BAIHAQI FZIZIN.

SM

016201800008

DIPLOMACY 1

1. The explanation related to the US foreign policy framework towards the Middle East
after the Arab Spring as described earlier, shows that the existence of intellectuals as part
of the epistemic community and also the views of the United States of America towards
political Islam play a major role in the process of formulating US foreign policy.
Therefore, Muslim intellectuals must be able to provide a counter to a wide range of
issues that are developing in the form of public debates that are able to provide a detailed
description of the superiority of Islam compared to other conceptions of life, in order to
form public opinion that can give birth to public awareness. Muslim intellectuals are
expected to play a role in building a positive image of Islam, so that the support of the
ummah can continue to flow towards the overall enforcement of Islam in the container. In
the international context a positive image of Islam is needed so that various kinds of
negative perceptions of Islam can be eliminated. Muslim intellectuals are also expected to
be able to provide detailed explanations of the Islamic system. In the context of the
relationship between Islam and the West, the role of Muslim intellectuals is highly
expected in order to demonstrate the existence of Islam as a great civilization, without
having to be moderate. In the framework of the United States foreign policy, Muslim
intellectuals must be able to uncover various kinds of agendas launched by them against
Muslims in the context of efforts to clarify Islamic thought in the midst of Muslims.
Because, on the basis of the clarity of Islamic thought in the midst of Muslims, it will be
able to deliver to the resurrection. While the resurrection itself can only be achieved
through improving the level of thought of the people. For a larger scale Muslim
intellectuals must be able to become an Epistemic Community that is able to create a
network of professional people who have expertise and competence in a particular
science area and have the authority to propose and make policies based on their
knowledge.
 THE EXAMPLE
US foreign policy has a diversity and diversity in the intellectual map of the United
States. That is because US foreign policy is in a position where there is a dialectical
tension between two opposing patterns, namely: pragmatism-realism and legalism-
moralism. The dialectical tension eventually gave birth to two camps on the US
intellectual stage relating to its influence in the process of policy making, namely the
confrontationalist and accommodationalist camps. The confrontationalists emphasize an
understanding that sees Islam as a monolithic threat, in this view Islam is referred to as
the "New Enemy" with more emphasis on the role of culture and history. While the
accomodationists are a bit different, even though they are concerned about Islam, they
see Islam as a "New Challenge", where the Islamic world is compartmentalized and
divided, there is still a possibility that they will be more moderate and willing to
cooperate with the United States.
Related to the Middle East after the Arab Spring, it seems that the real political problems
are the reason for America's anxiety about Political Islam in the Middle East region. The
role of politics and defense-security seems to be more prominent than issues around
culture, propaganda and history. We can see that from countries that experienced
upheaval during the Arab Spring, which shows that these countries are actually more
moderate towards the West and continue to make democracy as a system of government
that they carry. With the exception of Syria which is indeed in the process of
revolutionizing the character of Islam is very strong coloring the wishes of the Islamic
jihadist militias who want to make Syria after Assad an Islamic state and they are
guarding that goal. As for the prospect of the rise of Islam, we can say that the Middle
East region is indeed very prospective for the rise of Islam, because the roots of Islamic
civilization are indeed there, it's just that the domination and foreign power that still
persist in the Middle East is an obstacle to the realization of the case, given one of the
interests US politics in the Middle East region is driving the pace of Islamic revival.

2. the crisis in Latin America preformed by covid-19 paralyzing Peru and causing millions
of people to lose their jobs. They also chose to postpone and cancel several sporting
events. Argentina, Colombia, and Peru announced that travelers from China, Italy, Spain
 and France would be isolated on arrival. Argentina was the first country in Latin America
to register deaths related to the Corona Virus The whole way across Latin America, urban
activists and law researchers have vocally cautioned society that administrations ought to
be straightforward in sharing data on the extent of the emergency, common society
gatherings ought to be counseled on the ampleness of measures before execution, and
limitations ought to be lifted when dangers presented by the infection lessen. All things
considered, intense defensive measures are well known when joined with apparent
trustworthiness and uprightness with individuals searching for solid authority in the midst
of emergency. Both President Alberto Fernández of Argentina and President Martín
Vizcarra of Peru have risen as local exemplars in conveying straightforwardly and
definitively. Fernández first accumulated clinical counsel and afterward called the help of
political adversaries. As Argentina reacted to the emergency rapidly and obtusely, the
president's disposition was respected as sensible and capable. Assessments of public
sentiment in Peru indicated overpowering help for President Vizcarra's treatment of the
emergency, including somewhere in the range of 96 percent endorsement of the check in
time and 95 percent support for the national isolate. Maybe his firmly non-populist way
to the administration a designer via preparing, he expected the reins of government when
the past president was impugned has something to do with this

3. United States foreign policy in the past few years that the lasting change that has emerged
is an instinct for every American President to act unilaterally, such as when the Trump
administration conducted a one-sided air strike against Syrian forces in 2017 in response
to chemical attacks. But historians point out that it has been part of US diplomacy since
George Washington, and of course during the Cold War. It might be ironic that despite
unity in the country it appeared shortly after. but the bitterness about the failure started by
Bush poisoned public discourse and helped create a highly polarized country. Perhaps the
biggest change since the Bush Administration was the expansion of boundaries for the
"war on terror". Domestic and foreign terrorism seem increasingly ubiquitous. Following
infographic of US foreign policy changes after the tragedy