The Political Development of all India

congress of 1885

Submitted To:
Professor Dr. AKM Golam Rabbani
Submitted By:
Sanjida

1721129630

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 Latter of Acknowledgement

25th May 2020

To

Professor Dr. AKM Golam Rabbani (AGR2)

Department of History, North South University

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Subject: Online assignment submission.

Respected Sir,

It is an honor and pleasure for me to present you the final report which is on the political
development of all India congress of 1885. Throughout the report I had try to analyze which
helped me to gain an in-depth knowledge about the political development of all India congress. I
have tried my level best to make the report informative, and as precise as possible. Finally,
thanks to Professor Dr. golam rabbani Sir who has equally put on his time and effort and even
more to consistently guide, suggest and support me throughout the semester. Undoubtedly this
project would not have been possible without you.

I am thankful to you for giving me such an amazing project which is really very interesting.

Thank you.

Sincerely

Atia Sanjida
Abstract
 Table of Content

Details Page no

Introduction 1

Background 2

History of all India congress 3

India before the Indian national congress 4

Mahatma Gandhi and Indian national congress 4

India gains its independence 5

National congress after the independence 5

Review 6

Conclusion 7

Reference 8
 Introduction
In December1885, the First Session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay,
consisting of 72 members. Congress has become a forum for politically-driven citizens engaged
in change, much less a political organisation. In the first twenty years, Congress did not struggle
for democracy or autonomy, considered a 'liberal period,' but rather for greater democratic
control throughout the Empire. After the Bengal Party of 1905, the Congress had become more
vocal and active, and eventually articulated demands for absolute independence from Britain, in
seeking fundamental constitutional reform.

Much of the Congress' original members were taught or resided in Britain and necessarily Allan
Octavian Hume. All of the students in London included Badruddin Tyabji, W. C. Bonnerjee,
Surendranath Bannerjea, Pherozeshah Mehta and the brothers Manomohun and Lalmohan
Ghose.

Congress had a British Committee in London that was established in 1889 as a British lobby
group. When Dadabhai Naoroji was an MP in London, Dadabhai was affiliated with their
parliamentary pressure party. In 1890, the group began publishing India, a monthly free
publication which summarized Indian news for British media and politicians.

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 Background
Indian National Congress Founded by a narrowly-based political bourgeoisie in 1885, the Indian
National Congress (INC) slowly evolved from the early 20th century into a broad-based
nationalist organization. The Anglo-Indian protest against the Albert Act under Lord Ripon's
viceroyalty helped to underline the importance of an all-India democratic association, because
the English-educated leaders in India tried to talk directly and authoritatively to the British
rulers, Surendranath Benerjee who played a key role in the organization of nationalist.

Originally the Indian National Congress had no year-round involvement and was mostly
participating in its annual meetings. The members were primarily Hindus of the upper caste, and
their representatives came mostly from the legal profession. Popular for their allegiance to the
Raj, they didn't want revolutionary kinds of constitutional or social reform and were involved in
getting any influence on administration of policy and human life systems. Until 1905, these
moderate leaders were confined by 'prayer-petition-protest' to political agitation.

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 History of all India Congress (1885-1890)
First session of congress: The conference is retitled the National Indian Congress on 28
December 1885 and the Tejpal Tejpal Sanskrit College in Mumbai is made up of 72 social
reformers, journalists and lawyers.

Second session: The second Congress meeting was held in Calcutta and was led by Dadabhai
Naoroji. Up to 434 delegates were present. The Congress decided to set up Regional Committees
around the country at the end of the session.

Sixth session: In his speech to the President, Pherozeshah Mehta said: 'The more he gets
attached to the land that gave birthright to Parsi, the greater is he linked up to the brotherhood of
the children of his country and their love for them, the stronger and real Parsi is because a
Mohammedan or a Hindu is a real Mohammedan or a Hindu.

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 India before the Indian National Congress (British Raj)

The term 'British Raj' refers to the time that Britain ruled India as a colony of the British Empire.
The fact that this was between 1858 and 1947 is widely believed. In the northern Indian
languages, the term "raj" literally translates into "law."

Almost all in modern India had British Rajs, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Ruled by British Rajs. In
addition, India has been divided into many provinces under British direct control, governed by
British administrative officials. The British India was called by historians by these provinces.
India was a major part of the British Empire in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Mahatma Gandhi and Indian National Congress

The protests in 1920 in Indian demanding that British Imperialism end in 1920 become the
founders of the Indian National Congress began by Mahatma Ghandi. Savearj in principle means
self-government, or self-government, with Gandhi asking India to acquire independence from
British imperial rule, with others from the Indian Independence Movement. He did so in
numerous ways, but Gandhi is best known for his campaign of civil non-cooperation based on
disobedience.

Civil disobedience usually happens when individuals are unjust or unequal to the orders or rules
of a society. When Indians stopped cooperating with British laws and forced British people to
change instead of to reverse India was considered to become independent and enter swaraj. But
by a non-cooperation campaign, (Swaraj), the Indians refused to abide by the English laws, could
Indians achieve self-government.

Gandhi's non-cooperative movement focused on British economic and political domination of

India. The people of India had to practice civil disobedience by non-violence in order to force
Britons out of India.

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 India Gains its Independence
The Congress Party saw its transition to independence and its dissolution. It confronted the
challenges posed to it by government, a growing and massive population, opposition within its
own rank, new power needs, the emergence of religious and ethnic political interests and
ultimately a transformed world scene with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the spread of
globalization and free market conditions. The phases of this process can be divided into: party
institutionalization, 1947-67; party rupture and political factions, 1967-1989; The
institutionalizing of parties.

National Congress after the Independence

India's biggest political forces after independence were the Indian National Congress. In fact, at
the recent independent national elections in 1952 the Indian National Congress retained the
highest share of power. India stayed in power until the second election round in 1977 had been
defeated. Since 1977, the Indian National Congress has been in power at different points,
including during coalitions with other political parties. In India and an important member of the
Indian parliament, the Indian National Congress remains a significant political force today.

After Gandhi 's death in 1948, Jawaharlal Nehru became president of the Indian National
Congress. In the early 20th century, he was an important party figure and was a leading figure
with Gandhi. Indeed, following his expulsion from the Party, Gandhi supported Nehru's leading
in the National Indian Congress. Nehru was India's first prime minister between 1947 and his
death in 1964. During his tenure as prime minister in India, Nehru was active in the Indian
economy and in empowering the working class.

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 Review
The party was also condemned to vote in the Hindus on the grounds of the ruins of a Hindu
temple and was sentenced to loss of electoral assistance within the Muslim community due to the
temporary response to the demolition of the historically important mosque, Babri Masjid, in
northern India.

The conflict that resulted in disturbance and the subsequent death of several thousand people
alienated the Muslim community from Congress and also alienated the economic impact on
major agricultural communities by public economic policy. The 1996 elections led to the loss of
the Congress in the election and the increase in the Bharatiya Janata (BJP) Hindu-centrist party,
which dominated the number of parliamentary seats for the first time.

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 Conclusion
Comments and analyzes during the years of opposition and preparations for the 2004 elections
portrayed Congress as a party in its final phase, a party without a distinctive programmer,
without effective leadership, without any justifiable claim to recent achievement, and without an
electoral base that would allow it to play a significant role in national politics, let alone the
Nation.

Seven of the election were held by Congressional voters, with the BJP and the state parties the
highest in four, while the Communist Party of India (PCM) first in one. In this election, the
Congress was the largest number of Legislature members. In eight states, the state parties ran in
2nd place, with Congress being 2nd in 5, BJP in 2 and CPM in 1. But only eight states had a
single party returned with a majority of MLAs.

And the election performance of the Congress Party at the elections in 2004 was a shock. The
BJP, the BJP and its partners, the main "right-of-center" alliance in India's national politics,
continues to be a Regional Alliance of State Parties, mostly diverse coalitions.

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 Reference
i. https://www.inc.in/en/inc-timeline/1885-1895

ii. http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Indian_National_Congress

iii. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/asia-and-africa/south-asian-history/congress-party