ERw] ITl

UN LY
Týý ýýýýýýýG!

p ETRONAS

COURSE PABIO42/PCBIO12 INTRODUCTION TO OIL AND GAS

AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

DATE 1QrhSEPTEMBER 2Q11(SATURDAY)

TiME s.ooAM- 11.Oaann(2 HOURS)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Answer ALL ýýýýýýýýsfrom the Questions Book'et.

.
Begin EACH answer on a new page Änthe Answer Bookiet.
ýnthcatý ýýearýýy
answers that are canceIIed, iýany.
Where appaýýabe, ýýýýwcIearIy steps taken in arriving at the solutions and
. ý
ýýýýcatý ALL ýssumptwons.
5ý ýýýnot ýýýýýthis ýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýý instructed.
ýýýýýý

Note : There are TWENTY ONE (21) pages in this Questan Booklet including
the cover ýýýe and appendix.

UzaI.vEýrs I t: I 'r(. 4wrýc;I

) og I 'RONAS
PE'"ý:
 ýýý ýýýý/PýBIOI2

ýýýýýýONE (1) best answer or each ýueston Answer ALL questions.

ýýý ýý internatýonaC
oil cornpanýesobtain a Icense'ý
.
in a Hcensinground
A. By ýýýdthng
B. Through threct negotiations with governments or natýonajoi companies
c By taking over other cornpanies and inherftýng their ticense
ýý AU of the above

2. Most oýf ýs produced between temperatures of 60 and I 20 degrees C, at a

depth rarýýý known as the:
A: oi window
B. ýdepth
C, Oi range
D. Ofl bracket

in the subsurface, oil and gas accumulate:

A. In arge holes, lýke caves and caverns
Bln pockets, a few hundred meters below the seafloor
cIn dune sand in Mddre eastern deserts
CLthe pores of host rocks
,

ýý A petroleum system comprises:

ýw A source rock, a reservoir rock, a seasand a trap
B. A basin, a source rock, a migration path and a reservoir rock
c* An oil fie1d, a We1ira pipeUne and a refinery
w
D. All ýý the above

Processes nvoIýýý ýýý petroleum system ýnclude:

A. Generationw rnägration, accurnuatiýý and preservation
B. Transformation, migration, entrapment and retention

aturatIon generation, migration and accumulation

11 None of the above

r
 P.ýýýý 042/PCBI 012

ýý 'POS" refers to:

Aý Presence Of Source rock
ýý ýýýýýýýýýýýýýý
On Site
Of Success
ProbabRR'äty
D. Petrýýýýeurýý
On Sate

7. The source rocks that generate oNland gas are rich in organic rnatterwThis
organic matter comes from:
A. The decomposition ýý thnosaurs in 4ake,swamp and river secwments
ýw The accurnuýatlonand decomposon of marine ýplankton at the bottom of
deep oceans
c The accurnulation of bird droppings on uninhabited offshore islands
D. The accumulation, over rnällions of yearsn of extraterrestrial dust and

meteorites.

& Recoverable volurýýý of oi refer to:

A. The volume of oil that can be recovered using current technology
6w The volýýýýý of oýl that carý he recovered during a production test
cW The ýokirýý of oil that can be recovered using special methods
ii The volurne or o11that can he recovered alter an oäl splll

9W Seýsrnicrecords are measured in:

A. Distance
B, Depth
Time
D. ýýýof the above

1o At the present trne, rýýýýwah1eenergy sources provide:

A. Less than 10% of the total world energy supply
a 20 to 25% othe total world energy supply
c. About 50ý'%
ý of the total world energy supply
D. More than 75% of the world energy supply
 ýý61042ýPCI3I 012

11M NonýconventýnnýIovM isP:

A. Opýthat does not figure on 1nternatýonaConventwonson Energy
B. OU that ýs produced or extracted using techniques other than the traditional

oil weH method.

C`ý
Qrlthat has a nonýconventionaIc4"ýemýýýý
composition
D Oil that ýýýýý ýýkeanother ýýqthd

12ý ýýý can be transformed into a liquid

.
A. Through a process caIled GTL (Gas to liquid), ýn which hydrocarbon
fractions 6nthen gas are ýothfled to become llquid
B. Through compression and cooling of dry gas to produce LNG
c. Through cornpressýonof assodated gas, to produce LPG
bAII of the above
ý

13 6iofues can be produced:

A. From ýýýýts that produce sugar and starch
B. From boogica compounds extracted from dead anýrnais
From garbage and unused parts of agrýcuIturaI products
!r!!
DM ,From fruits rich in juice.

14 Wind Energy;
Aý sa new type of energy that had not been used before the 2O century*
Req'uäresinstaUingarge quantities of very expensive windmUisw
C. s economica6 with today"s techno'ogy.
D. Has no environmental disadvantage.

I 5. Which of the following techniques is NOT ýýýskiered as a secondary recovery

process?
A, Gas cap drive
.
Bw.Water injection
cFormataon water re-injection
0. None of the above

4
 ýýýýýýýýýPCBYO'II2

16. Porosity is a measure of:

A. Production capcty of reservoir rocks
ýWettýbWty of the reservoir rocks
Storage capacity of the reservoir rocks
D. None of the above

17w During aIý ýOR processes, one or two variabl'es of Darcy equation s
rnanipu'atýýý Which of the ýýýýowpng
is NO'"1"`
one of those var6ab1es?
Ä!!!!!!!!!
Pernýýabwýmtý
ýVdýýýýslly
cw Cross sectýona9area to flow
0* None of the above

Questions I 8-20 refer to the figure be'ow.

-------1

18N Section1 indicates the:

4

ýNqh
AChrstmas tree.
BWTubing.
cw Stock tank.
I,, None of the above.
 ýýýýýýý/PCB1012

I9 ý"
Section 7 indicates the:
li,
i
2 phase separator
B. 3 phase separator
c Christmas tree
D. None of the above

20. Packer s indicated by:

A Section 4
8. Section 1
C. Section 5
D None of the above

21 Oil flow rate is measured in

N

the unit of
A. MMCFD
ýIN
Bbif day

rw Cubic ftiday
D. Ga! on/day

22 OMP
flow rate is measured by using
A. Thermometer
B,. Pressure gauge
C. Separator
how

meter

23. Gas äscflschargedfrom of the separator

Top
!!!
!!
8 Bottom
c* Mdcfle
D Base

24w Metering system is a system which is used for measuring

ýiIM in the flow Une

IW Pressure
Bw Voiurnetric fkw rate of oUor gas
C. Temperature of flow iýrýe
a 'ýýedfic gravity of the fluki

6
 PABI '042IPCB1012

25 Christrýýýý ýýýý an ýýsernbty of ýýýýýý and flttings attached on týý ýý welý head
WMN

from to
oil one p'ace another

A. Transpcnt
ýýýparate produced fluid into different phases.
C:
ýIIýIIIICýY'I' Reguiate flow of ýIýcýNýid.
!ýý
ýýýýýý ýý the flow of oil and gas.

26. is an assernb4yof vaIves and fittings which are used for regulaUng
_ ______
ffaýý ofoiý and cja
A Separator
B. ýýedCý ýý've
c. Diaphragm motor va've
D. Christmas tree

27 One ýýýýýýý of transporting crude rai from to

one place another can be done
by using a
k Rotary meter
BM Positäve displacement meter
ýwPump

. D. Elbow

"' 8ý A is used for ýýanýýýrUng gas to long distance in case of nsufficierit

pressure.,
A. Gas engine
ýýýýý.
ýýMCompressor
c Diesel engine
Dw Eectricrnotor

29r ýýýpilant structure s nc1ýýýýýýn

_
ýr, ý
ýý Fixed iaci1mýýýýý
B. Floating ýacO(ftýes
ýý ýýýýýýýefacýläUe
D. Sub-sea facilýties
7
 I

PAýýýýý/PCB 1012

3O Wehead area ýýýýýýýýof ýýýthe ýýýýý except:

A. Casnnghead
B. Tubing bead
C. Christmas tree
P'ýpeý
ýne

31. Which of the foowing is the last step in the sequence of driý!ing operation?
ýý ýern entinting production casing
ýý
., Bw DrWing production hole
/'''
Cw RUrw& set liner
D. Cement liner

3 2. What is the main function of shale shaker?

A. Removes entrained gas bubbIýý
ýýýýýýýýs fine partMces
Cw
! Removes granular wastes
i
uRemoves drH cuttýngs
OrdOiýýil

33, Jackup rigs are used in drMffing

where water depth s tess than
A. ýý0 meter
B 500 meter
ý: 100 meter
'''"ý
!!
,,!!!!
ýw 200 meter

34w baýýý
ýýýýýwn and travelUng biýýýýare consisted in . ý..
A. Gircuation System
!, Hoisting System
CwRotary System
ý, TransportaUon system

ýý. Rotary system is used for the purpose of ýý

A. Running and pulling equipmentinto and out of the welt.
S

!!!!!!!
Rotating drill string and být
dNlllý :
ýM CMýýýlatýng
drd4lrng
'ýýuki
D. Pumping water into the welI.
 PAB1042/PCBI 012

36 Which of the foUowhig is the function of mud pump?

A Transfers arge ýokime of driffirýýgfluid under high pressure
ß! Removes drNdý
j!!!!
cuttings from the d'riffinýýýuki
C. Fýýýýýývesfine parýýýc1es
from driUirýgfluid
0. Removes drifl cuttings from the draUingfluid

37. ýýýýý of the foUowengis not the size of avaUablestandard casings?

&36

B33
C3 O

+
24

M
dI

ýýý Which of the foiiowing iý the nornwnaiweight of 4 inches driai pipe?

A. 14M0
B. 17M0
c'pY

19M00
0

P'ýý

39 Which oý the foIbwirýý ýsdefindtionof travelling block?

A. An arrangement of sheaves
BA large hookshaped device
cýýýý
An ýýýernbly of pualeys called "sheavesAr
Dy An extýemeiy
rugged, heavy duty clamps

4O Which of the foIýowkngis not considered as ý part of overhead tools?

A. Crown block
B. Travelling block
IM

ýI
III
IIIII EIevator
D. Drýalingline

41. Describe petroleum reflnfrig.

A. It is a process for sorting the types of crude oil
Být is a process of distributing the most valuable oil products

r"
It is a process of separating thfferent products from the crude oýý
ýý
o"
,
0. Rsa process for increasing the value of certain oil products
«
9
 PýBI 0421PC61
012

42. What is the MAIN ýýýýctIveo1petroleum refýnlng:

A. To produce good products as much as possbe
,,,
ý. To maxwmMze transport ýýýýý
production of
r'
ý, To maxirnze the týchnoNogydeve!opment for profits
Diw

To
petrIwylleuI prod'ucýýon
'ac'c&e4ýte IIG

43. Which of the fýýýýýýýý is NOT a petroleum refinfrlg process?

A. ýýýtifiation
Product b'end6ng
c Cataytwccracking
D Su'phur reforming

44. What property plays a major role in separating products from crude oH?
A. Pour point
B. APý Gravýty
c. MeItö.
r7ug
point
Boiýýýýý
point

45 n crude oI, what constitutes paraffin?

A. Straight chain hydrocarbon
B Straight chain cycio'hydrocarbon
:ýýý
Straäght chain &nge bond hydrocarbon
D. Straight chain oýefin

4'6. The three basic steps Mnrefining are separatordtreatment and

A. Cracking
Conversion
ýýýBýý
rM Reforming
D. DesuIphurization

47ý What ýsone of the major raw rnaterýa for petrochemcaý production?
A. Ethylene gyco1
B. Ethano'
'"ý"'ý!
° , ý:thy'erýe
Nýý,
'ý°''ý
ýw Methane.

10
 'ýABýýýýýýýýBI 0'
12

48. The set of information about crude o quality is called:

A. An ýýýýý
B. ý ýýý
P An assay
ý!
!'
D. A product slate

49. (ABS) is a petrocherncaI product for

ýcry4orýýýrHeýButadiene-SRyrene

synthetic:
A. Crude o
B. Gasoiine
Rubber
0. Tyre

5O. An examp'e of the use of ,ýýýyvinýýchýoridý

(PVC) ýs:
A. Car bumper
B. nk
cw Car tyres
ý. ýhapr

5L How much of the wor'd oäýand ýýý production is estýrnated to be used ýn

petrochernýcai production?
A. 15%

B 5'0%
5%
25 ýýý
DN

52 Which of the followlng wýII NOT influence o6l prices in term of fMnanclýl
economics/markets?
A. Precipitous decline in the US Dollar
B. Excessive and uncontrolled speculation
!
: ý"IAýe
share of oll týýtý,
ýres contracts controlled by specýrlators at the New
ý

y^id ý o

York Mercantile
ýlý Exchange (NYMEX)
ýContinued instability and heightened security concerns in major oil and
gas producing countries,
Ii
 PAB1O42IPCBI012

53. Which of the fýýýýýýngare the key concerns that wrl'1give pressure to Malaysia
as the economy continues to brace external chauenges?
k! ýuý
''
iý, Rising MnflaUon
,ý Declining export
il°ý'
ý,,
iiiM Famýdng comrnodýty prices
ivw DecUningmndustria'ý
production
/: Pýungng consumer confidence

A. I and ie
Bý äiand i9i
ýý H miiand iv
D°wýýýof the above

54w Which of the following is the main actor in regu'ating worýdwideoiI price?
Ar UN

ýw
R'EA
cw tM'wlF

ýýiýw
OPEC

ýIIýIIIII

55 The oýaprice market n genera' tends to be

Aw ýýastkc

kielastic
c, Unit eastýr
11 ýerfectPy&astýc
E Perfectly ine'astic

56!. T'ýý ýeeperýýýý ýýýýýýýýý ýýeftdown weighs down heavy on the ýýýýomy4

ýýsa
ýýness
and the
N

ýº. Environment
B. C'ýýmate
change
° Consumer at arge
ii
,!
D Poiýtýýýý
uncertainty
 PAB 1042ýýýýBi 01 ý

57w ýýýý Curve Mode' has been ýev&oped by

A!k, Haýýýert
pete1

_ý. ý.
diýýir

k3 Schu1
1 Y+

C. Lorenz
D. PhUUps

58 The difference betºýýýýýýýýýý and Opex is that Capex

A. Is discounted at a different rate to ýýýý

B. Occurs only betbre first oiI ýsproduced, after which aI1expenditure is Opex
CMCan be aiwayý deducted from the tax Iiabty, whereas Opex can only be
deducted after tirst oU.
ReIates to the construction of ý system of production, whereas Opex
re%atesto the operation and maintenance of these systerns.

59. The 1973 011Shocks happens because of

A. Vorn Kippur War due to US support for ýsrae
Bw Higher price elasticity of demand ýrýýýv&oped countries
c SeI.Ier's cartels that affect the oH price
D. Opec caIIs for security of demand

6OW Which of the foiiowýncjfactors wiil impact expioratron and production (E&P) for
oii and gas industry due to current global recession?
A. Demand destruction
ýýi

Project become uneconomic

I8x

c Sharp and precipitous decline in prices

Dw inventory buNld-up/tankýtýýýýýýýýýy
surplus

61 Ali of the toibwing is the genera' observations of global oI demand EXCEPT:

M
A. Oiý demand more responsive to iýýorne than prices
Bý, Deveioping countries exhibit higher income &asticity than oecd
Responsiveness of oiý demand to Thcorýý ýýýýýýýýýýýý
ýýýýciaaly in oecd
countries
Dw Dollar ýýýýýýIuatonrýýýýýýýý supplies and
ýýýý incrýýýýýýthe demand foronl

I3
 ýýýý 042/PCB1012

62 Which of the following is an exampIe of measurement that can be taken by

ýocaaor natýonalgovernment to ýýýý ýev&opment more sustafriable?
A. BuUdingon green-fleadsites
B. inrreasing parking tacUities
:'"rIntroduction of rýýýýýýýýýschemes
D. More street Ughting

63. Which o the fomýowingcan be ciassifiýý as ý ýenewabiý ýýýýýgysource?

A. Nuclear
B. Oii

C. CoaI

D': 'Wind

64w Which of the ýoUowmngperspectives takes the strongest stance n support of

sustainability?
Aw Cornucopian
Deep ecoIogy
a!"Comrnunaist

D. Free market

ýýý Which of the ýoUowýng is

statements correct?
ASustainabe devebprnent ýs not necessary irýýýýýatib#e with
Iaduaiueconornic

growth.
B. Sustaýnabe devebpment implies that economc growth wiU have to
become negative.
ýý, Sustýýnabiedeveoprnent is concerned soexy with economic issues
D. ýýstainýýýý ýeveopment is another name for economic growth.

66w Which one of the ýoUowMnggases is not ýncuded s`n the category of

greenhouse gases'?
A Methane
B!: Hydrogen
,,
,ý
C. Carbon dioxde
DwNitrous oxrde.

14
 ýýýý ýýýýýýýýý1012

67. What s the official definition of Sustainable Deveoprnený?

A Reducing envfronrnentai impact
B Using messenergy in production
.AYýuYrýr tlM a +ý nna

ý°'"ýýý
uýýý ýconýýýrmc
aeveopnýýýý ýýýýý
ýaKesruwýýýgenýýanons ýntoaccount

ýýý Which one of the ýoflowfrýg countries contributes the highest rate of carbon
doxMdeemýssaon?
Ä: China
B. United Kingdom
c., India
D. United States

ýýý When was the notion of s4..dýtainab'e dewýýýprnent first ýýv&ýýýd?

i
'/y,

II ýM
ýý"ýý, 'ý/

B. 198ö"
cý
1992

7O What esb1ornass?
, rw

ý Electrpcalenergy obtained from the combustion of products produced

ý'W
by organic farming.
B All plantýýýýed material avaýQablefor oolQectronand recycling for the
production of energy.
c. A car battery manufactured from recycled plastic.

71. ýýýýýýýone of the ýýýýýýýýýis not a 'renewabJe'energy source?

A. So'ar
!
BýI c1
C. Wave
D. Wind

72. Which one is an Ändic;ýtor to Bodivýýýýýy Los

A. Forest extent expanding
ýý Water Bird ýýpu'ation increases
CI Gefletäý dvýersty o agrýcuturacrops increases
ýýsherles fufly exploited
,

15
 PAE31042/PCBIOI2

73. The toll'owäng is true for issues in sustainable ýev&oprnent EXCEPT:

A. I bilUon peopmedo not have access to cFean water
W3
B. 3 billion peop9e)acking access to adequate sanitation
C. 2 billion peopdedo not have access to eIectricity
bffl"ion peop'e in poor countries consume more than the worki
popu1aUon

7ýý S&ect the most probabie factor contributing to Biodiversity Loss

Causes of biodiversity not signffirantly addressed during dýv&opment

consideration
ýýýoo many people sharing the same resources on the p6anet
Cw 1ýýeffldentmanufacturing rate versus consumption rate
D. Lack of common sense during dýv&oprnent

75. Poverty consumpUon inequality means:

Aa few hundred rniiiionaires now own as much wea1th as the woridrys
poorest 2r5 býýýion
ýýop'e
20ý'%
ý of the words richest population account for 86% of tota' private
iýýýýl

consumption expenditures and yet 20% of the poorest consume a

minuscule 13ý'%ý
C. I bNI'lYon
people suffer from hunger and yet some I2 bHIon suffer from

obesity
D. People consume what they need, reuse and rýýyde whenever possible
and conserve water even though there is no shortage.

76 The foflýwings are one of the concerns and fears in energy security except:
A. OUand fossil fuel depletion
B. Reliance on foreigrýsources of energy
IrN
Demands from advancing developing countries
Abundant energy supply versus demands
!D

16
 PAß "ý042/F'ýB I C'I2

77. Sustýinab1e development was defined by the United Nations World

Cornrn1s&orý on Environment and Development bn the 1987 Report as "those

paths of ..-_,_... _ýthat meet the needs oý the present without cornprornsng the
bý1'wty
of future generations to meet their oWr1needs. "
A. Social, econornc and ýýýýcationa1progress
ftý economic and poIitca progre
ýýýýýýýý
, cw
Soda!, poýMtica4
and educational progres
a poIitNcaI,economic and e+ýucatlonaI progress

78w ---. ýýý ýs recognized as an irnportant cause of environmenta' degradation

and therefore recognizes that economic devePapment has a cruýia.ý rote to
play in contributing to poverty alleviation.
A. Prosperity
a Stability
ýPoverfý
C°"+ýýý. ý
.,, D. Consistency

79 Deveoprnent, only takes p1ace f the resource harvest rates are at ýev&s
managed or natural regeneration rates permft, and the use of the envýronrnent
as a waste sink occurs oniy on the basis that waste thsposa1 rates should not
exceed the managed or natura' assimilation capacity of the environment.
ý.
rý,
ýkýo higher than
B. ýokwer than
C. Equa6 to
D Of two times

80. The natonaI ecoIogrcai deficit measures the by which the country
footprint (plus the country's share of biodiversity responsbfflty) exceeds the
ecologica6 capacity of that nation.

A Wealth

ýý,,
ýa''ý
$1 Poverty
c Policy
Amount
ýý
I
 ýýý ýO42IPCBIOI2

81. Eco1ogica1 footprint ýs a measure of how much land and water an

-----
indlvidua', a city, a country, or humanity requwres to produce aIl the resources
it consumes and to absorb alf the waste it generatesf using prevailing
technology.
ýAmount
ft QuaýAty

cPrýductNve
D. Quantity

82. Which one ýs NOT an indicator for Green Cities Index

** Transport

B. Waste
Water
"

Dp ýýýýtr! cý$y
,

83. One of the ýýy findings dnAsian Green CýtdesIndex 201 1 s:

A. China s strong overai
B. Japan is strong on pocdes
China s weak on energy & C02 emission
D. Japanis weak on energy& Cýýýernsson

84. A zero carbon cfty is a settement with:

A Less poUution
B. ýýýs carsr factories etc
, ýIMII
Majority powered by renewable energy sources
D. More green and less human activities

85. The crýterýonto become a zero carbon thy is by:

rý

Coectývey rýýudng the emissions of greenhouse gases to zero

B. Dec1arýngthat the sett'ement has become a zero carbon cIty
cM Abiding to the guiýeUnes set by the (oca authority
D. Piantirtg more trees

18
 PABIý42ýPCB1ß12

86 What is an active soIar technique?

ý°i"he use of activated photovoUaäc pane's and solar thermal coIlactors to

harness the suns energy
BWThe use of photovoltaic pane's and solar thermal collectors to harness
the SUn'Senergy
C. Tapping of soNarenergy from ýýýnby using activated carbon
D Use of activated carbon mnthe production 0 photovoltaic panels

87 What is the common form of r+ýýýwabie energy beýrig harnessed Mýn

MaIayýia?
A. Sofar power

aw power
pr ' Hydro power
!!

a Tida' power

88. What is the rnain factor which prevents Maiaysia from harnes&ng the suns

ýýýýr?
A. The high cost of Photovoltaic panels
B. Lýýý of technýýýýý ýnharnessing the sun power
C. Lack of poiiUca wiH in utffiz'ingthe Lýýeof Phýýovoýtaicpane's
o'ý ýýýýýýýýýý from the puhlic and industry

89N ýýýýýýýý
ý ýýýýýýý ýehice
ýýýýssiorý (ZEV):
A. Bcyc1e
a'

! Motorcycle
cN
Electric powered vehcIe
DNFue Celled powered vehicle

90w Zero Eýýýýýon Vehicle is a 'ýehicie wiýých;

N "w'Does
not ýýýýtgreen house gases the
frýýýý onboard source of power
11ipr

during operation
B. Operates on renewab'e energy during operation
C. Emits water vapors and oxygen during operation
ft Does not have any ýýýýýýaust
pipes

I9
 PABIO42IPCBIO12

91 Fue' ceII vehÄcIes are powered by:

.

A. Oxygen
BM Hydrogen
Hydrogen and Oxygen
ýýa None the above

92 The ecoogicaý iootprýnt is a measure of demand on the Earth's

ecosystems

iuw

VI !!
Ip
IM

Human
!!!!B. Eco1ogcaý
C~ ýýýnornNcaý
DM AgrNcuýtural

ýý. The baast water the compartment before they can be filled with a
wwww.
wýýýw
fresh cargo of oaý
ý
Has to be added to

B. Has to be removedfrom
c Has to be ýartalýy added to
iM

p Has to part6a6ýyrýýýýýd from

1ý W

94 Which process does not requfte dry docking?

ýý ýýývkn. g
B. Repairing
Cýeanýng
D. Shipping

95w The toxic the substance the the dose.

Ietýýýý
and greater
Jiýilý

"IiIýIIMIir
µXµýýMore
" 7' i Iý
..... ý.. i .ý. w. _. __i ___u__ ..

D. MOW ýýO sinaIG6er

C. Less and sma1er

DMýýýý and greater

20
 PAB10421PCB1012

96. Which statement does define antagonism?

k One increases the mortality caused by the other.
!!
B. Oneeemaintains th mortality caused by the other»
C. One creates the mortality caused by the other.
D. One reduces the mortality caused by the other

97. The presence or absence of these indicators may NOT provide a warning

signal of the existence of pollution effects:

A. Those with high toleration.
B. Species of commercial value and under cultivation.
C. Key species whose presence or absence in certain environments has

major repercussions in the community.

D. Indicator species, known to be particularly resistant or particularly sensitive
to pollutants.

98. Community studies involve taking samples of organisms from

k' Polluted and control sites
B. Polluted sites
C. Control sites
D. Partially polluted sites

99. Fixed installations where fish or shellfish are held in intensive mariculture are

particularly vulnerable to damage from accidental oil production because the:

A. Animals are more sensitive
B. Site is not polluted
C, Animals cannot escape
Site is near to the shore

loo. Fish eggs and larvae which are sensitive to toxin than adults and are
______
commonly in waters.
A. Less and deep
B. More and deep
C. Less and surface
More and surface
,
21