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PRINCIPLES AND THEORY OF RESONANCE POWER SUPPLIES

A. Sreenivas G.G. Karady
Departmentof Electrical Engineering
Arizona StateUniversity, Tempe, AZ

Abstract

The resonancepower supply is widely used and proved to

be an efficient method to supply accelerator magnets. Tbe
literature describes several power supply circuits but no
comprehensive theory of operation is presented. This paper
presentsa mathematical method which describesthe operation
of the resonancepower supply and it can be used for accurate
design of components.

1. INTRODUCTION

The resonancepower supply is being used for accelerator

magnet excitation in the last hvo decades.Thefirst application
was in the Princeton Pennsylvania Accelerator [l]. In 1978
Praeg and McGhee [2] reported the utilization of series
resonant network to generate biased sine wave excitation
current for the Argonne National Laboratory Synchrotron.
Subsequently Praeg and colleagues presented several papers
discussing the dual frequency resonancepower supply with flat Figure 1. Required Current shapeand Circuit diagram.
top and flat bottom [3,4]. Karady et al [5,6] presenteda design
method for a 10 kA, 10 kV resonancepower supply in which b. Concept of the analysis
they proposedcomponent realization and systemoptimization.
In the literature transient simulation techniques (SPICE, The circuit diagram for each state was identified and the
MICRGCAP etc.) are used to analyze the operation of
state spaceequations were derived. In steady state sequential
resonance power supplies. These techniques simulate the
operation the states follow each other. Therefore the initial
operation correctly but do not describe the phenomena. A conditions for a state are the final conditions of the previous
mathematicalanalysis is required to obtain better understanding
state. This procedure results in a set of simultaneous
of the system operation.
differential equations. The solution of these equations using
The resonancepower supply operation consists of distinct
the state space method describes the system operation. The
periods and each period representsa state of the system. The
state equations were also solved using the Laplace Transform
cyclic operation of the power supply can be described by the
method. The solutions obtained by the state space method
transition from one state to the other, Each period can be
were verified by the Laplace Transform method using the
described by a set of state equations. The state spacemethod
MATHEMATICA packagefor computation.
simplifies the computation and provides insight into the
physical phenomena. c. List of symbols
The purpose of this paper is to apply the state space
method for the analysesof resonantpower supply operation.
Lm. Rm Magnet inductanceand resistancerespectively.
2. METHOD OF ANALYSIS Lch, Rch Choke inductanceand resistancerespectively.
Cl, Rcl Capacitor Bank 1 and bus bar resistance
a. System definition respectively.
C2, Rc2 Capacitor Bank 2 and bus bar resistance
respectively.
The resonance power supply circuit diagram and the
required current wave shapeare shown in Figure 1. It can be 3. OPERATION ANALYSIS
seen that the system operation is divided into four states:
injection, acceleration, flat top and reset. a. Injection

The systemequivalent circuit for the injection period is shown

in Figure 2.
0-7803.0135.8/91$Ol.OOOIEEE 949

PAC 1991
 PM Vm
u

Figure 3. Current path during acceleration.

Figure 2. Current path during injection period
The differential equations representing the accelerating period
The statespaceequations for this circuit are :
ac given by,
&h
-=-a &,h - (Vgl +i,Rswl)
at 1 ?S!L=_a
at2 6
VIll =i,R-V,l-&hRswl 2

Where,
&ll
-z-b $‘-!&+&(&?$i+$)
at2 7
a=(Rch+Rswl), R=Rch+R SW1
L ch 3 where,

The solution of theseequations results in the equation, ,=R’;&h b= R,+Rrn

ch , I-Ill 8
i&(t)=& e-m +(
LoRsw~ -- vs~ )(1-c-at
)
R R 4 The solution of the circuit equations is obtained from the state
representation,
The equations 1 and 2 in statespaceform are,

ichh(t)
Icho
al0 a20 a3
% = bl 0 b2 0 ich@) + b3
00 10 0 9
IIIIO
00 00 [ 0
tnm The final values obtained from equation 9, are used as initial
vahxs for the next state.
5
c. Flat Top
The final value of the choke and magnet current for the
injection period are the initial values for the acceleration The flat top state is initiated by the closing of SW2,
pericxl. which short circuits the capacitor bank. The current path is
similar to that shown in Figure 2, except that, the current
b. Acceleration direction is reversed and SW2 is operating instead of SWl.
The stale spaceequations for this period are similar to that of
The acceleration period starts with the opening of the the injection period.
GTO switch SW1 and the closing of the capacitor bank switch The final values of the flat top period are used as initial
CSW. The switches insert the capacitor banks in the circuit. values for the next state.
The current paths are shown in Figure 3.
d. Reset

The reset period is initiated by the opening of SW2, which

inserts the capacitor bank in the circuit. The current path is

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PAC 1991
similar to that shown in Figure 3, but now only capacitor 600000- t2 t3
bank Cl is in the circuit. I
The state space equations are similar to the equations 600000-
obtainedfor the accelerationperiod.
The final values obtained are usedas initial values for the 400000~~
next injection stateof the next cycle. 300000~~
4. SOLUTION STRATEGY 200000*~
100000~~
Tbe input data required for the solution of the state space to t1
equations are : a) The starting time and ending time for each
state, b) The system parameters(resistance, inductance,
0 b5 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
-100000' Time in sess
capacitancevalues), c) The constraints on the magnet current.
For example the magnet current has to be kept constant during
the flat top and the maximum and minimum values of the Figure 5. Load on the systemas a function of time.
magmt cunznt for any cycle are fixed.
The analysis uses two variables Icho and Imo which are 6. CONCLUSION
the initial choke and magnet currents. The state space
representation of different periods in terms of these variables The results of the presentedanalysis can be summarizedin the
are formulated. The systembehavior is studied with respectto following points;
variations in Icho and In-10and other parameters. 1. This paper introduces the state space method for the
analysis of resonantpower supply operation.
5. LOSS ANALYSIS 2. The state spacemethod reduces simultaneous differential
equations to a set of linear equation, which reduces
The application of the developed method is demonstrated computational complexity.
by the calculation of energy lossesin a resonant power supply 3. This method can be used an an effective design tool for
system described in detail by Karady et al [5]. The analysis physical realization of resonancepower supplies.
starts with computation of voltage required in series with the 4. The advantagesof the method were demonstratedusing a
magnet during injection and flat top periods. These voltages practical example.
are highly regulated ramps to keep the magnet current
constant. The state space equations were solved using the 7. REFERENCES
describedmethod using the MATRIXX Math Program.
Typical results are shown in Figure 4, which presentsthe [ 11 S. Waaben,“Princeton pennsylvania Accelerator,” Nuclear
capacitor bank current during the acceleration and resetperiod. Instruments and Methods, Vo19, pp. 78-86, 1960.
Figure 5 shows the load on the system as a function of time. [2] W.F. Praegand D. McGhee, “Ring Magnet Power Supply
It can be seen that the majority of the lossesoccur during the for a 500 MeV Synchreotron,” IAS Annual Meeting,
flat top period. Also the calculation indicates that the current ConferenceRecord,pp.1118-1124.1978.
at the end of the reset is less than the initial current required for [31 W.F. Praeg, “Dual Frequency Ring Magnet Power Supply
the injection period. Therefore the system requires additional with Flat Bottom,” IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science, Vol
energy injection. NS-30, pp.2873-2875, 1983.
[4] W.F. Praeg, “A Multi-Functional Ring Magnet Power
iOOOOT tl t2 t3 t4 Supply for Rapid Cycling Synchrotrons,” IEEE Transaction
75001 on Nuclear Science, Vol NS-30, pp.3749-3751, 1985.
[fl G. Karady, H.A. Thiessen and E.J. Schneider, “Resonant
& 5000 I-Cl Power Supplies for a Rapid Cycling Accelerator,” IEEE
s 2500 Transactionson Nuclear Science,Vol35, pp.1092-1098,1988
.!2
ad [q G. Karady, H.A. Thiessen, “Optimization of the Resonant
1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Power Supply Circuit,” Particle Accelerator Conference, Vol
-2500
Time in sea 3, pp.1916-1918, 1989.
-5000 t
-7600
t
-10000’

Figure 4. Capacitor bank current in Acceleration and Reset.

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