Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Operations Management
6th Edition
R. Dan Reid & Nada R. Sanders
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Objectives
2
Define layout planning and explain its importance.
Identify and describe different types of layouts.
Describe the steps involved in designing a process
layout.
Describe the two special cases of process layout.
Describe the steps involved in designing a product
layout.
Explain the meaning of group technology (cell) layouts.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
What Is Layout Planning?
3
Deciding the best physical arrangement of all resources that
consume space within a facility
Facility resource arrangement can significantly affect
productivity
Two broad categories of operations:
Intermittent processing systems – low volume of many different
products
Repetitive processing systems – high volume of a few standardized
products
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Types of Layouts
4
Four basic layout types:
Process layouts Group similar resources together
based on similar processes/functions
Product layouts Designed to produce a specific
product efficiently
Hybrid layouts Combine aspects of both process and
product layouts
FixedPosition layouts Product is two large to move;
e.g. a building
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Process Layouts
5
Unique characteristics include:
Resources used are general purpose Examples:
Facilities are less capital intensive Hospital
University
Facilities are more labor intensive Metalworking shop
Resources have greater flexibility Department store
Processing rates are slower Tool & Die Manuf.
Material handling costs are higher WalMart
Scheduling resources & work flow is more complex
Space requirements are higher
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Product Layouts
6
Unique characteristics are:
Resources are specialized Examples:
Assembly lines
Facilities are capital intensive See’s Candies
Processing rates are faster Cafeterias
Car Wash
Material handling costs are lower Toyota
Space requirements for inventory storage are lower
Flexibility is low relative to the market
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Process vs. Product Layouts
7
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hybrid Layouts
8
Combine elements of both product & process
layouts
Maintain some of the efficiencies of product layouts
Maintain some of the flexibility of process layouts
Group technology or cell layouts
Identification of parts of the process layout operation that
can be standardized and produce them in a product layout
format Examples:
Winnebago
Retail stores
Grocery stores
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FixedPosition Layout
9
Used when product is large
Product is difficult or impossible to move, i.e. very
large or fixed
All resources must be brought to the site
Scheduling of crews and resources is a challenge
Examples:
Construction
Dam
Bridge
Shipbuilding
Aircraft Manuf.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Designing Process Layouts
10
Step 1: Gather information:
Space needed, space available, identify closeness measures
(Fromto Matrix, REL, SLP)
Step 2: Develop alternative block plans:
Using trialanderror or decision support tools (loaddistance
model, ALDEP, CRAFT)
Step 3: Develop a detailed layout:
Consider exact sizes/shapes of departments and work centers
including aisles and stairways
Tools like drawings, 3D models, and CAD software are
available to facilitate this process
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.