Wireless Computer Networks (WCN)

ME (Computer Engineering) 1st Semester

Submitted By :

Ghanshyam I Prajapati (09 CP 09)

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Chapter – 5 : Network Planning

Problem – 5.6

(a) Determine the carrier-to-interference ratio, in dB, of a cellular system with a frequency
reuse factor of K= 7.
(b) Repeat (a) for K = 4.
(c) If we consider multi-symbol QAM modulation for the digital transmission of the
information, how many more bits per symbol can be transmitted with K = 4 as
compared with K = 7 architecture ?

Solution :

The carrier-to-interference (C/I) is also known as signal-to-interference ration (Sr). This

can be approximated using the following formula :

Sr = (3/2) * N2 ------------------------------------------------ (1)

If we convert the Sr given in equation (1) in dB, we obtain,

Sr = 10 log (3/2) + 20 log (20)

Sr = 1.76 + 20 log(N) ---------------------------------------(2)

Where Sr = carrier-to-interference ratio and
N = frequency reuse factor (in our problem N is
replaced by K ie N and K are having same meanings)

(a)

First of all, let us concentrate the hexagonal cellular architecture with frequency reuse
factor of K = 7 (shown in figure 1)
 Now , find Sr in dB for K = 7 (ie N = 7) so Rewriting formula for Sr from
equation (2) is :

Sr = 1.76 + 20 log(N)

Here N = 7 is given so directly substituting this value in above equation, we get,

B
B C G
C G A
A D F
D F E
E B
C G
A
D F
E

(Figure 1 : Hexagonal cellular system with a frequency reuse factor of K = 7)

Sr = 1.76 + 20 log(7)

= 1.76 + 16.902

= 18.662 dB

So for K = 7, Sr = 18.662 dB

(b)

Figure -2 shows hexagonal cellular architecture with a frequency reuse factor of K = 4,

A
D C
A B A
D C D C
B A B
D C
B

(Figure 2 : Hexagonal cellular system with a frequency reuse factor of K = 4)

 Let us find Sr in dB for K = 4 (ie N = 4) therefore, rewriting formula for Sr from
equation (2) is :

Sr = 1.76 + 20 log(N)

Here N = 4 is given so directly substituting this value in above equation, we get,

Sr = 1.76 + 20 log(4)

= 1.76 + 12.042

= 13.802 dB

So for K = 4, carrier-to-interference ratio, Sr = 13.802 dB

(c)

If we are having frequency reuse factor of K = 7 ie in a cluster there would

be 7 cells or 7 cells form one cluster while in case of K = 4, only four cells are
required to form a cluster. And we know that if reuse factor is less then that cellular
architecture supports more simultaneous users, therefore if we consider multi-symbol
QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) for the digital transmission of the
information, 3 more bits per symbol can be transmitted with K = 4 as compared with
K = 7 architecture.

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