Z – Test

1. Popular Names. A sample of 30 people have the same name which is Mary.

The mean is 13 and the standard deviation to be 3.1. Find the best point

estimate of the population mean and the 99% confidence interval of the

population mean.

Given:

x́ = 13

0.99
z ∝/2 = = 0.495
2

z T = 2.575

s1 = 3.1

n = 30

s1 s1
x́ - z ∝/2 ( ) < μ < x́ + z ∝/2 ( )
√n √n

3.1 3.1
13 – 2.575 ( ) < μ < 13 + 2.575 ( )
√ 30 √ 30

11.54 < μ < 14.457

FINAL ANSWER: 12 < μ < 14

 T – Test

2. Intake Calories. The data present a sample of number of calories we intake

in a daily basis. Find the 95% confidence interval for the mean number of

calories we intake everyday

Given: 2000

n=6 1500

x́ = 2016.7 2500

2000
s1 = 354.6
2300
t ∝/2 = d . f n−1 = 6 – 1 = 5
1800
z T = 2.571

s1 s1
x́ - t ∝/2 ( ) < μ < x́ + t ∝/2 ( )
√n √n

354.6 354.6
2016.7 – 2.571 ( ) < μ < 2016.7 + 2.571 ( )
√6 √6

1644.6 < μ < 2388.8

FINAL ANSWER: 1644.6 < μ < 2388.8

 Confidence Interval and Sample Size for Proportion

3. Fast Food Chains. In a recent statistics of 173 fast food chain 110 had

internet on their store. Find the 90% confidence interval of the true

proportion of fast food chain that have internet connection.

Given:

n = 173

x́ = 110

90
z ∝/2 = = 0.45 = 1.645
2

x
^p = = 0.64
n

n−x 173−110
q^ = = = 0.36
n 173

( ^p )( q^ ) ( ^p )( q^ )
^p - z ∝/2
√ n
) < p < ^p + z ∝/2
√ n
)

0.64 – 1.645
√ (0.64)(0.36)
173
< p < 0.64 + 1.645
√ (0.64)(0.36)
173

0.57996 < p < 0.7000

FINAL ANSWER: 0.580 < p < 0.700

 Confidence Interval for the Variances and Standard Deviation

4. Sugar Content. Find the 90% confidence interval or the variance and

standard deviation of the sugar content of candies manufactured, its sample

of 27 candies has a standard deviation of 2.8 milligrams.

Given:

1−0.90
x2 ¿ = = 0.05 = 35.885
2

x 2 ¿ = 1−¿ 0.05 = 0.95 = 15.379

d . f =n−1 = 27 – 1 = 26

(n−1) s 2 (n−1) s 2
√ x2 ¿
<
¿ σ
2
<
√ x2 ¿
¿

(20−1)(2.8)2 2

√ 38.885 √
< σ 2< (20−1)(2.8)
15.379

1.96 < σ < 3.11

FINAL ANSWER: 2.0 < σ < 3.1

 Z – Test for a Mean

5. Cake Prices. A patisserie reports that the average price of chocolate cake is

more than $ 5500. A sample of 38 tiramisu cake has a mean price of $ 8900.

At α =0.05, test the claim that the tiramisu cake were more expensive than $

5500. The standard deviation of the population is 3170.

Solution:
1. H O : μ ¿ $ 5500
H 1 : μ> $ 5500 (claim)

2. Since α =0.05
0.5 – 0.05 = 0.45
z tv = 1.645

x́−μ 8900−5500
3. z = σ = 3170 = 6.61
√n √ 38
4. Make a Decision.

5. There is enough evidence to support the claim that the average price of

chocolate cakes is more than $ 5,500.

 Z – Test for a Proportion

6. The mayor claims that at least 80% of the residents in his city have street
lamps. To test this claim, a researcher randomly selected a sample of 700
residents and find that 550 of them do have street lamps. At α =0.01, is there
enough evidence to reject the claim?

Solution:
1. H O : p=0.80 (claim)
H 1 : p ≠ 0.80

2. Since ¿ 0.01 ; two - tailed

0.01
2
= 0.05

C.V. = ± 2.575
^p − p
3. z = pq
√ n

p = 0.80
q = 0.20
x 550
^p= = =0.79
n 700
0.79 – 0.80
z= ( 0.80 ) (0.20) = - 0.66
√ 700

4. Make a Decision.
Do not reject H O
5. There is enough evidence to support the claim at least 80% of the residents in his
city have street lamps.
 T – Test for a Mean
7. The mean weight of the baggage carried into an airplane by individual

passenger at Tuguegarao City Airport is 19.8 kilograms. A statistician takes

a random sample of 10 passengers and obtains a sample mean weight of 20.5

kilograms with the standard deviation of 8.5 kilograms. Is there enough

evidence to reject the statistician’s claim at α =0.05 ?

1. H O : μ=19.8 (claim)
H 1 : μ ≠ 19.8

2. Since α =0.05
d . f =¿10 - 1 = 9

c . v . = ± 2.262
x́−μ 20.5 – 19.8
3. t = s = 8.5 = 0.26
√n √ 10
4. Make a Decision.
Do not reject H O

5. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the mean weight of the baggage carried into

an airplane by individual passenger at Tuguegarao City Airport.

 X2 Tests for a Variance or Standard Deviation

8. Number of Female Students. The professor wishes to see the variation of

gender of the students in her class is less than the variation of the population.

The variance of the class is 105. Is there enough evidence to support the

claim that the variation of the female students is less than the population

variance ¿ ¿ = 185) at α =0.05? Assume that the female students are normally

distributed.

1. H O :σ 2 ≥ 185
H 1 : σ 2 <185(claim)

2. Since α =0.05
d . f =¿19 - 1 = 18

c . v . = 9.390

( n−1 ) s 2 (19 – 1)105

3. x́ 2= = = 10.22
σ2 185

4. Make a Decision.

Do not reject H O

5. There is not enough

evidence to support the
claim that the variance
of the female is less than
the variance of the
population.
 Difference between Two Means (MIDTERMS)

9. A survey found that the list of engineering students who enroll at a college
school is 83 which differ from the list of engineering students who enroll at
the university which is 72. Assume that the data were obtained from the two
samples of 65 schools each and that the standard deviations were 5.62 and
4.88, respectively. At α =0.01, can it be concluded that there is a significant
difference in the list?

x́ 1=83 x́´2=72
s1=5.62 s2=4.88

n1 =65 n2 =65

Steps:
1. H O : μ1=μ2 H 1 : μ 1 ≠ μ 2(claim)

2. Since α =0.01
0.01
=0.005
2

0.5 – 0.005 = 0.495 z tv = ± 2.575

( x́ 1−x́2 ) −(μ 1−μ2) ( 83−72 )−(0)

3. z = 2
s1 s 22
= (5.62)2 (4.88)2 = 11.92
√ +
n1 n2 √ 65
+
65

4. Make a Decision. Reject H O

5. There is enough evidence to support the claim that there is a significant
difference in the list.

Testing Difference between Two Means / Small Sample

10. KTV Room Cost. A survey found that the average ktv room rate for every
four hours in New Jersey is $99.99 and the average room rate in California is
$89.99. Assume that the data were obtained from two samples of 35 ktv’s
each and that the standard deviation was $7.89 and $6.78. At α = 0.05, can it
be concluded that there is a significant difference in the rates.

1. H O : μ1=μ2
H 1 : μ 1 ≠ μ 2(claim)

2. Since α =0.05
0.05
=0.025
2

c . v . = ± 1.96

3. Compute for the Test Value

( x́ 1−x́ 2 )−(μ 1−μ2 ) ( $ 99.99−$ 89.99 )−(0)
z= =
s21 s 22 7.892 6.782 ¿ 5.687
√ +
n1 n2 √ 35
+
35

4. Make a Decision. Reject H O

5. There is enough evidence to support the claim there is a significant difference in
the rates of New Jersey and California.
Testing Difference between Two Means / Large Sample

11. Length of Railways in China. A researcher wishes to see if the average

length of railways in China is the same as the average railways in Europe.
The data (in miles) of a sample of railways are shown. At α = 0.01, is there
enough evidence to reject the claim.

CHINA EUROPE
12 65 11 11
23 44 10 22
34 54 91 44
45 32 23 55
56 43 54 32
67 22 32 64
78 11 67 12
89 21 78 41
90 31 54 21
09 41 78 51
87 51 98 65
76 67 99 54
65 64 86 46
45 95 54 69
34 76 12
43 87 21
32 76 31
12 65 41

Given:
x́ 1 = ??? x́ 2= ???
 s1 = ?? s2 = ??

n1= 36 n2 = 32

1. H O : μ1=μ2 ( claim)
H 1: μ1≠ μ2

2. Since α =0.01 ; two−tailed

0.01
=0.005
2
c . v . = ± 2.575

3. Compute for the Test Value

( x́ 1−x́ 2 )−(μ 1−μ2 ) ( ? ?−? ? ) −(0)
z= = =¿
s21 s 22 ? ?2 ? ?2
√ +
n1 n2 √ +
36 32

4. Make a Decision. Reject H O????

5. There is enough evidence to support the claim there is a significant difference in
the rates of New Jersey and California. ?????
 Testing the Difference between Two Variances
12. Heart Rate Drinkers. A medical researcher wishes to see whether the
variance of the heart rates (beats per minute) of person who drinks alcohol is
difference from the variances of heart rates of people who do not drink. Two
samples are selected and the data are shown. At α = 0.01 is there enough
evidence to support the claim?

Alcoholism Not Drinker

n1 = 25 n2 = 20
s21 = 35 s22 = 10
1. H O :σ 1=σ 2
H 1 : σ 1 ≠ σ 2(claim)

2. Since α =0.01
0.01
=0.005
2
d . f N=n−1 = 25 – 1 = 24

d . f D=n−1 = 20 – 1 = 19

c . v . = 2.11

3. Compute for the Test Value

s 21 35
F= 2 = =3.5
s 2 10

4. Make a Decision.
Do not reject H O
5. There is not enough evidence
to support the claim that the
heart rates (beats per minute) of
person who drinks alcohol is
difference from the variances
of heart rates of people who do
not drink.
 Testing the Difference between Two Means / Dependent Samples

Vitamins for Increased Strength. A physical education director claim by

taking a special vitamin weight lifter can increase his strength. 5 athletes are
selected and given test of strength using standard bench press. After two
weeks of regular training, supplemented with the vitamin, they are tested
again. Test the effectiveness of the vitamin regimen at α = 0.05 each value in
the data represents the maximum number of pounds the athlete can bench
press. Assume that the variable is approximately normally distributed.
Athlete 1 2 3 4 5
Before 280 190 230 185 220
After 289 209 243 199 237
H :μ ≥ 0
1. 0 D (claim)
H 1: μD< 0
2. Since alpha α =.05
d.f. = n – 1 = 5 – 1 = 4
C.V. = -2.132
3. x1 x2 x1 – x2 (x1 – x2)2
286 290 -4 16
202 209 -7 49
280 272 8 64
297 294 3 9
299 305 -6 36
∑ D=−6 ∑ D=174

D́=
∑ D = −6 =−1.200 SD=√ ∑ D 2−¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
n 5
D́−M . D . −1.200
t= = =−0.399
SD/ √ n 6.731/ √ 5

4. Make Decision
Do not reject H0
5. There is not enough evidence to reject the claim that taking a special
vitamin weight lifter can increase his strength after two weeks.

Testing the Difference between Two Proportion

13.In a sample of 255 anesthesiologist, 18% thought the hospital should control
the pain medical center. In a sample of 195 general practitioners, 21% felt
the same way. At α =0.01, is there a difference in the proportions?
 Anova (FINALS)

14.A sales person wishes to know the different prices of newspaper. The first
vendor is located at Tanauan, the second vendor is located at Darasa, and the
third vendor is located at Malvar. At α =0.05, test the claim that there is no
difference among the means.
TANAUAN DARASA MALVAR
₱ 18 ₱ 19 ₱ 10
₱ 12 ₱ 11 ₱ 17
₱ 13 ₱ 10 ₱ 14
₱ 16 ₱ 15 ₱ 29
₱ 20 ₱ 12 ₱ 27
Steps:
1. H O : μ1=μ2 ¿ μ3 (claim)
H 1 : At least one mean is different from the others

2. Since k = 3 ; N = 15
α =0.05

C.V = 3.89
d . f N=k−1 = 3 – 1 = 2

d . f D=N −k = 15 – 3 = 12

3.
a. Find the mean and variance of each sample.
x́ 1= 15.80 x́ 2= 13.40 x́ 3= 19.40
s = 11.20 s = 13.30 s23 = 68.30
2 2
1 2

b. Find the grand mean.

x́ GM =
∑ x = 243.00 = 16.20
N 15
 c. Find the between-group variance, denoted by s2B
SS B
s2B = =MS B
K−1
2
SSB =∑ n (x́i −x́GM )

SSB =5(15.80−16.20)2+5 (13.40−16.20)2+ 5(19.40−16.20)2

SSB =88.40
88.40 88.40
s2B= = =44.20
3−1 2

d. Find the within-group variance, denoted by s2w

SS W
s2W = =MS W
ni

Where;
ss w = ∑ (ni −1¿ ) ¿ s21

ss w =( 5−1 ) ( 11.20 ) + ( 5−1 )( 13.30 )+(5−1)(68.30)=317.20

317.20
s2W =
( 5−1 ) + ( 5−1 ) + ( 5−1 )
s2W =30.93

e. Find the t – test

s 2B MS B
F= 2 or F=
MSW
sw
44.20
F= =1.43
30.93
4. Make a Decision.
The decision is to not reject the
null hypothesis, since 1.43 < 3.89
Do not reject H O
5. There is enough evidence to
support the claim and that
conclude that all mean are equal.