PRESENT TENSES ( PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS/PRESENT

PERFECT SIMPLE/ PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)

In English, there are four present tenses: simple present, present perfect simple, present
continuous, and present perfect continuous. (În Engleză, există 4 timpuri verbale la prezent:
prezent simplu, prezent perfect simplu, prezent continuu și prezent perfect continuu).

Present Simple

FORMS:

1)Affirmative:

S + Vb –s ;-es (persoana a III-a sg.- he,she,it)

Terminația –s sau –es se adaugă la verbele de persoana a III-a sg. . Terminația –es se adaugă
la verbele care se termină în literele: -ss: kiss-kisses; -ch: watch- watches; -sh: wash- washes;
-x: box-boxes (a boxa), verbele care se termină în vocale (-o: go-goes).

E.G.: He goes to school everyday.

You listen to music.

2) Negative

S+ don’t/doesn’t+Vb

! Doesn’t se folosește doar pentru persoana a III-a sg. (he,she,it)

E.g.: She doesn’t go to the cinema everyday.

I don’t listen to music everyday.

3) Interrogative

Do/Does+S+Vb

! Does se foloșește doar pentru persoana a III-a sg. (he,she,it)

E.g. : Does it drink milk?

Do we like football?

Adverbs of frequency: everyday,always(întotdeauna), sometimes(uneori,câteodată),

often(adesea), usually(de obicei), never(niciodată)
 Uses:(Întrebuințări)
 Use 1: Actions that are habitual or routine(Acțiuni care sunt obișnuite sau exprimă o
rutină)
EXAMPLES: The sun rises. I brush my teeth twice a day.
 Use 2: General, timeless facts(Fapte generale,atemporale)
EXAMPLES: Spiders make webs. Babies drink milk.
 Use 3: Narrative style (used when recalling past events or announcing things that are
happening in the moment)(Stil narativ-folsit când ne reamintim evenimente trecute sau
anunțăm lucruri care se întâmplă pe moment)
EXAMPLES: So I go to the store yesterday, and the clerk says “We’re closed!” He hits the
baseball out of the field and makes a home run!

PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS

Forms:
1) Affirmative
S+AM/ARE/IS+ Vb+-ing
I am writing my homework now.
2) Negative
S+AM/ARE/IS+not+Vb+-ing
He is not going to the cinema now.
3) Interrogative
AM/ARE/IS + S+ Vb+-ing
Are they at school now?

Adverbs used with the Present Continuous: now, at the moment, in the present
moment

Uses:
 Use 1: The “real” present (things that are happening right now), for all verbs except
stative verbs(lucruri care au loc acum, toate verbele cu excepția celor statice)
EXAMPLES: I am sitting down right now. He can’t come to the phone because
he is working. You can’t see the children because they are hiding.
 Use 2: Temporary actions that may not be happening right now, but have not yet been
completed(Acțiuni temporare care nu au loc chiar acum, dar care nu au fost încheiate)
EXAMPLES: I am taking an English course. The truck is being repaired.
Plans are being made.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

 Forms:
1) Affirmative:
S+ have/has+ Vb.(terminatia –ed pentru verbele regulate sau forma a III-a din lista
verbelor neregulate)

He has left the building.

2)Negative:
S+ haven’t/hasn’t+Vb(-ed sau forma a III-a)
I have just finished my homework.

3)Interrogative:
Have/Has+S+Vb.(-ed; forma a III-a)
Has she left?

!HAS se folosește doar cu HE,SHE,IT

Adverbs used with Present Perfect: just(tocmai), already(deja), for ( arată perioada de
timp:for 2 weeks, for 5 days, for 7 years), since( arată de când a început acțiunea:
since 1989, since I was a child)

Uses:
 Use 1: Actions that started in the past, continue into the present, and may continue
into the future(Acțiuni care au început în trecut, continuă în prezent și pot continua în viitor)
EXAMPLES: The children have felt sick ever since they ate lunch. My
neighbor has lived next door to me for two years.(Copiii s-au simțit rău de când au mâncat
prânzul. Vecinul meu locuiește vizavi de mine de 2 ani.)

 Use 2: Recently completed actions that still influence things happening in the
present(Acțiuni recent terminate care încă influențează lucrurile care au loc în prezent)
EXAMPLES: The sun has risen and you need to wake up. They have finished their meeting,
so now they can go.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Forms:
1)Affirmative:
S+have/has+been+Vb+ing
I have been living in New York for 2 years.

2)Negative:
 S+have/has+not+been+Vb+ing
He has been living in that house since he was young.

3)Interrogative
Have/Has+S+been+Vb.+ing
Have they been singing for long?

Adverbs used with Present Perfect Continuous: For(for fifteen minutes’, ‘for two weeks’, ‘for
now’) , Since (since last Sunday etc.), lately(în ultimul timp), recently( recent)

Uses:
 Use 1: Actions that started in the past, continue into the present, and may continue into
the future
EXAMPLES: The children have been feeling sick ever since they ate lunch. My
neighbor has been living next door to me for two years.