJams morTu/¸ amerikaSe?
- Jir TuTaS woxole.
- xvale morTuo?
- vari, muS ojaxobawk¸ma arTo morTu.
- sqvami osuri ¹unso?
- muTa uWirs.
axali sityvebi:
mozojiT – mobrZandiT
woxole – win, winaT
muTa uWirs – ara uSavs, araferi uWirs
muTuni vauWirs _ araferi ar uWirs
oWkomSa – saWmelad
mamda /mami – mamida
Sioxvamilafaro – Sesaxvedrad
241
mosvanjeba//mosvanjafa//mosvanja//moSvandafa//moSvanda – dasve-
neba
ibdaT! – wavideT!
SioxvalamSa – Sesaxvedrad
xvale – marto, mxolod
ifrTuq – vbrundebi
bla¹afendiT – vTamaSobdiT
kiTxulens – kiTxulobs
muSendes – muSaobdnen
*
arT(i) saTiS(i)
oTx(i) dRaS(i)
Jir(i) maraS(i) woxole (win)
sum(i) TuTaS(i)
xuT(i) wanaS(i)
savarjiSoebi:
1. so idi goRa skolaS(i) ukuli?----------------------------------
2. sovreSe morTi?--------------------------------------------------------
3. ¹udeSe morTio?--------------------------------------------------------
4. Tinenq so ides koncertiS ukuli?-------------------------------
5. nikaq sabatons TeatrSa iduo?-------------------------------------
6. nam saTis morTu Tqvani uCitelq?--------------------------------
7. muJams morT sqan faniaq?--------------------------------------------
8. sabatons eqskursiaSa idiTo?--------------------------------------
9. midarTeso kinoSa?-----------------------------------------------------
10. gegnorTiTo axal ¹udeSa?------------------------------------------
242
2. CasviT `wasvla~ forma warsulSi:
goRa ma onjuaSa ----------------------- restoranSa.
Cqim(i) afxanagefq//afxanagenq ------------------- s(t)umaro.
diaCqimq qarTSa ------------------------ gowos.
daTo arTi saTiS woxole quCas gilardu do ase va miCqu
so --------------------.
Tiq axal ¹udeSa -----------------------.
goRa onjuas Tinefi Cqimda ---------------------------.
XV.
`mivdivar~ zmna II kavSirebiTSi:
megrulSi ornairi kavSirebiTi gvaqvs I-sa da II piris mxo-
lobiT ricxvSi: -e an –a daboloebiT.
ma oko ibde//midabrTe(ibda//midabrTa) me unda wavide
si oko ide//midarTe (ida//midarTa) Sen unda waxvide
muq oko idas//midarTas is unda wavides.
Cqi//Cq¸ oko ibda-T//midabrTaT Cven unda wavideT
Tqva oko ida-T//midarTaT Tqven unda waxvideT
munefq//munenq oko ida-n(i)//midarTan(i) isini unda wavidnen.
SeadareT:
ma moko ibde//midabrTen(i) me minda wavide

si goko ide//midarTen(i) Sen ginda waxvide
mus oko idas//midarTas(i) mas unda wavides
Cqi//Cq¸ mokona ibdaT//midabrTaT(ini) Cven gvinda wavideT

Tqva gokona idaT//midarTaT(ini) Tqven gindaT waxvideT
munefs//munens okona idan(i)//midarTan(i) maT undaT wavidnen
 “ibde”s aqvs ufro usruli aspeqtis gageba, vidre “midab-

rTe” formas.
243
ma Semleb(u) ibde me SemiZlia wavide
si Se(g)ileb(u) ide Sen SegiZlia waxvide
mus Seuleb(u) idas mas SeuZlia wavides
Cqi//Cq¸ Semlebuna ibdaT Cven SegviZlia wavideT
Tqva Se(g)ilebuna idaT Tqven SegiZliaT waxvideT
munefs//munens Seulebna idan(i) maT SeuZliaT wavidnen
brZanebiTis uaryofiTi forma:

- ve-da(T)! ar waxvide(T)!
- va-morTa(T)! ar moxvide(T)!
- va-mnorTa(T)! ar Semoxvide(T)!
- ve-gmorTa(T)! ar gaxvide(T)!
- muJams oko morTe qarTSa?
- TuTaSxas, mara veSemlebu, va bCod¸, aeroportSa oko ibde,
Cqimi Cili do squa moskovSe murs//mours.
- muTa uWirs! gokonda, TuTaSxas qumorTi, ma Tavis(u)fal
voreq oWmareS viTi saTSe pirvel saTSax.
- oWmares veSemleb(u) moula, Cqimi osurq samuSaSa oko
idas do ma ¹udes oko vorde. qiSilebenda, onjuas q¸mou-
lu, xuT saTis.
- vari, xu saTis va morTa, ma veSemlebu, brel saqme miRu,
vammaWiSe, amSvis qumorTi! q¸Seilebuno?
- qo, Semlebu, aucilebero qumuli//q¸moulu.
- muJams oko idaT gudaurSa?
- memiCqun(i), obiSxas oko ibdaT.
- Tqvani jima xolo mourso?
- qo, Tina xolo mours Cqinwk¸ma arTo.
- muJams oko dirTaT gudaurSe?
- JeSxa onjuas Taq ipiT. si xolo Seilebu Cqinwkma arTo
molarTeni.
- maldoba//madloba, mara veSemlebu, vafCodu.
- nam(u) quCaSa mezojunT?
244
- faliaSviliS quCaSa me(v)urT.
- nam(u) nomerSa mezojunT?
- viToxuT nomerSa meulu do ukuli TavisuflebaS moedanSa
meurqu.
- jgiri, ibdaT!
savarjiSoebi:
so oko ide skolaS ukuli? -------------------------------------------

so goko ideni? ------------------------------------------------------------
so oko idan(i) baRanefq//baRanenq amdRa? --------------------------
sabatons TeatrSa oko ideo? ------------------------------------------
nam saTis oko mobrTe Wume//Wumani gakveTilSa? -----------------
nam saTis oko morTani sumarefq//sumarenq? -----------------------
muJams goko sqan ojaxiq morTasin? ---------------------------------
Wume//Wumani oko ibdaTo ongarSa? -----------------------------------
muJams Seilebu Cqimda morTen? ---------------------------------------
Seilebno maRaziaSa ula? -----------------------------------------------
2. CasviT “wasvla” zmna kavSirebiTSi:

Wume//Wumani ma oko --------------------- sofelSa.
ma veSemlebu ------------------- samuSaSa TuTaSxas.
Cqim(i) mezobelefs okona ---------------- kinoSa.
sqani afxanagiq oko ------------- baTumSa geRani.
giorgis veSuleb(u) --------------- bazarSa, saqme uRu.
Jir maraSa Te ¹udeSa oko --------------.
muJams goko ------------------ ninoSa?
245
vagokono ma do si -------------------------- babCqimSa?
onjuas Tinefq Cqimda oko --------------------.
sabatons Tqva oko ---------------------- Te koCiS unCaSiSa.
daToq sum saTis oko ------------------ skolaSe.
axali sityvebi:
qoSilebenda//qiSilebenda – Tu SeiZleba
vammaWiSe – ver movaswreb
sadili – sadili
gilard¸ _ idga
veSemlebu – ar SemiZlia
vabCodu – ar mcalia
moula//mula – mosvla
oko – unda
Sone//SoneTi – svaneTi
Soni – svani
osursqua – qaliSvili
qomolsqua – vaJiSvili
qomolkaTa – mamakacebi
osurkaTa – dedakacebi//qalebi
kaTa – xalxi
breli – bevri
dRars//dRas var//dRas – arasdros
Cieba – laparaki, saubari
muTuni – araferi
debabdi – davibade
nina – ena
soni? _ sadauri?
sovreSe/sovre?/soure? _ saidan?
muWomi? – rogori?
muneri? – ranairi?
246
XVI.
erovneba da qveynebi
qi¹ana(qveyana) nacia(erovneba) mu?namu? (ra?romeli?)
mi(n)?(vin?) soni?(sadauri?) muWomi? (rogori?)
saqorTuo qorTu qorTuli
ruseTi rusi rusuli
germania neme(n)ci (немец)// neme(n)curi//
germaneli leme(n)curi//germanuli
italia italieli italiuri
saqorTuoS mxarefi//kunTxuefi:
saafxazo afxaza afxazuri
samargalo margali margaluri
aWara aWareli aWaruli
Sone//SoneTi Soni Sonuri
saqorTuoS prezidenti _ saqarTvelos prezidenti

elax¸ saqorTuo – aRmosavleT saqarTvelo
melax¸ saqorTuo – dasavleT saqarTvelo
bJaiolu/¸ saqorTuo _ aRmosavleT saqarTvelo
bJadaal¸/u saqorTuo – dasavleT saqarTvelo
kaTa – xalxi
nacia – eri, erovneba
- mu naciaS koC req?/ soni/¸ req?

- ma qorTu voreq. si soni req?
- ma rusi voreq.
- Ti sqani sumari soni re?
- Cqim sumari amerikaSe re.
- Ti osuri soni re,nam kunTxuSe?
- Tina Soni re, SoneSe.
- sovreSe req?
- ma qarTSe voreq.
247
- qorTu reqo?
- qo, qorTu voreq
- nam kunTxuSe req?
- ma margali voreq, samargaloSe, mara qarTis debabdi do
Teq bcxovrenq.
- xvale cxovrenq do vari ojaxi r¹uns?
- xvale vabcxovrenq, Cil do squa puns.
- muzma//musxi squa r¹uns?
- arTi osursqua do arTi qomolsqua.
- sqani squalefs/c margaluri quCqunano (ician)?
- Cqimi cira dio gvalo WiWe re do veCieb¸ (ar laparakobs)
muTuns, Cqim boSi xuTi waneri re do irfeli arCqile (es-
mis) margaluro.
- sqani afxanakefi sovreSe rena?
- Cqimi afxanakefi Taqianefi (aqaurebi) rena, qorTuefi rena.
- gvalo jgiri, baba, aba, jgiro miZirdaT!
- jgiro zojundaT, pateni.
Wume SoneSa//SoneTSa me(v)urq. ma Soni afxanaki puns. ma

Zalami mi¹ors SonefiS oWkomalefi:kubdari do WviStari.
Jir maraSa ma safrangeTSa meurq, TiSen namda Zalami
mobwons Te qi¹ana.
arT TuTaSa indoeTSa meulu. Zalams mointeresu Te qi-
ana. indoeTSe breli afxanaki puns. indoeTiS xalxi sainte-
reso kaTa re. dRas vamWkomu TinefiS oWkomali.
gowos saberZneTis vordi. Zalams mobwons berZen kaTa.
breli berZnuli wingefi miRu.
zarxuls sofels vordi, baxvis. baxvi Cqimi mamiS so-
feli re. Te sofeli gurias re. Zalam sqvami sofeli re. ir
zarxuls Teq meurT arZa.
248
qarTi _ Tbilisi
qarTi saqorTuoS dedaqalaqi re. saqorTuos jveSi do
saintereso istoria uRu. saqorTuo arZa urcxo kaTas oin-
teres¸. ir zarxuls qarTSa breli urcxoeli mours. qarTi
sqvami qalaqi re. Taq breli re oZirafali. breli re sqvami
¹ude do quCa. nabetani saintereso re jveSi qarTi. Taq bre-
li eklesia//oxvame re. qarTis cxovrena qorTuefi, rusefi,
somexefi, azerbaijanelefi, berZenefi. qarTis re Teatrefi,
kinoefi, biblioTekefi, muzeumefi, maRaziefi. Taq breli res-
toranefi re. qarTis brelneri oWkomaliS Wkomua Silebe.
amindefi qarTis jgiri re. zarxuls sinCxe re, 25-30
gradusi re, zoTonjis//zoTons Cxuru re, Tuns, ¹inuns. gi-
Sulirs do damorCils rgili amindefi re.
zarxuli – zafxuli
giSuliri – gazafxuli
damorCili – Semodgoma
zoTonji – zamTari
giSulirs – gazafxulze
zarxuls – zafxulSi
damorCils – Semodgomaze
zoTonjis//zoTons – zamTarSi
ma mi¹ors me miyvars
si gi¹ors Sen giyvars
Tis (mus) u¹ors mas uyvars
Cqi/¸ mi¹ora(n) Cven gviyvars
Tqva gi¹ora(n) Tqven giyvarT
Tinefs//Tinens u¹ora(n) maT uyvarT
(munefs//munens)
249
ma mob/pwons me momwons
si morwons Sen mogwons
Tis mowons mas moswons
Cqi/¸ mob/pwona(n) Cven mogvwons
Tqva morwona(n) Tqven mogwonT
Tinefs//Tinens mowona(n) maT moswonT
ma mointeresu/¸ me mainteresebs
si gointeresu/¸ Sen gainteresebs
Tis ointeresu/¸ mas ainteresebs
Cqi/¸ mointeresna(n) Cven gvainteresebs
Tqva gointeresna(n) Tqven gainteresebT
Tinefs//Tinens ointeresna(n) maT ainteresebT
ma miCq¸(n) me vici
si giCq¸(n) Sen ici
Tis uCq¸(n) man icis
Cqi miCq¸na(n) Cven viciT
Tqva giCq¸na(n) Tqven iciT
Tinefs//Tinens uCq¸na(n) maT ician
magram: Te ZRabis ib/fCine//ib/fCinenq (vicnob)
ma ibCine(nq)//ifCine(nq) me vicnob
si iCine(nq) Sen icnob
mu/Tina iCinens is icnobs
Cqi ibCinenT//ifCinenT Cven vicnobT
Tqva iCinenT Tqven icnobT
Tinefi iCinena(n) isini icnoben
250
savarjiSoebi:
1. mu morwona qarTis?--------------------------------------------------
2. mu vamorwona qarTis?------------------------------------------------
3. nam restoran morwona qarTis?------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. ¹udeefi morwonano qarTis? muSeni?----------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. qorTuli musika do bira(simRera) morwonano?---------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. qorTuli oWkomalefi morwonano? nam morwona?-------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SeavseT gamotovebuli adgilebi:
ma Zalams mointeresu -----------------------------.
ma Teq breli afxanakefi ----------------------.
----------------------- saintereso kaTa re.
mobwons ------------------------- sqvami buneba.
zarxuls vordi --------------------------.
ma ------------------------------ WiTa Rvini mobwons.
ma breli --------------------- wingefi miRu.
mus Zalams u¹ors -------------------------- Cai.
muS bebi ------------------------ re.
dialogebi:
- nam nina giCqu?
- ma miCqu qorTuli, margaluri, Sonuri, rusuli do in-
glisuri.
- sovre giCqu Tezma//Tesxi nina?
- muaCqimi qorTu re, diaCqimi margali re, rusuli do in-
glisurs skolas moguruana(maswavlian) do Sonuri ase
dibgure Cqim afxanakSe.
- sqan afxanaki Soni reno?
- qo, Soni re.
- nam raionSe re?
- mestiaS raionSe re.
251
- Sones//SoneTis cxovrenso?
- vari, qarTis cxovrens, mara Sonuri uCqu.
- Tqva nam ninaSa iCiebuT ¹udes?
- ¹udes minSa margaluro ibCiebuT, minSa qorTulo.
- sqan jimas xolo uCquno margaluri?
- qo, Cqi arZas miCquna margaluri.
- gvalo jgiri, baba, oko giCqudani.
- sqani urcxo afxanagefs/c qorTuli nina quCqunano?
- arZas vari, xvale aTe Jir boSis uCqu.
- Te boSefi soni rena?
- Tenefi amerikelefi rena?
- sovreSe uCquna qorTuli?
- Taq guraflena(swavloben).
- muSo okona qorTuli nina?
- institutis guraflena(swavloben).
- sqani jima so re?
- Cqimi jima germanias re.
- mu oko germanias?
- Teq guraflens.
- mus guraflens?.
- saeqimos guraflens.
- mu ninaSa guraflens?.
- nemecur ninaSa guraflens.
- jgiro uCquno germanuli nina?
- qo, gvalo jgiro uCqu do Teq xolo gilurs ninaS da-
gurafSa(saswavlad).
- sqani unCaSi soni re?
- Cqim unCaSi qorTu re, qarTSe morTu.
- mu nina uCqu?
- Cqim unCaSis jgiro uCqu qorTuli do WiWeT//ondeT mar-
galuri.
- so diguru margaluri?
- margaluri Taq diguru.
- muzma xan re Taqi re?
- arTi wana qore.
252
savarjiSo:
Cqim squaS afxanakis ------------------ espanuri nina.

sqani ma¹alefs jgiro ----------------------- qorTuli nina.
diamuSis breli nina ---------------.
Te koc jgiro --------------------------.
Tqva rusuli -----------------------------?
Cqi//Cq¸ WiWe margaluri -------------------------, mara Tqva Su-
ro ------------------------------------.
si jgiro ---------------- inglisuri?
ma va --------------------- inglisuri jgiro.
XVII.
viTarebis zmnizedebi:
muWomi? – rogori? SeadareT: muWo? - rogor?

jgiri//jg¸ri(kargi) jgiro//jg¸ro (kargad)
glaxa (cudi) glaxas//T (cudad)
sqvami//skvami(lamazi) sqvamas//skvamas (lamazad)
swori//mangi(swori, toli) sworas//mangas (sworad)
Tini//Tinu(swori, gamarTuli) Tinas (sworad, gamarTulad)
ioli iolas (iolad)
Zneli Znelas (Znelad)
kunta(mokle) kuntas (mokled)
qorTuli (qarTuli) qorTulo (qarTulad)
Tavisufali Tavisufalo (Tavisuflad)
ginZe//girZe//g¸nZe//g¸rZe (grZeli) ginZas (grZlad)
neli nelas (nela)
Cqari Cqaras (Cqara)
253
waikiTxe winadadebebi:
ma qorTuli miCqu. ma bWarunq, bkiTxulenq do ibCiebuq

qorTulo. si xolo jgiro iCiebuq do kiTxulenq qorTulo,
mara Warua vaiCqu. Tina WiWes iCiebu qorTulo.
Cqim margali afxanakefi jgiro iCiebuna qorTulo, mara
Warua do kiTxiri jgiro ve Seuleb¸na. kaxa Cqaras iCiebu,
daTo nelas iCiebu do Tako Suro veCiebu qorTulo, mara
kiTxulens jgiro.
- gamarjeba, Cqimi jima!

- muWo reT?
- jgiro voreT, RoronTiS WyolofuaT. Tqva muWo zojunT?
- Cqi xolo muTa miWira.
- Tqvani moTa so re?
- nam(u) moTa, unCaSi Tu ukulaSi//uklaSi?
- varTi unCaSi do varTi uk(u)laSi, Tqvani oSkari//oSqari
moTa so re?
- Cqimi oSkari//oSqari moTa, nino, qarTis guraflens, aq vare.
- muJams idu qarTiSa?
- ukve arTi wana re muT idun.
- mus orT¸ (akeTebs) Teq?
- guraflens.
- mus guraflens?
- urcxo qianaS ninas.
- nam qianaS ninas guraflens?
- vamiCqu, nana, inglisurs oko guraflendas//guraflendasoko.
- muJams dirTu(dabrundeba)?
- dio vari, nana, albeT, oTx wanaSa.
- oZirafSa Suro va murso?
- qo, zarxuls oko morTas arTi TuTaTi.
- jgiri, jgiro zojundaT,pateni!
254
- jgiro orda, squa!
- gamarjebaT!
- gamarjebaT!
- wyari qiSilebeno?
- muWo vari, nana, inWaSi wyari gokona do kraniSi?
- inWaSi misxununa, qiSilebenda!
- muWo vari, amari re inWa do geSeRiT wyari vedraT, a, Wirqa.
- ma didi madlobeli voreq.
- muSeni iSqidanq, sqani Wiri!
- jgiro zojundaT!
- jgiro ordaT!
axali sityvebi:
oZirafuSa – sanaxavad
Suro – saerTod, sul, sruliad
gvalo – mTlianad, sul
vedra - vedro
Wirqa – Wiqa
muSeni iSqidanq! – rogor gekadreba!, ratom kadrulob?
I subieqturi piris niSani megrulSi aris v- , romelic

xmovnebis win daculia, xolo zugdidur-samurzayanulSi
Tanxmovnebis win v- gadadis poziciurad oTx sxva bgeraSi:
b- (mJRerebis win), f- (yru fSvinvierebis win), p- (yru
mkveTrebis win), m- (cxvirismierTa win).
II subieqturi piris niSani megruls ara aqvs.
III subieqturi piris niSnebia: -s, -n, -e.
SeniSvna: megrulSi axlandel droSi zmnis subieqturi wyo-

biT uRlebisas I da II piris formebs moudiT -q sufiqsi.
I subieqturi piris formaTa mravlobiToba gamoixateba
-T sufiqsiT, II subieqturi pirisac -T sufiqsiT, III subieq-
turi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niSnebia: -an, -es.
255
I v- (b-//f-//p-//m-) ________ v- (b-//f-//p-//m-) ____ -T
II _________________________ _____________________ -T
III _______________ -s, -n, -u ________________ -an, -es
subieqti saxelobiT brunvaSia, obieqti _ micemiTSi.
Warua - wera
ma b/p-War¸nq me v-wer
si War¸nq Sen wer
mu/Tina War¸ns/c is wer-s
Cqi//Cq¸ b/p-War¸n-T Cven v-wer-T
Tqva War¸n-T Tqven wer-T
munefi/Tinefi War¸n-a(n) isini wer-en
kiTxiri – kiTxva
ma b/p-kiTxulenq me v-kiTxulob
si kiTxulenq Sen kiTxulob
mu/Tina kiTxulen-s is kiTxulob-s
Cqi//Cq¸ b/p-kiTxulen-T Cven v-kiTxulob-T
Tqva kiTxulen-T Tqven kiTxulob-T
munefi/Tinefi kiTxulen-a(n) isini kiTxulob-en
Cieba, ragadi – laparaki, saubari
ma ib/-fCiebuq//b-ragadanq me v-laparakob
si iCiebuq//ragadanq Sen laparakob
mu/Tina iCiebu//ragadans is laparakob-s
Cqi//Cq¸ ib/f-Ciebu-(n)T//b-ragadanT Cven v-laparakob-T
Tqva iCiebuT//ragadan-T Tqven laparakob-T
munefi/Tinefi iCiebun-a(n)//ragadan-a(n) isini laparakob-en
256
gurafa - swavla
ma b-guraflenq me vswavlob
si guraflenq Sen swavlob
mu/Tina guraflen-s is swavlobs
Cqi//Cq¸ b-guraflen-T Cven vswavlobT
Tqva guraflen-T Tqven swavlobT
munefi/Tinefi guraflen-a(n) isini swavloben
eka wingis kiTxulens

- mi(n) kiTxulens wingis? _ eka
- mus kiTxulens eka? _ wingis
ma baraTis//qaRardis bWar¸nq.
- mi(n) War¸ns baraTis//qaRardis? – ma.
- mus bWar¸nq ma? _ baraTis//qaRardis.
ma baraTis//qaRardis bWar¸nq Cqim afxanakiSa

- miSa War¸nq baraTis//qaRardis? _ afxanakiSa
- mus War¸nq afxanakiSa? – baraTis//qaRardis
giorgi daToSen iCiebu//ragadans.

- miSen iCiebu//ragadans giorgi? _ daToSen(i).
- mi(n) iCiebu//ragadans daToSeni? _ giorgi.
ma qorTulo Warua miCqu.

ma kiTxiri mi¹ors.
mus breli Cieba u¹ors.
munefi//Tinefi Tel dRas guraflena
maRazias//duqans
- gamarjebaT!
- gamarjebaT!
- ma margaluri-qorTuli leq/ksikoni moko, giRunano?
257
- mi re leqsikoniS maWarali (mwerali)?
- leqsikoniS maWarali re oTar qajaia.
- a, amari re, nam wingi gokona?
- muzma wingi re?
- sumi wingi re.
- arZa giRunano?
- qo, sumxolo miRuna.
- sumxolo qomCiT. mu Rir¸?
- arZa arTo oTxoneCi lari Rir¸.
- o, Zalam Zviri re, mara mosaWiru. q¸moZiriT qiSilebenda.
- a,pateni. muSo gokona Te wingi?
- margalur ninas bgurafleq.
- Zneli reno?
- vari, vare Zneli, mara dro oko do jgiri uCiteli. jgiri
leqqsikoni re, qomuCiT qiSilebenda.
- inebiT!
- didi madlobeli voreq.
- muSeni iSqidanT,pateni!
axali sityvebi:
Teli – mTeli
mosaWiru – mWirdeba
arTo – erTad
sumxolo – samive
maWarali – damweri, mwerali(aq: Semdgeneli)
q¸moZiriT – maCveneT!
savarjiSoebi:
muWo iCiebu qorTulo?--------------------------------------------------

diasqani muWo kiTxulens rusulo?_---------------------------------
sqani mowafefi jgiro iCiebunano margaluro?--------------------
258
nam iCiebu ujguSo rusulo _ daTo Tu Tamriko?---------------
baRanefi wyinaras Warunano inglisurs?-----------------------------
xonarmaRalo iCiebuna Ti koCefi mi(n) rena?-----------------------
Cqim squa Tavisufalo iCiebu sum(i) ninaSa. sqani nam ninaSa
iCiebu?-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. CasviT erTi fuZidan momdinare zedsarTavi saxeli da

zmnizeda:
maka -------------------------- studenti re.

Tina ----------------- iCiebu qorTulo.
Ti ZRabi ------------ re. diamuSis gu//g¸ (hgavs).
Te ZRabi -------------- Waruns do kiTxulens.
Cqini boSefi ------------------ va guraflena. TiSeni namda ozarna
(ezarebaT).
amdRa ----------------- dRa re, Wvens do Cxuru re.
Cqimi ¹ude
- so cxovrenq?
- ma saqorTuos bcxovrenq, qarTis.
- nam quCas cxovrenq?
- ma abaSiZeS quCas bcxovrenq.
- nam nomeri re sqani ¹ude?//nam nomer ¹udes cxovrenq?
- ma bcxovrenq SqviT nomers.
- nam sarTuls reT?
- maCxora sarTuls bcxovrenq.
- muzma oTax¸//Toli giRu binas?//muzma oTaxami//muzma
Tolam re sqani bina?
- Cqimi bina xuToTaxam//xuTTolami re// binas xuT oTa-
xi//Toli re: sumi danjirali oTaxi, arTi didi sasuma-
ro oTaxi do arTi baRanaS oTaxi.
- kuCxardgili ¹udes giRunano?
- qo, ¹udes Jiri kuCxardgili do Jiri vana re.
- ¹udes abarwa quRuno?
259
- qo, didi abarwa miRuna woxoleSe do WiWe balkoni mi-
Runa ukaxaleSe.
- sqani jima so cxovrens?
- Cqim jima vare ase Taq, sofelSa idu do Teq cxovrens.
- sofels so cxovrens?
- sofels ¹ude uRu do Teq re ase.
- miS ¹ude re?
- Cqim(i) bebi do babuS ¹ude re.
- didi ¹ude reno?
- qo, JirsarTuliani ¹ude re.
- muzma Toli re ¹udes?
- ¹ude did vare, Tudo (qveviT) Jiri Toli re do Ji (ze-
moT) sum Toli re.
- meti muSo oko?
- var muTunSo (arc arafrisTvis).
- oze quRuno ¹udes?
- qo, ¹udes didi oze uRu, ozes irfeli//ifreli re: baRi,
ortvini, xexili.
- diasqani do muasqani so cxovrena?
- diaCqimi do muaCqimi qarTis cxovrena.
- ¹ude uRuna do var binens cxovrena?
- binens cxovrena, sum Toli bina uRuna.
- xvale cxorenano?
- ase xvale rena, TiSeni namda Cqim da inglisis re, guraf-
lens.
- mus guraflens?
- ninas guraflens.
- inglisurso?
- inglisurs do germanuls.
- gvalo jgiri.
260
cxo(v)reba – cxovreba
ma b-cxorenq//b-cxovrenq me v-cxovrob
si cxorenq//cxovrenq Sen cxovrob
mu /Tina cxoren-s//cxovren-s is cxovrob-s
Cqi//Cq¸ b-cxoren-T//b-cxovren-T Cven v-cxovrob-T
Tqva cxoren-T//cxovren-T Tqven cxovrob-T
munefi /Tinefi cxoren-a(n)//cxovren-a(n) isini cxovrob-en
muSeba – muSaoba
ma mu-b-Senq1 me v-muSaob
si muSenq Sen muSaob
mu /Tina muSen-s is muSaob-s
Cqi//Cq¸ mu-b-Sen-T Cven v-muSaob-T
Tqva muSen-T Tqven muSaob-TM
munefi /Tinefi muSen-a(n) isini muSaob-en
gurafa – swavla
ma b-guraflenq me vswavlob
si guraflenq Sen swavlob
mu /Tina guraflen-s is swavlob-s
Cqi//Cq¸ b-guraflen-T Cven v-swavlob-T
Tqva guraflen-T Tqven swavlob-T
munefi /Tinefi guraflen-a(n) isini swavlob-en
ma muSeba moko
si gurafa goko
mus italias oko cxoreba.
ma mobwons saqorTuos cxoreba.
1
SeniSvna: v-muSenqmu-v-Senqmu-b-Senq.
261
keTeba – (ga)keTeba
ma v-akeTe(nq) me v-akeTeb
si akeTe(nq) Sen akeTeb
mu /Tina akeTen-s is akeTeb-s
Cqi//Cq¸ v-akeTen-T Cven v-akeTeb-T
Tqva akeTen-T Tqven akeTeb-T
munefi /Tinefi akeTen-a(n) isini akeTeb-en
dialogi:
- mus akeTe(nq) ase?
- ase bWarunq.
- mus Warunq?
- qaRardis//baraTis bWarunq.
- mis Warunq qaRardis?
- diaCqims bWarunq qaRardis.
- nam ninaSa Warunq?
- margaluro bWarunq.
- mus kiTxulenq?
- wingis bkiTxulenq.
- mu wingis kiTxulenq?
- qorTul wingis bkiTxulenq.
- rusulo qiCiebuqo?
- qo, ibCiebuq do bkiTxulenq rusulo.
- si rusuls guraflenqo?
- iax, bguraflenq rusuls do qorTuls.
- muWo guraflenq?
- jgiro bguraflenq.
savarjiSoebi:
CasviT saTanado zmnebi:
ma jgiro ------------------------ qorTuls.
si so ------------------------ do so -----------------?
sqan(i) ojaxi nam qianas ----------------------?
mus -------------------- skolas?
262
sabatoni do JeSxas Cqi va ---------------.
Cqim(i) dasqua parizis ---------------- frangul ninas.
Cqim(i) jima va ---------- saqorTuos.
Cqim mezobeli --------------- zugids ase.
Tqva so ----------------- qarTis?
waikiTxeT da upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:
1. so muSens diasqani?---------------------------------------------------
2. so guraflens sqani dasqua?---------------------------------------
3. muJams muSenq?----------------------------------------------------------
4. so re sqani samuSa?---------------------------------------------------
5. mus guraflenT institutis?--------------------------------------
6. maraSe muzmaSa guraflenq inglisur ninas?--------------------
7. sqani urcxo sumari so cxorens qarTis?----------------------
8. muasqani muzma TuTas muSens warmowanas?----------------------
9. nam ¹udes cxovrena Te baRanefi?---------------------------------
XVIII.
qona – yola formebi warsulSi;
uwyvetlis warmoeba:
miRu(n) – miRudu maqvs – mqonda

giRu(n) – giRudu gaqvs – gqonda
uRu(n) – uRudu aqvs – hqonda
miRuna(n) – miRudes gvaqvs – gvqonda
giRuna(n) – giRudes gaqvT – gqondaT
uRuna(n) – uRudes aqvT – hqondaT
p¹uns/c//puns/c – pundu myavs – myavda

r¹uns _ r¹undu gyavs – gyavda
¹uns _ ¹undu hyavs – hyavda
p¹una//puna _ pundes gvyavs – gvyavda
r¹una(n) _ r¹undes gyavT – gyavdaT
¹una(n) _ ¹undes hyavT – hyavdaT
263
mi¹ors _ mi¹ordu/¸
mob/pwons – mobwondu/¸
mointeres _ mointeresudu/¸
moko – mokodu/¸
mosaWir _ mosaWirudu/¸
waikiTxeT:
goRa Jir saTis miRudu qorTuliS gakveTili. amdRa

sum saTis miRu.
- si giRuduo goRa qorTuliS gakveTili?
- vari, vamiRudu, TiSeni namda Cqimi uCiteli goRa glaxaTi
rdu.
- ninos nam gakveTil uRudu goRa?
- ninos maxuTa gakveTili uRudu.
- goRa gamocda giRuduo?
- vari, ma vamiRudu gamocda, Cqim afxanakens/c uRudes.
* * *
- muSen vamorTi goRa kinoSa?

- goRa brel saqme miRudu, onjuas mokodu kinoSa m(o)ula,
mara kaTa mafudu oZirafali do TiS gurSeni vammarT(in)u.
- Cqixolo samuSas sumarefi pundes ukrainaSe. samuSaS uku-
li restoranSa ibdiT. sqanoT kinoS bileTi miRudu, mara
muTa uWirs.
- didi bodiSi, vammarT(in)uni, Zams//Zalams mokodu m(o)ula
do Tqvanwkuma arTo rina(yofna), kino xolo mointeresu-
du.
- muTa uWirs, Wume meu kinoSa do qoZiri(naxe).
264
gurafa – swavla
ma b-guraflenq ma b-guraflendi
si guraflenq si guraflendi
mu/Tina guraflen-s mu/Tina guraflend-u/¸
Cqi b-guraflen-T Cqi b-guraflendi-T
Tqva guraflen-T Tqva guraflendi-T
munefi/Tinefi guraflen-a(n) munefi/Tinefi guraflend-es
muSeba - muSaoba
ma mu-b-Senq ma mu-b-Sendi
si muSenq si muSendi
mu/Tina muSen-s mu/Tina muSendu/¸
Cqi mu-b-Sen-T Cqi mu-b-Sendi-T
Tqva muSen-T Tqva muSendi-T
munefi/Tinefi muSen-a(n) munefi/Tinefi muSend-es
ma bcxovrendi _ me vcxovrobdi
ma bkiTxulendi _ me vkiTxulobdi
ma bWarundi _ me vwerdi
ma ibCiebudi _ me vlaparakobdi
ma vakeTendi _ me vakeTebdi
ma vorTudi//vakeTendi _ me vSvrebodi//vakeTebdi
miCqu(n) _ miCqudu vici _ vicodi

giCqu(n) _ giCqudu ici _ icodi
uCqu(n) _ uCqudu icis – icoda
miCquna(n) _ miCqudes viciT – vicodiT
giCquna(n) – giCqudes iciT – icodiT
uCquna(n) – uCqudes ician – icodnen
265
* * *
- mus akeTendi//mus orTudi goRa?
- ¹udes vordi do bguraflendi, bWarundi, bkiTxulendi.
- mus kiTxulendi?
- saintereso wingis bkiTxulendi.
- mus Warundi?
- WumeSo(xvalisTvis) bWarundi davalebas.
- sqani afxanaki nato mus akeTendu//orTudu?
- muTuns vakeTendu. goRa vauCqudu davaleba do muTuns va-
Warundu.
- nino do eka mus akeTena//mus orTuna? Tinefi xolo guraf-
lendeso?
- qo, munefi xolo guraflendes, Warundes do kiTxulendes.
* * *
- maka! so cxovrenq ase?
- ase zugid¸s//zugi(d)s//zugic bcxovrenq, mara TeiSa (manam-
de) qarTis bcxovrendi do bguraflendi.
- so guraflendi?
- universitetis bguraflendi.
- mus guraflendi?
- lingvistikas bguraflendi, brels bWarundi do bkiTxu-
lendi.
- so muSendi?
- biblioTekas mubSendi.
- Taq, zugid¸s, mus akeTenq? muSenqo do vari?
- qo, Taq xolo mubSenq, qalaqiS merias.
- namu urcxo nina qoiCqu//giCqu?
- inglisuri do espanuri miCqu/¸.
- jgiro giCquno?
- woxole ujguSo miCqudu/¸, mara ase vabSu/¸ (ar maxsovs)
jgiro//ase qiSmoWyordu/¸(damaviwyda).
266
axali sityvebi:
TeiSax//TiSax//TiSa//TeiSa – manamde
namTini – aravin, arc erTi
namu – romeli
muTuni – araferi
bSu/¸ – maxsovs
vabSu/¸ – ar maxsovs
WumeSo – xvalisTvis
namTineSa – zogjer
nam(¸)Tine – zogierTi
wvaneri//wvaneli – fxali
varT feri – arc iseTi
(a)TeSeni – (a)mitom
gemuani – gemrieli, tkbili.
-So(T) – Tvis
¹udeSo(T) – saxlisTvis
ninoSo(T) – ninosTvis
squaSo(T) – SvilisTvis
ZRabSo(T) – gogosTvis
magram: Cqimo(T) – CemTvis
sqano(T) – SenTvis
muSo(T)/TiSo(T) – TavisTvis/misTvis
Cqino(T) – CvenTvis
Tqvano(T) – TqvenTvis
munefSo(T) /TinefSo(T) – TavianTTvis / maTTvis
savarjiSoebi:
mus orTuq//akeTenq ase?--------------------------------------------------
mus orTudi//akeTendi goRa?--------------------------------------------
mus orTu//akeTens sqani jima?------------------------------------------
mus orTud¸//akeTend¸ Tina goRa?------------------------------------
267
giCquno, so muSens Tina?-------------------------------------------------
giCquno, so muSendu Tina gowos?-------------------------------------
so muSendi TeiSa(x)?------------------------------------------------------
goRa nam saTSax muSendi?------------------------------------------------
so guraflendi?------------------------------------------------------------
muzma wanas guraflendi do muSendi?--------------------------------
XIX.
axali zmnebi:
Wkumua//Wkomua – Wama
ma b/pWkomunq me vWam
si Wkomunq Sen Wam
mu/Tina Wkomuns is Wams
Cqi//Cq¸ b/pWkomunT Cven vWamT
Tqva WkomunT Tqven WamT
munefi/Tinefi Wkomuna(n) isini Wamen
ma b/pWkomundi me vWamdi
si Wkomundi Sen Wamdi
mu/Tina Wkomundu/¸ is Wam-
da
Cqi//Cq¸ b/pWkomundiT Cven vWamdiT
Tqva WkomundiT Tqven WamdiT
munefi/Tinefi Wkomundes isini Wamdnen
Suma – sma
ma b/fSunq me vsvam
si Sunq Sen svam
mu/Tina Suns is svams
Cqi//Cq¸ b/fSunT Cven vsvamT
Tqva SunT Tqven svamT
munefi/Tinefi Suna(n) isini svamen
268
ma b/fSundi me vsvamdi
si Sundi Sen svamdi
mu/Tina Sundu is svamda
Cqi//Cq¸ b/fSundiT Cven vsvamdiT
Tqva SundiT Tqven svamdiT
munefi/Tinefi Sundes isini svamdnen
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- nam saTis Wkomunq oWmares do mus Wkomunq?

- oWmareS bruo saTis bWkomunq. namTineSa marwvens bWkomunq
do namTineSa karaqam qobals.
- ondRes nam saTis Wkomunq do so Wkomunq?
- ondRes pirvel vara Jir saTis bWkomunq ¹udes.
- mus Wkomunq?
- Rum do ¹vals, lebias, namTineSa xaWapurs, wvaners, k¸nt¸ri
do pamidoriS salaTas, namTineSa TuS xorcis.
- mus Sunq?
- Suro vabSunq, mara namTineSa WiWe WiTa/uCa Rvins bSunq.
- pivas Sunqo?
- vari, piva vami¹ors.
- restoranSa bSxiras gilurqo?
- varT feri- maraSe arTSa(x). woxole gilurdi//gilefSi ir
dRas.
- nam restoranefSa gilurq?
- ma qorTuli oWkomali mobwons do TeSeni qorTul resto-
ranefSa gilurq//gilulu. qorTuli oWkomali gemuani re.
woxole Sxva restoranefSa xolo gilefSi do arZa oWko-
mali gamorsebul mafu.
WiTa, uCa Rvini – wiTeli, Savi Rvino
269
ma gilurdi//gileb/fSi me davdiodi
si gilurdi//gileSi Sen dadiodi
mu/Tina gilurdu//gileSu is dadioda
Cqi//Cq¸ gilurdiT//gileb/fSiT Cven davdiodiT
Tqva gilurdiT//gileSiT Tqven dadiodiT
munefi/Tinefi gilurdes//gileSes isini dadiodnen
¹idiri – yidva
ma p/b¹idulenq qobals(purs)
si ¹idulenq
mu/Tina ¹idulens
Cqi//Cq¸ p/b¹idulenT
Tqva ¹idulenT
munefi/Tinefi ¹idulena(n)
rCqila - Mmosmena
ma vurCqileq
si urCqileq
mu/Tina urCqile
Cqi//Cq¸ vurCqileT
Tqva urCqileT
munefi/Tinefi urCqilena(n)
jina – yureba
ma vujineq
si ujineq
mu/Tina ujine
Cqi//Cq¸ vujineT
Tqva ujineT
munefi/Tinefi ujinena(n)
sumari
270
Cqimi sumari, qeTi, zugidari re. ase Cqinwk¸/uma cxov-
rens qarTis muS ojaxwk¸ma arTo do muSens qarTiS univer-
sitetis.
muS arziT, qarTi jgiri qalaqi re. TiSeni namda Taq
breli Teatri re, kino re, breli do sqvami restoranefi
do kafeefi re.
qeTi mTel dRas samuSas re do muSens. muJams Tavisu-
fal dro uRun¸, mu TviTon gilurs maRaziefSa do bazar-
Sa. Tina muS ojaxSo(T) ¹idulens produqtis, oWkomals. sa-
baton do JaSxas ojaxwk¸ma arTo gilurs maRaziefSa do
¹idulens TinefSo padarkefs/c. onjuas, muJams ¹udes re(n),
mu ujine televizors, vara urCqile musikas. qeTis Zalams
u¹ors musika, gansakuTrebiT, qorTuli.
- gamarjeba sqani, osuri pateni!
- goimorZgu/¸ RoronTq!
- muWo zojunT!
- jgiro, Tqva muWo reT?
- Cqi, RoronTiSiT, jgiro voreT.
- baRanefi muWo rena?
- unCaSi do ukulaSi jgiro rena, oSqari vardu jgiro,
mara ase ujguSo re.
- mu oWudu?//oWedu?
- mu miCqu/¸, albeT gorgidu/¸ do sinCxe uRudu.
- ase muWo re?
- ase va uRu sinCxe, mara dio va Wkomuns jgiro.
- logins januno?
- var, logins va janu, mara ¹udeSe vegmurs gale, nTel
dRas televizors ujine do wingis kiTxulens.
- muTa uWirs, baRana re do malas ujguSo i¹i.
- jgiro ordaT!
271
XX.
profesiebi:
xelobefi // profesiefi:
min mus akeTens? _ vin ras akeTebs?
muSa muSens.
doxTuri muSens savadmyofos//banicas.
uCiteli mowafens oguruans.
maxantali xantuns oxantals//suraTis.
maWarali Waruns wingis.
sportsmeni la¹afens lelos.
artisti la¹afens Teatris.
Sdr: baRana la¹afens ozes.
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- mu profesia giRuna?
- ma doxTuri voreq, savadmyofos mubSenq do sadoxTuros
xolo voguruanq students.
- Tqvani qomonji xolo doxturi reno?
- vari, Cqimi qomonji va re doxturi, maxantali re, xan-
tuns.
- so muSens?
- ase va muSens, ¹udes re, TeiSa skolas muSendu do baRa-
nefs oguruandu xantuas.
- Tqvani dida do muma mu profesiaS rena?
- diaCqimi uCiteli re, universitetis oguruans qorTuls.
muaCqimi Jurnalisti re, televizias muSens.
- Tqvani squalefi mu profesiaS rena?
- unCaSi artisti re, Teatris muSens, oSqari guraflens
sainJinros do ukulaSi dio WiWe re do skolas guraf-
lens, irdRas gilurs skolaSa.
- RoronTq moirdas!
- madloba!
272
axali zmnebi:
(do)gurafa - swavleba
ma voguruanq
si oguruanq
mu/Tina oguruans
Cqi//Cq¸ voguruanT
Tqva oguruanT
munefi/Tinefi oguruana(n)
xantua – xatva
ma bxantunq
si xantunq
mu/Tina xantuns
Cqi//Cq¸ bxantunT
Tqva xantunT
munefi/Tinefi xantuna(n)
iribi obieqti mesame pirSia.
ma voguruanq Tinas//Tis me vaswavli mas

ma bWarunq “ me vwer “
ma bxantunq “ me vxatav “
ma vujineq “ me vuyureb “
ma vurCqileq “ me vusmen “
273
iribi obieqti meore pirSia
ma goguruanq si me gaswavli Sen
ma rWarunq si me gwer Sen
ma rxantunq si me gxatav Sen
ma gijineq si me giyureb Sen
ma girCqileq si me gismen Sen
S 1 mxolobiTSi
ma voguruanq mus/munefs//munens me vaswavli mas/maT
ma goguruanq si/ma goguruanT Tqva me gaswavli Sen/me
gaswavliT Tqven
S2 mxolobiTSi
si oguruanq mus/munefs//munens Sen aswavli mas/maT
si moguruanq ma Sen maswavli me
si moguruanT Cqi Sen gvaswavli Cven
S3 mxolobiTSi
mu moguruans ma is maswavlis me
mu moguruana(n) Cqi is gvaswavlis Cven
mu goguruans si is gaswavlis Sen
mu goguruana(n) Tqva is gaswavliT Tqven
mu oguruans mus/munefs//munens/Tinens is aswavlis mas/maT
S1 mravlobiTSi
Cqi voguruanT mus/munefs//munens (qorTuls)
Cven vaswavliT mas/maT (qarTuls)
Cqi goguruanT si/Tqva Cven gaswavliT Sen/Tqven
S2 mravlobiTSi
Tqva oguruanT mus/munefs//munens
Tqven aswavliT mas/maT
Tqva moguruanT ma/Tqva moguruanT Cqi
Tqven maswavliT me/Tqven gvaswavliT Cven
274
S3 mravlobiTSi
munefi//Tinefi moguruana(n) ma/munefi//Tinefi moguruana(n) Cqi
isini maswavlian me/isini gvaswavlian Cven
munefi goguruana(n) si/munefi goguruana(n) Tqva
isini gaswavlian Sen/isini gaswavlian Tqven
munefi oguruana(n) mus/munefs//munens isini aswavlian mas/maT
waikiTxe winadadebebi:
Cqimi afxanaki ma qorTuls moguruans.
ma goguruanq si qorTuls do nino inglisurs goguruans.
Cqi axali uCiteli moguruana. Tqva mi(n) goguruana?
maxantali ma bxantuns.
Tqva rxantuna maxantali.
diaCqimi bSxiras//fSxiras//Sxiras bWaruns qarRadis, mara
Cqimi afxanakefi Sxiras va bWaruna qarRadefs//qarRadens.
ma si girCqileq, mara Tqva ma vamrCqileT.
muSeni mijine Tina ma?
muSeni gijinena munefi//Tinefi si?
savarjiSoebi:
upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
- mu profesiaS reT?------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- mu profesiaS re Tqvani osuri/qomonji?--------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- mu profesiaS rena Tqvani dida do muma?-------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- mu profesiaS rena Tqvani afxanakefi?-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- mu//namu profesia morwona?-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
275
XXI.
momavali drois warmoeba:
axlandeli dro momavali dro
mus orTuq?( ras Svrebi) mus Rolanq?(ras izam)
bWarunq dobWarunq wingis
mebWarunq (ninos qarRadis)
bxantunq dobxantunq
vurCqileq (mo)urCqileq//mourCqiluanq
//muurCqiluanq
bWkomunq obWkomunq
ibCiebuq ibCiebuq
mubSenq imubSenq//qimubSenq
bla¹afenq ibla¹afuq//qibla(¹)afuq
bkiTxulenq webkiTxenq//qibkiTxanq
bguraflenq ibguruanq//dibguruanq
pidulenq ipidenq//qipidenq
bSunq gebSunq
voguruanq du/ovoguruanq
ujineq ujineq//qoujineq
momavali dro
ma dob/pWarunq//dob/pWar¸nq
si doWarunq//doWar¸nq
mu/Tina doWaruns//doWar¸ns
Cqi//Cq¸ dobWarunT//dobWar¸nT
Tqva doWarunT//doWar¸nT
munefi/Tinefi doWaruna(n)//doWar¸na(n)
ma ibguruanq
si iguruanq
mu/Tina iguruans
Cqi//Cq¸ ibguruanT
Tqva iguruanT
munefi/ Tinefi iguruana(n)
276
- mus orTuq?
- bguraflenq.
- Wume mus Rola(nq)?
- Wume wingis ibkiTxenq.
- mu mus Rolans?
- mu davalebas doWaruns.
- munefi mus Rolana?
- munefi imuSena.
- mus Wkomunq?
- muTuni va moko, va voreq Sqirenuli, madloba.
- geSunqo muTuns?
- qo, wyars gefSunq.
- televizors qujineqo?
- vari, radios vurCqileq.
- Wume qimuSenqo?
- vari, Wume vemubSenq, sabatoni re do miTini va muSens.
- mus Rolanq?
- bazarSa miduli do arTi maraS oWkomals qipidenq. onju-
as mezobelefSa gemnuli do nardis qibla¹afuT.
margaluri ninaS gakveTils/c
margaluri ninaS uCiteli re osurpateni nino, mowafe

re daTo.
- qiSilebeno gemnobrTe, osurpateni?
- munozojiT, dozojiT daTo pateni.
- muWo zojunT osurpateni nino?
- madloberi, jgiro voreq, Tqva?
- ma xolo jgiro voreq.
- daTo, Tqva margaluro jgiro iCiebuT!
- madloberi, ma jgiro bragadanq do bkiTxulenq, mara
moko ujguSo miCqudas(i).
277
- muTun vauWirs. Tqva malas ujguSo iCiebudaT i¹i.
- ma bkiTxulenq margaluro, mara Cqaras vamakiTxire. ma va-
makiTxire margaluri arikefi, girZe lersefi.
- muTun va uWirs. brels qimuSenT¸da, malas wekiTxenT.
iswavleT axali zmna:
rekua – da-rekva
ma brekunq ninoSa – me vrekav ninosTan

SeadareT:
ma vurekunq ninos – me vurekav ninos.
momaval droSi:
ma dourekunq//duurekunq mus/munefs//munens, Tis/Tinefs//Ti-

nens
ma doirekunq si – ma doirekunT Tqva.
si dourekunq mus/munefs, Tis/Tinefs
si dom¸rekunq ma _ dom¸rekunT Cqi//Cq¸
mu dom¸rekuns ma _ dom¸rekuna Cqi//Cq¸
mu doirekuns si _ doirekuna Tqva
mu dourekuns munefs//Tinefs
Cqi//Cq¸ dourekunT//durekunT mus/munefs

Cqi//Cq¸ doirekunT si/Tqva
Tqva dourekunT//durekunT mus/munefs
Tqva domrekunT ma/Cqi//Cq¸
munefi dom¸rekuna ma/ Cqi//Cq¸
munefi doirekuna si/Tqva
munefi dourekuna//durekuna mus//Tis, munefs//Tinefs
278
aseve iuRleba zmna:
ma vujineq Tis//mus
ma gijineq si.....
savarjiSoebi:
1. mus wekiTxe(nq) onjuas?---------------------------------------------

2. mus qiminunq sabaton do JaSxas?---------------------------------
3. mus geSunq ase?--------------------------------------------------------
4. mus Wkomunq sadilo?-------------------------------------------------
5. mus ujineq onjuas?---------------------------------------------------
6. mus mourCqiluanq onjuas?-----------------------------------------
7. so imuSenq zarxuls?------------------------------------------------
8. so ila¹afuq tyobinjobaias(damalobanas)?---------------------
9. muJams doWarunq davalebas?--------------------------------------
10. muJams qikiTxenq//wekiTxenq axal sityvens?--------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. muJams i¹idenq axal maSnas?----------------------------------------
12. Wume dorekunqo?-------------------------------------------------------
2. gadaiyvaneT zmna axlandeli droidan momavalSi:
ma voreq mindors-----------------------------------------------------------
vurCqileq mafSalias, muWo mi¹ors Te bira------------------------
Cqim(i) ma¹alefi ujinena kokobes(kakabs)----------------------------
nino jgiro oguruans daTos margalurs----------------------------
mowafefi jgiro iCiebuna//ragadana margaluro.--------------------
Tina cxovrens obujis.----------------------------------------------------
ma iridRas vurekunq ekas.------------------------------------------------
vaxtangi do maro gulena dadianefiS baR¸s.-----------------------
279
XXII.
wyvetilis (warsuli drois) warmoeba:
awmyo: ma vogurua ma¹ales margalurs

wyvetili: ma quduogure ma¹ales margaluri.
ma dobWari
si doWari
muq/Tiq doWaru
Cqi//Cq¸ dobWariT
Tqva doWariT
munefq/Tinefq doWares
awmyo myofadi wyvetili
b/pWarunq dob/pWarunq dob/pWari

b/pWkomunq ob/pWkomunq ob/pWkomi
vakeTenq guvakeTenq guvakeTi
fxantunq dofxantunq dofxanti
(v)urekunq durekunq//dourekunq dureki//doureki
vurCqileq qurCqileq qurCqili
vujineq qo(v)ujineq qujini//qoujini
ib/fCiebuq qib/fCiebuq qib/fCii
b/fcxovrenq qib/fcxo(v)renq qib/fcxori
mub/fSenq qimub/fSenq qimub/fSe
bla¹afenq qibla¹afuq qibla¹afi
bkiTxulenq webkiTxenq webkiTxi
bguraflenq qidibguruanq qidibgure
voguruanq q¸duoguruanq q¸duogure
p¹idulenq qipidenq qipidi
bSunq gefSunq gefSvi
280
1. ma bSxiras//Sxiras vurCqileq maWirxoliS RurWuls

(mercxlis WikWiks).
2. Wume onjuas qurCqileq mabirefiS gundis.
3. goRa qourCqili sqan(i) giSulas televizors.
4. onjua-onjuas vujineq televizors Cqim(i) ¹udes.
5. Wume uRuraleT qujineq axal kinos.
6. goRa qujini baRanefiS sxapua do biras.
7. ma iridRas//irdRas vurekunq Cqim(i) jimas.
8. ma Wume durekunq levanis.
9. goRa dureki Cqim(i) ma¹ales.
Zirafa - naxva
awmyo myofadi
ma vorwyeq mus//Tis ma qobZirunq mus//Tis
wyvetili
ma qobZiri mu//Tina
ma vorwyeq giorgis. Tina ozes la¹afens.

ma vavorwyeq ninos, Tina va re ozes. ma gorwyeq si. ma qobZi-
runq natos Wume. si xolo qorZirunq Wume, ¹udes qi¹iqda.
ma goRa saariko kino bZiri, mara si varZiri Teq.
- goRa mu qimini gakveTils?

- Cqi//Cq¸ dobWariT axali zityvefi, webkiTxiT arikefi do
breli bragadeT margaluro.
- xolo mu qiminiT?
281
- xolo gefSviT bJa do obWkomiT WviStari.
- sqan sumarq qidiguruo margaluri?
- qo, Cqim sumarq jgiro qidiguru margaluri. Tina qiana-
Sis iCiebu margaluro.
- goRa Tiq breli iCuo diaras?
- qo, breli ragadu, qoT qibiru, qoT qosxapu,ukuli Cqi-
mi artaJian ¹udes quduorule.
- muJams meurs sqani sumari muS(i) qianaSa?
- arT(i) maraSa ulamudas oko ula, mara TeiSa(x) ointe-
res zugidi do samurzayanoS(i) Zirafa.
- sqani sumari xvale reno mouliri do muSi faniaT?
- muS fania darCels re, naTeseS(i) ¹udes.
- aSo vaulamunano mula?
- qo, WumeSo veluq.
SeadareT:
ma vakeTenq muSo(T) sadils – ma sadils vukeTenq mus.

ma bWarunq muSo(T) qaRardis – ma qaRardis vuWarunq mus
ma bxantunq suraTis _ ma suraTis vuxantunq mus.
waikiTxeT teqsti:
ma do Cqim faniaq//Cil do squaq dRaxuef/ns//dRasanwalef/ns

sofelSa, wyarpijSa midabrTiT. tarozi rdu. baRanef/nq bre-
li ila¹afes. Cqi dobWviT qoTomefi, wiwilefi, WviStarefi.
bWkomiT, bSviT, bragadeT; jgiri rdu, jgiro mibsvanjiT.
jaralua – (Zveli dResaswauli, rac niSnavs TavSeyras, ja-

rianobas)
Tamara sqvami cira re, tani larWemSa qugu. goRaneri jara-

luas irkoCiSi usqvamaSi aSardu. jars breli sumarefi rdes
amerikaSe. Te sumarefi margalurs do qorTuls guraflena.
patoni riCardi sumi wana re guraflens margalurs do ase
282
gvalo jgiro iCiebu//ragadans margaluro.Tamara do riCardi
ma¹aleefi rena. Tamaraq daguru riCardis margaluri. riCar-
diSi afxanagefi xolo ocaduna margaluriS dogurafas. su-
maref/ns oxujuna samargalos rina. jaraluaq gukvirdes.
ujinedes baRanefiS do axalefiS sxapuas, urCqiledes marga-
lur obireens. xaneri kaTaSi RarTi do kabaq mangarq//Zaamq
mewones. Cqinobura Rvini xolo gamorses. “geSvi Rvini xara-
Tia”-qubires sumaref/ns. meriqifeens giluRudes Rvini orko-
liT. menZelef/ns foxalefiT afudes Rvini moRaliri. Cqino-
bura “adesa” do “ojaleSi” brel qianefs mowona. sumarefq
daxe gegnilases “xintkiriS” la¹afi qoZires¸ni; Jiri Tole-
kirili qomolkoCi arTians yamefiT goTxozudu. midgas
umosSa aZgvited yama maJiaSani, Tina i¹id gomorZgvili.
TeSi ukuli “marulas” qujines. Cq¸n bedaurefq gakvires
SorSe munaula sumarefi. jaraluaq akoserels geTu. sumare-
fi do menZelefi elaxaTrebuli rdes. irkoCq Wie-WieT//WiWe-
WiWeT ¹udeefSa midarTes masvanjefSa.
axali sityvebi:
kokobe – kakabi
bSxiras//Sxiras – xSirad
maWirxoli//marWixoli – mercxali
RurWuli – WikWiki
uRuraleT//uRuralo – usikvdilod
zityvebi – sityvebi
arikefi – zRaprebi; arakebi
sumari – stumari
qianaSi – uamravi, bevri(“qveynis” Sdr: qveynis xalxi movida)
diara – qorwili, sufra; “Zoveba”
qoT – kidevac
sarTuli//artaJi (этаж) – sarTuli
artaJiani – sarTuliani
TeiSa(x) – manamde, manam
283
aSo – aqeT
WumeSo(T) – xvalisTvis
veluq – velodebi
ulamudu – apirebda, lamobda
fania – ojaxi, col-Svili, jalabi
dRasanwali//dRaxu – dResaswauli, dasvenebis (gamosasvleli)
dRe.
jaralua – jarianoba, TavSeyra
wyarpiji – wylispiri, napiri
dobWviT (Wuala) – SevwviT(Sewva)
mibsvanjiT – davisveneT
larWemi – lerwami
usqvamaSi – ulamazesi
ocaduna – cdiloben
uxujana//oxujuna – awyobT
axalefi – axalgazrdebi
obire – simRera
mangari – magari
Zaami – Zalian
Cqinobura – Cveneburi
gamorseba – gasinjva
xara – Cafi (xaraTia – CafiTao)
qubires – umReres
orkoli – doqi, sura
menZeli – maspinZeli
fuxalefi//foxalefi – koka, wylis didi WurWeli
(24 litri Cadis)
gegnilases – gadairivnen
xintkiria – TamaSis saxelwodebaa
Toli – Tvali
Tolekirili – Tvalakruli, Tvalaxveuli
goTxozudu – uvlida(gars), Semourbenda
midga – vinc
umosSa – ufro metad,ufro
284
Zgvitafa – Cxvleta
yama – xanjali
gomorZgvili – gamarjvebuli
munaula – mosuli, namyofi
akoserils//akoserels – Sebindebisas
elaxaTrebuli – SezarxoSebuli, SexaTrebuli
savarjiSoebi:
CasviT moTxrobiT brunvaSi:

boSi – boSiq
bebi –
maria –
giorgi –
Cqim(i) ma¹ale –
Cqimi mezobeli –
Jiri ZRabi –
arTi osuri –
saqorTuoSi mafa –
Cqimi jimaS osuri –
Cqini nosa –
sqani sinja –
XXIII. gaimeoreT zmnebi:

awmyo uwyveteli myofadi wyvetili
ma b/pWkomunq b/pWkomundi ob/pWkomunq ma ob/pWkomi

mu Wkomuns Wkomundu oWkomuns muq oWkomu
munefi Wkomuna(n) Wkomundes oWkomuna(n) munef/nq oWkomes
ma b/fSunq b/fSundi geb/fSunq ma geb/fSvi

mu Suns Sundu geSuns muq geSu
munefi Suna(n) Sundes geSuna(n) munef/nq geSves
285
axali sityvebi:
sakakalo _ sauzme ma bkakalenq(vzakuskenq)
sadili – sadili ma bsadilenq
oserSo/e – vaxSami ma voserSenq
ma bsadilenq bsadilendi qibsadilenq ma qibsadili
mu sadilens sadilendi qisadilens muq qisadilu
munefi sadilena(n) sadilendes qisadilena(n) munefq qisadiles
sabzadis (samzareuloSi)
- nam saTis kakalenq?//Wkomunq oWmares?
- oWmareS Cxoro saTis bkakalenq.
- mus mirTvenq?//mus Wkomunq?
- ma bWkomunq qobals, ¹vals,karaqis, xaSil kvercxis, To-
furs do mura(m)bas.
- mus Sunq?
- ma bSunq Cais, varda bJas.
- bJami//bJalami kofe vai¹orso?
- qo, muWo var, mi¹ors; limonami Cai xolo mi¹ors.
- nam saTis sadilenq?
- aTaSi sum saTiSo.
- mus mirTvenq?
- ma bSxiras Wvili xorcis do xaSili kartofils bWko-
munq, mara umoso Rumu do baJeS genwyili qoToms mib-
rTvenq.
- mi¹ors Rumus aSaxaSili xomla//xumla ¹vali(selegini).
lasiri lebia do daZmarebuli xolo mobwons. ojaleSis
givoSuanq do vara adesas.
- mus gio¹unuanq sadils deserto?
- oSiner xili miCans: uSquri, sxuli, ¹urzeni do atama.
berwuli do mandarna xolo breli ma¹ina.
- mi(n) akeTens sadils?
286
- Cqimi osuri. kankaleSa ma xolo voxvaruq.
- mu dros oserSenq?
- onjuaS bruo saTiSo; gebSunq vara bJas, vara Cais; minSa
marwvens//marwvins pWkumunq.
- Wume mi(n) abzadens sakakalos?
- nino mamzadens.
- mus gaakeTens nino?
- doWuns ¹vals, doxaSuns kvercxis do qafunuans bJa do
Cais.
- so isadilenT?
- restorans milamuna.
- mus mirTvenT restorans?
- xaWapurs, Rumus, gebJalias, elarjis do sacivs.
- mus geSunT?
- gebSunT adesas. pivas, “squriS” wyars do limonaTis.
- goRa sode isadiliT?
- goRa ¹udes ibsadiliT. obWkomiT TuSi xorci kvarwaxiw-
kuma arTo, gebSviT We Rvini do Wyint¸ ¹vali ¹valminTaT
keTebuli qiguo¹uneT. nikaq muTuni vaWkomu, xvale kofe
geSu.
- Cai Sanqarami gokona do uSanqare?
- ma moko Sanqaram do limonami.
- kofe bJaT gokonano?
- var, ubJaleT.
moqmedebiTi brunva
saxelobiTi: kizi//k¸zi Sanqari maSna
moqmedebiTi: kiz-iT//k¸ziT Sanqar-iT maSna-T(i)
maSnaT meulu manqaniT mivdivar

kiziT bWkomunq kovziT vWam
WirqaT bSunq WiqiT vsvam
287
XXIV.
inversiuli zmnebi:
ma bSqirens me mSia
si rSqirens Sen gSia
mus Sqirens mas Sia
Cqi//Cq¸ bSqirena(n) Cven gvSia
Tqva rSqirena(n) Tqven gSiaT
munef/ns Sqirena(n) maT SiaT
ma p¹umens me mwyuria
si r¹umens Sen gwyuria
mus ¹umens mas swyuria
Cqi//Cq¸ p¹umena(n) Cven gvwyuria
Tqva r¹umena(n) Tqven gwyuriaT
munef/ns ¹umena(n) maT swyuriaT
- giorgi, rSqirenso//Sqireni gafuno?

- qo, mangaro bSqirens//Zams bSqirens.
- mu goko?//mus mirTvenT?//mus WkomunT?
- ma moko vara xaWapuri do vara WviStari.
- r¹umenso//¹umeni gafuno?
- vari, vap¹umens//¹umeni vamafu.
- Cai varda kofe vagokono?
- Cai moko.
- musxi//musxe kizi Sanqari goko?
- va moko Sanqarami Cai, uSanqare misxunu.
- Cai limonami gokono?
- qo, uSanqare limonami Cai moko.
- a, patini, mirTviT!
- qversemi mardi!
288
brZanebiTi
qidigure! iswavle!
qidigureT! iswavleT!
qimuSe(T)! imuSave(T)!
qoragade(T) ilaparake(T)!
q¸dagure(T)! aswavle(T)!
qila¹afi(T)! iTamaSe(T)!@
sruli usruli
wekiTxi(T)!//ikiTxi(T)!
doWari(T)!//Wari(T)!
doxanti(T)!//xanti(T)!
oWkumi(T)!//Wkomi(T)!
geSvi(T)! // Svi(T)!
qujini(T)!//ujini(T)!
qurCqili(T)!//urCqili(T)!
qomirCqili(T)!//mirCqili(T)!
qoZiri(T)!//Ziri(T)! –naxe(T)!
mikajini(T)!- Sexede(T)!
q¸mkmojini(T)!-Semomxede(T)!
savarjiSoebi:
CasviT moqmedebiT brunvaSi:
maSna –
kuCxi –
xamu –
vilka –
kizi –
soko –
Rvini –
breli oWkomali –
WiWe oSumali –
Cqimi Wirqa –
289
upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
1. nam saTis sadilenT?--------------------------------------------------

2. muJams kakalenT?-------------------------------------------------------
3. mus mirTvenT oserSeT?----------------------------------------------
4. umoso//umentaSo so sadilenT?------------------------------------
5. Tqva gemuani oWkomalef/ns akeTenTo? mus?--------------------
6. ase rSqirena do r¹umenano?----------------------------------------
XXV.
II kavSirebiTis warmoeba:
oko - unda (nawilaki)
wyvetili II kavSirebiTi
mu qimini? mu oko qimine?
ma dibgure ma oko dibgurue

ma webkiTxi ma oko webkiTxe
ma (q)imubSe ma oko (q)imubSue
ma (q)ibsadili ma oko (q)ibsadile
ma (do)bWari ma oko (do)bWare
ma (gu)vakeTi ma oko (gu)vakeTe
ma (do)bxanti ma oko (do)bxante
ma gebSvi ma oko gebSve
ma oko dobWare Cqi//Cq¸ oko dobWaraT(¸)

si oko doWare Tqva oko doWaraT(¸)
muq oko doWaras(¸) munefq oko doWaran(¸)
290
SeadareT:
ma moko(n) dobWareni Cqi//Cq¸ mokona(n) dobWaraT¸n

si goko(n) doWareni Tqva gokona(n) doWaraT¸n
mus oko(n) doWaras¸n munefs okona(n) doWaranin.
ma oko webkiTxe Te wingi

ma moko(n) webkiTxeni Te wingi
muq oko wekiTxas Te wingi

mus oko(n) wekiTxas¸n Te wingi
`yofna~ zmna II kavSirebiTSi:
ma oko vorde `me unda viyo~ Cqi//Cq¸ oko vordaT(¸)

si oko orde Tqva oko ordaT(¸)
mu oko ordas(¸) munef oko ordan(¸)
SeZleba (SeuZlia)
ma Semlebu(n) dobWaren Cqi//Cq¸ Semlebuna(n) dobWaraT¸n

`me SemiZlia davwero~
si Seilebu(n) doWaren Tqva Seilebuna(n) doWaraT¸n
mus Seulebu(n) doWaras¸n munefs Seulebuna(n) doWaranin
dapireba (daapirebs) = ganizraxavs, moindomebs
ma mipirebu doWaren//Warua `me vapireb davwero~

si gipirebu doWaren//Warua
mus upirebu doWaras¸n//Warua
Cqi//Cq¸ mipirebuna(n) dobWaraT¸n//Warua
Tqva gipirebuna(n) doWaraT¸n//Warua
munefs upirebuna(n) doWaranin//Warua
291
es igivea, rac:
ma milamu/¸(n) dobWaren//Warua
si gilamu/¸(n) doWaren//Warua
mus ulamu/¸(n) doWaras¸n//Warua
Cqi//Cq¸ milamuna(n) dobWaraT¸n//Warua
Tqva gilamuna(n) doWaraT¸n//Warua
munefs ulamuna(n) doWaranin//Warua
1. ma Semilebu g¸vakeTe gemuani sadilini.
2. mus Seulebu midarTas¸n.
3. ma milamu/¸ ibla¹afen Saxmati.//ma milamu SaxmatiS
la¹afi.
4. mus upirebu franguliS dogurafa.
5. ma moko ipide axal maSna.
6. mus oko doWaras wingi.
7. ma Semilebu samuSas vorde Wume sum saTis.
8. mus ulamu/¸ koncertiSa xvale midarTas¸n.
II kavSirebiTi gamoiyeneba Semdeg frazebSi:

- q¸morTi, q¸dibguruaT¸ axal(i) gakveTili.
- qujgu, doWaran¸ gancxadeba.
- girCienq, wekiTxe Te wingi.
- veSilebe, irfeli q¸diguruen¸.
- Seilebu/¸, gakeTen Te saqme.
- ma Tena gefSven¸, glaxaT g¸nibrTuq.
- jgiri i¹i, q¸mgarTedas¸n(SeZlebde mosvlas)
- arCilq margaluri q¸diguruas¸n, Te wingi osaWir¸.
- muq maSna q¸diguruas¸n, TeSo fara re saWiro.
- sumaro midarTen, TeSo si gosaWir dapaijeba//dapeJe-
ba//dapejeba.
- Tina skolaSa meurs, q¸diguruas¸n.
292
- mu murs duqanSa, qaRardefi qi¹idas¸n.
- Tina meurs kinoSa, axali suraTi qoZiras¸n.
- so oko ipide axali rveuli?
- mu oko bqimine?
- muJams oko ureke griSas?
brZanebiTis uaryofiTi forma va//ve nawilakebiT:
vegurua(T)! ar iswavlo(T)!
vemuSua(T)! ar imuSavo(T)!
vekiTxa(T)! ar (wa)ikiTxo(T)!
varagadua(T)! ar ilaparako(T)!
vaWara(T)! ar dawero(T)!
vaSva(T)! ar dalio(T)!
vaWkoma(T)! ar Wamo(T)!
voujina(T)//vaujina(T)! ar uyuro(T)!
vourCqila(T)//vaurCqila(T)! ar usmino(T)!
vaZira(T)! ar (a)naxo(T)!
venajina(T)! ar Caxedo(T)!
vemkajina(T)! ar Sexedo(T)//ar mixedo(T)!
brZanebiTis uaryofiTi forma nu//num nawilakiT:
nu//num//n¸m(u) guraflenq nu swavlob!
nu//num//n¸m(u) guraflen(T)! nu swavlob(T)!
nu//num//n¸m(u) iCiebuq! nu laparakob!
nu//num//n¸m(u) iCiebuT! nu laparakobT!
nu//num//n¸m(u) Txulenq! nu Txoulob!
nu//num//n¸m(u) TxulenT! nu TxoulobT!
dialogi tansacmlis(bargiS) maRaziaSi:

- axal Ziqva (Salvari) moko qipiden¸. so Silebe ipiden¸?
- WavWavaZeS quCaSa midabrTaT, Teq breli duqani//maRazia re.
muWomi Salvari goko?
- ma moko sasumaro Salvari.
- mu Rir Tena?
293
- Tena Rir eCdoviTi lari.
- jgiri re, moxuju. qipidenq, ma fifqrenq, jgir ma¹i. so Si-
lebe qimkibzimuen¸?
- eTeq mezojiT!
- jgir mafuno?
- We inwro gafu, Sxva razmeri qobZiraT.
- a, aTena jgir ga¹i.
- q¸mosqvanso?
- qo, gvalo jgirs gosqvans. ma fifqrenq, oko qi¹ide.qoT efi
re.
- qomuCiT Te Salvari. so oko ginibge fara?
- aTaq, kasas.
- madloberi voreq!
iswavleT frazebi!
Te kaba WiWe mafu. – es kaba patara maqvs.

Te RarTi didi mafu – es Coxa didi maqvs
Te Ziqva jgiri mafu – es Sarvali kargad maqvs.
Te kuCxiSmadvalari//kuCxmodvali inwro mafu – es fexsac-
meli viwro maqvs.
mobwons – momwons momavali dro
ma (q¸)m(u)mewonebu(n)
si (q¸)mgewonebu(n)
mus (q¸)mewonebu(n)
Cqi//Cq¸ (q¸)mmewonebuna(n)
Tqva (q¸)mgewonebuna(n)
munef/ns (q¸)mewonebuna(n)
294
miRu(n) - maqvs
ma (q¸)maRvenu(n)
si (q¸)gaRvenu(n)
mus (q)aRvenu(n)
Cqi//Cq¸ (q¸)maRvenuna(n)
Tqva (q¸)gaRvenuna(n)
munef/ns (q)aRvenuna(n)
savarjiSoebi:
- bSxiras gilurqo duqanefSa?-----------------------------------------
- mu oko i¹ide amdRa duqans? bazars?-------------------------------
- mu oko u¹ide amdRa sqan ma¹ales? sqan osurs? sqan qomon-
jis? sqan squas?---------------------------------------------------------
- bargis ¹idulenqo? mikizimuanqo?-----------------------------------
- si gafulenqo ogafurefs//ogafurens?-----------------------------
XXVI.
zmnis vnebiTi gvari
ma g¸mofCanq ¹udes _ ¹ude g¸miCamu
ma bWarunq wingis – wingi iWaru
ma vaTenq gurafas – gurafa iTebu
ma vakeTenq sadils – sadili ikeTebu
ma votibuanq oWkomals – oWkomali tibu
awmyo
ma ibjineq (velodebi//vixedebi)
si ijineq (elodebi//ixedebi)
mu ijine-(n) (elodeba//ixedeba)
Cqi//Cq¸ ibjineT (velodebiT//vixedebiT)
Tqva ijineT (elodebiT//ixedebiT)
munefi ijinena-(n) (elodebian//ixedebian)
295
myofadi uwyveteli
ma qibjineq ma ibjinedi
si qijineq si ijinedi
mu qijine(n) mu ijinedu/¸
Cqi//Cq¸ qibjineT Cqi//Cq¸ ibjinediT
Tqva qijineT Tqva ijinediT
munefi qijinena(n) munefi ijinedes
wyvetili
ma (q)ibjini
si (q)ijini
muq (q)ijinu/¸
Cqi//Cq¸ (q)ibjiniT
Tqva (q)ijiniT
munefq//munenq (q)ijines
II kavSirebiTi
ma oko ibjine
si oko ijine
muq oko ijinas
Cqi//Cq¸ oko ibjinaT
Tqva oko ijinaT
munef/nq oko ijinan(i)i/¸
ma vujineq ma qujineq
me velodebi me davelodebi
ma vujini ma oko vujine(ni)

me davelode me unda davelodo
296
ma voxvaruq ma mivexvarebuq
me vexmarebi me mivexmarebi
ma mivexvari ma oko mivexvare(ni)

me mivexmare me unda mivexmaro
ma eluCanq ma (q)eluCanq
me vurCev me vurCev (momavalSi)
ma (q)eluCi ma oko (q)eluCe

me vurCie me unda vurCio
ma vokiTxuq ma q¸SvekiTxebuq
me vekiTxebi me SevekiTxebi
ma q¸SvekiTxi ma oko q¸SvekiTxe

me SevekiTse me unda SevekiTxo
ma vokiTxuq ma (qo)bkiTxenq
me vekiTxebi me vkiTxav
ma (qo)bkiTxi ma oko (qo)bkiTxe

me vkiTxe me unda vkiTxo
ma bSurduq ma dobSurduq
me viRlebi me daviRlebi
ma dobSurdi ma oko dobSurde

me daviRale me unda daviRalo
297
ma ibtyobuq ma dibtyobuq
me vimalebi me davimalebi
ma dibtyobi ma oko dibtyobe

me davimale me unda davimalo
ma vatyobuq ma duvatyobuq
me vemalebi me davemalebi
ma duvatyobi ma oko duvatyobe

me davemale me unda davemalo
ma veCiebuq ma q¸veCiebuq
me velaparakebi me davelaparakebi
ma q¸veCi ma oko q¸veCue

me davelaparake me unda davelaparako
ma bla¹afenq ma ibla¹afuq
ma vTamaSob me viTamaSeb
ma ibla¹afi ma oko ibla¹afe

me viTamaSe me unda viTamaSo
me vola¹afuq ma (q¸)vela¹afebuq
me veTamaSebi me (Se)veTamaSebi
ma (q¸)vela¹afi ma oko (q¸)vela¹afe

me veTamaSe me unda veTamaSo
298
ma ibCiebuq muwk¸ma _ ma veCiebuq mus
ma bla¹afenq muwk¸ma – ma vola¹afuq mus
vnebiTi gvaris qarTuliseburi -eb-i daboloebiani warmoeba
megrulSi ar dasturdeba.
Sexvalama - Sexvedra
awmyo
ma Sefxvaduq mus/munefs//munens
si Sexvaduq mus/munefs//munens
mu Sexvadu/¸(n) mus/munefs//munens/Tis/Tinefs//Tinens
Cqi//Cq¸ SefxvaduT mus/munefs
Tqva SexvaduT mus/munefs
munefi Sexvaduna(n) mus//munefs//munens/Tis//Tinefs//Tinens
uwyveteli
ma Sefxvadudi mus/munefs//munens
si Sexvadudi mus/munefs//munens
mu Sexvadudu/¸ Tis/Tinefs//Tinens
Cqi//Cq¸ SefxvadudiT mus/munefs//munens
Tqva SexvadudiT mus/munefs//munens
munefi Sexvadudes Tis/Tinefs//Tinens
wyvetili
ma q¸Sefxvadi mus/munefs//munens
si q¸Sexvadi mus/munefs
muq q¸Sexvadu Tis/Tinefs
Cqi//Cq¸ q¸SefxvadiT mus/munefs
Tqva q¸SexvadiT mus/munefs//munens
munefq Q q¸Sexvades Tis/Tinefs//Tinens
299
II kavSirebiTi
ma oko q¸Sebxvade mus/munefs//munens

si oko q¸Sexvade mus/munefs//munens
muq oko q¸Sexvadas Tis/Tinefs//Tinens
Cqi/Cq¸ oko q¸SefxvadaT mus/munefs//munens
Tqva oko q¸SexvadaT mus/munefs//munens
munef/nq oko q¸Sexvadan Tis/Tinefs//Tinens
ma ibrTuq ma dibrTuq
me vbrundebi me davbrundebi
ma dibrTi ma oko dibrTe

me davbrundi me unda davbrunde
ma b/fsqiduq ma q¸dob/fsqiduq
ma b/fsqiduq ma dob/fsqiduq
ma q¸dob/fsqidi ma oko q¸dob/fsqide

ma dob/fsqidi ma oko dob/fsqide
me vrCebi me davrCebi, me davrCi me unda davrCe

me vrCebi me movrCebi me movrCi me unda movrCe
awmyo
ma vokiTxuq mus – mu mokiTxu ma

ma gokiTxuq si _ si mokiTxuq ma
myofadi
ma qob/pkiTxenq mus – mu qob/pkiTxens ma
ma qorkiTxenq si – si qob/pkiTxenq ma
300
wyvetili
ma qob/pkiTxi mus – muq qob/pkiTxu ma

ma qorkiTxi si – si qob/pkiTxi ma
dapeijeba ogulefSa (telefoniT)
- gamarjeba, Tamara, ma riCardi voreq.
- gamarjeba, riCardi! muWo req?
- madloberi, Tamara, muTa miWirs! sabatons amerikaSa
me(v)urq ma do TeiSax moko Serxvadeni do arTo qobZiraT
Tqvani sofeliS lakadefi, wyarpiji do tyalefi. Cqimi af-
xanakefi xolo i¹ina Cqimwk¸ma arTo do qorTxinq, varia
vamwueni!
- pateni zojunq, xioliT molurq!
- gexari, amdRa sumi saTiSo gel¸daTi¹i sqani babuS obi-
nexewk¸ma.
- jgiri, Teq gobrCqinduq!
sofeliS el¸-mol¸
sumarefi do Tamaraq arTians q¸Sexvades do sofeliS
el-moliS oTolierefSa//oZirafSa//gajinuSa midarTes.
- aTe tyas mu joxo?
- Tena re dadiaS tya. Taq jveSo, paton-WkoralaSi borjis,
dadia gileSu onadir¸Sa; Te dixefi xolo TiSi rdu do
TeS gurSeni//TeSeni tyas dadiaS saxelq qasqidu
- ase xolo nadirenano Taq?
- vari, ase veSilebe, neba va re. Taq breli SxvadoSxva ji-
SiS ja Cans: cximuri, Wyoni, Wandari, wifuri, Wuburi,
muryani. WiWe xaniS ukuli WyoniS jins, oros q¸gTodoxo-
des do urCqiledes CitefiS RurWuls. bJaS Cxoria dobu-
rili tyas eqi-eqi giSmeWvitinandu. sodgareni zesqvi ku-
Tandu saraloT; gedirTes do dogores _ gaWirebuli kak-
larons qaSalafedu do vagTorTumudu. riCardiq gaqTi¹on
zesqvi do gutu caSa.
301
ibirdes mabSaliefi do malaRurefi. kankaleSa kvaria
qimiojRiandu, min qiri gegniSqiorudu maRali jalefiS Ji.
skvinCefi arTi ambes rdes: RurWulandes, ginofurinundes
arTi ¹aSe maJiaSa. muTuni vaujgudu TinefiS jinas do rCqi-
las.
ukuli gia¹unes naquris do malas giSeles wyarpij¸Sa.
Taq barTvens Wyorefi do kvaTarefi miTnoxvedes; xonari
q¸gegones¸ni, gefurines do iSo larWemefSa dityobes. iSo,
Tevre, WveS ¹vana rdu do TiSa mianWuafudes. barTvens Tudo
qianaSi iaia do karakoCxa miToCand¸. qufaludu inWirias do
kalias//kalios.
- Tena wenwyari reno?//Tena wenwyari re, varo?
- qo, wenwyari joxo. Taq gilurT Cqi zarxuls taniS obon-
Sa do oCxomuSa.
- breli Cxomi xeno Taq?
- varT feri,mara WiWe-WiWes qob/pWofunT.
- muT WofunT Cxoms?
- antkeciT, varda badeT. brelneri Cxomi xe Taq: kobri,
Rorjo; minSa kalmaxa xolo gamkorCqindu. Sxiras foTqvis
RaWaWias xolo bWofunT.
- wyars mele lakada iZiren Teq mu re?
- Tina re Cqini sofeliS sasafula//oxvame. Teq breli Rure-
li Txoru, l¸maS borjis teriS tyviaS ¹vilirefi. breli
didaq mukiqunu uCa, breli da do breli Cili ongaru ube-
duri bediq.
ferdens orinji mukidiardu. Txalef/ns do Sxuref/ns
WyiS eko¹undu. sumaref/ns q¸maSqirenes do wyarpis gi-
nos¸longiri mindori dogores daxunalo; gofaCes oWkomali
do oSumali. gaxoles TamaraS naWvi xaWapuri, Wkidefi do
seleginiS ¹vali. sumarenq varT RvinSen Tqvis varia. irnero
kmayofilenq do bedinerenq dirTes k¸ni ¹udeSa do muricxe-
fiS moWkadili caS Tudo Tel sers ibirdes margaluri obi-
reSef/ns//obiruens.
axali sityvebi:
302
dapeijeba – dapatiJeba
ogulebSa – saseirnod
lakada – goraki
qorTxinq – gTxov
obinexe – venaxi
gobrCqinduq – gavCndebi
el¸-mol¸ _ aremare, Semogareni
Toliereba – daTvaliereba
oTolierebSa – dasaTvaliereblad
dadiaS – dadianis
jveSo – Zvelad
paton-Wkorala – batonymoba
borji – dro
dixa – miwa
qasqidu – SerCa, SemorCa
neba va re – nebadarTuli ar aris
aTeS gurSeni – amis gulisTvis, amis gamo, amitom
SxvadoSxva – sxvadasxva
Cans – dargulia, xarobs
cximuri – rcxila
Wyoni – muxa
Wandari – Wadari
wifuri – wifeli
muryani – Txmela
WiWe xani – cota xani
jinji – Ziri, fesvi
Wyonis jins – muxis ZirSi
oro – Crdili,Cero
g¸Toxuna– raRacis qveS dajdoma
Cxoria – sxivi(mzis)
doburili – daburuli
eqi-eqi _ aqa-iq
giSmeWvitinandu – iWvriteboda
sodgareni – sadRac
303
zesqvi – SaSvi
kuTafi – kvnesa
saraloT – sabralod
dogores – moZebnes
gaWirebuli – gaWirvebuli, sawyali
kaklaroni – eklnari
aSalafa – SuaSi Cavardna
vagTorTumudu – ver gamosuliyo
gaqTi¹onu – gamoiyvana (raRacis qvemodan)
gutu – gauSva
goteba – gaSveba
mafSalia – bulbuli
malaRuri – molaRuri ( Citis saxeoba)
kankaleSa – zogjer
kvaria – yvavi
qimiojRiandu – miajRavlebda
qiri – qori
gegniSqiorudu – gadaiqrolebda
skvinCa – skvinCa(Citi)
vaujgudu – ar sjobda
ginofurinundes – gadafrindebodnen
¹a – toti
gia¹unes – gauyvnen
naquri – nakvalevi, nafexuri, naquslevi
barTvi – buCqi
Wyori – mwyeri
kvaTara – tyis qaTami
miTnoxvedes – isxdnen (SigniT)
xonari – xma
qigegones – gaigones
tyobini – damalva
iSo//Tevre – iqiT
Wve _ Wvavi
¹vana _ yana
304
WveSi ¹vana – Wvavis yana
TiSa mianWuafdes – iqiTken miiCqarodnen, mieCqarebodaT
qianaSi – uamravi
Tudo – qveS
iaia – ia
karakuCxa – enZela
miToCandu – izrdeboda (raRacis qveS)
qufaludu – gafurCqnuliyo
inWiria – anwli
kalia//kalio – ekala
wenwyari – Wanis wyali (mdinare)
varo? _ ara?
obonSa – dasabanad
oCxomu – Tevzaoba
Cxomi xeno? _ Tevzi binadrobs?
varT feri – arc ise
WiWe –WiWe – cot-cota
b/pWofunT – viWerT
antkeci – ankesi
mele – gaRma
foTqvi – leliani,jile
RaWaWia – kiborCxala
sasafula//oxvame – sasaflao//`salocavi~ (aq: sasaflao)
Txoru – marxia
l¸ma – omi, Cxubi
¹viliri _ mokluli
uCa – Savi (aq: ZaZa)
ferdi – ferdobi
orinji – saqoneli
Sxuri – cxvari
WyiSi – mwyemsi
eko¹undu – ukan mihyveboda
ginos¸longiri – gadaSlili, gaSlili
dogores – moZebnes
305
daxunali – dasajdomi
gofaCes – gaSales
gaxoles – geaxlnen, Seeqcnen
Wkidi – mWadi
vari(a) – uari
irnero – yvelanairad
dirTes – dabrundnen
k¸ni – isev
muricxi – varskvlavi
moWkadili – moWedili
Tel sers – mTeli Rame
obireSefi//obiruefi – simRerebi
- so debadi?
- ma debabdi samargalos, zugids//zugidis.
- nam¸ wanas debadi//nam¸ wanaS d¸nabad¸ req?
- ma debabdi anTas CxoroSi sumeneCdoviT wanas.
- sqan didaq nam wanas debadu?
- diaCqimq debadu anTas CxoroS JarneCdoviT wanas.
- nam wanas debades sqan squalef/nq?
- Cqimi arT squaq debadu anTas CxoroS oTxoneCdoviTosum
wanas, maJiraq - anTas CxoroS oTxoneCdoviToxuT wanas.
- so debades sqani squalef/nq?
- Cqim squalef/nq debades saqorTuos, qarTis.
savarjiSoebi:
upasureT SekiTxvebs:
1. muJams do so debadi?------------------------------------------------
2. Sxiras oxvaruqo baRanef/ns?---------------------------------------
3. mis el¸q ase?-----------------------------------------------------------
306
4. mis oko Sexvade Wume?-----------------------------------------------
5. Surduqo brels muSenq¸n Tiwk¸ma?-------------------------------
6. Sxiras uragaduqo telefoniT sqan dida do mumas zu-

gid(i)s?------------------------------------------------------------------
7. gokono baRanef/ns gerobaia (`mgelobana~ _ TamaSoba)
ela¹afen¸?---------------------------------------------------------------
8. muJams dirTuna sqani sumarefi?-----------------------------------

9. qarTis arTi TuTaTi dosqiduqo?-------------------------------
10. musxi/e waner reqia gokiTxunani, guri muTqaleno?---------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TargmneT:
1. viTi wunTi re daviTis vujineq¸ni.

2. ma voxvaruq Cqim studentef/ns.
3. ma goTanxuq si, marTali req.
4. mu iro mokiTxu ma, muWo renania sqani squalefi
5. ma nabetans b/fSurduq, brels mub/fSenq¸n Tiwk¸ma.
6. ma Tinef/ns vuragaduq irdRas.
7. munefi mola¹afuna kartis.
8. ma Cqim sumars onjuas Seb/fxvaduq.
9. samuSaSe gvians dibrTuq.
10. mu sqidu ¹udes.
11. ma mudgarens vokiTxuq Tis.
307
XXVII.
adgilis zmnizedebi:
woxole – win
mangas – sworad, pirdapir
mango – gaswvriv
ukaxale – ukan
xaslas – gverdiT, gverdze
miki-miki//muki-muki – irgvliv
Ji – zeviT
JiSe – zevidan
Jimole – zeviTken
Tudo – qveS, qvemoT
TudoSe – qvemodan
Tudole – qvemoTken
TavreSe – aqedan
TevreSe _ iqidan
gime – qveviT
eSe – zeviT, zemoT
marZgvanSe – marjvniv
kvarCxanSe – marcxniv
Sqagurs – SuagulSi, SuaSi
Zgas – kideSi
kunTxus – kuTxeSi
(v)iqile – cota iqiT
aqile – cota aqeT
mole – gamoRma
mele – gaRma
eSa-gime//eki-diki – zeviT-qveviT, aRma-daRma
dinaxale – SigniT
gale – gareT
dike – Tavqve
eki – amoRma
odinafus _ dasakargavSi
amari _ ager
308
emeri – eger
amar-emeri – aqa-iq
oSqaSeT – SuaSi
ginarTus –gadasaxvevSi
muSals – SemosasvlelSi (qalaqis, soflis)
giSals – gasasvlelSi
akarTus – SesayarSi
bJaiols – aRmosavleTiT
xolos _ axlos
Sors – Sors
¹ujiSjins – yurisZirSi
xolo-xolos – axlo-axlos
oginZaSeT – grZivad,sigrZisad
¹udeS woxole....., ukaxale..., marZgvanSe....

ninoS woxole.., xaslas.. mango....
Cqim woxole... Ji...Tudo...
sqani woxole... xaslas.... kvarCxanSe
muSi/munefiS woxole ..mango...Ji...muki-muki...
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- mi(n) gere sqan(i) woxole?

- Cqim(i) woxole gere daTiko.
- mi(n) gere sqan(i) ukaxale?
- Cqim(i) ukaxale gere naTela.
- mu geZu/¸ TiS(i) xaslas?
- TiS(i) xaslas geZu/¸ antkeci.
- mu gedgu/¸ qeToS marZgvanSe?
- qeToS marZgvanSe gedgu/¸ foxali.
- mi(n) gexe TamaraS xaslas?
- TamaraS xaslas gexe maro.
- mu miTojanu/¸ stoliS(i) Tudo?
- stoliS(i) Tudo miTojanu/¸ katu.
309
- mi(n) cxorens sqan(i) Ji?
- Cqim(i) Ji cxorens mezobeli, SoTa.
- sqan(i) ¹udeS(i) xaslas reno kino “rusTaveli”?
- vari, Cqim(i) ¹udeS ukaxale re.
- sqan(i) ¹udeSi muki-muki vardefi Canso?
- iax, Cqim(i) ¹udeS muki-muki WiTa vardefi Cans.
mdgomareobis aRmniSvneli zmnebi:
gerina – dgoma gexuna – jdoma(zed) donjira - wola

gev(o)req (ge)v(o)xeq v(o)januq
gereq (ge)xeq januq
gere(n) (ge)xe(n) janu(n)
gev(o)reT (ge)v(o)xeT v(o)januT
gereT (ge)xeT januT
gerena(n) (ge) xena(n) januna(n)
geZ¸ mu (devs, agdia is) _ geZ¸na(n) munefi (yrian isini)

gev(o)Z¸q ma (vagdivar me) _ g¸v(o)Z¸T Cqi/¸ (vyrivarT
Cven)
geZ¸q si (agdixar Sen _ geZ¸T Tqva (yrixarT Tqven)
- sovre re soxumiS quCa?

- meu mangas, ukuli marZgvanSe, ukuli dadiS doxorewkma
durTanq kvarCxanSe.
- TavreSe Sors reno?
- vari, xolos re.
- qoiCquno, levaniS(i) ¹ude sode reni?
- qo, miCqu/¸, TeatriS ukaxale re.
- mukuluanT Teatris¸n, Jimole WiWe quCas marZgvanSe re
oze, gemnurq ozeSan¸, kunTxus re eSali(kibe), geSurq maJi-
ra artaJiSan¸ do e, eTeq cxorens levani.
- ukarsaT, pateni, sode re Taq dadiaS doxore?
310
- TavreSe meuT mangas, ukuli ekiliT ferdis do Teq qo-
Zir¸nT dadiaS doxores.
- oxvame (eklesia, samlocvelo), xolo Teq reno, xolos?
- iax, pateni, doxoreSi xaslas re.
- madloberi, gexari!
savarjiSoebi:
1. sode gereq/gexeq ase?-------------------------------------------------
2. mi(n) gere/gexe sqan(i) ukaxale,xaslas?-------------------------
3. mu gere sqan(i) ukaxale?--------------------------------------------
4. mu geZu/¸ sqan(i) woxole?------------------------------------------
5. mu gilaZu/¸ stols?-------------------------------------------------
6. mi(n) cxorens sqan(i) Ji?-------------------------------------------
7. mi(n) gexe sqan(i) marZgvanSe?---------------------------------------
8. sode gere sqani maSna?-----------------------------------------------
9. muSen(i) geZu/¸ aTe wingefi Taq?---------------------------------
ma gev(o)req gev(o)rdevi¹iq//ipiq gev(o)rdi gev(o)rde
`vdgavar~ `vidgebi~ `videqi~ `vidge~
si gereq ge(o)rdei¹iq gerdi gerde
mu gere(n) ge(o)rdasi¹i(n) gerdu gerdas
Cqi gev(o)reT gev(o)rdaTvi¹iT gev(o)rdiT gev(o)rdaT
Tqva gereT ge(o)rdaTi¹iT gerdiT gerdaT
munefi gerena(n) ge(o)rdaTi¹ina(n) gerdes gerdan(i/¸)
ma gev(o)xeq gifxvenuafuq¸ gev(o)xedi gev(o)xede

`vzivar~ `vijdebi~ `vijeqi~ `vijde~
si gexeq gixvenuafuq¸ gexedi gexede
mu gexe(n) gixvenuafu(n) gexedu/¸ gexedas
Cqi gev(o)xeT gifxvenuafuT gev(o)xediT gev(o)xedaT
Tqva gexeT gixvenuafuT gexediT gexedaT
munefi gexena(n) gixvenuafuna(n) gexedes gexedan(i/¸)
311
ma v(o)januq ibjanuafuq¸ v(o)janudi v(o)janude
`vwevar~ `viwvebi~ `viweqi~ `viwve~
si (o)januq ijanuafuq¸ (o)janudi janude
mu (o)janu(n) ijanuafu(n) (o)janudu/¸ janudas
Cqi v(o)januT ibjanuafuT v(o)janudiT v(o)janudaT
Tqva (o)januT ijanuafuT (o)janudiT janudaT
munefi (o)januna(n) ijanuafuna(n) (o)janudes janudan(i/¸)
1. ma kinoS woxole gev(o)rdi muq morTun Tiwk¸ma.
2. ninos vardefi ukinebudun TeS gerd duqaniS woxole,
el¸d muS ma¹ales.
3. baRanefi skolaS ozes (d)inordes do el¸des deleqtors.
4. aTe stoli kinox(winaT) akoSkaS woxole gedg¸d¸, ase
oTaxiS oSqaSeT gedg¸.
5. kilas¸s eCi baRana milaxedu.
6. maTmatikaS gakveTils milaxedes mowafefi do Surbunuo//
Surubunuo (sulganabuli) urCqiledes uCtels//uStels.
7. Cqi brel xans/c giv(o)xediT ginZe skams baR¸s.
8. Tqva anwi oko mukoxedaT stols, sadiluaS borji re.
9. ma lexi voreq do albeT Wume xolo ibjanuafuq.
10. lex reqin¸ Tiwk¸ma oko janude.
11. stoliS Tudo Cqim joRori miTojanu.
12. baRanefi viT saTis norCals(loginSi) janudes.
mgzavroba
- ukasraT, sore Taq avtobusiS staianka?
- emeri re, oCaieS (saCaies) woxole.
- xom vaiCq¸na, nam nomeri avtobusi meurs WkaduaSiSa?
- oTxi nomeri, pateni!
- madloberi, sqani Wiri!
- taqsi, gaCeri!
- gamarjebaT, soiSa mezojunT?
312
- ma qalaqiSa meurq. Mmusxi/e larSa midam¹onanT?
- sum larSa.
- jgiri.... a, aTaq gam¸CeriT! madloberi!
- baTumSa meurq matarebeliT. so oko ipide bileTi?
- matarebeliS vagzals, kasas!
- ....gamarjebaT! Jiri bileTi qomuCiT baTumSax!
- a, pateni, Tqvani bileTefi.
- musxi/e oko ibge?
- JarneCi lari.
- nam saTis meurs matarebeli?
- onjuaS bruo saTis.
- madloberi gafuT.
- jgiri Sara, pateni!
- muJams mefurinunq moskovSa?
- Wume, seriS Jir saTis aeroportis oko vorde. taqsi
ma¹i oWanafali.
- jgiri, aba, jgiri furinuas gisurvenq!
- madloberi!
meCama - `micema~
awmyo
ma varZenq mus Tis `me vaZlev mas mas~
si arZenq
mu/Tina arZens
Cqi varZenT
Tqva arZenT
munefi/Tinefi arZena(n)
myofadi
ma (q¸)meb/fCanq mus Tis `me mivcem mas mas~
si (q¸) meCanq
mu/Tina (q¸)meCans
Cqi (q¸)meb/fCanT
Tqva (q¸)meCanT
munefi/Tinefi (q¸)meCana(n)
313
wyvetili
ma qimeb/fCi mus Tina `me miveci mas is~
si qimeCi
muq/Tiq qimeCu/¸
Cqi qimeb/fCiT
Tqva qimeCiT
munef/nq/Tinenq qimeCes
II kavSirebiTi
ma qimeb/fCe mus Tina `me mivce mas is~

si qimeCe
muq qimeCas
Cqi qimeb/fCaT
Tqva qimeCaT
munef/nq qimeCan(i)
ma merCanq si wingis.
si qomuCanq ma Wume Ti gazeT¸s.
mu qomuCans ma axal jurnals.
ma goRa qimerCi si Cqimi wingi.
aTe markateli levan¸q muCu.
aTe RorRonji Cqim(i) dianTilq¸ muCu.
ma moko si merCe Cqim(i) koto.
ma qimeb/pWarunq mus qaRard¸s – mu q¸mopWaruns ma qaRard¸s.
ma qimeb/p¹idenq mus ¹udes – mu q¸mop¹idens ma ¹udes.
savarjiSoebi:
nino, maroS ¹udewk¸ma gev(o)req//giluoreq. muJams murq¸ si?
irakli, sode gereq¸? vagorwyeq¸!
mu Saras gilare.
sqan(i) ¹udewk¸ma gerena
Tqva irdRas Taq gereTo?
314
studentefi Sxiras gerena universitetiS woxole.
givoxeq atamankas do vujineq¸ televizors.
maro, nam riadis voxeT Cqi ase?
si so xeq?
Tqva miToxeT Cqim maSnas.
Salva Tel dRas xe do guraflens.
munefi milaxena leqcias do urCqilena profesors.
ma vojanuq norCals TiSen, namda lex voreq.
muSen januq? lexi reqo?
levani janu, Suladiri re.
baRanefi mindors muwojanuna//wumojanuna.
so januT, baRanefi?
prols/c givojanuT//gebjanuT.
rezo, mus aSajanuq?
ma yolandars aSvojanuq.
Tinefi oros giToxena.
ma xolo moko oroS giTonjira do giToxuna.
Wvens do osurefi jaS jins giTorena, giniWvemuana.
ma qarTiSa mafu oulari, doxturSa voreq Wanafili.
muJams meurq?
geRanSo milamu/¸.
xvale urqo?
var, Cqimi qomonji mep¹uns//mepuns.
qarTiS//qarTSa ula.
ninoq do rusikoq vagzals q¸Sexvades arTians/c:

- nino, gamarjeba, so meurq?
- ma qarTSa meurq.
- xvale meurqo?
- vari, ma do Cqimi qomonji. Wume uRuraleT Teq oko vorde,
doxturi mel¸.
- mus gaWu, nino?
315
- Tols/c vavorwyeq jgiro do oko dibsqilidue. miwis, ape-
racia oxvarunia.
- musxans gicaduq qarTis.
- dio vamaragade. doxturs q¸duragaduanq¸n, ukuli marCqve-
nu.
- baRanefi mis dute nino?
- baRanefi Cqim(i) dianTilwk¸ma rena. diaCqim(i) xolo ox-
var¸. ase kanikulefi uR¸na- skolaSa gilaulari do uro-
kefi ogurafali va¹ina.
- gvalo jgiri, jgiro doirTindas!
- gaxarebeda!
axali sityvebi:
moWyordu/¸ – maviwydeba
g¸moWyordu/¸ – damaviwyda
megvianebu/¸ – magviandeba
d¸megvianu/¸ – damagvianda
Surbunuo//Surubunuo –sulganabuli
oCaie – Cais plantacia
soiSa – saiTken, sanamde
oWanafali – dasabarebeli,dasaZaxebeli
Wanafa – dabareba, daZaxeba, mowveva
Wanafili – dabarebuli, mowveuli
markateli – makrateli
RorRonji – bati
dianTeli//dianTili – dedamTili, sidedri
muanTeli//muanTili – mamamTili, simamri
koto – qoTani
atamanka – divani
lexi – avad(myofi)
Suladiri – daRlili
proli – iataki
Wvens – wvims
316
giniWvemuana – (gadaiwvimeben) wvimis gadaRebas elodebian
geRanSo milam¸ – zegisTvis vapireb
mus gaWu – ra gtkiva(ras gtkiva)
vavorwyeq – ver vxedav
disqilidue – moirCino
miwues//miwis – miTxres
oxvarunia – Sveliso
gicaduq – darCebi, (daelodebi)
doute//dute – dautove
(mida)¹onafa - wayvana
ma mep¹uns baRana `me mimyavs bavSvi~
si mer¹uns …
mus me¹uns ………
Cqi mep¹una(n) …
Tqva mer¹una(n) …
munef/ns me¹una(n) …
ma mep¹unq si _ me mimyavxar Sen

si mer¹unq ma _ Sen migyavar me
mus mep¹unq ma _ mas mivyavar me
mus me¹unq si _ mas mihyavxar Sen
mus me¹uns Tina – mas mihyavs is
(mida)Rala – waReba
ma memiRu/¸(n) wingi `me mimaqvs wigni~
si meiRu/¸¸(n)
mus meuRu/¸¸(n)
Cqi memiRuna(n)//mem¸R¸na(n)
Tqva meiRuna(n)//meiR¸na(n)
munef/ns meuRuna(n)//meuR¸na(n)
317
mep¹uns _ midep¹onanq _ midep¹oni
memiRu/¸ _ midebRanq _ midebRi
midep¹onanq – molep¹onanq
midebRanq¸ ¸ – molebRanq¸ ¸
mi¹ors - miyvars
ma mi¹ors mu/munefi _ me miyvars is, isini

si gi¹ors mu/munefi
mus u¹ors mu/munefi
Cqi mi¹ora(n) mu/munefi
Tqva gi¹ora(n) mu/munefi
munef/ns u¹ora(n) Tina/Tinefi
ma mi¹orq si _ me miyvarxar Sen

ma mi¹orT Tqva me miyvarxarT Tqven
Cqi mi¹orT si Cven gviyvarxar Sen
Cqi mi¹orT Tqva Cven gviyvarxarT Tqven
si gi¹orq ma mus vu¹orq ma

si gi¹orT Cqi mus vu¹orT Cqi
Tqva gi¹orT ma munef/ns vu¹orq ma
Tqva gi¹orT Cqi munef/ns vu¹orT Cqi
mus u¹orq si
mus u¹orT Tqva
munef/ns u¹orT si
munef/ns u¹orT Tqva
318
iswavleT es zmnebi myofadSi, wyvetilsa da II kavSirebiTSi:
mi¹ors ma¹orofuaf¸ (q¸)me¹orof¸ (q¸)me¹orofas //
qib¹orofue
mob/pwons q¸mmewoneb¸ q¸mmewon¸ q¸mmewonas
moko(n) makorinuafu/¸ qib/pkorine q¸mmakorinas//
qib/pkorinue
maWu(n) maWve//mawyune q¸maWu//mawyunu q¸maWuas//mawyunas
blurs marule dibrule dibrule
SeadareT :
ma¹orofuaf¸ – q¸ma¹orofuaf¸ – q¸me¹orof¸ _ q¸me¹orofas
ibkorinua _ mibkorinuanq _ mibkorine _ mibkorinue
maWvebuaf¸ – q¸maWve _ q¸maWv¸ _ q¸maWuas
maruluaf¸ _ q¸dmarule – q¸dmarulu _ q¸dmarulas
savarjiSo:
1. bSxiras gixvaduno Sxva qianefSa ula?--------------------------

2. miwkma arTo gilurq?-------------------------------------------------
3. ase soiSa meurq?-------------------------------------------------------
4. sqani osuri/qomonji mer¹unso?-----------------------------------
5. morwonso gilula?---------------------------------------------------
6. goWyorduno muTuniS Rala?----------------------------------------
7. gegvianebuno vagzalSa vara aeroportSaA?---------------------
319
gadaiyvaneT zmnebi myofadSi, wyvetilsa da kavSirebiTSi:
1. ma mep¹uns baRana babuS ¹uCa//¹udeSa.

2. Cqi mepuna studentefi quTeSiSa.
3. mus mepunq ma oxvameSa.
4. Cqi memRunano oWkomali munefSa?
5. mu meiRu/¸ samuSaSa?
6. mus meuRu/¸ diSqa.
7. munef/ns mouRuna oW¸nax¸.
8. sqan(i) dabadebaS(i) dRaSa Cqim(i) oxolaskiri//oxoraski-
li mop¹uns.
9. mis me¹unq jaraluaSa?
10. mus mo¹uns ma¹ale diaraSa.
XXVIII.
yoveldRiuri saqmianoba - irdRer(i) saqme
- oWmares adre eTmodirTuqo//edirTuqo?

- qo, adre miCq edgina.
- mus saqvarenq (saqmianob)?
- bkakalenq, miTmobdoxoduq//miTobdoxoduq maSnas do samuSa-
Sa meurq.
- ondRes mus orTuq?
- ondRes ib/fsvanjuq.
- onjuas muTQ irTuanq//eTmeirTuanq dus?
- onjuas televizors vujineq
- gviano d¸Tminjiruqo//injiruqo?
- qo, Zaam gvians imjiruq.
- sqan squalefi xolo gvians injirunano?
- var, inefi adre injiruna, viT saTis, adre afuna eiodgina-
li, skolaSa gilula.
320
iswavleT axali zmnebi:
edgina – adgoma doxuna – dajdoma donjira – dawola
eTmobdirTuq d¸Tmobdoxoduq imjiruq
eTmodirTuq d¸Tmodoxoduq injiruq
eTmodirT¸ d¸Tmodoxodu injiru
eTmobdirTuT¸ d¸TmobdoxoduT imjiruT
eTmodirTuT¸ d¸TmodoxoduT injiruT
eTmodirTuna(n) d¸Tmodoxoduna(n) injiruna(n)
- Wume nam saTis dinjiruq?

- Wume uRuraleT adre q¸dimjiruq do goTanaSa(x)(gaTenebam-
de) gebdirTuq.
- sqani osuri mu borjis edirT¸?
- Tina xolo goTanaSa edirTu.
- ukul so urTu?
- ma qimTobdoxoduq avtobusis do samuSaSa midurq, ina ba-
zarSa midurs.
myofadi:
gebdirTuq (q¸)gebdoxoduq (q¸)dimjiruq
gedirTuq (q¸)gedoxoduq (q¸)dinjiruq
gedirTu(n) (q¸)gedoxodu(n) (q¸)dinjiru(n)
gebdirTuT (q¸)gebdoxoduT (q¸)dimjiruT
gedirTuT (q¸)gedoxoduT (q¸)dinjiruT
gedirT¸na(n) (q¸)gedoxod¸na(n) (q¸)dinjir¸na(n)
- nam saTis edirTi goRa?
- goRa ebdirTi goTanas, bruo saTis.
- sqan jimaq mu borjis//dros edirT?
- is dorulafa u¹ors do viTaarTi saTiSa qolurd¸.
- mu borjis//dros dinjir(i) Ruma?
- Ruma Zam gviano dimjiri, seriS priveli saTis. TiSeni re
ase maruluafuni.
321
- mu dros idi samuSaSa?
- Cxoro saTis ginobrTi, qimTobdoxodi maSnas do xuTi wun-
TSa samuSas vordi.
- ukuli q¸mkobdoxodi Cqim stols do mubSendi onjuaSi am-
Svi saTSa.
wyvetili:
gebdirTi (q¸)dobdoxodi (q¸)dimjiri
gedirTi (q¸)dodoxodi (q¸)dinjiri
gedirT¸ (q¸)dodoxodu
(q¸)dinjiru
gebdirTiT (q¸)dobdoxodiT (q¸)dimjiriT
gedirTiT (q¸)dodoxodiT (q¸)dinjiriT
gedirTes (q¸)dodoxodes (q¸)dinjires
brZanebiTi:
gedirTi(T)! _ adeqi(T)!
gezoji(T)! _ abrZandi(T)!
q¸dodoxodi(T)! – dajeqi!/dasxediT!
q¸dozoji(T)! _ dabrZandi(T)!
q¸dinjiri(T)! _ daweqi(T)!
- nam saTis oko dinjiran amdRa baRanef/nq?

- adre oko dinjiran, Wume oWmares adre afuna eiodginali.
- nam saTis oko edirTe oWumares?
- adre oko ebdirTe, SqviT saTis, breli saqvari miRu. Cqim
qomonjiq xolo adre oko edirTas, muSenda arZa arTo
mevurTu/¸.
- nam saTis oko rde samuSas?
- Cxoro saTis Teq oko vorde.
322
II kavSirebiTi:
gebdirTe (q¸)dobdoxode (q¸)dimjire

gedirTe (q¸)dodoxode (q¸)dinjire
gedirTas (q¸)dodoxodas (q¸)dinjiras
gebdirTaT (q¸)dobdoxodaT (q¸)dimjiraT
gedirTaT (q¸)dodoxodaT (q¸)dinjiraT
gedirTan(i/¸) (q¸)dodoxodan(i/¸) (q¸)dinjiran(i/¸)
savarjiSoebi:
1. nam saTis edirTi amdRa?--------------------------------------------

2. mu borjis/dros oko edirTe Wume?------------------------------
3. amdRa adre dinjiruqo?----------------------------------------------
4. nam kafes dobdoxodaT?----------------------------------------------
5. q¸dodoxoduqo Cqim(i) xaslas diaras?-------------------------
6. goRa gvians//gviano dinjirio?-------------------------------------
telefoniT saubari
- alo, girCqileT!
- gamarjeba, qiSilebenda, giorgis q¸duZaxiT telefonSa!
- giorgi vare ¹udes. mu ginofCa?
- ma irakli voreq¸, giorgiS(i) jimakoCi. quwiT, domrekas¸n!
- aucilebero, jgiro ordaT!
- jgiro zojundaT!
323
XXIX.
Cieba – Tqma, saubari
awmyo myofadi
ma ib/fCiebuq `vambob~ qob/fTquanq
si iCiebuq qoTquanq
mu iCiebu(n) qoTquans
Cqi ib/fCiebuT qob/fTquanT
Tqva iCiebuT qoTquanT
munefi iCiebu/¸na(n) qoTquana(n)
qob/fTqvi qob/fTque
qoTqvi qoTque
muq qoTqu muq qoTquas
qob/fTqviT qob/fTquaT
qoTqviT qoTquaT
munef/nq qoTqvis//qoTqves munef/nq qoTquan(i)
awmyo myofadi
ma veCiebuq `veubnebi~ (q)uwinq
si eCiebuq (q)uwinq
mu eCiebu(n) (q)uwins
Cqi veCiebuT (q)uwinT
Tqva eCiebuT (q)uwinT
munefi eCiebu/¸na(n) (q)uwina (n)
(q)uwi (q)uwue
(q)uwi (q)uwue
muq (q)uwu (q)uwuas
(q)uwiT (q)uwuaT
(q)uwiT (q)uwuaT
munef/nq (q)uwis//(q)uwues (q)uwuan(i)
324
1. ma ib/fCiebuq, namda Wume tarozi i¹in(i). si mus Tquanq¸?

2. si iCiebuq, namda WiTa Rvins vaSunq, varo?
3. Cq¸ni prezidenti iCiebu/¸, ifreli jgiro i¹inia.
4. studentefi iCiebuna, namda aTe leqtoriS leqciefi va-
mowonan.
5. munef//munenqq Tqvis, namda vemnula leqciaSa.
6. goRa bTqvi, namda vamurq-maq, mara iSen q¸mob/frTi.
7. ninoq Tqu, namda goRaneri akoSayaruaq Zami saWiroq i¹ua.
8. ma moko b/fTquen, namda aTe wingi dasuro jgiri Warili
ren.
9. qoTqvi, mu gokon¸?
SeadareT:
1. ma Sxiras vuragaduq Cqim squas, namda breli ikiTxas¸n.

2. Wume qoiwinq, muJams oko morTeni.
3. imendi miRu, qomwinq SexvamlafaS borjis//dros.
4. munefi qoiwina irfels//ifrels aTe ambeSi muki-muki.
5. giorgiq qomiwu aTe jaraluaS gurSeni. ma uwi, namda
uRuraleT qimib/fSin.
6. ma qoiwi si, namda Wume vab/fCoduni.
7. ninoq giwuo, namda Wume Sexvaduqin?
8. qiSilebenda, quwi diasqans, qumorTiSo!
9. marina, quwi levans, domrekas¸n.
10. ma miwis munef/nq, namda qomjinena//qomjinedes gverd sa-
Tis.
11. ma moko qoiwuaT¸n, namda Zami kmayofili voreq Tqvanwk¸ma
SexvalamaT.
12. Tqva Seilebuna qomwuaT marTali.
13. si oko qomiwue, muJams req Tavisfali.
14. studentef/nq uwis reqtors, namda munefi kmayofilefi
rdes aTe programaT¸n.
325
15. qomiwi, mu gokoni/¸?
16. mu morwons¸n qom¸winqda, qimerCanq faras do qi¹idi.
17. maroq miwu, bzaT voreqia.
18. Cqi uwiT baRanefs, namda saCuqarefs movuRandiT¸n.
gaimeore sityvebi da upasuxe SekiTxvebs:
1. mis meCi sqani baSlay¸?----------------------------------------------

2. mis uwi “gamarjeba”?-------------------------------------------------
3. mis mexvari JaSxas//JeSxas?------------------------------------------
4. mis u¹idi aTe janjuxefi?------------------------------------------
5. mis ureki oWmares?---------------------------------------------------
6. mis Sexvadi goRa?-----------------------------------------------------
7. mis oZiri sqani el¸-mol¸?-----------------------
------------------
8. q¸mgewonuo moWyuduq¸?----------------------------------------------
9. miq gi¹on¸ diaraSa?---------------------------------------------------
10. si miRio aTe diSqa?--------------------------------------------------
11. miq miR¸ aTe foxali?------------------------------------------------
XXX.
mu mugkoquns? - ra gacvia?
ma mukmoquns (kaba) ma mukmaqvenuafu/¸ ma mukmoqundu/¸
si mukgoquns si mukgaqvenuafu/¸ si mukgoqundu/¸
mus mukaquns mus mukaqvenuafu/¸ mus mukaqundu/¸
Cqi mukmoquna(n) Cqi muqmaqvenuafna Cqi mukmoqundes
Tqva mukgoquna(n) Tqva mukgaqvenuafna(n) Tqva mukgoqundes
munefs mukaquna(n) munefs mukaqvenuafna(n) munefs mukaqundes
326
mu gegorTu? - ra gaxuravs?
ma gimorTu//¸(n)(qudi) ma gimarTumuafu/¸ ma gimorTudu//¸
si gigorTu//¸(n) si gigarTumuafu/¸ si gigorTudu//¸
mus giorTu//¸(n) mus giarTumuafu/¸ mus giorTudu//¸
Cqi gimorTu/¸na(n) Cqi gimarTumuaf¸na Cqi gimorTudes
Tqva gigorTu/¸na(n) Tqva gigarTumuaf¸na Tqva gigorTudes
munefs giorTu/¸na munefs giarTumuaf¸na munefs giorTudes
mu gegobu? - ra gikeTia?/gabnevia?
ma gimobu//¸(n)(saTi)ma gimabunuafu/¸(n) ma gimobudu//¸
si gigobu//¸(n) si gigabunuafu/¸(n) si gigobudu//¸
mus giobu//¸(n) mus giabunuafu/¸(n) mus giobudu//¸
Cqi gimobu/¸na(n) Cqi gimabunuafna(n) Cqi gimobu/¸des
Tqva gigobu/¸na(n) Tqva gigabunuafna(n) Tqva gigobu/¸des
munefs giobu/¸na(n) munefs giabunuafna(n) munefs giobu/¸des
- mu mukgoquns?
- axali RarTi (Coxa) mukmoquns.
- goRa mu mukgoqundu?
- goRa nabadi mukmoqundu.
- Wume mu mukgaqvenuafu/¸?
- Wume Ce kiteli mukmaqvenuafu/¸.
- levani, mu gigobu/¸ xes?
- saTi gimobu/¸.
- goRa gigobu/¸duo saTi?
- vari, goRa saTi vegmobu/¸du.
- Wume gigabunuaf¸no saTi?
- qo, Wume gimabunuafu/¸.
327
iswavle ferebi:
Ce – TeTri
WiTa – wiTeli
uCa – Savi
caSferi – cisferi
wvane, doloSferi – mwvane, mdelosferi
yvinTeli//¹vinTeli – yviTeli
iaSferi – iisferi
vardiSferi – vardisferi
tutaSferi – nacrisferi
kariCni – yavisferi
monWireli caSferi – muqi lurji (cisferi)
RviniSferi – Rvinisferi
WerWe – Wreli
mwvane//nwvane//rwvane – mwvane
jRari//JRari _ JRali
iswavle axali sityvebi:

adamianis sxeulis nawilebi
dudi – Tavi likvi – muSti
Tuma – Tma kiTi – TiTi
¹uji – yuri Can(C) kiTi – ceri
Toli – Tvali Sqa kiTi _ Sua TiTi
wari – warbi qvara – muceli
Cxvindi – cxviri xasila – gverdi
Rvanwki – loya, Rawvi gioxvenji – sajdomi
piji – piri Cupa – Wipi
kibiri – kbili kidiri – mkerdi
nina – ena du¹i – idayvi
kiseri _ kiseri, yeli manja – maja
qindiri _ qedi guri – guli
xe – xeli CxonCxi – RviZli
kuCxi – fexi fiJvi _ filtvi
quri – qusli
328
waikiTxe teqsti da aRwere Seni oTaxi:
giorgiS oTax¸
Tena re giorgiS samuSa oTaxi. oTax¸s dg¸ arTi stoli

do muz¸mareni skami. stols giladg¸ kompiuteri do obeSta-
li monwyiloba. kunTxus k¸nodg¸ Skafi. Skafis miToZ¸ winge-
fi, qaRardefi, ruCkefi do karandaSefi. kidalas mukob¸ su-
raTefi do naxantefi.
oTax¸s dg¸ Jiri kreslo do arTi atamanka. prols
gerÇ sqvami noxi. stols gilasorg¸ qarRadiS furcelefi.
giorgi mukoxe stols. mus maZ¸ uCa Salvari//Ziqva do
Ce saroCka, kisers giob¸ gastuki. Tina muSens.
axali sityvebi:
Waru/¸ `weria~ Warud¸ èwera~

mukobu/¸ `kidia~ mukobud¸ èkida~
gerCu/¸ àfenia~ gerÇd¸ èfina~
gilasorgu/¸`yria~ gilasorg¸d¸ èyara~
geZu/¸ `devs~ geZ¸d¸ ìdo~
iWaruaf¸ èwereba~, `dawerili iqneba~
mukab(v)enuafu èkideba~, `dakidebuli iqneba~
giarCvenuafu èfineba~, `dafenili iqneba~
gilasorguaf¸ èyreba~, `dayrili iqneba~
giZvenu ìdeba~, `dadebuli iqneba~
savarjiSoebi:
1. mu mukgoquns?----------------------------------------------------------
2. mu mukaquns mus?-------------------------------------------------------
3. goRa mu mugkoqundu//¸? --------------------------------------------
329
4. mus mu mukaqundu//¸?-------------------------------------------------
5. WumeSgeRani mu mukgaqvenuafu//¸?----------------------------------
6. mu mukaqvenuafu/¸ ninos diaras?----------------------------------
7. mu gigobu//¸ xes?------------------------------------------------------
8. mu giobu//¸ mus kisers?---------------------------------------------

9. goRawo(x) gigobuduo saTi?---------------------------------------
10. ninos euZuduo (ekeTa) aCkefi?-----------------------------------
11. Wume gigabunuaf¸no cepi?-------------------------------------------
mu egiZu? _ ra gikeTia?
SeniSvna:
saTvalis, lagamis, niRbis SemTxvevaSi ixmareba zmnaEedvala
`gakeTeba, amodeba (raRacis)~.
awmyo myofadi wyvetili=uwyveteli
ma emiZ¸(n)(saTvale) emaZvenuafu/¸(n) emiZ¸d¸

si egiZ¸(n) egaZvenuafu/¸(n) egiZ¸d¸
mus euZ¸(n) eaZvenuafu/¸ euZ¸d¸
Cqi emiZ¸na(n) emaZvenuafna(n) emiZ¸des
Tqva egiZ¸na(n) egaZvenuafna(n) egiZ¸des
munefs euZ¸na(n) eaZvenuafna(n) euZ¸des
330
XXXI.
I TurmeobiTi
mu miRolamu? – ra miqnia?
ma dom¸guruafu/¸ afxanakSa margaluri.
awmyo-myofadi wyvetili I TurmeobiTi

(do)bWarunq¸ (do)bWari (do)m¸War¸
bkiTxulenq-webkiTxenq¸ webkiTxi (wa)m¸kiTxir¸
(qo)bTquanq¸ (qo)bTqvi (qo)m¸Tqual¸
(qi)mubSenq¸ (qi)mubSe (qo)m¸muSeb¸
bgurafulenq-(qi)dibguruanq¸ (qi)bgure (q¸)dom¸guruaf¸
(g¸)vakeTenq¸ (g¸)vakeTi (ga)m¸keTeb¸
(a)vaSenenq¸ (a)vaSeni (a)m¸Seneb¸
(do)brek¸nq¸ (do)breki (do)m¸rek¸
(o)bWkomunq¸ (o)bWkomi (o)m¸Wkom¸
(ge)fSunq¸ (ge)fSvi (ge)m¸Sum¸
(qo)ujineq¸ (qo)ujini (qo)m¸jinu
(qo)urCqileq¸ (qo)urCqili (qo)m¸rCqilu
(q¸)dibWyanq¸ (q¸)dibWyi (q¸)dom¸Wyaf¸
(gu)vaTenq¸ (gu)vaTe (ga)m¸Teb¸
SeniSvna: senakur kilokavSi ¸ iracionaluri xmovnis nac-

vlad yvela dasaxelebul zmnaSi iqneba i/u xmovani.
waikiTxeT dialogi:
- doWario davaleba?
- vam¸War¸.
- q¸digureo gakveTili?
331
- vadom¸guruaf¸.
- si mirekio goRa?
- var, ma vam¸rek¸.
- ma dRas vamimuSeb¸ ¹vanas. si?
- qo, ma mimuSeb¸.
- ma dRas vam¸Wkom¸ elarji.si?
- qo, ma miWkom¸.
- si dRas gaikeTeb¸no gebJalia ¹vali?
- var, ma dRas vam¸keTeb¸ gebJalia ¹vali.
TurmeobiTis funqcias asrulebs: mimReoba+”qona” zmna

mimReoba + “yofna” zmna
kiTxirebul(i) maf¸//ma¹i – wakiTxuli maqvs//meqneba

Zirafil(i) maf¸//ma¹i – nanaxi maqvs//meqneba
Waril(i) maf¸//ma¹i _ dawerili maqvs//meqneba
mukoqunel(i) voreq¸//ipiq – Cacmuli var//viqnebi
mo¹unafil(i) maf¸//ma¹i – moyvanili myavs//meyoleba
ulir(i) re//i¹i – wasuli aris//iqneba
kiler(i) re//i¹i – daketili aris//iqneba
doWyafil(i) maf¸//ma¹i _ dawyebuli maqvs//meqneba
savarjiSo:
CasviT igive zmnebi I TurmeobiTSi:
1. doWariTo davaleba? var, _____________________

2. q¸digureo gakveTili? var, _____________________
3. gakveTili vadoiguruaf¸nano? var, __________________
4. si mirekio goRa? var, _____________________
5. goRa breli Rvini geSvio? var, Rvini _______________
ontka bSvi.
6. ma dRas va _____________________ ilors.
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7. ma dRas va _____________________ ”ojaleSi”
8. dRas ___________ si elarji? var, dRas va___ elarji.
9. qoiCq¸no, ____________ davaleba do vabSudu.
10. si axal ¹ude no ___________, ninoq miwu.
11. mus, Turme, sum saTis _______ Sexvalama prezidentwk¸ma.
12. dRas q¸duguruaf¸no ninos gakveTili jgiro? var, dRas
___________
awmyo-myofadi wyvetili I TurmeobiTi
voreq `var~ ipiq vordi p¹ofeq

me(v)urq `mivdivar~ midurq midafrTi midamrTu/¸mu/¸
virTuq `vbrundebi~ dibrTuq¸ dibrTi dom¸rTin¸
bSurduq `viRlebi~ dobSurduq dobSurdi dob¸Suladeq¸
voxvaruq `vexmarebi~ qim¸vexvarebuq¸ qim¸vxvari q¸memxvarebu/¸

veTanxmebuq¸ `veTanxmebi~ daveTanxmebuq¸ deveTanxmi dabTanxmebuq
SiTmebxvaduq `vxvdebi~ q¸Sebxvaduq¸ q¸Sebxvadi q¸Sebxvalamuq
ma p¹ofeq//pofereq _ me vyofilvar
ma q¸Sebxvalamuq¸ ma¹ales _ me Sevxvedrivar megobars.
myofadi _ xolmeobiTi
dobWarunq – dobWarundi/T
doWarundi/T
doWarund¸/es
qiSebxvaduq – q¸Sebxvadudi/T
q¸Sexvadudi/T
q¸Sexvadudu/es
ip(¹)iqi _ ipiidi
midurq _ midefSi//midourdi
333
XXXII.
II TurmeobiTi, III pirobiTi
mu miRolamudu? – ra meqna?
mu miRolamudko? _ ra (rom) unda meqna?
wyvetili II TurmeobiTi III pirobiTi
ma dopWari ma domiWarudu ma domWarudko(n¸)

wepkiTxi wamkiTxirebudu
wamkiTxirebudko(n¸)
qofTqvii qomTqualudu qomTqualuduko(n¸)
qimufSe qommuSebudu qommuSebudko(n¸)
qipidi qom¹idirudu qom¹idirudko(n¸)
q¸dibgure q¸domguruafudu q¸domguruafudko(n¸)
q¸dvogure qudomguruafudu qudomguruafudko(n¸)
gavakeTi gamkeTebudu gamkeTebudko(n¸)
avaSeni amSenebudu amSenebudko(n¸)
dov/breki domrekudu domrekudko(n¸)
opWkomi omWkomudu omWkomudko(n¸)
gefSvi gemSumudu gemSumudko(n¸)
qujini qomjinudu qomjinudko(n¸)
qurCqili qomrCqiludu qomrCqiludko(n¸)
q¸dipWyi q¸domWyafudu q¸domWyafudko(n¸)
1. ma mokod¸ dom¸Warudko davaleban¸, mara vabCodud¸.

2. mokod¸ qom¹idirudko sqano vardefin, mara fara vamRud¸.
3. mokod¸ oiWkomuduko Cqim(i) keTebuli sadilin¸.
4. mokod¸ ekas q¸duguruafudko franguli ninan¸, mara mus
va mowons Te nina.
334
5. mokod¸ geg¸momCamudko Cqim(i) maSnan¸, mara vag¸mmaCin¸.
6. g¸nobWyvidi, adre q¸domWyafuduko gakveTilin¸.
7. Sem¸lebud¸, gam¸Tebudko aTe wingiS(i) kiTxiri amdRan¸,
mara g¸nobWyvidi, televizorSa qomjinudukon¸.
8. veSemlebud¸ q¸domguruafudko aTe gakveTilin¸.
9. milamud¸, wamkiTxirudko aTe statian¸, mara Suladiri
vordi do vamakiTxir¸.
10. midabrTi bazarSa qom¹idirudko xilin¸.
11. kinoSa midabrTi qomjinudko axal filmSan¸.
12. qipidi arvani(qvasanayi), suneli domkakud¸kon¸(damenaya).
13. amdRa oko miSumudko wamali, mara g¸moWyor¸d¸.
14. amdRarSo(dReisTvis) Cqi oko wamkiTxir¸desko axali ariki.
15. mus oko q¸muRaludko axali gazeTefi.
16. Tqva oko doiWar¸desko aTe savarjiSo!
17. nite qoijinudko aTe gadacemaSa!
18. egeba qoimuSebudko Cqin(i) organizacias!
19. ma domWarudko leqsin, aucilebero waikiTxendi.
20. geiSumudko Rvinin, umos jgir xasiaTis i¹idi.
21. Cqimda(CemTvis) doirekudukon, aucilebero q¸mibSi.
22. mus qoumuSebudko umos jgiron¸, premias miRend¸.
23. ma kmayofili ip¹idi, Tqva ujguSo qoiguruafdeskon¸.
24. jgiri i¹id¸, ivanobaSa damimTavrebudko proeqtin¸.
25. aTe gazeTi ma qomRudkon, webkiTxendi.
26. maS¸na qopundukon¸, aucilebero q¸mibSi.
27. Cqim(i) saTi gegmuCamud¸ diaCqims¸.
28. naTias qouZirud¸ bebmuSi.
335
wyvetili II TurmeobiTi III pirobiTi
vordi `viyavi~ poferedi (qo)poferedko(n¸)
midafrTi `wavedi~ midamirTumudu midamirTumudko(n¸)
dibrTi `davbrundi~ dobrTeledi dobrTedko(n¸)
q¸dobsqidi `davrCi~ dofsqiladedi q¸dobsqiladedko(n¸)
dobSurdi `daviRale~ dofSuladedi dobSuladedko(n¸)
q¸mvexvari `davexmare~ qememxvarebudu q¸momxvarebudko(n¸)

d¸vatyobi `davemale~ domtyobinudu doptyobinediko(n¸)
q¸dveTanxmi `daveTanxme~ q¸davTanxmebudi (q¸)dabTanxmebediko(n¸)
q¸Sebxvadi `Sevxvdi~ q¸Sebxvalamudi (q¸)Sebxvalamudko(n¸)
1. ma boloSa q¸dobsqiladedko Sayaruas¸n¸, albaT q¸Serxva-
dudi.
2. si ¹udeSa muS dros doirTinudukon, kinoSa midefSiT.
3. mus ¹udeSa SqviT saTis durTinudkon, qoZirundu ninos.
4. kino qudoWyafeduko zustas Cxoro saTis¸n¸, ved¸megviane-
budes ¹udeSa.
5. gakveTili gaTebedko viT saTis¸n¸, q¸mifSi konferenciaSa.
6. jgiri i¹idu, koncerti gagrZelebedko umos¸ met¸ xans¸n¸.
7. ma sqande guri qumobrTumudukon¸, iwk¸ma vairekundi.
8. oko q¸dobsqiladediko ruseTis xolo Jir maras, mara
saswrafo qaRardi mibRi do dibrTi saqorTuoSa.
9. mokod¸ vabSuladediko samuSas¸n¸, mara iSen(iT) dobSurdi.
10. ginobWyvidi, domtyobinudko ¹udes¸n¸.
11. goRa oko memxvarebudko Cqim¸ ma¹aleSa, mara vamorT¸.
12. mokod¸ qomjinudko Tqvanda do arTo midam¸rTumudesko
kinoSan¸, mara kino iWyafudu bruos do demegvian¸.
13. mokod¸ q¸Serxvalamudiko goRan, mara vamarek¸.
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14. ma Sem¸lebudu q¸dobsqiladedko amerikas sum TuTas, mara
brel(i) saqme miRud¸ qarTis do aTeSen¸ dibrTi arTi
TuTaSa.
15. milamud¸ midabrTiko indoeTiSan¸, mara q¸gebgi, mangari
sinCxe renia zarxuls do vebdi.
16. Zalams mokod¸ q¸vordiko sqan¸ dabadebaS dRas¸n¸, mara
lexi vordi do vammarT¸.
17. si qomZirudikon¸, ma aucilebero qoiwindi//qoiwolendi
aTe SayaruaS¸ ambes.
18. ma q¸momxvarebudko TamaziSan¸, Tina ujguSo doWarundu
davalebas.
XXXIII.
IV seriis formebi qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT megruls moe-
poveba da Zalian gavrcelebulia. is emyareba awmyos formebs
da TurmeobiTia.
novWarueq – vwerdi Turme, noWarue – werda Turme
novxantueq – vxatavdi Turme, noxantue – xatavda Turme
nov¹orofueq – vuyvardi Turme, no¹orofue – uyvarda Turme
(dasavluri dialeqtebis mixedviT: nayvareba)
nolinue – midioda Turme (minavala _ dialeqturi forma)
1. goRa NTel dRas noWarue do amdRa Suladir(i) rdu.
2. besos aTe ZRafi no¹orofue do TiS gurSeni u¹vilu dudi.
3. ase qimebxvadi namda, vanobCqve ma Te koCi.
4. Te maxantali noSqeriT (naxSiri) noxantue iriaTo.
5. nTel sers nobiruena goRawo do xonari afu uliri, va-
Ciebine.
6. ma vavordikon gurami gino¹oTamue irfrels ¹udeSe.
7. si vardikoni Tea nolinue seriT afxanagefSa.
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338
339
megrul – qarTuli leqsikoni
(megrulis praqtikuli kursis mixedviT)
a
abarwa – aivani anwi – awi
adras//ardas – adre aprili – aprili
adrezi (адресс) – misamarTi araba – uremi
aTena – es arguso – agvisto
(a)TeSeni – (a)mitom arTi – erTi
aTeS gurSeni – amis gulisTvis, arTo – erTad
amis gamo, amitom ariki – zRapari, araki
akarTus – SesayarSi artaJi (этаж)//sarTuli –sarTuli
akoserils//akoserels – artaJiani – sarTuliani
Sebindebisas ase – axla
akoSayarua – Segroveba, Tavmoyra aserde – axlaxan
aliCa – aluCa atama – atami
amar//amari – ager atamanka – divani
amar-emeri _ aqa-iq aucilebero – aucileblad
amdRa – dRes aqile _ cota aqeT
amdRari – dRevandeli aSalafa – SuaSi Cavardna
amSvi – eqvsi aSo – aqeT
amSoSi –eqvsasi axali – axali, axalgazrda
anTasi – aTasi axalwana – axali weli
antkeci – ankesi
b
baba – mama bia – komSi, bia
babu – babua bira – (si)mRera
barTvi – buCqi biZia – biZa
baRana – bavSvi biZisk/qua – biZaSvili
baRanami – bavSviani bkiTxulendi – vkiTxulobdi
bebi – bebia bkiTxulenq – vkiTxulob
340
bla¹afendiT – vTamaSobdiT breli – bevri
bonua _ dabana bruo – rva
boria – qari bruoSi – rvaasi
boro – suleli, Steri bSu/¸ _ maxsovs
borji – dro bSqirens – mSia
boSi – biWi bcxovrendi – vcxovrobdi
buli – bali bcxovrenq – vcxovrob
bJa – 1. mze; 2. rZe bWarundi – vwerdi
bJadaalu/¸ _ dasavleTi bWarunq – vwer
bJaiolu/¸ _ aRmosavleTi b/pWofunT – viWerT
bJaiols – aRmosavleTiT
g
gaTxili//gaTxiri – gaTxovili gerTumala – daxurva (Tavze)
gale – gareT gerina _ dgoma
gamarjeba! – gamarjoba! geRani – zeg
gamorseba – gasinjva geRanSo(T) _ zegisTvis
gaqTi¹onu – gamoiyvana qvemodan geSvi(T)!//Svi(T)! – dalie(T)//
gaWireba – gaWirveba svi(T)!
gaWu – gtkiva geSurq//geSulu/¸ _ aval
gaWirebuli – gaWirvebuli, geZu//¸ _ devs
sawyali gexari! – gaixare!
gaxoles _ geaxlnen gexuna – (da)jdoma(raRacaze zed)
gebunafa – dabneva (saaTis) gvalo – Zalian, mTlianad, sul
gegmafrTi – Cavedi gverdi – naxevari
gegmofrTi – gamovedi gvians – gvian
gegmulu//gegmurq – gaval gia¹unes – gauyvnen
gegnilases – gadairivnen gilard¸ – idga(quCaSi)
gegniSqiorudu – gadaiqrolebda
gilafrTi – davdiodi //viare
gedirTi(T) – adeqi(T)!
gilulu//g¸lourq//gilurq –
gezoji(T)! – abrZandi(T)!
davdivar
geTu – damTavrda, dasrulda
gime _ qveviT
gemnofrTi – Semovedi
gimeblenq//gimurq – Camoval
gemuani – gemrieli
gimebli _ Camovedi
gergoba TuTa – giorgobis Tve
gimeli! – Cadi!
(noemberi)
341
gimibli – gavedi glaxa – cudi
gimorTu – maxuravs glaxaT/s – cudad, (glaxaT
gimulu//g¸mulu//gimurq// voreq – cudad var)
g¸mourq – Cavdivar gobrCqinduq – gavCndebi
ginarTus – gadasaxvevSi goTana – ganTiadi
gini//geni – xbo goTanaSa(x) _ gaTenebamde
giniblenq – gadaval goTxozini – Semorbena, garSemo
ginili! – gadadi! Semovla
giniWvemuana – wvimis gadaRebas goTxozudu – uvlida garSemo,
elodebian Semourbenda
ginmulu//ginmurq//g¸nourq// gomorZgvili – gamarjvebuli
gorua – Zebna, moZebna
ginulu – gadavdivar
goteba – gaSveba
(raRacaze)
gofaCes – gaSales
ginoslongiri – gadaSlili,
goRa – guSin
gaSlili
goRaneri – guSindeli
ginofrTi – gadavedi
goRawo//goRawox – guSinwin
ginofurinundes –
goRawo(xo)neri – guSinwindeli
gadafrindebodnen
gowos – SarSan
ginZas – grZlad
guleba – seirnoba
ginZe//girZe//g¸nZe//g¸rZe –grZeli
gurafa – swavla
gioxvenji – sajdomi
guri – guli
giSals – gasasvlelSi
gurmuliri – gulmosuli,
giSmeWvitinandu – iWvriteboda
gabrazebuli
giSmulu//giSurq//g¸Sourq – gutu – gauSva
gamovdivar g¸Toxuna – raRacis qveS dajdoma
giSuliri – gazafxuli
g¸ma TuTa – oqtomberi
gicaduq – darCebi, daelodebi
gixvaduno – gixdeba (giwevs g¸moWyordu/¸ – damaviwyda
wasvla) g¸mulu//g¸murq – Caval
d
dabadebaS dRa – dabadebis dRe dapeiJeba – dapatiJeba
dadi – bebia dasuro – marTlac
dadiaS _ dadianis dasqua//daskua – disSvili
damorCili – Semodgoma daxunali – dasajdomi
342
dgu//¸ _ dgas donjira – dawola
debabdi – davibade dorTeli//dorTineli –
dei – deida dabrunebuli
deidask/qua – deidaSvili dorTina – dabruneba
diamuSi – dedamisi dosqiladiri – darCenili
dianTili – dedamTili, sidedri doute//dute – dautove
diara – qorwili, sufra,“Zoveba” doRuru – gardaicvala, mokvda
diask/qani – dedaSeni doWari(T)!//Wari(T)! _ dawere(T)!
diaCqimi – dedaCemi //were(T)!
dida – deda doxanti(T)//xanti(T)! – daxate(T)
dida do muma – ded-mama (deda //xate(T)!
da mama) doxTuri – eqimi
dike – Tavqve doxuna – dajdoma
dinaxale – SigniT dudi – Tavi
dio – jer, jer kidev duqani – maRazia
dirTes – dabrundnen du¹i – idayvi
disqilidue – moirCino dRa – dRe
diSqa – SeSa dRasanwali – dResaswauli
dixa – miwa dRas//dRars//dRas vari – arasdros
do – da (kavS.) dRaxu – dasvenebis
doburili – daburuli (gamosasvleli) dRe
dogores – moZebnes d¸megvianu/¸ – damagvianda
(do)gurafa – swavleba
doloSferi – mwvane, mdelosferi
e
edgina – adgoma el¸ - mol¸ _ aremare, Semoga-
eTina – eg, is reni
eiodginali – asadgomi emeri – eger
ekenia – seqtemberi ena – es
eki – a(mo)Rma efi – iafi
eko¹una – ukan gayola eqi-eqi – aqa-iq
eko¹undu – ukan mihyveboda eSafrTi – avedi
elaxaTrebuli – SezarxoSebuli,
SexaTrebuli
elaxi _ aRmosavleTi eSa-gime//eki-diki – zeviT-qveviT
343
// aRma-daRma eCdoviTi _ ocdaaTi
eSeblenq//eSurq – amoval eCdooTxi _ ocdaoTxi
eSebli//iSebli _ amovedi eCdoJiri – ocdaori
eSeli! – adi! eCdosumi – ocdasami
eSmulu//eSmurq//eSmourq _ avdivar eCdoSqviTi – ocdaSvidi
eCdoamSvi _ ocdaeqvsi eCdoCxoro _ ocdacxra
eCdoarTi – ocdaerTi eCdoxuTi _ ocdaxuTi
eCdobruo – ocdarva eCi – oci
eCdoviTaarTi _ ocdaTerTmeti
v
va(r) – ar(uaryofiTi nawilaki) veda(T)! – ar waxvide(T)!
vabSu/¸ -ar maxsovs velospeti – velosipedi
vabCodu – ar mcalia veluq – velodebi
vagTorTumudu – ver gamosuliyo veSemlebu – ar SemiZlia
vavorwyeq – ver vxedav viTaamSvi _ Teqvsmeti
vakeTendi – vakeTebdi viTaanTxi _ ToTxmeti
vakeTenq – vakeTeb viTaarTi _ TerTmeti
vammaWiSe – ver movaswreb viTi – aTi
vamnorTa(T)! – ar Semoxvide(T)! viTobruo – Tvrameti
vamorTa(T)! – ar moxvide(T)! viToJiri – Tormeti
vara – an viTosumi – cameti
vardi – yvavili, vardi viToSqviTi – Cvidmeti
vardiSferi – vardisferi viToCxoro _ cxrameti
varT... varT – arc…... arc viToxuTi – TxuTmeti
varT feri – arc iseTi vilka _ Cangali
vari – 1. ara (uaryofiTi voreq – var (zmna I piri, mx.r.)
nawilaki); 2. uari vorTudi – vSvrebodi
vaujgudu – ar sjobda vorTuq – vSvrebi
vegmorTa(T)! – ar gaxvide(T)!
344
z
zarxuli – zafxuli zojundaT _ brZandebodeT
zesk/qvi – SaSvi zugidari _ zugdideli
zityva – sityva zugiduri – zugdideli,
zoTonji – zamTari zugdiduri
zojini//zojua – brZaneba
T
Tavisufali – Tavisufali Tolekirili – Tvalaxveuli
Tavisufalo – Tavisuflad Toli – Tvali
TavreSe – aqedan Toliereba – daTvaliereba
TaSi – ase Tu – goWi
TaxaSxa – samSabaTi Tudo – qveS, qvemoT
TaxaSxas – samSabaTs Tudole – qvemoTken
TevreSe – iqidan TudoSe – qvemodan
TeiSa(x)//TiSax//TiSa//TeiSa – TuTa – Tve. arT TuTaSa//arT
manamde TuTas// arTi TuTaSoT –
Teli – mTeli erT TveSi
Tel dRas – mTeli dRe TuTaSxa – orSabaTi
Tel sers – mTeli Rame TuTaSxas _ orSabaTs
Tena – es Tuma – Tma
TeSi _ ise Tuns _ Tovs
TiTxu//TxiTxu _ Txeli Tqva – Tqven
Tina – is Tqvani – Tqveni
Tinas – sworad, gamarTulad Tqvano(T) – TqvenTvis
Tini//Tinu – swori, gamarTuli TxiTxu – Txeli
Tiri – Tovli Txiri – Txili
Tiwkuma//Tiwk¸ma – maSin, masTan Txoru – marxia
345
i
iaia – ia inmurq//inourq – Cavdivar siRrmeSi
ianari – ianvari inwro _ viwro
iaSferi – iisferi inWa – Wa
iax – diax inWiria – anwli
ibdaT! – wavideT! iolas – iolad
ibdi – wavedi (idi – waxvedi, ioli _ ioli
idu – wavida) irdRas – yoveldRe
ibCiaT! – vilaparakoT! iriaTo//iro – yovelTvis
ibCiebudi – vlaparakobdi, irnero – yvelanairad
vsaubrobdi irfeli//ifreli – yvelaferi
ibCiebuq – vlaparakob, vsaubrob ifrTuq – vbrundebi
ivanoba – ivnisi (v)iqile – cota iqiT
ina – is iSo //Tevre – iqiT
k
kaTa – xalxi kiTxiri – kiTxva(b/pkiTxulenq-
kaklaroni – eklnari vkiTxulob, kiTxulenq
kalia//kalio – ekala kiTxulob, kiTxulens-
kambeC/Si – kameCi kiTxulobs)
kankaleSa _ zogjer kiribi – batkani
kapusta – kombosto kiseri – kiseri, yeli
karakuCxa – enZela kob/peSia – kvaxi
kariCni – yavisferi(rus.) kobu – mkvaxe
katu – kata kokobe – kakabi
keTeba – (ga)keTeba koto – qoTani
kvaTara – tyis qaTami koCi – kaci
kvaria – yvavi kraoti – sawoli
kvarCxanSe – marcxniv kuTafi – kvnesa
kvata – ixvi kunTxus – kuTxeSi
kvirkve – ivlisi kunta – mokle
kibiri – kbili kuntas – mokled
ki/¸diri – mkerdi kuCxi – fexi
kizi _ kovzi k¸ni – isev
kiTi – TiTi k¸nt¸ri – kitri
346
l
lakada – goraki lexi – avadmyofi (lexi voreq
lakvi – lekvi – avad var)
larWemi – lerwami likvi – muSti
la¹afi – TamaSi (zmna) luRi – leRvi
laxala//laxara _ avadmyofoba l¸ma – omi, Cxubi
lebia – lobio
m
ma – me (piris nacvalsaxeli) maWarali – mwerali, damweri
makindoli _ oxraxuSi maWirxoli//marWixoli –
malas – male mercxali
malaRuri – molaRuri (Citis maxantali – mxatvari
saxeoba) manja – maja
mangari – magari megvianebu/¸ _ magviandeba
mangas – sworad, tolad, melaxi – dasavleTi
pirdapir mele _ gaRma
mangi – swori, toli, pirdapiri memxvamu – momilocavs
mango – gaswvriv menZeli – maspinZeli
mara – 1. kvira (msgefsi); merTi! – midi!
2. magram (kavS.) meu! – wadi!
mardu – mozardi meula – midian
marTali – simarTle, marTali meuliri – misuli
markateli – makrateli ma meulu/¸//me(v)urq – me mivdivar
marti – marti si meulu/¸//meurq _ Sen midixar
marZgvanSe – marjvniv
me(v)urT – mivdivarT
marwveni – mawoni
meurs – midis
mafu – maqvs (meSveli zmna; mag:
mesi//meesi – maisi
kaba jgiro mafu – kaba
meti – meti
kargad maqvs).
metiS meti – metismeti
mafSalia – bulbuli
meCama – micema
ma¹ale – megobari meZobeli – mezobeli
maSna – manqana mi(n)? – vin?
mianWuafdes – miiCqarodnen, mole – gamoRma
mieCqarebodaT molulu//molurq – moval,
mibsvanjiT – davisveneT wamoval
migaxvama – gilocav monka _ mZime
midarTan! – wavidnen! monWa – mwife
midafrTi – wavedi morTi! – modi!
(mida)Rala – waReba mosaWiru _ mWirdeba
mida¹onafa – wayvana mosvanjeba//mosvanjafa//mosvanja
midga _ viRaca //moSvandafa//moSvanda –
midulu/¸ //midurq _ waval dasveneba, mosveneba
miTili! – Sedi! (qveS) moula _ mosvla
miTmuli//miTmurq//m¸Tourq – moulu//mourq – me movdivar
mowoneba – mowoneba (ma mob/
Sevdivar raRacis qveS
pwons, si morwons,
miTnoxvedes – SigniT isxdnen
mus mowons)
Turme
moWkadili – moWedili
miToCandu – raRacis qveS iz-
rdeboda, xarobda moWyordu/¸ – maviwydeba
mikajini(T)! – Sexede(T)! moxvara – daxmareba, mixmareba
miki-miki//muki-muki – irgvliv, mu – ra?
garSemo mu – is (III piris nacv.)
milamu – vapireb mu ambe re – ra ambavia
minmulu//minmurq//m¸nourq – Sev- muanTeli//muanTili – mamamTili,
simamri
divar (oTaxSi)
muask/qani – mamaSeni
minofrTi _ Sevedi
muda – ramdeni (kiTx. nacv)
minSa _ zogjer
muzma – ramdeni
miRu(n) – maqvs(zm. I piri, mx. r.)
muTa uWirs _ araferi uWirs
mi¹ors – miyvars
muTuni vauWirs – araferi ar
miSi – visi (kiTx. nacv.)
uWirs
miSmulu//miSmurq//m¸Sourq – muTuni – araferi
Sevdivar (SuaSi) mukmoquns – macvia
miCqudu – vicodi mukoquna – Cacma
miCqu(n) – vici muma – mama
miwis//miwues – miTxres mumalu – momavali (mumalu
mozojiT! – mobrZandiT! wanas – momaval wels)
moTa – SviliSvili mumuli – mamali
mointeresu/¸ _ mainteresebs munaula – mosuli, namyofi
moko(n) – minda muneri – ranairi
molafrTi – wamovedi munefi – isini (III piris nacv.)
348
munefiSi – maTi muSeba – muSaoba
munefSo(T) – maTTvis// muSendes _ muSaobdnen
TavianTTvis muSeni – ratom
munulu//munurq//munmurq//m¸no- muSeni iSqidanq! – ratom
urq – Semovdivar (oTaxSi) kadrulob!, rogor gekadreba!
muJami//muJams – rodis muSi//muS – risi(kiTx. nacv.)
muricxi – varskvlavi muSi//TiSi – misi
murs – mova muSo(T) – misTvis
muryani – Txemla muWo? – rogor?
muSa – ramdenad (mag: muSa re muWomi? – rogori? (kiTx. nacv.)
Te uSquri _ ramdenad mwvane//nwvane//rwvane – mwvane
aris es vaSli?) m¸gaxvama! – gilocav!
muSals – SemosasvlelSi (qalaqis)
n
nabetani – nametani, Zalian nacia – eri, erovneba
nana – deda, (nana! – Svilo!) naxanta – naxati
nandvilas//nandvilo//namdvilo – neba va re –neba(darTuli)ar aris
namdvilad nelas – nela
namT(¸)ine _ zogierTi neli – neli
namTineSa(x) – zogjer nemeci (немец) – germaneli
namTini – aravin, arcerTi nemecuri//lemencuri _ germanuli
namu? – romeli? neZi – nigozi
namuT – romelic nTxorua – Txra
namusuT//namus¸T – romelsac nina – ena
naondReri – naSuadRevi nolinue – midioda Turme,
naondRerSa(x) _ naSuadRevamde (minavala - dialeqturi forma)
naondRerSe – naSuadRevidan no¹orofue – uyvarda Turme
naquri – nakvalevi, nafexuri, noWarue – werda Turme
naquslevi noxantue – xatavda Turme
naSqaseriSe – naSuaRamevidan nware _ mware
349
o
obinexe – venaxi ortvini – bostani
obire//obireSi – simRera oserSo/e – vaxSami
obiSxa – paraskevi osurami – coliani
obiSxas – paraskevs osuri – qali, coli
obonSa – dasabanad osurkoCi – dedakaci
oginZaSeT – grZivad, sigrZisad osurkaTa – dedakacebi//qalebi
ogulebSa – saseirnod osursqua – qaliSvili
odinafus – dasakargavSi oSi – asi
oze – ezo oSineri – asgvari, bevri saxeoba,
oTolierebSa – dasaTvaliereblad bevrnairi
oTxi – oTxi oSk/qari – SuaTana
oTxoneCdoviTi – oTxmocdaaTi oSqaSeT – SuaSi
oTxoneCi – oTxmoci oSumali – sasmeli
oTxoSi – oTxasi oCaie – Cais plantacia
oko – unda oCxomu – Tevzaoba
ola¹afinia – saTamaSo ocaduna – cdiloben
ombale – ombalo oZirafuSa – sanaxavad
ondeT – Zlivs, sustad oWanafali – dasabarebeli,
ondRe – SuadRe dasaZaxebeli
ondRes – SuadRes, SuadReze oWkomali – saWmeli
ondReSa(x) – SuadRemde oWkomi(T)//Wkomi(T)! –
ondReSe – SuadRidan SeWame(T)//Wame(T)!
onjua – saRamo oWkomSa – saWmelad
onjuaSe – saRamodan oWmare – dila
onjuas – saRamos oWmares – dilas
onjuaSa(x) – saRamomde oWmareSa(x) _ dilamde
ordo – dila oWmareSe – dilidan
ordoSe – dilidan oxvame – samlocvelo, eklesia
orinji – saqoneli oxvarunia – exmarebao, Sveliso
orkoli – doqi, sura oxolask/qiri – muli, mazli
oro – Crdili, Cero oxujuna – awyobT
350
p
pateni//patina – batoni, batono! proli – iataki
paton-Wkorala – batonymoba p¹umens – mwyuria
pero – kalami puns – myavs
piva – ludi puraskia – prasi
piji – piri
priveli – pirveli
J
JarneCi – ormoci Jimole – zeviTken
JarneCdoviTi _ ormocdaaTi Jiri – ori
JaSxa//JeSxa – kvira JiroSi – orasi
JaSxas//JeSxas – kviras JiSe – zevidan
Ji – zeviT, zemoT
r
ragadi – laparaki,saubari req – xar
rgili – grili, civi rCinu – moxuci, xnieri
re – aris rCqila _ smena
reT – xarT rCqina – (gamo)Cena
rekua – darekva Cqvena – codna (ma miCqu – me
rena _ arian vici)
s
sabatoni – SabaTi saTi – saaTi
sabatons – SabaTs sakakalo – sauzme
sabzadis _ samzareulo samargalo – samegrelo
sadili – sadili samuSa – samsaxuri, samuSao
351
saukuno – saukune sona – niaxuri
saraloT – sabraloT soni _ sadauri
sasafula – sasaflao sofelari _ sofleli
saqvarenq _ saqmianob sofeluri – 1. sofleli,
saqorTuo – saqarTvelo 2. sofluri
sekundi – wami stoli – magida
seri – Rame suleli – suleli
seriSe _ Ramidan suneli _ suleli
si _ Sen (II piris nacv.) s(t)umari _ stumari
sinCxe – sicxe, (sinCxe re – sumi – sami
sicxea, sinCxe mafu – mcxela, sumka – CanTa
sinCxe miRu – sicxe maqvs) sumoneCdoviTi _ samocdaaTi
sirgile _ sigrile sumoneCi – samoci
sitiba _ siTbo sumoSi _ samasi
skami- skami sumxolo – samive
ska – futkari sq/kani – Seni
sk/qvami – lamazi sqano(T) – SenTvis
sk/qvamas – lamazad sqilada – morCena
sk/qua _ Svili sqeli – sqeli
so//sode – sad (kiTx. zmnizeda) sworas _ sworad
sodgareni – sadRac swori _ swori
sovreSe//sovre _ saidan sxuli _ msxali
soiSa – saiT, saiTken, sanamde
t
tarozi – dari tya – tye
tibu – Tbili tyobini//tyobinafa – damalva,
toronji – mtredi malva
tuta – nacari tyura – tyuili
tutaSferi – nacrisferi
352
u
uguTxu _ gauTxovari usqvamaSi – ulamazesi
ukaxale _ ukan usq/kvamuri – uSno(ulamazo)
uklaSi//ukulaSi – umcrosi uf¸raSi – uaresi
ukuli – mere, Semdeg uRuraleT//uRuralo _
ula – wasvla usikvdilod
ulamu – apirebs uSquri – vaSli
ulamudu _ apirebda uCa _ Savi
uliri – gasuli (uliri wanas uCiteli – maswavlebeli
– gasul wels) uxujana – awyobT
umosi – meti, ufro ujgudu – sjobda
umosSa – ufro metad ujguSi – ukeTesi
unCaSi – ufrosi
urku – aklia
f
fania – ojaxi, col-Svili, foxalefi//fuxalefi – koka,
jalabi wylis didi WurWeli
faCua – gaSla (24-litriani)
ferdi – ferdobi frevali – Tebervali
fifqrenq – vfiqrob fsqeli _ sqeli
foTq(v)i – leliani, jile furi _ cudi
q
qarTi – Tbilisi qidigure(T)! – iswavle(T)
qasqidu – SerCa, SemorCa qila¹afi(T)! – iTamaSe(T)!
qacari – Tikani, cikani qimefrTi – mivedi
qeqe – mCate, msubuqi qiminua – keTeba
qvara – muceli qimiojRiandu – miajRavlebda
qvrii – qvrivi qimulu/¸//qimurq – mival
qianaSi – uamravi, bevri qimuSe(T)! – imuSave(T)!
(“qveynis”) qiri – qori
qigegones – gaigones
353
qirse TuTa – dekemberi qubires _ umReres
qi¹ana _ qveyana quTeSuri – quTaiseli
qiSilebenda//qoSilebenda – quri – qusli
Tu SeiZleba qurCqili(T)//urCqili(T)! –
qobali – puri mousmine(T)//usmine(T)!
qoT _ kidevac qufaludu – gafurCqnuliyo
qoTomi – qaTami qujini(T)!//ujini(T)! – uyure(T)!
qomirCqili(T)//mirCqili(T)! – q¸dagure(T)! – aswavle(T)!
momismine(T)// mismine(T)! q¸dinjiri(T)! – daweqi(T)!
qomoli – kaci q¸dodoxodi(T)! – dajeqi//
qomolkaTa _ mamakacebi dasxediT!
qomolkoCi – mamakaci q¸dozoji(T)! – dabrZandi(T)!
qomolsk/qua _ vaJiSvili
q¸merTi! – midi!
qomonji – qmari
qoragade(T)! – ilaparake(T)! q¸mkmojini(T)! – Semomxede(T)!
qorTu – qarTveli q¸mofrTi _ movedi
qorTuli – qarTuli q¸morTi! – modi!
qorTulo – qarTulad q¸moulu//q¸murq – wamoval
qorTxinq _ gTxov q¸moZiriT! – maCveneT!
qoZiri (T)//Ziri(T)! – naxe(T)!
R
Rala – waReba RviniSferi – Rvinisferi
RaWaWia – kiborCxala Riru – Rirs
Reji – Rori RorRonji – bati
Rvanwki – Rawvi, loya Rureli – mkvdari
Rvini – Rvino RurWuli – WikWiki
y
yama – xanjali
yvinTeli//¹vinTeli - yviTeli
354
¹
¹a – toti ¹ofili _ namyofi
¹vana – yana ¹ude – saxli
¹vali – yveli ¹umuri//¹omuri – tyemal
¹viliri _ mokluli ¹unafa//¹onafa _ wayvana
¹idiri _ yidva ¹uji – yuri
¹ini – civi, gayinuli ¹ujiSjins – yurisZirSi
¹orofa – siyvaruli(ma mi¹ors,
si gi¹ors, mus u¹ors)
S
Sanqari – Saqari Suladiri – daRlili
Sanqarami – Saqriani Suma – sma
Seilebu – SegiZlia Surbunuo//Surubunuo –
Semlebu – SemiZlia sulganabuli
Seulebu – SeuZlia Suro – saerTod, sul,
Sexvalama – Sexvedra sruliad
Silebe – SeiZleba Sqagurs – SuaSi, SuagulSi
Sinka – nesvi Sqa kiTi _ Sua TiTi
Sioxvamilafaro//SioxvalamSa – Sqaseri – SuaRame
Sesaxvedrad SqaseriSe – SuaRamidan
Skafi (rus.) – karada Sqirena – SimSili (Sqireni
Sk/qviTi – Svidi mafu – mSia)
Sk/qviToSi – Svidasi SxvadoSxva – sxvadasxva
Sone//SoneTi – svaneTi Sxu – msxvili
Soni – svani Sxuri – cxvari
Soferi – mZRoli
355
C
Can(C)kiTi – ceri Cqimo(T) – CemTvis
Cans – dargulia, xarobs Cqini – Cveni
Ce – TeTri Cqinobura _ Cveneburi
Cieba – laparaki, saubari Cqino(T) – CvenTvis
Cili – coli Cxana – sicxe, mze
Cili do squa – col-Svili Cxe – cxeli
Cildosquami – colSviliani Cxvindi – cxviri
Cili do qomonji – col-qmari Cxomi – Tevzi
Cineba – cnoba (ibCinenq - vicnob, CxonCxi – RviZli
iCinenq - icnob, iCinens Cxoria – sxivi(mzis)
- icnobs) Cxoro – cxra
Cupa – Wipi CxoroSi – cxraasi
Cqaras – Cqara Cxou – Zroxa
Cqari – Cqari Cxuru – sicive(Cxuru mafu –
Cqi//Cq¸ _ Cven mciva, Cxuru re – sicivea)
Cqimi – Cemi
c
caSferi – cisferi (monWireli cira – gogo
caSferi – muqi lurji) cximuri – rcxila
caSxa – xuTSabaTi cxo(v)reba – sicocxle, cxovreba
caSxas _ xuTSabaTs cxovrenq – cxovrob
cim¹va//cimua _ marwyvi cxovrens – cxovrobs
cindali _ knuti
Z
Zaami – Zalian Zgas – gverdiT, kideSi
Zalieri – Zlieri Zgvitafa – Cxvleta
Zga – kide, gverdiT Zviri – Zviri
356
Zirafa – naxva(vorwyeq – vxedav, Zneli – Zneli
orwyeq – xedav, orwye – Zu – devs, aris
xedavs) ZRabi – gogo
Znelas – Znelad
w
wana _ weli wirwanas – wlevandel wels,
ware – mware wels
wari – warbi wifuri – wifeli
warmowana – weli wiwila – wiwili
wenwyari – Wanis wyali (mdinare) wka – kurka
wvaneri//wvaneli _ fxali woxole – win, winaT
wi//¸ _ wels wunTi – wuTi
wingi – wigni wyari – wyali
wiri//w¸ri – wlevandeli wyarpiji – wylispiri, napiri
W
Wanafa – dabareba, daZaxeba, Wkveri – Wkviani
mowveva Wkidi _ Wadi
Wanafili – dabarebuli, Wkomua//Wkumua – Wama
mowveuli Wofua – daWera
Wandari – Wadari Wua – tkivili
Warua – wera (ma b/pWarunq – Wuala – dawva, Sewva (dobWviT
vwer, si Warunq – wer, – davwviT, SevwviT)
mu Waruns - wers) Wumani//Wume – xval
WerWe – Wreli Wumaneri//Wumeneri – xvalindeli
Wve – Wvavi WumeSgeRani – maszeg
Wvens – wvims WumeSo(T) – xvalisTvis
WiTa – wiTeli WuWele/i – WinWari
Wirqa – Wiqa WyiSi – mwyemsi
Wife – viwro, wvrili Wyolofua – wyaloba
WiWe – patara, cota Wyoni – muxa
WiWe-WiWe – cot-cota Wyori – mwyeri
WiWe xani – cota xani
357
x
xaburzaki – sazamTro xvarxvi – xaxvi
xamu – dana xvimra – xurma
xandara – avdari xolo – kidev
xantua – xatva xolo-xolos – axlo-axlos
xara – Cafi (xaraTia–CafiTao) xolos – axlos
xasla – gverdi xonari – xma
xaslas – gverdiT xoji – xari
xe – xeli xuToSi – xuTasi
xeloba – profesia xSiras//bSxiras//fSxiras _xSirad
j
ja – xe jimasqua – ZmisSvili
jamkakali – TuTa jimu – marili
jaralua – jarianoba, TavSeyra jimuami – mariliani
(Zveli dResaswauli) jina – yureba, lodini
jgiri – kargi jinji _ Ziri
jgiro – kargad joRori – ZaRli
jveSi – Zveli jumaSxa – oTxSabaTi
jveSo – Zvelad jumaSxas – oTxSabaTs
jima – Zma jRari//JRari – JRali
h
hamo – tkbili
358
sakiTxavi teqstebi
dialogebi:
* * *
_ gamarjoba sqani jgiri, jima!

_ RoronTq gogimorZgvas, Cqimi patoni!
_ aTe sofers mu joxo?
_ senaki.
_ muda versi re Taure zugidiSa?
_ JarneCidoarTi.
_ muTi Silebe zugidiSa ula?
_ cxeniT, mara ujguSi re faitoniTi varda dereJaniTi.
_ mu Riru TeSaxi?
_ dereJaniTi midazoju┌n┐Ti da, aRiruafu arTi manaTi,
faitoniTi Jiri.
_ muWomi mosavali ┌o┐rdu wi Taqine?
_ gvariani, patoni, xolo WiWeT yurZeni domiWves dio-
de Cxuruqu do ukuli sinCxeq┌i┐.
_ Tqvaniure muWomi mosavali rdu? ragadana, yurZens
wi jgiri piji uRudua.
_ namdvili re. Rvinqi brelq i¹uu, mara Wkidiq (Wkid-
qi) misustes. ma TiSen molavrTi simidi oko ipidee (qo-
mi¹idiruduko). ase mis¸ Sevxvaduqu ni, arZas vkiTxurenq, so
uefaSo gimiCamumaqi simidi, do arZaq zugidiSa mimowuru.
Tqva mus ityuTi?
_ marTali uTqualna. zugidis┌i┐ Tqva qemerTiT┌i┐
uCardiaSa do CqimiSeni quuwiiT: Tiqi molmoCqu-So, do Tina
irfels qemgexvarebu.
_ didi madlobeli voreq.
_ muSeni iSqidanq, sqani Wiri!
_ ve devgvianenq, Te wuTis mid┌v┐urqi. mSvidobiT zo-
┌ ┐
ju n daTi, patoni!
359
* * *
_ gamarjoba (gomorZgua) sqani jgiri, jima!
_ RoronTq gogimorZgu (gogimorZgvas) Cqimi pateni
(pat¸ni).
_ Te sofelç mu joxo?
_ senaki.
_ muz¸ma versi re Ta┌¹┐ureSe (Taure) zugidiSa?
_ JarneCidoarTi.
_ muT¸ Siilebe zugidiSa ula?
_ faitoniT¸, varda dereJaniT¸.
_ mu R¸r¸ TeiSax¸?
_ faitoniT¸ midazoj¸nT¸ da aR¸ruafu Jiri manaTi, de-
reJaniT¸ arTi.
_ muWomi m¸nawii ┌o┐rd¸ w¸ Taq¸?
_ gvariani, pateni, xolo WiWeT ¹urZeni moWu dio Cxu-
ruq¸ do ukuli sinCxeq¸.
_ Tqvani¹ure┌Se┐muWomi m¸nawii rd¸? ragadana, ¹urZens
w¸ jg¸ri piji uRudua.
_ nanduli re. Rvinq¸ brelq morT¸, mara Wk¸diq WiWeq
i¹uu (narkebo i¹uu, misustes). ma Taqi TiSeni mofrTi lazu-
ti (laiti, lati) qomi¹idir¸d¸ko ni. ase mis¸Ti, va reno,
Sevxvad¸q¸ ni, arZas bkiTxurenq, so umosi efas g¸miCamu-maq¸
lazuti, arZaq zugidiSa mowuruu. Tqva mus ityuT¸?
_ marTali uTqualna (uragaduna). zugiç Tqva qimer-
TiT¸ uCardiaSa do CqimiSeni quuwiiT: Tiq¸ molmoCqu-So
(mumoCqu-So), do Tina irifelç (irifelis) q¸m¸gexvarebuna.
_ didi mardobeli voreq.
_ muSeni iSqadanT, Tqvani Wiri!
_ ve debgvianua┌nq┐. ase xolo mid┌v┐urq¸. SvidebiT
zoj¸ndaT¸, pateni!
360
zRaprebi:
I
sqvami Cxomi
rd¸ arTi rCin koCi. Tis ¹und¸ arTi squa meCxome. ar-
TiSax meCxomeq midarT¸ CxomiSi oWofuSa; gilarT¸ breli,
mara Cxomq vaaWofu. bolos oWofu arTi WiWe, mara Zalami
sqvami Cxomi. meCxomes Seecod¸ e Cxomq do qidnaxunu wyars
koni. ¹udeSa wumorT¸ni, mumaq kiTx¸:
_ Cxomi vagiWofuniavo? squaq uwu:
_ arT Cxomi ofWofi, mara Zalami sqvami rd¸, Semecod¸
do koni guteva.
mumaq golax¸ squa do gegna¹oT ¹uduSe do uwu:
_ muSeni mi¹oTi RoronTiSi Wyolofua?
meCxomeq midarT¸. Saras qauxvad¸ xaraziq¸ do ides, mi-
darTes woro. enefs qauxvad¸ mewamaleq. meCxomeq, xaraziq do
mewamaleq deemojgires arTians¸ do piji qimeCes arTi-maJi-
ras, muTi iSuani muSmuSi xeluaT¸ni, arTi-maJirawk¸ma SqaSa
giirTani.
aTe dros arTi mafas ¹und¸ osurisqua lexi. mafaq bre-
li ecad¸, mara squaSa muTaq maaxvarin¸. ukulineSe mafaq ga-
macxad¸: `miT daasqiliduans Cqimi osurisquas¸ni, Tis Cqimi
osurisquas Cilo qekuxunuanq~.
mewamaleq midarT¸ mafaSi squaSi owamaluSa. muJansiT
qumorTu mafaSani, mewamaleq golasiru lekuri, lexis dus
qigiodiruT¸, xes lekuri ukinebuduni do TeSi Tqu: `gverSa-
pi, ma gizoj¸nq lexis deTxue, vara dus merkvaT¸nq~.
gverSapiq eSeel¸ lexiSi qvaraSe do gimil¸ gale. mafa-
Si osurisquaq dosqid¸ do mafaq qimeÇ Tina mewamales Cilo.
mewamaleq mole¹on¸ Cili do diiSayares sumixilo Tabunenq.
361
girTes, muTi naSibi uRudes¸ni. mewamaleq muSi Cili do mu-
qiT qoxvad¸ni, irifeli meCxomes qimeÇ do uwu:
_ Cxomi, namuTi Siicode do gäteni, ma vordi.
muq aTena qoTqu do uZirafuo gorT¸.
lamazi Tevzi
iyo erTi moxuci kaci. mas hyavda erTi Svili, meTevze.

erTxel meTevze wavida Tevzis dasaWerad. iara bevri, magram
Tevzi ver daiWira. bolos daiWira erTi patara, magram Za-
lian lamazi Tevzi. meTevzes Seecoda es Tevzi da CauSva
isev wyalSi. saxlSi rom movida, mamam hkiTxa:
_ Tevzi ar dagiWeriao? _ Svilma uTxra:
_ erTi Tevzi daviWire, magram Zalian lamazi iyo, Seme-
coda da isev gavuSvi.
mamam galaxa Svili da gaagdo saxlidan da uTxra:
_ ratom dakarge RmerTis wyaloba?
meTevze wavida. gzaze Sexvda xarazi da iares, erTad
wavidnen. amaT Semoxvda mewamle. meTevze, xarazi da mewamle
daumegobrdnen erTmaneTs da sityva (`piri~) misces erTma-
neTs, rac ki iSovon TavTavianTi (`TavTavisi~) xelobiT, er-
TmaneTTan Suaze gaiyon.
am dros erT mefes hyavda qaliSvili avad. mefe bevrs
ecada, magram Svils veraferi uSvela (`moexmara~). Semdeg
mefem gamoacxada: `vinc moarCens Cems qaliSvils, mas Cemi qa-
liSvils colad davusvam~.
mewamle wavida mefis Svilis samkurnalod (`sawam-
lod~). roca movida mefesTan, mewamlem alesa xmali, avad-
myofs Tavze daadga, xelSi xmali rom eWira ise da Tqva:
`gveleSapo, me gibrZaneb, avadmyofs moeSva (`daeTxovo~), To-
rem Tavs mogkveT~.
gveleSapi amovida avadmyofis muclidan da gavida ga-
reT. mefis qaliSvili morCa da mefem misca is mewamles co-
lad. mewamlem wamoiyvana coli da Seiyarnen samive amxanagebi
362
(!). gaiyves, rac naSovni hqondaT. mewamlem Tavisi coli da,
rac Sexvda, yvelaferi meTevzes misca da uTxra:
_ Tevzi, romelic Seicode da gauSvi, me viyavi.
man es Tqva da uxilavad iqca.
II
xenwifeSi boSi do sqvami cira
arTi xenwifeSi squa qo¹ofe Zalami sqvami do jgiri.

Te boSiq mumas uwuu:
_ mua-Cqimi, gomitee Sxva qi¹anefiSa.
mumaq neba qemeÇ. Te boSiq id¸, qimerT¸ didi rume tya-
Sa. miojin¸ni, qoZir¸ arTi sqvami cira dilegars jaSi jins.
miojin¸ni, boSiq deefirq¸: `mu ambe re ena? Tena mi ¹ofe, muq
gemirCqind¸, ejgua saariko mu ore? Cqimi dudiS mikved¸, Te-
cali tyaSa miTofrTini!~ ukuline duuWyu kiTxiri ciras:
_ mu goko Taq¸, bata? qirsiani reqo si?
_ qirsiani voreq, _ meCu pasuxi ciraq¸ do pijvari de-
ewer¸.
Te boSikoCq memixir¸ do molami¹on¸, cxeniSa mukuuxedi
ukaxale. arTo miiSes¸ni, Saras qewobxvades breli gerenq. e
koCq qomolikoCanas guudirT¸ iaraRiT; Te koCi muSi iaraRa-
mo gerenq gekosofes. ma Jii jaSi no¹elas qomuosxapi, ifSee-
li jaSa, eTeqi gamkobsqidi. Ti Cqimi maxvamilafari oWkomu
gerenq.
aTe gaWireba quuwä arZo aTe ciraq aTe xenwifeSi squ-
as. aTe xenwifeSi squas Seecod¸ Te ciraq¸ do mole¹on¸ mu-
Si ¹udeSa do q¸morT¸ dida do mumaSa. e ciraSeni kiTx¸ di-
damumaq:
_ min re do soni renia Te cira?
363
_ RoronTq muCu ma ena, Cilo oko ikiifxunueve, gir-
gvini oko giibdgee aTe cirawk¸ma, _ uwuu Tinens squaq.
muma do didaq neba vameÇ squas girgviniSi gedg¸maSi.
ena boSiq iwyin¸, girgvini qigiidg¸ Zalo, muma do didaq
¹udeSa vamaaSqu. Te boSiq midarT¸, Te boSiq eferineero qi-
dixor¸, namuda Zalami jgiro, mumas¸ do Sxva jimalens or-
jgin¸ irifeliSeni.
xelmwifis vaJi da lamazi qaliSvili
erTi xelmwifis Svili yofila, Zalian lamazi da keTi-

li (`kargi~), am biWma mamas uTxra:
_ mamaCemo, gamiSvi sxva qveynebSi.
mamam neba misca. es biWi wavida (ìara~), mivida did da-
burul (`mrume~) tyeSi. rom gaixeda, dainaxa, erTi lamazi
qaliSvili (`cira~) tiris xis Ziras. rom Sexeda, biWi da-
fiqrda: `ra ambavia es? es vin aris (`yofila~), vin gamomiC-
nda, amgvari zRapruli (`saarako~) ra aris? Cemi Tavisa mik-
virda [me], amgvar tyeSi rom Sevedi~! Semdeg dauwyo (gamo)
kiTxva qaliSvils:
_ ra ginda aq, qalav? qristiani xar Sen?
qaliSvilma miugo:
_ qristiani var.
da pirjvari daiwera.
_ me erTma kacma gamitaca (`momipara~) da wamomiyvana,
cxenze ukan vejeqi; erTad rom midiodnen gzaze, [iseTi] bev-
ri mglebi (!) Semogvxvdnen. am kacma vaJkacurad gaivlo xeli
iaraRze; [magram] es kaci Tavis iaraRianad mglebma daglijes.
me zeviT, xis tots Sevaxti, avedi xeze, iq gadavrCi. is, Cemi
gamtacebeli, SeWames mglebma.
es ubedureba (`gaWirveba~) sul uTxra am qaliSvilma
am xelmwifis Svils. am xelmwifis Svils Seecoda es qaliS-
364
vili da wamoiyvana Tavis saxlSi da movida ded-mamasTan. am
qaliSvilis Sesaxeb hkiTxa ded-mamam:
_ vin aris da sadauri ariso es qaliSvili?
_ RmerTma momca me es, colad unda davisva, jvari un-
da daviwero (`gvirgvini unda davidga~) am qalzeo, _ uTxra
imaT Svilma.
mamam da dedam neba ar darTes (`misca~) Svils jvaris
dawerisa (`gvirgvinis dadgmisa~). es biWma iwyina. jvari dai-
wera Zalad. mamam da dedam saxlSi ar SemouSves.
es biWi wavida, isesxa fulebi da im fuliT sacxovre-
bel-samosaxlos moekida, dasaxlda. es biWi iseTnairad da-
saxlda, rom Zalian kargad, mamas da sxva Zmebs ajoba yvela-
ferSi.
III
papa do TiS ukulaSi squa
arTi papa qo¹ofe do sumi squalefi q¸no¹ve. papaq Ru-

radRas duuCin¸ muSi squalens:
_ dobRureve, TiToq TiTo sers daviTini wamkiTxiTia.
mara uCaSi squalenq Te zojua mumaSi vaSiasrules,
xvale arTi ukulaSi squaq waukiTx¸ daviTni. Timusers ga-
mecxad¸ muSi mumarq¸ do qaaCuqu arTi cxeni. maJira sers
xolo Teq, muSi jimulefiSi mangioro, waukiT¸ daviTni. ma-
Jira sers¸Ti mumaq gameecxad¸ do maJira cxeni qaaCuqu, namu-
Ti nokobue muSi oSqari squaSoT. masuma sers¸Ti xolo aTeq
waukiTx¸ daviTni do mumaq masuma sers¸Ti qumuu¹on¸ masuma
cxeni, xvamiro qidiituu do midarT¸.
aTe dros arTi xenwifeSi osurisquas qomons miaTxin-
des Tijguras, namuTi jixurs Ji cxeniT eSasxapunduni do
Ti zisunaxes ajunuuduni, _ Tis miaTxindes. breli xenwife-
365
Si squalefi Ti zis¸naxeSi oTxuuSa miiSes, mara miTiniSi
cxens veeSaasxapu Ji jixuriSa.
TiJans aTe papaSi squaq qigedoxod¸ Te muSi mumaSi naW-
yolofu cxens, qimerT¸ xenwifeSi doxoreSi kariSi woxole.
qimiog¸ cxens maTraxi do qeeSasxapinu, mara nasumoriSi eSee
veiasxapu. maJira cxens qogedoxod¸ do xolo qeeSaasxapinu,
mara Tis woxoliani cxeniSe maJira Tiz¸maSi umosiq vaasxapu.
masuma dRas masuma cxeniT q¸morT¸ do qeeSasxapinu, do qoTi
qoSaasxapu aTe jixuriSi Ji do boSiq qaajunu Ti zis¸naxes¸
do girgviniTi qiguudges eTi boSis Ti ciraSa. ukuli ma-
larT¸ e boSiq muSi ¹udeSa.
aTe dros xenwifesi Cirq q¸deelax¸ do qiiWanuu aTe
muSi sinja do uwuu dianTirq: `Ce zRua do uCa zRuaSi
Sqas arTi iremi renia do TiSi bJa mugalenia~, miwiis¸ do
Tis q¸momiRanq¸-da, dobsqid¸q, var¸-da, _ maRuruu voreqia~.
aTe dros Te boSiq gedoxod¸ muSi cxens¸ do midarT¸.
eTiq zRua do zRua SqaSa miSeel¸ do moWval¸ irems bJa do
q¸muuRu muSi dianTirs, qoÇ do daasqilidu.
mRvdeli da misi umcrosi vaJiSvili
erTi mRvdeli yofila da sami Svili hyolia. sikvdi-

lis dRes daubara Tavis Svilebs:
_ [Tu] movkvde, TiToeulma TiTo Rames `daviTni~ wami-
kiTxeTo.
magram ufrosma Svilebma es brZaneba ar Seusrules;
marto erTma umcrosma Svilma waukiTxa `daviTni~. im Rames
gamoecxada mamamisi da aCuqa erTi cxeni. meore Rames isev
man, Tavisi Zmebis magivrad, waukiTxa `daviTni~. meore Rame-
sac mama gamoecxada da meore cxeni aCuqa, romelic ndomebia
Tavisi SuaTana SvilisTvis. mesame Ramesac isev aman waukiTxa
366
`daviTni~ da mamam mesame Ramesac mouyvana mesame cxeni, _ da-
locvilad datova da wavida.
am dros erTi xelmwifis qaliSvils iseT qmarze aTxo-
vebdnen, romelic cixis zeviT axteboda cxeniT da, vinc im
mzeTunaxavs akocebda, imas miaTxovebdnen. bevri xelmwifis
Svilebi im mzeTunaxavis saTxovad midiodnen, magram veravis
cxenma ver SeZlo cixis zeviT axtoma.
am dros es mRvdlis Svili moajda am Tavisi mamis na-
Cuqar cxens, mivida xelmwifis sasaxlis karis win, hkra
cxens maTraxi da aaxtuna, magram mesamedis zeviT [cixis si-
maRlisa] ver axta. meore cxens moaxta da kidev axta, magram
wina cxenze orjer metis (`meore im xelaze ufro~) zeviT
ver axta. mesame dRes mesame cxeniT movida da aaxtuna da
kidevac axta am cixis zeviT da biWma akoca im mzeTunaxavs
da daaqorwines (`gvirgvini daadges~) es biWi im qaliSvilze.
merme wamovida es biWi Tavis saxlSi. am dros am xel-
mwifis coli avad gaxda da daibara es Tavisi siZe da uTxra
sidedrma: `TeTr zRvasa da Sav zRvas Sua erTi iremi ariso
da imisi rZe mogixdebao, miTxres, da Tu imas momitan, mov-
rCebi, Tu arada, aucileblad movkvdebio (`namdvilad momak-
vdavi varo~).
am dros es biWi moajda Tavis cxens da wavida. im ori
zRvis SuaSi (`zRva da zRva Sua~) Sevida da moswvela irems
rZe da moutana Tavis sidedrs da moarCina.
367
IV
ariki qomonji do CiliSi
qo¹ofena arTi Cili do qomonji kaTa. vanopaluena mu-

Tuni, arTi qomoli squaSi meti. arTiSa arTi JeSxas¸ e koç
wiruaSa miduurT¸m¸. osuri ojaxis¸ q¸dosq¸lade. boSi viTo-
Jiri baRanefiwk¸ma nola¹afue. aTe borjis¸ gerç e boSi qu-
uxvamiulafu. didas¸ ambee qeSutyvebu, urkiä. ungar¸ breli.
mumas¸ qeSaatyvinees¸. muma wiruas¸ gerd¸ do Tquu: `wirua
vemimateene, amdRa uqvi re do Cqimi bediSi qorenda, va-
mid¸n¸~.
wiruaq¸ geeTuu. nowiruenç Te koCq¸, muWoTi Sxvaq¸
TeSi, saTuTumo giinwyuu. feri borjis¸ Sxva kaTaq uwuu:
_ RoronTi giWyor¸no, mus¸ orT¸q¸? aTe koCq¸ maaSin¸:
_ amudRa JeSxa re. Cqimi bediSi qoren da, Wume bgor¸.
muSi TiSa q¸morT¸ Te koCq¸. Cilq dudiSi ¹vilua miin-
domu.
_ mus¸ orT¸q¸, mu RoronTi giWyor¸? _ uwuu qomonç
Cilq¸.
osurq¸ sadili vadaxvamiluu. qomonjq¸ xasila metax¸:
_ sadili muSeni vad¸moxvamileeva? Cqimi bediSi qoren-
da, Wume bgorunq do orzoli gag¸mominwyiia.
osurq¸ orzoli geg¸maanwyuu. maJira dRas¸ e koCq¸ or-
zolamo midarT¸ ogor¸Sa. id¸, id¸, muTi qaalined¸, Tina id¸,
giSeel¸ arTi didi mindoriSa. w¸majin¸ w¸mii do qoZir¸, ar-
Ti koCi njors¸ qigexen do WandiSi maSxvaT¸ qimiZire. id¸,
id¸ do qawoxvad¸ aTe koç.
_ gamarjoba, jima, sqani! so meurq¸ a¹ure?
saralo Te koCq¸ maaSin¸ muSi saq¸me. jorami koCq
uwuu:
368
_ si muma oxeri, amudRa gor¸nq¸ni, goRa so ordi do
vara a¹ure mu goko? sumi dRa do seri muurqu do muTa
ipaluu.
saralo koCq uwuu:
_ TuTumi gebSvaTia.
TuTuni geSves¸. joramqg uwuu:
_ maTi sqaniwkala urqu do bgoraT¸.
ides¸, ides¸, onjuas¸ tyas¸ giSelees¸ do arTi Zalami
maxoro koç qimiodirTes¸ karç.
_ seri g¸moTanafeeTia, _ uwiis¸.
njori odiareSa guutes¸ do q¸deebines¸ aTe maxoro
koCiSi Tis¸. njoriSi minjeq¸ maaSin¸ menZelç aTe saralo
koCiSi ambee.
_ suleli ¹ofe migida reni, goRa squa ngerq¸ miduuR¸
do amudRa gor¸nç.
_ `JeSxa renia~ do va gor¸ goRa.
_ musuTi qaarwyeqie, _ uwuu menzelq¸, _ arZo uqvi
dRaSi nakeTebu renia arTi svetiSi meti.
aTe svetis¸ njorami koCq¸ marTaxi q¸mkabunuu. maJira
dRas¸ midarTes¸ ogoruSa. qimerTes arTi njaSi jinjiSa, fe-
ri borjis¸ marTaxiq¸ q¸gàSin¸.
_ jimaloba qorwancia-da, marTaxi q¸moiRia.
midarT¸ e koCq¸ do qoZir¸: irifeli arTo doWvere
sveti do marTaxiSi meti. marTaxi moleeR¸. minjes¸ q¸muuR¸
do irifeli garemoeba maaSin¸. njoriSi minjeq¸ uwuu:
_ aba, mu aRoled¸, muTi qaapaluduni, irifeli uqvi
dRaSi nasaqvar¸ noRve. qiiCinenqo sqani squas? _ uwuu mar-
TaxiSi minjeq¸.
_ qoova.
_ aba g¸Seli tyas¸, qiCina sqani squa-da.
369
namdvilo Te koCq¸ qoZir¸, muSi squas¸ ngerefi
ula¹afuanci do boSi miniSa arTis¸ qigexe, miniSa maJiras¸,
elamu.
_ qo, pat¸ni, amari re, mara mi mioTinancia?
däZaxes¸ boSis¸. boSiq¸ q¸morT¸. njorami koCq¸ uwuu
boSiSi mumas¸:
_ si didi coda giRudua do sqani squa TiSeni ixvami-
luua ngerq¸. sqani dasajeba Roronç okodua, mara q¸gapati-
ua sqani squa TiSeni, namda si wiruas¸ gerdia, do sqani squ-
aSi dinafa qimegiResia, Suri vagiqal¸nia: àmidRa iSeni uqvi
renia do Cqimi bediSi ren da, Wume RoronTi q¸moZirancia~.
molarT¸ squamo do sqid¸des¸ Cili do squamo.
qmrisa da colis zRapari
yofilan erTi coli da qmari. araferi ar moepovebo-

daT erTi vaJiSvilis meti. erTxel erT kvrias es kaci wir-
vaze wasula. qali saxlSi darCenila. biWi Tormet bavSvTan
TamaSobda Turme. am dros mgels es biWi gautacnia. dedas
ambavi Seutyvia, ukivlia, utiria bevri. mamas Seatyobines. ma-
ma wirvaze idga da Tqva: `wirvis mitoveba ar SemiZlia, dRes
uqmia da Tu Cemi bedis aris, ar damekargebao~.
wirva damTavrda. wirvis Semdeg (`nawirevs~) am kacma,
rogorc sxvam, ise papirosi (`saTuTune~) gaawyo. am dros
sxva xalxma uTxra:
_ ra RmerTi giwyrebao, rasaa akeTeb? _ am kacma moax-
sena.
_ dRes kviraa. Cemi bedisa Tu aris, xval movZebni
(`vZebni~). Tavis saxlSi movida es kaci. colma Tavis mokvla
daapira (`moindoma~).
_ ras Svrebi, ra RmerTi giwyreba? _ uTxra qmars
colma.
370
qalma sadili ar daaxvedra. qmarma gverdi (nekni) Caum-
tvria:
_ sadili ratom ar damaxvedreo? Cemi bedisa Tu aris,
xval movZebni da sagzali gamimzadeo (`gamomiwyveo~).
qalma sagzali gaamzada. meore dRes es kaci sagzlianad
wavida saZebnad. iara, iara, rac SeeZlo, is iara, gavida erT
did mindorze. gaixeda win da dainaxa, erTi kaci jorze zis
da buzis (`mweris~) simsxod moCans. iara, iara da Sexvda am
kacs.
_ gamarjoba, Zmao, Seni! sad midixar aqiT?
am sawyalma kacma moaxsena Tavisi saqme. jorianma kacma
uTxra:
_ Se, mama oxero, dRes rom eZeb, guSin sad iyavi, anda
aqiT ra ginda? sami dRe da Ramea movdivar da araferi mina-
xavs (ìpoveba~).
sabralo kacma uTxra:
_ Tambaqo movwioTo (`davlioTo~).
Tambaqo mowies (`dalies~). jorianma uTxra:
_ mec SenTan wamoval da veZeboT.
iares, iares, saRamos tyidan gavidnen da erT karg mo-
saxle kacs miadgnen karze.
_ Rame gamaTenebineTo, _ uTxres.
jori balaxze miuSves da dabinavdnen am mosaxle kacis
ojaxSi.
joris patronma moaxsena maspinZels am sabralo kacis
ambavi.
_ suleli yofila viRacaa, guSin Svili mgelma mosta-
ca (`waarTva~) da dRes eZebs.
_ `kvira ariso~ da ar eZeba guSin.
_ rasac xedavo, _ uTxra maspinZelma, _ yvela uqm
dRes gakeTebuli ariso, erTi svetis meti.
am svetze jorianma kacma maTraxi Camokida. meore dRes
wavidnen saZebnad. mividnen erT xis ZirTan, am dros maTraxi
gaaxsenda.
_ Zmoba Tu gwamso, maTraxi momitaneo.
371
wavida es kaci da naxa: yvelaferi erTad damwvara sve-
tisa da maTraxis meti. maTraxi wamoiRo, patrons miutana
da yvelaferi (`yvela garemoeba~) moaxsena. joris patronma
uTxra:
_ aba ra mouvidoda, rac ram ebada, yvelaferi uqm
dRes hqonia gakeTebuli. icnob Sens Svils? _ uTxra maTra-
xis patronma.
_ kio.
_ aba, gadi tyeSi, Tu icnob Sens Svils.
namdvilad naxa am kacma, Tavis Svils mglebi eTamaSebi-
an da biWi xan erTs azis, xan meores; gaocda.
_ ki, batono, aq aris, magram vin mibedavso [iq mis-
vlas]?
dauZaxa biWs. biWi movida. jorianma kacma uTxra biWis
mamas:
_ Sen didi codva gqonda da Seni Svili mitom gaita-
cao mgelma. Seni dasja RmerTs undoda, magram gapatia Seni
Svili, imitom, rom DSen wirvaze ideqio da Seni Svilis da-
kargvis [ambavi] rom mogitanes, xma (`suli~) ar amogiRiao:
`dRes mainc uqmi ariso da Cemi bedisa Tu aris, xval Rmer-
Ti manaxvebso~.
wamovida Svilianad da cxovrobda colSvilianad.
372
V
Jiri jima koCi
qo¹ofe Jiri jima koCi. Ticali maxinji ¹ofena Tinefi,

namuda qi¹anas norgilafuena. Te Jiri jimaSi ¹ofa-qceva Te-
li sofelsi noCqve, mara muTuni vaRolamuna, raxan xiruaSi
rCqinawkela didi moxerxebuli do eSmaki ¹ofena. muJams mu-
nefiSi sofeli duuRaribebunani, ukuli Sxvado duuWyafuna
xirua. arTiSax, Wume petroba rdukoni, amuseri arTi so-
felsi meuxiruna xoji, mara, etyvebu RoronsiT gaurisxvebu
Tinefi do Saras qugoTanafuna. mu qiminani, naxira xos qeTa-
aCinena. eukinuna do duu¹viluna xoji; xeSketefiSa qegeuki-
rafuna do duuqununa noSoTi do duuWyafuna Rvara: `va-va,
jima petreia! va-va, jima petreiava!~ meSarefs ukiTxiruna:
_ muq gaRolesia? upasuxebuna:
_ sumi jima vordiTi, arTis petreia joxord¸ do Sa-
ras domiRures do amudRari dRasu CqinoT WiTa obiSxa re-
nia.
ai, aTeneri xerxiT duuRorebuna moSareefi, xoji ¹ude-
Sa qemeuRaluna do dro utarebuna.
Ruma Teq vordi, amudRa aS qomovrTi...
ori Zma (`Zmakaci~)
yofila, yofila ori Zma (`Zmakaci~). iseTi qurdi yofi-

lan isini, rom Turme qveyanas aSinebdnen (àcivebdnen~). am
ori Zmis yofaqceva mTels sofels scodnia, magram veraferi
uqniaT, radgan qurdobis codnasTan erTad Zalian xerxiani
da eSmakebi yofilan. roca TavianTi sofeli dauRaribebiaT,
mere sxvagan dauwyiaT qurdoba. erTxel, xval rom petroba
unda yofiliyo, am saRamos erT sofelSi mouparavT xari,
magram, etyoba, RmerTi ganrisxebia maT (`RmerTs ganurisxebia
isini~) da gzaze SemoTenebiaT. ra qnan, moparul xars qe ic-
373
noben. auRiaT da dauklavT xari, xelketebze daukaavT da
daufaravT foTlebiani totebiT da dauwyiaT Rriali: vai-
vai, Zmao petreia! vai-vai, Zmao petreiao~! mgzavrebs ukiT-
xavt;
_ ra dagemarTaTo? _ upasuxniaT:
_ sami Zma viyaviT, erTs petreia erqva da gzave mogvik-
vda da dRevandeli dResaswauli CvenTvis wiTeli paraskevi
ariso.
ai amnairi xerxiT moutyuebiaT mgzavrebi, xari saxlSi
miutaniaT da dro utarebiaT.
VI
dimdari do Raribi
Turme arT sofels, arTmaJiaS xasias cxovrendes jiri

mezobeefi: arTi dimdari du, maJia Raribi du. arTiSi qoneba
fundu do ginmofundu, maJias xomia WkidiS notexi xo»o
onatrudu, mara iSeniT ir sers ¹aTe gaWirebui koCiS ¹uCe
irCqiedu bira do gitaraS xma, ordu sxapua do Zica. Tij-
gua ambe du, namda moSare kos, misiT ¹aTe maxoruuSi ambe
vouCquduni, aCqvenudu: midgareni didi kampanias ginmigansia,
didi diara uRunia.
aTe ojaxi arT dRaS naSiibis arTnero guTmurTundu
arZos do aTeTi Za»am didi kmayofii do bednierefi ordes.
dimdari koCiS ojaxis gvae Sxvaneri ambe du. dRas mi-
Tini eure biraS xonars vegegendu. gileeSu muS oTaxus dim-
dari do arTiS metis muTuns vafiqrendu:
_ dRas qigagonebeno aTejgua muTuni!.. ma Tezuma qoneba
miRu, Tesxei fara mafu gasisxebui, Wkomua vamoruku do Su-
ma, iSeniT Cqimi ojaxis simxiarueS xma vare. e glaxakiSi
ojaxis muTuni vouRuna, mara miT mikiensni, iS ¹udes iro
kampania aCqvenuu. wana arTie do sumoneCi do xuTi Tanafa
uRu. morTi, gavwirenq Cqim qonebas, orqovarCxils do ¹aTe
374
glaxakis qemevCanq; qovZirunq, daba, muWom xasiaTis gerdiTu-
ni(!).
arT mSvenier dRas dimdarq deebaru Raribi do muT sa-
ujguSo qoneba uRuduni, qemeCu mezobers.
aTena do aTena; ve¹äni ve¹u Rarib koCiS mosvanjaq. gei-
borju iS ojaxiq. kos eure Zica do biraS xonari varCqie-
du.
dimdari SoriSe urCqiedu, daba, mus iqundu Rarib ko-
Cin. giSe»u Jir-sum dRaq do dimdars qamakiTxuu Raribiq do
Tei oqroi»oba qumuRu do uwuu:
_ mideRi skani qoneba, muT maCuqin, ma siRaribe do sig-
laxake misxununia.
_ muSa domirTineva, ma skanda mangiori muTun va-
miTxänia?!
_ marTaienia, _ uwuu Raribiq, mara, muT Te qoneba ge-
woiRin, ukui mosvanja do »urq memidinua. dRa do sers Tis
vfiqrendi, mu vRoiko do muWo mivxvarikon. baRanenq daxe
dememuunju do osuri seriT sinaTes xo»o veTmiorzandu. ma
misxunu Skirenui vorde do viZicanda, vidre gemdindare do
devmunjen.
geWofu do monaCemi ifrei ukaxae durTinuu viSo. gaxa-
rebulq ¹uCa irviu muS Cii do skuaSa.
dimdarq ifiqru, arTxans ifiqru do ukui qemexvadu,
namda qonebaSi zirua do Senaxeba vardu saWironi. saWiro
du, ir dRiuri muSobaT uWkomuduko »ukma do Cii do skua
guxarebuduko.
dimdarq gedirTu do Te qoneba gegmuRu; gegmiRu do
Raribens durigu. xalxiqiT didi mardoberqi daaskidu do
muq xo»o didi gaWireba miiSoru dudiSe. ukui qidiWyu mu-
Saoba do a»ai »ukmas Wkundu, simxiarue do droS tarebas
ordu Tei sicocxle.
375
mdidari da Raribi
Turme erT sofelSi, erTimeoris gverdiT cxovrobdnen

ori mezobeli. erTi mdidari iyo, meore _ Raribi (+iyo).
erTis qoneba duRda da gadmoduRda, meores xmeli mWadis
natexic ki enatreboda, magram yovel Rames am gaWirvebuli
kacis saxlidan ismoda simRera da gitaris xma, iyo cekva da
kiskisi. imgvari ambavi iyo, rom mgzavrs, romelmac am saxlis
ambavi ar icoda, egoneboda: viRac did lxins (`kampanias~)
ixdiso, didi qorwili aqvso.
es ojaxi erTi dRis naSovns erTnairad uyofda yvelas
da amiT Zalian didad kmayofili da bednierebi iyvnen.
mdidari kacis ojaxSi sul sxvagvari ambavi iyo. veras-
dros iqidan vinme simReris xmas ver gaigonebda. dadioda Ta-
vis oTaxSi mdidari da erTis mets arafers fiqrobda:
_ odesme gagonila amgvari rame? me amodena qoneba
maqvs, amdeni fuli gasesxebuli, Wama ar maklia da sma, mag-
ram mainc Cems ojaxSi simxiarulis xma ar ismis (àris~). am
glaxakis ojaxSi araferi aqvT, magram, vinc gamoivlis, mis
saxlSi sul lxini egoneba. weli erTia da samas samocdaxu-
Ti aRdgoma aqvs. modi, gavwirav Cems qonebas, oqrovercxls
da am glaxaks mivcem; vnaxav, aba, rogor xasiaTze dadgeba.
erT mSvenier dRes mdidarma daibara Raribi da, rac sa-
ukeTeso qoneba hqonda, misca mezobels.
es (iyo) da es; ar iqna da ar iqna Raribi kacis mosve-
neba. airia misi ojaxi. kacs iqidan sicili da simReris xma
ar esmoda.
mdidari Soridan uyurebda, aba, Tu ras izamda Raribi
kaci. gavida ori-sami dRe da mdidars moakiTxa Raribma da
mTeli oqrouloba moutana da uTxra:
_ waiRe Seni qoneba, rac maCuqe, me siRaribe da sigla-
xake mirCevniao.
_ ratom damibruneo, me SenTvis magieri araferi momiT-
xoviao?!
376
_ marTali aris, _ uTxra Raribma, magram, rac es qone-
ba gamogarTvi, mere mosveneba da Zili damekargao. dRe da
Rame mas vfiqrobdi, ra meqna da rogor momexmara, bavSvebi
kinaRam damimunjda da coli RamiT sinaTlesac ar anTebda.
me mirCevnia mSieri viyo da vicinode, vidre gavmdidrde da
davmunjde.
aiRo da mocemuli (`monacemi~) yvelaferi ukan daubru-
na (+iqiT), gaxarebuli saxlSi gaiqca Tavis col-SvilTan.
mdidarma ifiqra, erTxans ifiqra da mere mixvda, rom
qonebis Segroveba da Senaxva (+rom) ar iyo saWiro. saWiro
iyo, yoveldRiuri muSaobiT eWama lukma da col-Svili gae-
xarebina.
mdidari adga da es qoneba gamoitana da Raribebs dau-
riga. xalxic didi madlobeli daurCa da amanac didi Wiri
(`gaWirveba~) moiSora Tavidan. mere daiwyo muSaoba da alal
lukmas Wamda. mxiarulebasa da drois tarebaSi iyo mTeli
sicocxle.
leqsebi:
1. vRuruq, mara mu vqimina?
vxedav, aRar gebralebi!
lexi voreq maRuruu,
ver miSvelis eqimebi.
2. nite mara miCq¸das,

ase risTvis momentere!
mu dagiSe, qomiwii,
me mivxvdebi Cem Tavs mere.
3. SorSe jinas domiWyanq,

axlos aRar mekarebi...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
377
4. aw v'fiqra si, mojgire,
awi me Sen mogerido:
muWo ToliT qorZir¸nq¸
ukan unda mogekido.
5. ¹orofils vonduruq,
guri alaWviri mafu,
Cqimi rd¸ ni, miCq¸d¸,
breli dixas domicqvafu.
6. seriT mlurs, dRaSiT var,

ma mi¹ors¸ do Sxvas me¹uns.
min re midamiRans¸ ni,
Cqimi SuriSi osxunurs?
7. voxede do vjan¸de,
sqani qaRardis vWar¸nde:
`gvalas muSen gagajogi?
`malas domingar¸nde!~
8. qorZirunq¸ ni, guri maWu, (nana)

va rZirunq¸ ni, ufuraSi.
Suri do guriT viWuuq¸,
muda dRaSax vorda TaSi?
9. Cqimi guri sqanwkma re,

sqani guri Sxvawk¸ma re,
Cqim'do sqani gojogafa
meriSi ak¸nawyma re.
10. Cqimi guri TeSi iWu,

obedi v'aWve sakvecis;
Cqimi guri TeS' mikobu,
muWoTi Cxomi ankesis.
378
11. bedniero dus vorwyedi,
Turme miWofuno Wiri,
sqani naTxora samares
kiseriSax gobZ¸ kiri.
12. meurqia, Siivtyvi do

muS imedis domiCinanq?
Ti zomaSax qomi¹orq¸,
gurs¸ Wleqis gomirCqinanq.
13. seriT »urs¸ va marZens,

siz¸mari mafocens¸.
Cqimi do sqani ¹orofa
RuradRaSax v' akocens¸.
14. xes mikebu ni, vardi re,

gurs¸ miRu ni, dardi re, _
Cqim(i) do sqani arTo rina (nana)
nana, muWomi mardi re (nana).
15. bJa dia Cqimi,

TuTa muma Cqimi,
xviCa-xviCa muricxefi
da do jima Cqimi.
16. aia re, baia re;

baiaSi wori Tanafa re;
qirse ren do kalanda re;
wakurTxia jg¸ri dRa re.
379
* * *
ma si vardi TiSen merCi,
baRis oko dorgikoni,
Tina dRas¸ vaixumudu,
ma si qogi¹ordikoni!
iro Tis¸ vocadudi,
sqan xolos¸ vordikoni,
ubedurq¸ vepiko do,
bedinerq¸ ipikoni.
vardiS minjes vanogveq¸,//minjeT vanorgveqi
TiSenire, saubeduroT,
mebaRoba vanorCqveno,
ena vagoskvans¸ Suro.
Cqimi guri si do¹vili,
anwi es¸ mu oxvar¸,
Rureli guriS gaTeleba,
veSemlebu, var¸, var¸!
* * *
vagi¹orqo ma?
vagokoqo ma?
vamorwonqo, maxaria,
sqani Wirima!
miWyoruqo ma?
gorjoguqo ma?
vara ntero migoCquqo,
sqani Wirima!
sqani voreq¸ ma,
vagaRorenq ma,
siT Ralati vagmagona,
sqani Wirima!
usqaneTi ma,
Te qiana ma
mafu sruli jojoxeTi,
sqani Wirima!
380
* * *
aka si reqiSo,
almasi reqiSo,
orde lexini, _
vamaZireqiSo, na..
dedou nana,
mebdinavo, Cqimi coda!
iro guriSa
ala mireqiSo,
q¸gmaSineq¸ni,
mangarineniSo _ na..
dedou nana,
mebdinavo, Cqimi coda!
* * *
¹orofa arZa arTi vare,
Cqimi vemiWare SxvaSa,
gi¹ordini miCqudu do
goiTiruqo ma si SxvaSa.
boria rdas¸, Wvima rdas¸,

sqani moulas ma qibginanq,
kankaleSa gamkomile,
veSemlebu TaSi rina.
seri do dRaSi arTi mafu,

sqan Saras ginvojineq¸,
sqani dudi midamiRuo
Sxvaq¸, kargimokilerq¸.
ax, ¹orofa, si Wvili dRaSi,

guri muWo domixaSi,
seri iSeni seri ren do,
ukumela mafu dRaSi!
381
andazebi:
adre enadgina ¹urdgelc wiari vegioWiSuansia.
_ adre amdgarsa kurdRelsa ver daeweva mwevari.
arTi oxvameri papasiTi qaaCirTunia.

_ erTi aliluia mRvdelsac Secdebao.
arTi ¹oradili uSquri oSi Sxvas do¹oridunsia.

_ erTi dampali vaSli ass sxvas daalpobso.
arTSa xangas¸T dujera.

_ erTxel giJsac daujerebeno.
axali oqosali jgiro qosuns.

_ axali cocxli kargad gvis.
babuSi naWkoma ¹omurq moTas kibiri mekvaTua.

_ babuas naWamma tyemalma SviliSvils mosWra kbilia.
bediSa kos vamdaarTenia.

_ kaci beds ver gaeqcevao.
bediSi gverdi cada renia.

_ cda bedis monaxevreao.
geriSi SquriniT Txa mis uWyvidunia.

_ mglis SiSiT Txa vis gauwyvetiao.
gveri fers iTiransia, vara wesis veTiransia.

_ gveli fers icvlis, wess ki _ arao.
gilaxeq¸ni i ¹as kvaTua vakonia.

_ romel totzedac zixar, imas moWra ar undao.
382
giriniS kvartiqi vegewyinasia.
_ viris wixli ar gewyinoso.
glaxa squas glaxa joRori ujgunia.

_ cud Svils cudi ZaRli sjobiao.
gurafaSi jinji kole re, mara wvandi hamo re.

_ swavlis Ziri mwarea, magram bolo (wveri) tkbiliao.
gurafa Rura dRaSa renia.

_ swavla sikvdilamdeao.
daCxiri otibuans, mara Wuala xolo uCqunia.

_ cecxli aTbobs, magram dawvac iciso.
donTxafili geiodginia.
_ waqceuli aayeneo.
dudiSo irguni, Tina SxvaSoTi irgunia.

_ vinc TavisTvis varga, is sxvisTvisac ivargebso.
vara wyari oko orde, vara Rvini.

_ an wyali unda iyo, an Rvino.
varTi wvadi gilalua, varTi keleberia.

_ arc mwvadi Seswva da arc Samfurio.
Toli Suns do Toli Wkomuns.

_ Tvali svams da Tvali Wamso.
irkos muSi Toli aworensia.

_ yvelas Tavisi Tvali ajerebso.
kibiri TiSeni gerdgunia, ninas oko geunWireve.

_ kbili imisTvis gaqvs, rom enas daaWiroo.
383
kos koCana giRudas, saxeli mudga rjoxondas.
_ kacs kacoba gqondes, saxeli rac ginda gerqvas.
koCi jgiro geCinebafueni, arTi fuTi jimu oko gafudas

Tiwkela naWkoma.
_ kaci kargad rom gaicno, erTi fuTi marili unda
gqondes masTan erTad SeWmuli.
kuSi squa ku i¹ii, buSi squa bu i¹ii, aba, more mu i¹¸ii.

_ kus Svili ku iqneba, bus Svili su iqneba, aba sxva ar
qineba.
luri WiWe Ruru renia.

_ Zili patara sikvdiliao.
mdidariSa veSinartebenia do RaribiSa vegiZicinenia.

_ mdidars nu dahnatri da Raribs nu dascinio.
meSare wyars miTxinsni, Rvini mikuRi.

_ mgzavrma (Tu) wyali moiTxova, Rvino, miarTvio.
minc papa mowonc do minc papaSi osuria.

_ zogs mRvdeli moswons, zogs _ mRvdlis coli.
moTaq kiTxua babus - iro rCin¸ rdiao?

_ SviliSvilma babuas hkiTxa _ yovelTvis moxuci iya-
vio?
moragade doRurun do naragad dRas vaRuru.

_ mTqmeli mokvdeba, naTqvami _ ki ara.
muT giRudas, Tis miabaRia.

_ rac gaqvs, imas dasjerdio.
munafas Cxana (bJa) vaafule.
384
_ Rrubeli mzes ver dafaravs.
mus Tas¸nqi, Tina eurcu.

_ rasac daTes, is amova.
muSi Ruru irkos puxus maabu.

_ sakuTari sikvdili yvelas zurgze hkidiao.
muWoT naragadueni, landRviri wyari wkonda tobaSe veg-

muursia.
_ rogorc naTqvamia, mRvrie wyali sufTa tbidan ar ga-
movao.
nam qianaSa meurq¸ni, Ti qianaSi qudi girTvia.

_ romel qveyanaSic midixar, im qveynis qudi daixureo.
ngeriSi oWiSis saxarebas kiTxulendesia.

_ mglis Tavze (zurgze) saxarebas kiTxulobdneno.
ninas kibiri vaWofundas, qianas daarcuand.

_ enas kbili rom ar akavebdes, qveyanas daaqcevdao.
onjRoriani rinas urinoba ujgunia.

_ sircxvilian yofnas aryofna sjobso.
puxas safule Tinunsia.

_ kuzians samare asworebso.
sumari RoronTiSenia.
_ stumari RvTisaao.
tyuraSi moragades marTals vadujerenania.

_ tyuilis mTqmels marTalsac ar daujerebeno.
ubeduri kos qua ekoxonc maaWiSuanc.
385
_ ubedur kacs qva aRmarTSi daeweva.
uqimin¸ni ina, iro iq¸ns.

_ (visac) gaukeTebia, yovelTvis gaakeTebso.
ujoRore qianas katus olalafesia.

_ uZaRlo qveyanaSi kata ayefeso.
fara faras akeTensia.

_ fuli fuls Soulobso (akeTebso).
fara jojoxeTiSi kars taxunsia.

_ fuli jojoxeTis karsac aRebso (texso).
furini _ dixaq veSgoWyordas.

_ ifrine, (magram) miwa ar dagaviwydes.
qaragadafeva da, nina irfels Tquansia.

_ Tu aTqmevine, ena yvelafers ityviso.
qiana iro miTins vegesqiladunia.

_ qveyana yovelTvis aravis SerCeniao.
qoTomq muSi o¹vilari xami giToCxirkua.

_ qaTamma Cxrika da Tavis dasaklavi dana keriaze gamoC-
xrikao.
Res pati ce, niCvis gaCamunia.

_ Rors rom pativi sce, cxvirze gikbenso.
Rura irkoCiSo arTianjgua renia.

_ sikvdili yvelasaTvis erTnairiao.
386
RuraSa iro gurafa renia.
_ swavla sikvdilamdeo.
Ruru jgiri do furs veiSagorunsia.

_ sikvdili kargsa da cuds ar arCevso.
¹orani iro uCa renia.

_ yorani mudam Savi ariso.
¹orofas Tols(i) sinaTle vauRunia.

_ siyvaruli brma ariso (TvalSi sinaTle ara aqvso).
¹ungaSo JirSa varek¸nania.

_ yrusaTvis orjer ar rekaveno.
Sers Seri uCqu iri koCi.

_ giJs yvela giJi hgonia.
SxvaSi imendiT Sqirenuli qodosqiduqi.

_ sxvisi imediT mSieri darCebio.
Sxuri Sxuri renia, geiol-da, furi renia.

_ cxvari cxvaria, Tu gacxarda cxariao.
Ceja sqvami re, mara muTa morRe renia.

_ alvis xe lamazia, magram usargebloao (àrafris maq-
nisiao~).
Cqimi ninaq dudi gomisofua.

_ Cemma enam Tavi gamixeTqao.
Cxomi landRve wyars iWofuu.

_ Tevzi mRvrie wyalSi daiWirebao.
387
Cxomq Tqu: breli mafunia oragade, mara piji wyariT ma-
funia efSa.
_ Tevzma Tqva: saTqmeli bevri maqvs, magram piri wyliTa
maqvs savseo.
Zica guriSi malama renia.

_ sicili gulis malamoao.
wvires uCxirkeda iro axaSo anTxunia Suri.

_ nagavi Tu qeqe, mudam suni eqnebao.
wyariSi munaRels wyari iRansia.

_ wylis motanils wyali waiRebso.
Wiri do lxini arTo cxovrena.

_ Wiri da lxini erTad cxovrobeno.
WiWe Tqvi do breli gegone.

_ cota ilaparake da bevri moismineo.
Wkidi arTiSa gortixuni, ukuli arTians vemkaaWabu.

_ mWadi, raki erTxel gatydeba, aRar gamTeldeba (erTma-
neTs ar miewebeba).
Wura iro wyars veeRans.

_ koka (ayiro) yovelTvis wyals ar moitans.
Wumaneri qoTomiSa amdRari kvercxi misxununia.

_ xvalindel qaTams dRevandeli kvercxi mirCevniao.
xangas oguruandesia do Wkverq q¸diigurua.

_ briyvs aswavlidnen da Wkvianma iswavlao.
xeSi kiTefs¸Ti qimioxe unCaS-ukulaSia.

_ xelis TiTebsac emCneva ufros-umcrosobao.
388
xe xes bonucia do Jirixolo pic.
_ xeli xelsa bans da orive pirso.
jgiri qimini do quas q¸gedvi.

_ kargi hqeni da qvaze dadeo.
jgiriSeni jgiri mis uRvalamu.

_ kargisTvis kargi vis uqniao.
jima jimaSo, uCa dRaSo.

_ Zma ZmisTvis, Savi dRisTvis.
joRori TeSi muWo Ruru, aka ¹urdgeli vaWofasie.

_ ZaRli ise rogor mokvdeba, erTxel kurdReli ar da-
iWiroso.
389
Bbibliografia*
abaSia r., masalebi qarTvelur enaTa leqsikis istoriidan,
I-VI: I _ krebuli `giorgi rogavas~, Tb., 1997
w.; II _ qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxe-
bi, t. VII, Tb., 1998 w.; III _ qarTveluri mem-
kvidreoba, t. II, quT., 1998 w.; IV _ enaTmecnie-
rebis sakiTxebi, #2, Tb., 1999 w.; V _ enaTmec-
nierebis sakiTxebi, #4, Tb., 2000 w.; VI _ qar-
Tvelologiuri krebuli, t. I, Tb., 2002 w.
abesaZe n., `rom~ kavSiri qarTvelur enebSi, Tsu Sromebi,
t. 96, Tb., 1963;
avaliani g., qarTul-megrul-svanuri sityvari, Tb., 1995;
asaTiani i., Wanuri (lazuri) teqstebi, Tb., 1974;
beriZe S., megruli (iveriuli) ena, Sesavali da masalebi
(I wignis I nakveTi), Tb, 1920;
gamyreliZe T., sibilantTa Sesatyvisobani da qarTvelur enaTa
uZvelesi struqturis zogi sakiTxi, Tb., 1959;
gamyreliZe T., maWavariani g., sonantTa sistema da ablauti
qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 1965;
gigineiSvili b., sarjvelaZe z., nanaTesaobiTari mimarTule-
biTisa da nanaTesaobiTari daniSnulebiTis adgi-
li Zveli qarTulisa da qarTveluri enebis
brunvaTa sistemaSi, mravalTavi, IV, Tb., 1978;
gudava t., erTi afxazuri Tandebuli zanurSi, saq. mec.
akad.-is moambe, t. VIII (3), 1947;
gudava t., zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) srulxmovnebis axsnis
cda, saq. mec. akad.-is moambe, t. XI (7), 1950;
gudava t., o-s u-Si gadasvlis zogierTi SemTxveva zanur
(megrul-Wanur) enaSi, saq. mec. akad.-is moambe,
t. XXV (1), 1960;
*bibliografiaSi warmodgenilia megrul-Wanuri//lazuri enis Sesaxeb Zi-

riTadi samecniero literaturis arasruli sia.
390
gudava t., qarTuli xalxuri sityviereba: megruli teqste-
bi, I, poezia, Tsu, 1975;
gudava t., gamyreliZe T., TanxmovanTa kompleqsebi megrul-
Si, krebuli àkaki SaniZes~, Tb., 1981;
danelia k., vnebiTi gvaris warmoebisaTvis kolxurSi, Tsu
Zveli qarT. enis kaT. Sr., t.19, 1976;
danelia k., "r"-s bgeraTganlagebis momwesrigebeli funqciis
Sesaxeb megrulSi, saq. ssr mecn. akademia, "mac-
ne", 1, 1980;
danelia k., ioseb yifSiZe - cxovreba da mecnieruli mem-
kvidreoba, Tsu-s gamocema, 1985;
danelia k., megrul-Wanuri leqsika s.-s. orbelianis leqsi-
konSi, Tsu Sromebi, t. 245, 1984;
danelia k., saxelobiTi brunvis "i" niSnis fuZesTan Sez-
rdis sakiTxisaTvis megrul-WanurSi, Tsu Srome-
bi (enaTmecn., 10), 267, 1986;
danelia k., ukvdaveba mecnieris Rvawlisa: i. yifSiZe, rCeu-
li Txzulebani (krebuli gamosacemad moamzada,
winasityvaoba da SeniSvnebi daurTo prof. k. da-
neliam, Tb., 1995);
danelia k. megrul-Wanuri leqsikis sakiTxebi, qarTuli
xalxuri sityviereba, megruli teqstebi, II, Tb.,
1991;
danelia k., canava a., qarTuli xalxuri sityviereba, megru-
li teqstebi, II, 1992;
eliava g., megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tb., 1997;
vamlingi k., Wanturia r., ZiriTad zmnaTa sixSirisaTvis meg-
rulSi. arn. Ciqobavas dabadebis 100 wlisTavi-
sadmi miZRvnili saerTaSoriso simpoziumis masa-
lebi, 1998;
Tofuria v., zogierTi brunvis genezisisaTvis megrul-Wanur-
Si, enimkis moambe, t. I, Tb., 1937;
Tofuria v., fonetikuri dakvirvebani qarTvelur enebSi, IV,
bunebrivi kompleqsisaTvis, enimkis moambe, t. I,
tf., 1937;
391
Tofuria v., n da s fenebisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, saqarTve-
los ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe, t. II,
#1-2, 1941;
Tofuria v., gramatikuli movlenaTa erTgvarovani procesi
qarTvelur enebSi, ikv., VI, Tb., 1954;
Tofuria v., -enj sufiqsi megrulSi, enimkis moambe, I, Tb.,
1937;
Tofuria v., qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi fonetikis zogier-
Ti sakiTxi, ike, XII, T., 1960;
ingoroyva p., eqskursi WaneT-lazeTis istoriis sakiTxTa ga-
mo, giorgi merCule, 1954.
kartozia g., kavSirebiTTa warmoebisaTvis megrulSi, Tsu
studentTa samecniero Sromebis krebuli, 3, Tb.,
1958;
kartozia g., erTi Tandebulis genezisisaTvis megrulSi, qar-
Tvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, t. II, Tb.,
1961;
kartozia g., megrulis ni (<ini) `rom~ kavSiris genezisisaT-
vis, qess, t. VI, Tb., 1996;
kartozia g., lazuri ena da misi adgili qarTvelur enaTa
sistemaSi, Tb., 2004;
kartozia g., lazuri teqstebi (aTinuri kilokavis nimuSebi),
macne, #4, 1970.
kartozia g., lazuri teqstebi, II, mecniereba, Tb., 1993.
kaWarava g., sxvaTa sityvis nawilakebi qarTulsa da zanur-
Si, Tsu studentTa samecniero Sromebis krebu-
li, V, Tb., 1950;
kiziria an., martivi winadadebis Sedgeniloba qarTvelur
enebSi, Tb., 1982;
lamberti don arqanjelo, samegrelos aRwera; italiuridan
Targmna al. Wyoniam, Tb. 1991
lomTaTiZe q., -q sufiqsisaTvis megrul zmnebSi, iberiul-kav-
kasiuri enaTmecniereba, I, 1946.
392
lomTaTiZe q., èrTi~ ricxviTi saxelis istoriisaTvis qar-
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Tb., 1963;
lomTaZe a. brunebis TaviserurebaTa istoriisaTvis megrul-
Si, Tb., 1987;
lomia m., hipotaqsis sakiTxebi megrulSi, Tb., 2005;
makalaTia s. samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, Tb., 1941;
margvelaSvili m., myofadis warmoebisaTvis megrulSi, Tsu
Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi 23, Tb.,
1980.
mayaSvili a., botanikuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1961;
maWavariani g., ‘uniSno vnebiTi’ qarTvelur enebSi, qarTvelur
enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, I, 1959;
maWavariani g., qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi gramatika, leq-
ciebis kursi, Tb., 2003;
nozaZe l., TanxmovanTSesatyvisobis erTi SemTxvevis gamo
qarTvelur enebSi, ike, XXX, 1992;
nadareiSvili l., mimReoba zanurSi, ike, XII, 1962;
nadareiSvili l., masdaris warmoebis Sesaxeb WanurSi, ike,
XVIII, Tb., 1970;
JRenti s., Wanuri teqstebi, arqabuli dialeqti, 1938;
JRenti s., guruli kilo, 1939;
JRenti s., zanizmebi gurul zmnebSi, enimkis moambe, V-VI,
1940;
JRenti s., labializebul TanxmovanTa sakiTxisaTvis qar-
Tvelur enebSi, enimkis moambe, X, 1941;
JRenti s., `r~ fonema megrul_WanurSi, saq. mec. ak. moambe,
t. X (2), 1949;
JRenti s., n/(m) bgeraTa ganviTarebis safuZveli megrul-Wa-
nurSi xSul-mskdomTa win, saq. mecn. akad.-is mo-
ambe, t. X (7), 1949;
JRenti s., megrul-Wanuri vokalizmi, iberiul-kavkasiuri
enaTmecniereba, IV, 1952;
JRenti s. Wanur-megrulis fonetika, Tb., 1953;
393
rogava g., afxazur-ubixur-adiReuri ga sufiqsi PRIVATI-
VUM megrulSi, saq. mecn. akad.-is moambe, t. III
(6), 1942;
rogava g., zanuri baR (baR-un –eyofa, kmara) zmnis etimo-
logiisaTvis, saq. mecn. akad.-is moambe, t. IV
(6), 1943;
rogava g., disimilaciuri dezafrikatizaciis erTi saxeoba
zanurSi, Tsu Sromebi, t. XXXBb-XXXI b. 1947;
rogava g., hipotaqsis sakiTxisaTvis qarTulSi, quTaisis
pedinstitutis Sromebi, t. 8, Tb., 1948;
rogava g., qarTvelur enaTa bgeraTSesatyvisobidan: megru-
li –r: qarTuliG-g, saq. mecn. akad.-is moambe, t.
X (8), 1949;
rogava g., naafiqsari d-s fonetikuri saxecvlileba da ze-
ca fuZis agebulebis sakiTxi, quTaisis pedins-
titutis Sromebi, XI, 1952-3;
rogava g., qarTvelur enaTa fonetikis istoriul-Sedare-
biTi Seswavlis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, iberiul-
kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, t. IV, 1953;
rogava g. dro-kiloTa meoTxe jgufis nakveTebi qarTve-
lur enebSi, ike, t. V, Tb., 1953;
rogava g. qarTvelur enaTa fonetikis istoriul-Sedare-
biTi Seswavlis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, ike, IX-X,
Tb., 1958;
rogava g., zedsarTavis TanabrobiTi xarisxis gaqvavebuli
formebi qarTulSi, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmec-
niereba, t. IX-X, Tb., 1958;
rogava g., qarTuli r, megruli j, qarTvelur enaTa
struqturis sakiTxebi, I, 1959;
rogava g., bgeraTSesatyvisobaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebisaT-
vis qarTvelur enebSi, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaT-
mecniereba, XII, 1961;
rogava g., qarTvelur enaTa istoriuli fonetikis sakiT-
xebi, I, Tb, 1962;
394
rogava g., arqauli tipis hipotaqsis gadmonaSTebi qarTve-
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rogava g., zanuri -ni kavSir-nawilakis kvali Wanur dia-
leqtSi, ike, t. XXVII, Tb, 1988;
samuSia k., qarTuli zepirsityviereba, megruli nimuSebi,
Tb., 1990;
saxokia T., megruli andazebi da gamoTqmebi, ike, XXVIII,
Tb., 1989;
feinrixi h., sarjvelaZe z., qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri
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qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, prof. arn. Ciqobavas
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qarTuli enis leqsika, masalebi megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni-
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àia~, #1, Tb., 1997;
qarTuli xalxuri sityviereba, megruli teqstebi, t. I,
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qajaia o., megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, t. I-III, Tb., 2001-
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qobalava b., megruli sityvawarmoebidan, ike, XXI, 1979.
qobalava b., ªpirTa fonemuri struqturisaTvis
megrulSi, ike, XXV, 1986;
qobalava b., kavSirebiTi kilo megrulSi, enaTmecnierebis sa-
kiTxebi #4 (12), 2001;
quTelia n., A da B sistemis harmoniuliµjgufebi megrul-
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quTelia n., TanxmovanTkompleqsebi lazurSi, "macne" (enisa
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quTelia n., harmoniul kompleqsTa sistema lazurSi. addl.
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quTelia n., lazuris fonematuri struqtura, Tb., 2005;
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megrulSi, tfilisis universitetis moambe, #1,
1919;
395
yifSiZe i., WaneTSi mogzauroba, enimkis moambe, I, 1937;
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yifSiZe i., Wanuri teqstebi, 1941 (gamosca Ciqobavam);
SaniZe a., ‘topadis’ etimologiisaTvis, enimkis moambe, I,
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SaraZeniZe T., svanur-qarTul-zanuri Sesatyvisobis zogierTi
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Sengelia v., nasesxebi leqsikis adaptaciisaTvis megrulSi,
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Serozia r., no- prefiqsian zmnaTa funqciis sakiTxebisaTvis
megrulSi, krebuli: zogadi da iberiul-kavkasi-
uri enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1978;
Serozia r., memiSiSi o., megruli da lazuri andazebi,
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Celebi evlia, mogzaurobis wigni. nakvTi I, 1971;
Ciqobava a., -on sufiqsi megrulSi, Tsu moambe, VI, 1926;
Ciqobava a., Wanuri teqstebi. xofuri kilokavi, tfilisis
universitetis gamocema, X, 1929;
Ciqobava a., Wanuris gramatikuli analizi, Tb., 1936;
Ciqobava a., potencialisis kategoria qarTvelur enebSi,
enimkis moambe, I, 1937;
Ciqobava a., saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba qarTvelur
enebSi, Tb., 1942;
Ciqobava a., war preverbis mniSvnelobisaTvis qarTulSi,
enimkis moambe, I, 1937;
Ciqobava a., Wanur-megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi leqsikoni,
Tb., 1938;
Ciqobava a., prof. ioseb yifSiZe da Wanuris mecnieruli
Seswavla, prof. ioseb yifSiZe, Wanuri teqstebi,
Tb., 1939;
396
Ciqobava a., qarTuli Zval fuZis zanuri SesatyvisisaTvis,
saq. mec. ak. moambe, t. I (1), 1940.
Ciqobava a., Wanuri myofadis warmoebisaTvis, saq. mec. ak.
moambe, t. V (1), 1944.
Ciqobava a., megrul-Wanuri vokalizmi, ikeE IV. 1952.
Cuxua m. qarTvelur ena-kiloTa SedarebiTi leqsikoni,
Tb., 2000-2003 ww.;
canava a., qarTuli zepirsityvierebis sakiTxebi (megruli
masalebis mixedviT), Tb., 1970;
cikolia m., megrulis samurzayanul-zugdiduri kilokavis
fonetikuri mimoxilva. afxazeTis enis, litera-
turisa da istoriis institutis Sromebi,
XXV, soxumi, 1954;
cxadaia p., aTasi megruli toponimi, Tb., 2005;
cxadaia p., qarTveluri enebis dasavluri areali (kolxuri
anu zanuri), Tbilisi, 1999;
Waraia p., megruli dialeqtis naTesaobrivi damokidebule-
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1895; I, 1896, tfilisi;
Waraia p., qarTul-megruli da megrul-qarTuli Sedarebi-
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varTaTvis), Sedgenili p. Waraias mier (xelnawe-
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Waraia p. megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tb., 1997;
xalxuri sibrZne, I, megruli da lazuri andazebi (Seadgines
r. Seroziam da o. memiSiSma), Tb., 1994;
xubua m., megruli teqstebi, Tb., 1939;
xubua m., Te nawilakis bunebisa da mniSvnelobisaTvis meg-
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xubua m., mtkicebiTi qo nawilakis xmarebisaTvis megrul-
Si, saq. mec. ak. moambe, t. III (6), 1942;
xubua m., uaryofiTi nawilaki va megrulSi, saq. mec. ak.
moambe, t. III (7), 1942;
xubua m., rig TanxmovanTa cvlilebisaTvis qarTvelur
enebSi, saq. mec. ak. moambe, t. V (2), 1944;
397
xubua m., sparsuli warmoSobis sityvebi megrulSi, saq.
mec. ak. moambe, t. VI (9), 1945;
javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli da kavkasiuri enebis Tavdapirveli
buneba da naTesaoba, tfilisi, 1937;
jiqia s., Turqul-lazuri enobrivi urTierTobidan. 2
Turquli sintaqsuri kalkebi lazurSi. krebuli
"orioni", akaki SaniZes, Tb., 1967;
jiqia s., Turqul-lazuri enobrivi urTierTobidan. 4
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400

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ქართული ენის საერთაშორისო ცენტრი (ICGL) ფინანსური მხარდაჭერისთვის

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© რ. ამირეჯიბი-მალენი, ნ. დანელია, ი. დუნდუა, 2006

გამომცემლობა „უნივერსალი“, 2006;

Cemi maswavleblis, SemdgomSi ki ufrosi kolegis, ga-

kolxuris mniSvneloba qarTvelur

kolxur (megrul-Wanur) enas didi mniSvneloba aqvs

kolxuris adgili qarTvelur enaTa jgufSi

qarTvelur enaTa jgufi, romelic iberiul-kavkasiur

Wanuris mimarTeba megrulTan

rac ufro Rrmad vwvdebiT enis istorias, miT ufro aS-

megruls uWiravs odiSis zegani da TiTqmis mTeli

lazeTis mokle istoria:

kolxizmebi gurulsa da imerulSi:

Wanuri da megruli erTmaneTis mimarT kiloebia da, Ta-

Wanuris kilokavuri diferenciacia:

WanurSi gamoiyofa 3 kilokavi: aTinuri, viwur-arqabu-

xofuri viwur-arqabuli aTinuri

viwur-arqabuli aTinuri xofuri

garda zemoaRniSnulisa, TiToeuli kilokavisTvis dama-

biparamiTam (arqab.) Sdr. xofuri: bRaRalaf,

megrulis kilokavuri Sedgeniloba:

megrulSi gamoiyofa ori kilokavi: senakuri da zugdi-

zugdidur-samurzayanulisTvis (MZ) damaxasiaTebeli

senakurisaTvis (S) damaxasiaTebeli movlenebia:

TiTqmis xuTi aseuli wlis manZilze Turqi asimilato-

somxuris gavlena umniSvneloa. yifSiZes aqvs dadastu-

megrulze yvelaze Zlieri gavlena qarTulma moaxdina:

samurzayanulSi afxazuri sityvebicaa Sesuli:

magram aris piriqiTac: somxurs kolxuridan aqvs SeT-

svanuris gavlena leqsikaSi umniSvneloa (piriqiT ki

pirveli adgili drois mixedviT megruli sityvebisa da

kolxuris bgeriTi Sedgeniloba.

kolxurSi aris yvela is bgera, rac qarTulSi moipove-

kolxurs qarTulis msgavsad aqvs Cveulebrivi martivi

a e i (Á) _ wina rigisa da zeda aweulobis

kolxurSi gansakuTrebiT mdidradaa warmodgenili aRma-

kolxuris TanxmovanTa sistema imeorebs qarTulis Tan-

xofuri viwur-arqabuli aTinuri

agreTve xofuri kikiliki (<`yiyliyo~).

Suaenis (=enis zurgis Sua nawilis) magari sasis mi-

i. yifSiZem specialurad Seiswavla megrulSi asimila-

kolxurSi disimilacia sakmaod gavrcelebuli proce-

J>j: jur (aTin. `ori~), jurneC `ormoci~, manjura

g. rogavam specialurad Seiswavla es sakiTxi (`disimi-

1 `daWvi~ dasturdeba samurzayanulSi _ SeniSvna r. abaSiasi.

anu bgeraTCanacvleba araa kanonzomieri fonetikuri

metaTezisi gansakuTrebiT axasiaTebs megruls: obri

reduqcia kolxurs nakleb axasiaTebs. igi Tavidanve

xofuri viwur-arqabuli aTinuri

aseve, xofurSi daSorebiTi brunvis daboloeba ar kar-

Wanurisgan gansxvavebiT, megruls midrekileba aqvs

kolxuris srulxmovnoba, romelic fuZis ukumSvelobas

miRebulia azri, rom megrul-Wanuri srulxmovnoba

zogadad mokled SevCerdebiT marcvlis agebulebaze.

dRemde, rac ki enaSi mtkice enaTmecnierul monapovrad

qarTuli: Z w c z s e a (i) j W C S (r) (l)

Z : j: ZaR-l-i/joR-or-i; Zv-el-i/jv-eS-i (Wan. mjveSi),

viwur-arqabuli, aTinuri o = xofuri, senakuri i = zugdi-

u/o : i SesatyvisobaSi pirveladia u/o. i Semdegaa miRebu-

arsebiTi saxelis brunvebi da bruneba

kolxurSi yvela is brunva gvaqvs, rac qarTulSia, wo-