SPP Pumps, Inc.

6716 Best Friend Road

Norcross, Ga. 30071

SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS
VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS
OPEN LINE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
2

IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Pump parts, and the tools and rigging equipment

used in installing pumps, are heavy and may
easily cause personal injury if dropped or
carelessly handled. The normal precautions and
safety rules associated with the erection of
heavy machinery, in regard to manual lifting, use
of power equipment, and handling of tools, must
be observed in the installation of this pump.

Do not work under a heavy suspended object unless

there is a positive support under it to stop its
fall in event of sling of hoist failure.
Disregard of the warning could result in grave
personal injury.

Before opening the conduit box of an electric

motor, be certain that the current to the motor
is shut off. An electrical shock from contact
with live motor leads can be fatal.

The driver cover must be in place when the pump

is in operation. Rotating parts below this cover
could cause grave personal injury if exposed.

Petroleum-base cleaning solvents are flammable.

Smoking by personnel in the vicinity of these
solvents is extremely hazardous and must not be
permitted.
 CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

1. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED……................................ 5

2. CHECKING THE WELL…………………………………………………… 5

3. DEVELOPING THE WELL………………….............................................. 6

4. BUILDING THE FOUNDATION………………......................................... 7

5. UNLOADING THE PARTS………………….............................................. 9

6. PREPARING THE PARTS FOR INSTALLATION…….......................... 10

7. INSTALLING THE BOWL UNIT AND COLUMN.................................. 12

8. INSTALLING THE DISCHARGE HEAD.................................................. 18

9. ALIGNING THE PUMP............................................................................... 23

10. INSTALLING THE PACKING................................................................... 24

11. INSTALLING THE DRIVER...................................................................... 29

12. GROUTING THE DISCHARGE HEAD.................................................... 31

13. INSTALLING THE DISCHARGE PIPING............................................... 31

14. PRE-LUBRICATING THE SHAFT BEARINGS....................................... 32

15. ADJUSTING THE IMPELLERS.................................................................. 34

16. STARTING THE PUMP................................................................................ 38

17. ADJUSTING THE PACKING GLAND....................................................... 39

18. DISASSEMBLING THE PUMP................................................................... 39

19. INSTALLING AND OPERATING THE

WATER LEVEL TESTING SYSTEM...........................................................42
 INTRODUCTION

The manual gives detailed instructions for

installing, adjusting, operating, servicing and
disassembling SPP Pumps Inc. Vertical Turbine
Pumps. In addition, instructions are included
for installing and operating a water level system
using air pressure.
Proper installation and maintenance of this pump
will contribute to maximum efficiency and long,
trouble-free life. Before starting the
installation, review the entire procedure given
in the manual, omitting those portions which do
not apply to the particular pump to be installed;
then refer to it step by step during the actual
procedure. Retain the manual for future use in
solving maintenance problems.
NOTICE
SPP Pumps, Inc cannot be held responsible for
inadequate performance of or damage to a pump or
for injury to personnel due to any of the
following causes.
WARNING
The pumps described by this manual are
specifically designed for pumping water,
and must not be used to pump any other
fluid particularly combustible fluids.
These pumps must not be installed in any
manner except as specified herein, and
must not be operated at speeds,
capacities, pressures or temperatures
other than those stipulated for the
order.
VIOLATION OF THESE WARNINGS MAY
RESULT IN SEVERE PROPERTY
DAMAGE OR GRAVE PERSONAL
INJURY.

Installation of the pump in a well which is

unsuitable as tested by the procedure
described in Section 2 of this manual.

Installation of the pump on an inadequate

foundation.

Air or gas in the well. If there is evidence

of air or gas, consult your Peerless Pump
dealer.

Erosion of pump parts by sand in the water

(sand cutting).

Restarting of a pump whose impellers are

packed with sand (sand locked).
 SECTION 1

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

The materials and equipment necessary for Tail rope - size and length as required.
installation will vary with the size of the pump Special clamping tool (See Fig. 7-6) -
and the type of installation. The following optional
list is offered only as a guide. Timbers - size and length as required to
support long pump parts on the ground.
A. BULK MATERIAL Timbers - size and length as required to
support pump parts suspended in the well.
Thread compound
Lubrication oil (such as automotive engine C. HAND TOOLS
oil)
Grease (See Table 10-2) Chain tongs (2)
Solvent, petroleum-base (such as gasoline, Pipe wrench
kerosene or distillate) Pipe cutter or hacksaw
Grouting material File
Wire brush
B. RIGGING EQUIPMENT Pliers
Wire cutters
Mobile power hoist - or a derrick, lifting Pocket knife
windlass and blocks Wrenches - open-end, and box or socket
Sling Clean rags
Elevator clamp (2) Apron (wood or metal) - to protect top of
Clamp - to attach dragline block to edge of bowl unit or column section from
pipe entry of foreign matter
Capstan Drive (cat head and cat line) for Set of mechanic’s hand tools
making threaded joints (optional)

SECTION 2

CHECKING THE WELL

Before any attempt is made to install the pump,
the well should be carefully checked to
determine that the casing is of the proper
diameter, depth and straightness. A suggested
method of doing this is to lower into the well a
pipe which is the same diameter as the bowl unit
of the intended pump and 1-½ times the length of
the bowl unit. If this test pipe can be lowered
into the required depth, it may be assumed that
the well is suitable for the pump. DO NOT
INSTALL THE PUMP IN A WELL INTO WHICH
THE TEST PIPE CANNOT BE LOWERED TO THE
REQUIRED DEPTH.
 SECTION 3
DEVELOPING THE WELL
A. Developing the well and freeing it from sand
is part of the well driller’s job, and should be
done with a test pump reserved the this service.
B. NOTE
If a test pump is not available and there
is no alternative except to use the new
pump, raise the impellers at least 3/16
inch above their normal running position.
(See Section 15 for method of adjusting
impellers.) Once started, the pump must
not be stopped until the water is free of
sand.
Despite these precautions, the pump may still be
damaged by sand cutting.
C. If, for any reason, the pump is stopped
while pumping water containing sand, the pump
may become “sand-locked”. Sand-locking is the
condition that occurs when the clearances
between impellers and bowls are packed with sand
which settles in the bowl unit after the pump
stops rotating and the water drains back into
the well.
CAUTION
If a sand-locked pump is restarted,
severe damage may result.
D. If a pump is accidentally stopped while
pumping sandy water, sand-locking may be
overcome by the following procedure:
1. As soon as the pump shaft stops
rotating, raise the impellers to their
top position. (See Section 15 for method
of adjusting impellers.)
2. Alternately raise and lower the
impeller a small amount to loosen the
trapped sand.
3. Rotate the shaft alternately
clockwise and counter-clockwise by
applying a wrench to the drive coupling.
This too has the effect of loosening the
sand, permitting it to fall back into the
well.
4. If a separate water supply is
available, flush the pump with clear
water.
E. If all attempts to free the impellers fail,
it will be necessary to pull the pump. The
obstruction can then be cleared by back-
flushing, or, if necessary, by disassembling the
bowl unit.
 SECTION 4

BUILDING THE FOUNDATION

A. It is strongly recommended that a

substantial concrete foundation be built around
the well before the pump is installed. The
original pump shaft alignment will last only as
long as the foundation supports the pump in a
stable position. If the pump discharge head has
a protrusion below the vase which is wider than
the well casing must be far enough below the
foundation surface to clear such a protrusion.
In this case a dam must be provided around the
well casing to retain the grout which will later
be poured between the discharge head and the
foundation. (See Fig. 4-1). If the well casing
is wider than any protrusion of the discharge
head below the base, the casing itself can be
used as a dam for the grout.

B. The thickness of the foundation must be

adequate for inherent stiffness, and the ground
area sufficient to provide a stable footing.
The minimum thickness and ground area are
determined by two factors:

Fig. 4-1. Foundation And Grouting Details

 1. The firmness of the supporting earth,
considering adverse effects of rain and
flooding.
2. The total weight of the complete pumping
unit when full of water. Total load on
foundation = Weight of all parts + Weight of
water in column. Table 4-1, 15-2 may be used
for reference in figuring the size of the
foundation.
convenient in that the discharge head need not be
removed after having once been set, as is
necessary when drilled-type fasteners are used.
The correct bolt diameter and length can be
determined by referring to Fig. 4-2, which gives
the pertinent dimensions for all discharge head
sizes.

C. Structural foundations when properly

constructed are satisfactory for some
installations. A combination of structural
members and concrete may also be satisfactory in
same cases. However, foundations made up of
structural members (steel or wood) spread on
unstable soil are definitely not satisfactory.
They are certain to shift or warp, causing
misalignment, which will result in damage to the
pump.

Table 4-1. Approximate Weight of Water-Filled

Pump Column.

Nom. Sched- Wt. Wt. of Total

Pipe ule per Water Per Ft. Wt.
Size Ft. of of Pipe Per
pipe Ft.*

3 40S 7.58 3.0 10.6

4 40S 10.79 5.0 15.8
5 40S 14.62 8.0 22.6
6 40S 18.97 12.0 31.0
8 30 24.70 20.0 44.7
10 30 34.24 23.0 57.2
12 30 43.77 48.0 91.8
14 30S 54.57 57.0 111.6
16 30S 62.58 76.0 138.6
18 30 82.06 97.0 179.1
20 30X 104.13 120.0 224.1
24 30X 125.49 177.0 302.5

* Multiply the appropriate figure by the total

length of the column, and add the weight of the
shafting, tubing, discharge head, bowl unit and
the driver to obtain the total load on the
foundation.

D. Foundation bolts (hold-down, or anchor,

bolts) are mot required for pumps with discharge
pressures less than 10 psi and column lengths
greater than 50 feet, when driven by a motor or
steam turbine or through a right-angle gear unit.
Pumps with column lengths 50 feet or less, or
discharge pressures of 10 psi or more, and all
pumps which are belt-driven, should be anchored
by sleeve-type, or equivalent, foundation bolts.
Fig. 4-2. Dimensions for bolting to Foundation
(See Fig. 4-1.) Sleeve-type bolts are recommended
because they allow some flexibility in the final
positioning of the discharge head. They are also
It is recommended that a template be made for
accurately locating the foundation bolts. See
Fig. 4-2 for the correct spacing. Some pumps are NOTE
provided with a sole plate which fits between the
discharge head and the foundation. In this case
the foundation bolts must align with the holes in Be sure to position the foundation and
the sole plate rather than those in the discharge locate the foundation bolts so that the
head. discharge head will be in accurate
alignment with the discharge piping.
E. Observe the usual rules of good workmanship
in regard to mixing, pouring, working and curing
of concrete foundations. Allow the foundation to
cure at least 48 hours before starting the pump
installation.

SECTION 5

UNLOADING THE PARTS

A. For a relatively short pump it may be installation. Parts which are provided with
convenient to install the column and shaft lifting lugs, lifting ears, or eye bolts must be
sections directly from the transporting vehicle. lifted by these points only.
This might be true for example of a pump with a
column of less than ten sections. The sections
can be prepared for installation without
removing them from the truck which delivered Fig. 5-1. Unloading A Column Section Directly
them. If the truck can be backed-in close to From The Truck
the hoisting rig, the sections can be hoisted
directly from the truck bed. (See Fig. 5-1.)

B. When a longer pump is installed, it will be

necessary to unlod the posts from the
transporting vehicle. Clear a large area around
the well as a working space for laying out the
pump parts to prepare them for installation.
Arrange timbers parallel on the ground in the
cleared area to support the pump column and
shafts as shown in Fig. 7-6.

C. Before unloading pump parts from the

transporting vehicle, or during the unloading
process, take inventory of the shipment to
insure that the parts received match the list of
parts on your order. If the shaft sections were
shipped crated, one end of the crate may be
opened for a count. Leave the rest of the crate
intact to protect the shaft sections during
unloading.

D. It is strongly recommended that the pump

parts which are too heavy to be lifted by hand
be lifted from the transporting vehicle with a
suitable hoist. If this is impossible, they may
be unloaded by slowly and CAREFUULY skidding
down an incline. Lifting chains or cables must
not be allowed to contact machined surfaces.
If the shaft sections were shipped crated, they
should be unloaded from the vehicle in the crate
and not be uncrated until ready for
 CAUTION
Column and shaft sections must be handled
with extreme care. These parts are
machined to achieve precision alignment.
If dropped, sprung or otherwise
mistreated, misalignment, poor
performance and ultimate failure will
result. Shafts are especially sensitive
to abuse. Bent or damaged shafts must not
be used. Doing so is certain to result
in pump failure.
SECTION 6
PREPARING THE PARTS FOR INSTALLATION
A. The hoisting rig should now be set up. the
installation given in this manual are based upon
the use of mobile power-operated hoist such as
that shown in Fig. 7-1. This affords the
greatest convenience for pump installation. If
any other hoisting arrangement is used, it will
be necessary for the installer to interpret
these instructions to suit the requirements of
his equipment.
B. All of the pump parts were carefully
inspected before leaving the factory, but may
have become soiled or damaged in shipping and
handling. Therefore, all parts must be
inspected by the installer to ascertain that
they are clean and undamaged before installing
them in the well. Check all column and shaft
sections to be sure that they have not been
bent, and that machined surfaces are not marred
in any way, especially the butting surfaces at
the ends and screw threads. A procedure for
testing shaft straightness is specified in Part
H.
C. If the shaft sections were received crated,
they should be removed from the crate at this
time. Except for the threaded ends, which are
covered with a rust-inhibiting oil, and the
monel sleeves, the shaft sections are protected
with a special coating. Lay the shaft sections
E. Certain extra-long, relatively small-
diameter bowl units are shipped attached to
skids bearing this special notation:
“CAUTION - DO NOT REMOVE THIS PROTECTIVE
SKID UNTIL THE BOWL UNIT IS IN VERTICAL
POSITION, READY TO BE INSTALLED IN THE
WELL. RETAIN THIS SKID FOR USE WHEN
REMOVING THE BOWL UNIT FROM THE WELL”
It is very important that this precaution be
observed in handling these units.
across the parallel timbers previously placed on
the ground (Section 5, Part B.) Wash off the
protective oil from the threads with petroleum-
base solvent, and wipe thoroughly clean and dry.
Clean the shaft couplings, if necessary, and
store in a clean container until ready for use.
D. The pump column sections are furnished with
threaded ends ad are usually shipped with a
coupling attached to one end. Inspect the
coupling for correct thread engagement: one-
half the length of the coupling, minus one-half
the thickness of the bearing retainer. If the
couplings are not already attached, they are
packed separately. Lubricate the thread at one
end of each column section, using ordinary
automotive engine oil or thread compound, and
screw on the couplings to their proper
engagement.
E. Most of the total length of the pump is made
up of column sections and shaft sections which
are equal in length. They will all be five feet
or ten feet long, depending upon the particular
pump model. The top column section and the top
shaft section can be easily identified because
their lengths are different form the others.
Also, the top shaft section has a keyseat at one
end; the top column section is not fitted with a
coupling, since the upper end screws directly
into the discharge head or into a special
flange.
F. Check the total length of the pump bowl
unit, suction pipe, and strainer (if furnished) K. Place two short lengths of heavy timber on
to see whether the hoist clearance is sufficient the foundation, one on each side of the well
to handle these assembled parts as a unit. If casing, to support the bowl unit and column
the clearance is sufficient, assemble the sections as the joints are being made.
strainer to the suction pipe and the suction
pipe to the bowl unit. Lay this assembly across L. Before proceeding with the actual
the timbers, close to the well, ready for installation, check to see that all the pump
installation. parts and equipment have been prepared per Parts
A through L of this section.
G. If the assembled strainer, suction pipe, and
bowl unit are too long to be handled by the
hoist, the strainer and suction pipe will be
installed first, and then the bowl unit,
separately. If a strainer is furnished, attach
it to the suction pipe and lay this assembly
across the timbers close to the well, ready for
installation.

H. CAUTION

When inserting the shaft sections into

the column sections, take care not to
bend the shaft or damage the threads.

Prepare the column and shaft sections for

hoisting by inserting a shaft section into each
column section. The special sleeve section on
the shaft must be at the end of the column
section which has the coupling. Do not insert
the top shaft section into the top column
section at this time. Assemble all the standard
shaft and column sections in this manner, and
arrange them on the parallel timbers, next to
the bowl unit, with the coupling ends nearest
the well.

I. If an air line for a water level testing

system is to be installed with the pump, 1/4
inch OD copper or plastic tubing should be used.
When piping is to be installed, use pipe lengths
which are the same length as the column
sections. Each pipe should be fitted with a
coupling at one end, the thread well lubricated
with thread compound to ensure an air-tight
seal.

J. Copper tie-wires approximately 1/8 inch

diameter will be needed to attach the air line
to the pump. These should be pre-cut to
sufficient length so they can be looped around
the air line, twisted, looped around the pump
column, and twisted again, with wire to spare.
Place the pre-cut tie-wires and the pipe or
tubing in a clean area adjacent to the well so
that the air line installation can proceed along
with the pump installation.
 SECTION 7

INSTALLING THE BOWL UNIT AND COLUMN

CAUTION

When making up threaded joints, start the

joint by hand to verify that the threads
are properly engaged before applying a
wrench or a power drive. If cross-
threading is suspected, bread the joint
immediately and repair the damaged
external threads with a file. Clean the
threads thoroughly before re-making the
joint. If the threads are too deformed
to repair with a file, replace the
damaged part. When coupling threads are
damaged, replace the coupling.

CAUTION

Never attempt to handle or lift the bowl

unit by the shaft protruding from the
upper end. This could result in bending
of the shaft.

If the suction pipe and bowl unit have not been

reassembled, start the pump installation at Part
A. If the suction pump and bowl unit have been
pre-assembled (with or without a strainer),
start the pump installation at Part B.

A. For the case where the suction pipe and bowl

unit have not been pre-assembled:

1. Securely fasten an elevator clamp near

the top of the suction pipe approximately
two feet below the threads. This position
will permit easy make-up of the joint.
Attach a sling to he elevator clamp and pass
the looped end over the hoist hook. (See
fig. 7-1.) While a workman supports the
lower end of the suction pipe (and strainer,
if used) hoist the pipe into position over
the well.
2. When air line is used it should be
tied to the suction pipe so that the bottom
of the air line is approximately two feet
above the bottom of the suction pipe. Using
the pre-cut tie wires, attach the air line
to the suction pipe in two places, a few
inches apart. Loop the wire around the air
line, twist it, loop it around the pump, and
twist it again.
Fig. 7-1. Suction Pipe Hoisted Over Well
Use a heavy pair of pliers, pulling the
wire taut when making the loops, and
twisting tit tightly to obtain a rigid
attachment. Above this, attachments will
be made at intervals of ten feet.
3. Carefully lower the suction pipe into
the well until the elevator clamp rests
on the supporting timbers. Remove the
sling.
4. Fasten a second elevator clamp to the
top of the bowl unit, just below the
column pipe coupling. (See Fig. 7-2.)
Attach the sling to the elevator
 6. Raise the entire assembly a few
inches and remove the lower elevator
clamp. Carefully lower the assembly into
the well until the upper elevator clamp
rests on the supporting timbers. Place
over the top of the bowl unit a specially
made wood or metal apron which covers the
opening and fits closely around the
impeller shaft, over the apron. (See
Fig. 7-7.) This will prevent entry of
foreign matter into the bowl unit.
Continue the pump installation at Par. C.

Fig. 7-2. Open Lineshaft Bowl Unit.

clamp and hoist hook as before. When

hoisting the bowl unit, the lower end
should be guided by a dragline (sand
line) which is pulled by the hoist. The
dragline may be passed through a pulley
(traveling block) hooked onto a sling
which is wrapped around the bowl unit. A
similar dragline installation is shown in
Fig. 7-6 applied to a column section. If
a power-operated dragline is not
available, the lower end must be guided
manually to prevent dragging and possible Fig. 7-3. Bowl Unit Positioned Over
damage. Hoist the bowl unit directly Suction Pipe.
over the top of the suction pipe. (See
Fig. 7-3.) Clean the threads at the B. For the case where the suction pipe and bowl
upper end of the suction pipe and unit have been pre-assembled:
lubricate them with thread compound or
engine oil. Carefully lower the bowl 1. Securely fasten an elevator clamp to
unit until the threads can be engaged by the bowl unit just below the column
hand. Use chain tongs as shown in Fig. coupling. Attach a sling to the elevator
7-4 to complete the joint. clamp and pass the looped end over the
5. When an air line is being installed, hoist hook. (See Fig. 7-3.) The lower
tie it to the bowl unit at intervals of end of the suction pipe should be guided
ten feet. If the bowl unit is too short by a dragline (sand line) which is pulled
for this spacing, make just one by the hoist. The dragline may be passed
attachment, at the top of the bowl unit. through a pulley (traveling block) hooked
onto a sling which is wrapped around the
suction pipe. (A similar arrangement is
shown in Fig. 7-6 applied to a column
pipe.) If a power-operated dragline is
not available, the lower end must be
guided manually to prevent dragging and
possible damage.

2. When an air line is used it should be

tied to the suction pipe and bowl unit
assembly so that the bottom of the air
line is approximately two feet above the
bottom of the suction pipe. Using the
precut tie wires, attach the air lie to
the suction pipe in two places, a few
inches apart. (The manner of making the
attachment is described in the next
paragraph.) Above this, attachments will
be made at intervals of ten feet. If the
bowl unit is too short for this spacing,
tie the air line near the top of the bowl
unit.

Fig. 7-5. Shaft Section Fastened To Lower

End Of Column Section With Rope And
Clamp. Dragline Hooked Onto Same Clamp.

3. Apply the tie wire in the following

method: Loop the wire around the air
line, twist it, loop it around the pump,
and twist it again. Use a heavy pair of
pliers, pulling wire taut when making the
loops, and twisting it tightly to obtain
a rigid attachment.

4. Carefully lower the assembly into the

Fig. 7-4. Installing The Bowl Unit On The
Suction Pipe.
well until the elevator clamp rests on
the supporting timber. Place over the
top of the bowl unit a specially made
wood or metal apron which covers the
opening and fits closely around the
impeller shaft. Wrap a clean rag tightly
around the shaft, over the apron. (See
Fig. 7-7.) This will prevent entry of
foreign matter into the bowl unit.

C. Roll the first column section (shaft section

inside) into position for hoisting, and fasten
an elevator clamp to the upper end, just below
the coupling. Attach the sling to the clamp and
to the hoist hook as before.
 CAUTION

Tension must be maintained on the tail

rope while hoisting, the prevent the
shaft section from slipping out.

When the column is in a vertical position,

remove the dragline block and clamp.

E. NOTE

The shaft threads are left hand.

Carefully lower the column section until the

lower end of the shaft section rests squarely on
the impeller shaft coupling. Untie the tail
rope from the shaft section. Clean the shaft
section threads and lubricate with engine oil.
Start the shaft section into the coupling by
hand, then use a pair of pipe wrenches to screw
the joint tight, butting the bottom of the shaft
section firmly against the top of the impeller
shaft. (See Fig. 7-7.)

Fig. 7-6. Dragline Guiding Lower End Of Column

Section As Column Section Is Being Lifted.

Fasten the shaft section to the column section

by tying with a suitable rope (called a “tail
rope”). Take a clove or timer hitch about two
feet up from the lower end of the column
section; then tie a double half-hitch around the
lower end of the shaft in the threaded area, to
prevent slipping. The remainder of the rope
will be used for manually maintaining tension on
the knots during hoisting. if desired, the
attachment to the column section may be made
with a deep-throated clamp. (See Fig. 7-5.)
Take care that the clamp screw does not bear
against the threads. The same clamp may be used
to attach the dragline. (See below.)

D. When hoisting the column section, the lower

end should be guided by a dragline which is
pulled by the hoist. (See Fig. 7-6.) A
traveling block for the dragline may be clamped
to the lower end of the column section. (See
Fig. 7-5.) Take care that the clamp screw does
not bear against the threads. If a power-
operated dragline is not available, the lower Fig. 7-7. Making A Shaft Joint. Special
end must be guided manually. Hoist the column Protective Apron Placed Over Bowl Unit, With
section over the well. Clean Rag Wrapped Tightly Around Impeller Shaft.
 (b) Using Chain Tongs

(a) Using Capstan Drive And Rope (Cat Head And Cat Line).
Fig. 7-8. Making A Column Joint
 CAUTION

Do not strike the coupling with a hammer

to assist in making the joint tight.
This creates local stresses which may
cause cracking of the coupling when
torque is applied during pump operation.
Likewise do not attempt to loosen a joint
by striking the coupling with a hammer
when dismantling the pump.

File smoothly any burrs which may have been

raised on the shaft section and wipe off all
metal chips with a clean rag. The apron and rag
protecting the top of the bowl unit may now be
removed.

F. Clean the threads at the lower end of the

column section and lubricate them with thread
compound or engine oil. Engage the column
section with the coupling by hand. This joint
can be tightened by means of a capstan drive and
a suitable hemp rope (cat head and cat line) or
by the use of chain tongs. (See Fig. 7-8.) The
end of the column section must be butted tightly
against the top of the bowl unit.

G. Raise the unit a few inches and remove the

lower elevator clamp. Add another length of air
line pipe and tie it securely to the column.
Lower the unit inn to the well, stopping, if
necessary, to tie the air line (ten-foot
intervals). when the upper elevator clamp comes
to rest on the support timbers, remove the
sling.
Fig. 7-9. Sectional View Showing Bearing
H. Slide a bearing retainer over the shaft, Retainer Installed Between Column Sections.
bearing lock ring upward (see Fig. 7-9), using a
slotted tube or pipe and pipe wrench (see Fig.
7-10), screw the bearing retainer into the
column coupling until the outer ring butts
tightly against the end of the column pipe.

CAUTION

The rubber bearing must be kept free of oil,

grease of thread compound.

Place the protective apron over the top of the

column coupling and around the shaft. Wrap a
clean rag tightly around the shaft, over the
apron. Clean the thread at the end of the shaft
and lubricate it with engine oil. Install a
coupling on the lubricated thread, screwing it
on for one-half its length. A fine wire
inserted in the drilled hole at the center of
the coupling can be used as a gage to determine
when the coupling is correctly positioned.
BE SURE TO REMOVE THE WIRE AFTER INSTALLING THE
COUPLING.
Fig. 7-10. Installing bearing retainer, using
slotted pipe and pipe wrench.
J. Hoist the next column section (shaft section
inside) in the same manner as before, and couple
the new shaft and column sections to the
preceding sections per Parts E and F. The lower
end of the new column section must butt tightly
against the rim of the bearing retainer. Attach
an additional length of air line, if applicable,
and lower the unit into the well per Part G.
K. Install the remaining standard-length shaft
and column sections and remaining bearing
retainers in the same manner. When the last
standard-length column section has been screwed
in place, raise the entire unit a few inches and
remove the lower elevator clamp. Lower the unit
into the well until the upper elevator clamp
comes to rest on the supporting timbers. Remove
the sling.
SECTION 8
INSTALLING THE DISCHARGE HEAD
WARNING
there are definite load limitations for the
eyebolts or lifting lugs of cast discharge
heads. See Table 8-1. Exceeding these
loads may result in failure of the
discharge head, serious damage to other
parts of the pump, and grave injury to
nearby personnel.
A. With the pump and all the standard-length
column and shaft sections installed in the well,
the next step is to prepare the discharge head,
top column section for installations.
B. There are two types and many sizes of
discharge heads. The 4x4x10C and smaller sizes
are threaded to receive a threaded top column
section (See Fig. 8-1a.) The 6x6x12 and larger
sizes are fitted with a bolted-on flange (the
top column flange) which receives a threaded top
column section (See Fig. 8-1b.)
WARNING
If for any reason the site is left
unattended before the installation is
complete, all openings must be covered to
prevent entry of children, animals,
stones or other foreign objects, either
by accident or by vandalism. Use
unbreakable covers which cannot be
removed without tools.
Violation of this warning could result in
severe property damage or grave personal
injury.
NOTE
The size designation of the discharge
head is given in raised numbers cast on
the side, just below the driver mounting
surface, or on the top surface of the
base.
C. The discharge head is sometimes shipped from
the factory assembled with the driver. If it is
received assembled, place the assembly on a
clean work surface near the well. If the driver
is supplied with an oil-cooling system, remove
the tubing and fittings and store them in a
clean container. Remove the driver and the top
column flange, and set them aside on a clean
surface. If the discharge head has become
soiled in shipping and handling, clean it
thoroughly, inside and outside.
Fig. 8-1. Discharge Assembles. Sizes Smaller Than 4x4x10C Have An Integral Packing Container
And A One Piece Gland. 16x16x30½ Discharge Assembly Uses Type III Packing Container
Assembly; See Fig. 10-1, Page 25.
 CAUTION
Table 8-1. Load Limitations For Eyebolts Or
Lifting Lugs Of Standard Cast Iron Discharge When lifting the discharge head, take
Heads. care not to bump the protruding top shaft
section against the hoist hook. This
Load Load could result in bending of the shaft.
Discharge Part Applied Applied
Head Size Number Gradually Suddenly

2½x2½x10 2618126 *12,000 Lbs. 3,000 Lbs.

3. Install the top shaft section and top
2½x3x10 2626278 *12,000 3,000 column section in the same manner as for
standard sections. (See Section 7, Parts
4x4x10C 2633099 13,500 3,400 E and F.) Raise the entire unit a few
inches and remove the elevator clamp.
6x6x12 2626278 24,000 6,000
4. If an air line is being installed
6x8x16½ 2618962 37,500 9,400 with the pump, the final protruding of it
should be installed at this time. The
8x8x12 2628669 37,500 9,400 procedure depends upon whether pipe or
tubing is used for the air line.
8x8x16½ 2615803 37,500 9,400

8x8x16½G 2620218 37,500 9,400

10x10x16½ 2617836 37,500 9,400

10x10x20 2629786 37,500 9,400

12x12x20 2617891 37,500 9,400

14x14x24½ 2618026 53,000 13,250

16x16x30½ 2621857 53,000 13,250

* Drop-forged weldless eyebolts of carbon steel.

D. Some pumps are provided with a sole plate

which fits between the discharge head and the
foundation. In this case, check the mounting
surface at the top of the sole plate for
possible damage or unseemliness. Remove any
burrs and clean the surface thoroughly. Mount
the discharge head on the sole plate, and fasten
it with the bolts or cap screw provided.

E. When a 4x4x10C or smaller discharge head is

used, complete the installation in the following
manner:

1. Lubricate the threads at one end of

the top column section, using thread
compound or engine oil, and screw it
firmly into the discharge head.

2. Insert the top shaft section into the

top column section with the keyed,
threaded end of the shaft section upward.
Fasten the two sections by tying with
tail rope or by clamping with a special
tool. Attach the sling to the lifting
eyes on the discharge head, and hoist the
assembly over the well.
 2½ x 2½ x 10 or 2½ x 3 x 10 Heads firmly against the end of the column
a. When pipe is being used, bring the section. (See Fig. 8-1b.)
pipe up to within a short distance of the
discharge head and terminate it with a
coupling and a compression fitting (¼ CAUTION
tube by ¼ NPT). (See Fig. 8-2a.) Take
the short length of ¼ OD tubing supplied When lifting the top column section, take care
with the water level testing system, and not to bump the protruding top shaft section
slip a V1439A fitting over it. This against the hoist hook. This could result in
fitting has been drilled with an oversize bending the shaft.
hole which will permit passing the tubing
through it. Insert the tube through the
top of the ¼ NPT hole in the base, and
screw the fitting tightly in the hole.
Attach the lower end of the tube securely 2. Insert the top shaft section into
to the compression fitting at top of the the top column section with the keyed,
air line. All connections must be threaded end upward. Attach the
airtight. Tie the air line securely to elevator clamp to the top column section
the pump column in two places just below about a foot below the flange, fasten
the uppermost coupling. the top shaft section to the top column
section with tail rope or a special
b. If tubing is being used, bring the tool, and hoist the assembly over the
tubing up to within a short distance of well.
the discharge head and terminate it with
a compression fitting (¼ tube x ¼ tube). 3. Install the top shaft section and
(See fig. 8-2b.) Take the short length top column section in the same manner as
of ¼ OD tubing supplied with a water for standard sections (See Section 7,
level testing system, and slip a V1439A Parts E and F.) Do not lower the top
fitting over it. This fitting has been column section into the well at this
drilled with an oversize hole which will time.
permit passing the tubing through it.
Insert the tube through the top of the ¼
NPT hole in the base, and screw the
fitting into the hole. Attach the lower
end of the tube securely to the
compression fitting at the top of the air
line. All connections must be airtight.
Tie the air line securely to the pump
column in two places just below the
uppermost coupling.

4 x 4 x 10C Head
c. If pipe is used, bring the pipe up to
the bottom of the head and thread it
tightly into the ¼ NPT hole. (See Fig.
8-2c.) Connection must be airtight. Tie
the air line securely to the column in
two places just below the uppermost
coupling.

d. If tubing is used, install the tube

fitting tightly into the ¼ NPT hole in
the bottom of the head. Attach the
tubing securely to the tube fitting.
(See Fig. 8-2d.) All connections must be
airtight. Tie the air line to the column
in two places just below the uppermost
coupling.

F. When a 6x6x12 or larger discharge head is

used, complete the installation in the following
manner:
1. Lubricate the threads at one end of
the top column section, using thread
compound or engine oil. Screw the top
column flange onto the top column section Fig. 8-2. Termination of Air
until the shoulder in the flange butts Line- 4 x 4 x 10C and 2½ x 2½ x 10 or
2½ x 3 x 10 Discharge Heads.
4. Grease both sides of the top column flange
gasket (Fig. 8-1b.) Stick it in place on the
lower surface of the discharge head, aligning
the air line hole in the discharge head.
5. Install eyebolts in two of the driver
mounting holes in the top of the discharge head.
Use the hole over the discharge opening and the
hole diametrically opposite. Attach the sling
to the eyebolts and hoist the assembly over the
pump. (The lifting ears are not used to lift
the discharge head when not attached to the pump
because the discharge head is heavier on the
discharge side and would therefore tip.)
CAUTION
When lowering the discharge head to the
pump column take care not to bump or
scrape the top shaft section protruding
above the column. This could result in
bending of the shaft.
Lower the discharge head slowly, carefully
aligning the central vertical hole in the
discharge head with the top shaft so that there
will be no bumping or scraping as the shaft
enters and passes through the hole. Hold the
discharge head at a point just above the top
column flange and, if an air line is use, rotate
the discharge head as necessary to align the air
line hole in the head with a similar hole in the
flange. If no air line is being installed,
rotate the
Fig. 8-3. Termination Of Air Line- 6 x 6 x 12 Or Larger Discharge Head.
discharge head so that the air line holes do not
align and will be sealed by the gasket.
Continue lowering the discharge head until the
studs enter the holes in the top column flange,
and the discharge head is firmly seated in
place. (See Fig. 8-1b.) Install the hex nuts on
the studs to complete installation. Raise the
entire unit a few inches, and remove the
elevator clamp.
6. If an air line is being installed with the
pump, the final portion of it should be
installed at this time.
a. When pipe is used, the last length of
pipe will be supported in the discharge head
base as shown in Fig. 8-3a. Cut the pipe to
such a length that when the compression
fitting is tightened, the washers will bear
against the top of the ¾-inch straight pipe
thread hole, supporting the weight of the
pipe. Thread the cut end of the pipe and
attach a ¼ NPT coupling. Insert this end of
the pipe into the hole, then screw the lower
end into the existing air line. Place two ½-
inch steel flat washers over the coupling,
and install the compression fitting. All
connections must be airtight. Tie the air
line securely to the pump column coupling.
b. If tubing is used, the upper end of the
tube will be supported in the discharge head
base as showed in Fig. 8-3b. Cut the tubing
to such a length that,

when the upper compression fitting is
tightened, the washers will bear against
the top of the ¾-inch straight pipe
thread hole, supporting the weight of the
tubing. Attach the lower compression
fitting (¼ tube x ¼ NPT) and a ¼ NPT
coupling to the end of the tube, and
insert into the hole. Place two ½-inch
steel flat washers over the coupling, and
install the upper compression fitting.
All connections must be air-tight. Tie
the air line securely to the pump column
in two places just below the uppermost
column coupling.
G. After the discharge head is installed,
always use the lifting ears cast on opposite
sides of the head for hoisting the entire
assembled pump. In the absence of lifting ears,
SECTION 9
ALIGNING THE PUMP
CAUTION
Accurate alignment of the discharge head
in relation to the pump shaft is
absolutely essential for a smoothly
operating, trouble free, and long-lived
installation. NEVER ATTEMPT TO ALIGN THE
DISCHARGE HEAD BY MEANS OF A SPIRIT
LEVEL. If the pump shaft does not hang
freely plumb in the well, as might be the
case when the well is drilled at a slight
slant, leveling the discharge head will
not ensure the necessary shaft alignment
and clearance in the driver spindle. The
discharge head base must be square with
the pump shaft regardless of the result
indicated by a spirit level. A bent
shaft may mean early pump failure and an
expensive repair job.
A. Remove the supporting timbers, rope, and any
other material from the top of the foundation.
Cover the discharge head to protect it from
dust, and sweep the foundation clean.
B. With the pump hanging from the hoist, orient
the discharge outlet in the desired direction by
rotating the entire pump as necessary. Slowly
lower the
pass the slings through the hand holes in the
discharge head, taking care that the slings do
not interfere with the shaft.
CAUTION
Never attempt to lift the pump by means
of eye bolts screwed into the holes for
mounting the driver. Never attempt to
lift the pump by slinging to the driver.
The driver mounting bolts are not strong
enough to carry the weight of the entire
pump.
H. If a sealed well is required, install pipe
plugs in any unused openings in the discharge
head base.
pump, keeping the column centered in the well
casing. If foundation bolts are used, they
should be directly below and in line with the
holes in the discharge head base. Continue to
lower the pump until the bolts just enter the
holes. If no foundation bolts are used, lower
the pump until the clearance between the
discharge head base and the foundation is
approximately two inches.
C. The discharge head will be aligned with the
vertical column by making the packing container
opening in the discharge head as concentric as
possible with the pump top shaft. (See Fig. 8-
1.) Place wedges under the base of the
discharge head, adjacent to the bolt holes, one
under each of the four sides. Lower the pump
slowly. Move the wedges as necessary so that
the base contacts all of the wedges when the top
shaft is centered in the packing container
opening. When the discharge head is firmly
resting on the wedges, remove the sling.
D. Check the alignment, and adjust the wedges
as necessary. For those pumps having a separate
packing container, concentricity may be tested
by sliding the packing container over the top
shaft. If the alignment is correct, the packing
container will drop into place with no
interference. Snug up on any loose wedges to
provide uniform support for the discharge head.
 SECTION 10
INSTALLING THE PACKING
A. The packing container for the 2½ x 3 x 10
and smaller discharge heads is integral with the
casting. The packing container for the 4x4x10C
and larger sizes is separate from the casting,
and is installed as follows:
1. Slide the packing container gasket (Fig.
8-1a, or b) over the top shaft and into
position on the discharge head.
2. Slide the packing container over the top
shaft and into position on the gasket.
3. Firmly attach the packing container to
the discharge head with cap screws provided.
B. The arrangement of the packings depends upon
the head size, the diameter of the top shaft,
and the pressure developed by the pump. Consult
Table 10-1 and Fig. 10-1 for the correct
arrangement for the particular pump being
installed. Note that some pumps require a
lantern ring and a compression spring in
addition to packing rings.
C. The packing rings must have a gap of 1/16 to
1/8 inch and the ends must be parallel. If the
packing is received in coil form, it must be cut
into rings before installing. This can be done
by tightly wrapping one end of the packing
around the top shaft like one coil of a coil
spring, and marking the coil with a sharp knife.
(See Fig. 10-2.) After cutting on the mark,
this length of packing may be used as a template
for cutting all the other rings.
D. To install a packing ring in the container,
grease the ring on all sides and wrap it around
the shaft, just above the container. Start the
ring into the container with the fingers. Be
sure that the ends of the ring do not butt
together or tend to overlap. When the entire
ring is worked in approximately flush with the
top of the container, use the gland to push it
into place. This will ensure that it remains
square with the shaft.
E. NOTE
Install adjacent packing rings with the gaps
180 degrees apart (on opposite sides of the
shaft.)
F. In packing arrangements which use springs,
be sure not to omit the washer between the
spring and the first packing ring. (See Fig.
10-1, Type III.)
G. Place the split gland (Fig. 8-1a, or b) in
the packing container. Insert the gland
retainer bolts in the slots in the packing
container. Place a gland clamp over the end of
each gland bolt so that it holds the two halves
of the gland together. Install nuts on the
gland bolts and turn them finger-tight only.
H. On pumps furnished with a pressure-type
grease fitting at the packing container, apply
grease with at grease gun until grease oozes out
around the gland. A list of recommended
greases, by brand name and manufacturer, is
given in Table 10-2. In addition to its
lubrication value, the grease will help to limit
the amount of fluid leakage.
J. Final adjustment of the packing gland is
done after the pump has been started. This
procedure is explained in Section 17.
K. Install the top shaft seal ring (“water
slinger”, Fig. 8-1a, or b) on the top shaft a
short distance above the gland but well below
the driver mounting surface of the discharge
head.
Fig. 10-1. Packing Arrangements.
Fig. 10-2. Marking The Length Of Coil Form
Packing Required For One Packing Ring.
Table 10-1. Greases for lubrication of lineshaft bearing, suction manifold bearings,
and shaft packing. 3600 RPM maximum. -20˚ F. TO +120˚ F.

NOTE: Other products, not listed here but of equal quality, may also be
used.
 SECTION 11
INSTALLING THE DRIVER
A typical hollow-shaft driver (motor or gear
head) is shown in Fig. 11-1 coupled to the pump
top shaft.
Fig. 11-1. Typical Hollow-Shaft Motor Or
Gearhead Coupled To Pump Top Shaft
A. Remove the driver cover cap screws or nits
and lift off the cover. Remove the top drive
coupling. Attach a sling to the lifting lugs on
the driver, and hoist it to a convenient working
height.
WARNING
Do not work under a heavy suspended
object unless there is a positive support
under it to stop its fall in event of
sling or hoist failure. Disregard of the
warning could result in grave personal
injury.
Standing to the side of the driver, inspect the
mounting surface and register, and clean these
surfaces thoroughly. If any burrs are found,
support the motor on two parallel supports and
remove the burrs with a smooth mill file.
B. Hoist the driver over the discharge head.
CAUTION
When lowering the driver to the pump,
take care not to bump or scrape against
the top shaft protruding above the
discharge head. This could result in
bending of the shaft.
Lower the driver slowly, aligning the axial hole
with the top shaft so that there will be no
bumping or scraping as the shaft enters and
passes through the hole.
C. Orient the driver with the conduit box
(motor) or the input shaft (gearhead) in the
desired position and the mounting holes aligned
with the mating tapped holes in the discharge
head. Lower the driver until the registers
engage and the driver rests firmly on the
discharge head. Install the driver-mounting cap
screws and tighten them gradually and uniformly.
D. Check to see that the top shaft is
concentric with the hollow shaft of the driver,
and that the hollow shaft rotates freely when
turned by hand. Eccentricity at this point may
be due to a bent shaft section or to foreign
particles between butting ends of shaft
sections. The cause must be found and corrected
before proceeding.
E. Some drivers are equipped with an oil-
cooling system which is supplied with cooling
water from the pump or from an external source.
For gear heads, make cooling connections with
flexible tubing or rubber hose.
CAUTION
Do not use rigid pipe for this purpose on
gear heads. Rigid pipe is susceptible to
leaking at the joints in this
application, due to vibration.
F. Lubricate the driver per the manufacturer’s
instructions.
G. Make temporary wiring connections to the
motor, if applicable. The motor voltage rating
is given on the nameplate. DO NOT USE ANY OTHER
VOLTAGE.
 CAUTION

Motors having spring-loaded spherical

roller bearing must not be allowed to run
at normal speed without a load. When
checking direction of rotation, do not
hold the switch closed - just “tap” it.

Momentarily close the circuit to the motor to

check the direction of rotation. The correct
direction is counter-clockwise when viewed from
above. If the rotation is not correct, reverse
it by changing the wiring connections to the
motor. For a three-phase motor, interchange any
two of the three leads. If the motor is single-
phase, directions for reversing rotation are
given on the nameplate. Mark the leads to
indicate the correct connections.

H. Make the final electrical connections to the

motor, using the lead markings previously
d3signated to ensure correct directions of
rotation. If there is any doubt, recheck the
rotation MOMENTARILY (See CAUTION above). All
connections must be insulated in accordance with
the local electrical code.
J. Install the top drive coupling over the top
shaft, the holes in the bottom of the coupling
engaging the drive pins protruding form the
rotor hub or ratchet coupling. Align the
keyways in the shaft and in the coupling, and
insert the gib key (see Fig. 11-2.) The key
must fit snugly against the sides of the keyways
but must have a slight clearance with the bottom
of each keyway. File the key, if necessary,
with a smooth mill file to obtain the proper
fit. Apply a this film of grease to the sides
of the key before installing. Install the cap
screws holding the top drive coupling to the
rotor hub or ratchet coupling.
Fig. 11-2. Gib Key Inserted Into Top Shaft And
Top Drive Coupling. Head Of Key Will Be Pushed
Down Into Slot In Top Of Top Drive Coupling.
NOTE
Some shallow setting pumps (usually less
than 50 feet) require up thrust
protection. If such is the case, above
cap screws must be installed to provide
the protection.
K. Place the top shaft nut on the shaft and
screw it down manually until it contacts the top
drive coupling. Do no tighten the nut at this
time. Do not install the lock screws at this
time. This will be done after the impeller
adjustment has been made (Section 15).
 SECTION 12

GROUTING THE DISCHARGE HEAD

NOTE
It is recommended that only non-shrinking B. Pour the grouting material into the dammed-
grouting material be used for grouting the in area, and force it between the discharge head
discharge head to the foundation. and the foundation all around. Level off the
grout flush with the top of the dam. Allow the
grout to cure at least 48 hours before
A. Build a frame or dam on the foundation, tightening the foundation bolts or starting the
enclosing an area around the discharge head with pump.
includes all the alignment wedges. The top of
the dam should be approximately 1/2 inch above
the bottom of the discharge head base. (See
Fig. 4-1.)

SECTION 13

INSTALLING THE DISCHARGE PIPING

CAUTION

The discharge piping must be independently supported so

that it does not impose a load on the discharge head. If
there is a difference in operating temperature between the
discharge piping and the head, provision must be made in
the installation for differential expansion. Any stress
transmitted to the discharge head may cause misalignment
and subsequent damage to the pump.
 SECTION 14

PRE-LUBRICATING THE SHAFT BEARINGS

CAUTION

The lineshaft bearings are lubricated by the water being

pumped. If the standing water level is 50 feet or more
below the surface, it is essential that the bearings
receive pre-lubrication until the pumped water rises to the
top to the column.

B. If a tank is used, it must be installed high

A. Pre-lubrication is accomplished by enough to permit gravity flow to the discharge
connecting an external source of water to the head.
discharge head or by using pump water stored in
a tank especially for this purpose. The
discharge head is furnished with a pipe top
connection for the necessary piping on the side
opposite the outlet. Fig. 14-1 shows four
suggested methods of providing for pre-
lubrication.
Fig. 14-1. Four Suggested Methods Of Providing For Prelubrication.
 SECTION 15

ADJUSTING THE IMPELLERS

CAUTION

The impellers must be adjusted before any attempt is made

to start the pump.

A. A pump operating in a new well should be run
with its impeller in the mid-position, which is
approximately 3/16 inch above the lateral bowl
wear rings. This is to minimize the possibility
of damage due to sand in the water. When the
water is clear of sand, the impellers should be
reset to the most efficient pumping position.
B. When making the impeller adjustment it
necessary to allow for shaft stretch due to the
downward hydraulic force on the impellers
(hydraulic thrust). For pumps with settings 500
feet or less, this can be determined as
explained below. For pumps having settings over
500 feet, additional factors are involved.
Consult your Peerless Pump dealer.
1. From Table 15-1 select the value for
hydraulic thrust of the pump being installed.
This is given in pounds per foot of pumping
head. Multiply this value by the height (in
feet) of the pumping head to determine the total
hydraulic thrust of the impellers.
2. From Table 15-3, under the shaft diameter
and across from the previously determined
downward force, read the value of the elongation
(stretch) per 100 feet of shaft. Elongation
values for forces not given in the table may be
found by interpolation. This is explained in
the example in Part C.

Table 15-1. Hydraulic Thrust And Weight Data

 3. To find the elongation (shaft
stretch), multiply the elongation per 100
feet by the total length of the shaft,
including the top shaft, divided by 100
feet.
C. Here is an example of a shaft stretch
calculation.
Problem: Determine the shaft stretch for
an 8LB pump which operates against a 350-
foot head and is equipped with a total of
250 feet of 1½-inch diameter shaft. The
bowl unit consists of 12 stages.
1. From Table 15-1, select 2.6 pounds
per foot as the hydraulic thrust of an
8LB pump. Multiply 2.6 by 350 to obtain
the total hydraulic thrust of the
impellers, 910.
2. Consulting Table 15-3, we find that
910 pounds is not listed in the DOWNWARD
FORCE column. However, values are given
for 800 pounds and 1000 pounds. From
these we can find an in-between value for
910 pounds:
.024-.019 = .000025 in./lb.
1000 - 800
elongation at 910 pounds
will be:
.019 +(910-800) x.000025 = .022 inches
3. To find the elongation (shaft stretch)
for 250 feet of shafting:
.022 x 250 = .055 inch
100
D. Before any adjustment is made, the impellers
will be resting on the lateral bowl wear rings,
and considerable resistance due to friction can
be felt when turning the shaft by hand. To set
the impellers to mid-position, proceed as
follows: Screw down the top shaft nut, while
restraining the top shaft form turning, until
the impellers just clear the seals and the shaft
can be turned freely by hand. Scribe a line on
the thread of the top shaft flush with the top
of the nut. Continue to turn down the nut until
the distance from the scribe line to the top of
the nut is 3/16 inch plus the shaft stretch
previously determined. Turn the nut an
additional few degrees, if necessary, to align
two of the holes in the top shaft nut with the
tapped holes in the top drive coupling. Install
the lock screws in the top shaft nut. (See Fig.
15-1.)
E. To set the impellers to the most efficient
position, follow the procedure of Paragraph 1,
page 37, if the pump is driven by an electric
motor. If the pump is driven by any other
device, follow the procedure of Paragraph 2.
WARNING
The driver cover must be in place when the
pump is in operation. Rotating parts below
this cover could cause grave personal injury
if exposed.
 Table 15-3. Shaft Elongation.

Inches Per 100 Feet Of Shaft

Downward Force due to the hydraulic thrust of the pump causes the shaft to stretch after the pump
is in operation. Unless the impellers are raised off the bottom of the bowls enough to allow for
this stretch plus some running clearance, the impellers will rub, causing the pump to wear and
increase the horsepower required.
 Lock Screws Shown In Position But Not Yet
Tightened.

1. An accurate check for the most efficient

impeller setting may be made by observing the
electric power meter or, if more convenient, an
ammeter connected to the power input to the
motor. Operate the pump and watch the meter.
When the impellers are rubbing on the wear
rings, more electrical power will be consumed.
As the impellers are adjusted to just clear the
wear rings there will be a definite decrease in
power consumption. Set the impellers at a
height slightly above where this definite
decrease occurs. Install the lock screws in the
top shaft nut.

2. When the driver is a device other than an

electric motor, the impeller adjustment is made
with the pump stopped.

Fig. 15-1. Impeller Adjustment Completed.

 SECTION 16

STARTING THE PUMP

A. Before attempting to start the pump, check
the water level in the well to be sure that the
first impeller of the pump is submerged.
CAUTION
Do not operate the pump if the first
impeller is above the standing water
level, in this condition the pump cannot
be expected to pump water. Severe damage
to the pump may result.
B. Before attempting to start the pump, check
the readiness of the following items:
* Pre-lubrication piping - essential for
pumps over 50 feet long
* Grease fitting at packing (if applicable)
* Lubrication of the driver
* Oil-cooling connections for the driver (if
applicable)
* Wiring of electric motor (if applicable)
* Impeller adjustment
* Discharge piping connections
* Shut-off valve in discharge pipe - must be
open
E. Start the pump. The remainder of the water
in the pre-lubrication tank will lubricate the
bearings until the column fills. IF THERE IS
EXCESSIVE VIBRATION OR IF THE DRIVER
OVERHEATS, STOP THE PUMP. Determine the
cause and correct the problem before restarting.
F. Leave the tank-to-pump valve open. When the
pump fills the discharge head, water will flow
back into the tank. Shut off the valve when the
tank is filled to the required level. Pre-
lubrication will then be available for the next
time the pump is started.
G. If the pressure at the discharge head is not
sufficient to raise water to the required level
in the pre-lubrication tank, obstruct the pump
discharge line to increase the pressure until
the tank is adequately filled.

CAUTION

If the standing water level is 50 feet or

more below the surface, never start the
pump without pre-lubricating the line
shaft bearings. Pre-lubrication is
necessary even if the pump is started
after a short shut-down.

C. If manually controlled storage tank is used

for pre-lubrication, close the tank-to-pump
valve and fill the tank with clean water.

D. Before starting the pump, allow 75% of the

water in the tank to drain into the pump column.
If an external water supply is used for pre-
lubrication, allow water to pour into the column
for several minutes before starting the pump.
 SECTION 17
ADJUSTING THE PACKING GLAND
CAUTION
Too tight an adjustment of the packing
gland can wear out the packing in only a
few minutes of operation and may
seriously damage the shaft.
A. With the pump in operation there will be
some leakage at the top shaft packing. The
packing gland must now be adjusted to allow a
controlled amount of leakage while maintaining
the required pressure at the discharge head.
The correct leakage rate is approximately one
drop per second. This amount of water passing
through the packing will act as a lubricant and
will carry off excessive heat of friction.
B. Turn down the gland nut only one-sixth to
one-quarter turn at a time. After each
SECTION 18
DISASSEMBLING THE PUMP
WARNING
Do not attempt to lift the entire pump by
the lifting lugs of the driver. These
lugs and the bolts attaching the driver
to the pump cannot support the weight of
the entire pump.
WARNING
There are definite load limitations for
the eyebolts or lifting lugs of cast
discharge heads. Table 8-1. Exceeding
these loads may result in failure of the
discharge head, serious damage to other
parts of the pump and grave injury to
nearby personnel.
adjustment, allow the packing to equalize
against the increased pressure and the leakage
to gradually reduce to a steady rate before
making the next adjustment.
C. The amount of adjusting required will vary
with the pressure developed by the pump at the
discharge head. Never rush the break-in of the
packing, even if it requires several days of
attention to accomplish.
D. On models furnished with a grease fitting
for lubrication of the packing, use a light-
weight grease which will not tend to harden when
in contact with water. A list of acceptable
greases, by brand name and manufacturer, is
given in Table 10-2. In addition to its
lubrication value, the grease will act a water
barrier; thus less packing will be required.
WARNING
Do not work under a heavy suspended
object unless there is a positive
support under it to stop its fall in
event of sling failure. Disregard of
this warning could result in grave
personal injury.
A. Clear a large area adjacent to the pump as a
storage space for pump parts as they are
disassembled. Arrange parallel timbers on the
ground in the cleared area to support the pump
column and shaft sections horizontally.
B. Disconnect the discharge piping form the
discharge head. If the driver is equipped with
an oil-cooling system, remove the external
tubing or piping used for this purpose. On
pumps equipped with air-pressure water-level
testing system, remove the gage and disconnect
the tubing connection inside the discharge head.
Somme pumps have this connection below the base,
in which case the tubing will be disconnected
later.
C. On pumps which are driven through a gear
head, remove the coupling or drive shaft between
the gear head and the prime mover. If the
driver is an electric motor, remove the
electrical connection at the conduit box.
WARNING
Before opening the conduit box of an
electric motor, be certain that the
current to the motor is shut off. An
electrical shock from contact with live
motors leads can be fatal.
Remove the driver from the discharge head in the
following manner. (See Fig. 11-1.) Remove the
driver cover. Remove the lock screws, the top
shaft nut, the gib key, and the top drive
coupling. Remove the driver mounting screws.
Attach the hoist sling to the lifting lugs of
the driver and lift it off the discharge head.
Place the driver on clean wooden blocks in the
storage area.
D. Remove the top shaft seal ring (Fig. 8-1)
from the pump shaft by sliding it up over the
top.
E. Disassemble the packing. (See Fig. 8-1.)
Remove the gland retaining bolts or nuts and the
two gland clamps. Lift off the split gland.
Pull out the packing rings, using a special
packing removal tool or a hooked pointed wire.
If the packing assembly includes a lantern ring
or a compression spring and a washer, or a
bushing, remove these. Be sure to remove any
packing rings that might be below the lantern
ring. If the packing container is a separate
casing (not integral with the discharge head),
remove the cap screws in the packing container
flange, and lift off the packing container.
Remove the gasket.
F. Remove the cap screws or nuts holding the
discharge head to the sole plate or to the
foundation. Attach the sling to the lifting
ears of the discharge head, and hoist the entire
pump straight upward to bring the discharge head
base to the comfortable working height. If the
pump has an air line with a connection point
below the vase, disconnect the line at this
time.
G. The procedure for removing the discharge
head and the top column section varies,
depending on the size of the discharge head.
The size is indicated in raised letters on the
upper surface of the discharge head base.
1. For discharge heads 4 x 4 x 10C or
smaller:
a. Raise the pump until the uppermost
column coupling is about three feet above
the foundation. Attach an elevator clamp
to the column about two feet below the
coupling. Place two short lengths of
timber on the foundation, one on either
side of the well casing, directly below
the ears of the elevator clamp; then
lower the pump until the elevator clamp
rests on the timbers. Remove the sling
from the discharge head.
b. If an air line was installed with the
pump, cut the wires attaching it to the
column. When the air line is tubing,
form the tubing into a coil as each
column section is removed. If pipe was
used, remove each pipe section before the
corresponding column section is
uncoupled.
c. Unscrew the top column section from
the coupling, using chain tongs or a
capstan drive and rope (cat head and cat
line). Attach the sling to the discharge
head lifting ears and lift the top column
about two feet, exposing the line shaft
inside the column. Place over the column
coupling a specially made wood or metal
apron which covers the opening and fits
closely around the shaft. Wrap a clean
rag tightly around the shaft, over the
apron (See Fig. 7-7.) this will prevent
entry of foreign matter into the bearing
and pump. Unscrew the top shaft section
from the shaft coupling, using a pair of
pipe wrenches.
 NOTE
The shaft threads are left hand.
CAUTION
Do not strike the coupling with a hammer to
assist in loosening the joint. This creates
local stresses which may cause cracking of the
coupling when torque is applied during
subsequent pump operation.
CAUTION
When the shaft is completely unthreaded from the
coupling, let it rest on top of the coupling.
Do not permit the shaft to move laterally off
the coupling, as it will fall into the pump
column.
Using a special clamping tool or a suitable
tail rope, fasten the lower end of the shaft
section to lower end of the column section.
(Section 7, Part C.) Lift the discharge
head, column and shaft as an assembly. The
lower end should be guided by a dragline
which is pulled by the hoist. (See Section
7, part D and Fig. 7-5 and 7-6.) If a
power-operated dragline is not available,
the lower end must be guided manually. Move
the assembly away from the pump and lower it
into the cleared storage area, placing
across the parallel timbers.
2. For discharge heads 6 x 6 x 12 or larger:
a. Fasten an elevator clamp to the pump
column, about two feet below the top
column flange (See Fig. 8-1b.) Place two
short lengths of timber on either side of
the well casing, directly below the ears
of the elevator clamp. Lower the pump
until the elevator clamp rests on the
timbers. Remove the nuts holding the top
column flange to the discharge head. Lift
the discharge head form the pump and place
it on clean wooden blocks in the storage
area. Attach the sling to the elevator
clamp and raise the pump until the
uppermost column coupling is about three
feet above the foundation. Fasten a
second elevator clamp to the column about
two feet below the column coupling. Lower
the pump until the elevator clamp rests on
the timbers, and remove the sling.
b. If the air line was installed with
the pump, remove it per Part G, Paragraph
1.b, above.
c. Remove the top column and top shaft
sections as explained in Part G,
paragraph 1.c, above, except that the
sling will be attached to the elevator
clamp near the top of the column instead
of to the discharge head, which has
already been removed.
H. The next step is to remove the bearing
retainer. Unscrew the shaft coupling above the
bearing retainer, using a pair of pipe wrenches.
NOTE
The coupling threads are left hand.
CAUTION
Do not strike the coupling with a
hammer to assist in loosening the joint.
File smoothly any burrs which may have been
raised on the shaft and wipe off all metal chips
with a clean rag. The apron and rag protecting
the pump may now be removed. Remove the bearing
retainer by sliding it up over the top of the
shaft.
J. Remove all the remaining column sections,
shaft sections, and bearing retainers in the
same manner.
K. Pull the bowl unit from the well, using the
elevator clamp and the hoist in the same manner
as for column sections. Certain extra-long
relatively small-diameter bowl units are
susceptible to damage by bending and must be
treated with special care. These units were
originally shipped from the factory attached to
special skids, which should have been retained
for use in removing the unit from the well.
With the bowl unit in a vertical position over
the well, encase the unit in the special skid
before moving it to the storage area. When
placing the type of unit on the parallel
timbers, add two or three additional supporting
timbers to prevent sagging.
L. Pull out the suction pipe, using the
elevator clamp and the hoist. A very short
suction pipe may be left connected to the bowl
unit, if desired, and the two removed as an
assembly. Take care not to damage the strainer
which, on some pumps, is attached to the bottom
of the suction pipe.
 SECTION 19

INSTALLING AND OPERATING THE WATER LEVEL TESTING SYSTEM

A. The air line may be 1/4 inch galvanized pipe
or 1/4 inch OD copper or plastic tubing. It is
tied to the pump column at regular intervals
during the pump installation, as explained in
Sections 7 and 8.
B. Assemble the water level gage and the air
valve on the tee and bracket assembly. Attach
the bracket to the side of the discharge head,
using the cap screws, nuts, and lock washers
provided. (See Fig. 19-1 or 19-2 and 19-3).
C. The connection from the air line to the gage
is made with the short length of 1/4 OD copper
tubing furnished. If the pump has a discharge
head 2 ½ x 3 x 10 or
2½ x 2½ x1 0, this tube has already been
attached to the air line. Connect the
upper end of the tube to the tee at the gage,
using a compression fitting (1/4 tube x 1/4
NPT). (See Fig. 19-1.) If the discharge head
is a 4 x 4 x 10C, the air line has been attached
to the bottom of the head. Install the ¼ elbow
type tube fitting in the 1/4 NPT hole located
just above the bottom flange of the head (See
Fig. 8-2c). Attach one end of the 1/4 OD tubing
to this elbow and the other end to the tee at
the gage, using a 1/4 tube fitting. In the case
of a 6 x6 x 12 or larger discharge head, the air
line was terminated with a compression fitting
at the top of the discharge head base. Attach
one end of the short tube to this fitting and
the other to the tee at the gage, using another
compression fitting. (See Fig. 19-2.)

Fig. 19-1. Gage Installation- 2½ x 3 x 10 or 2½ x 2½ x 10 discharge heads.

D. Determine the exact height from the center
of the discharge outlet to the lower end of the
air line. Mark this height to the nearest foot
in the square provided on the gage dial.

E. Loosen the three dial lock screws on the

face of the gage, and rotate the movable dial
until the graduation corresponding to the pre-
determined height is in line with the pointer.
Re-tighten the screws and check the dial
position to be sure that it has not shifted.

F. Connect a suitable source of air pressure to

the air line at the tee. A hand pump, as shown
in Fig. 19-4, is satisfactory.

Fig. 19-2. Gage Installation- 6 x 6 x 12 Or

G. Pressurize the system and determine that all
Larger Discharge Head.
joints are air-tight and the air line is not
plugged.

H. Standing (static) water level readings are

taken before starting the pump or after a shut-
down period long enough to allow the water level
in the well to normalize. Draw down (pumping
level) readings are taken after the pump has
operated against normal head for a period
sufficient to draw the water level down to the
maximum depth. (See Fig. 19-4.)

J. To obtain the required readings, increase

the pressure in the system (operate the hand
pump) until the gage pointer ceases to rise.
Note the gage reading. This reading is the
depth of the water level below the center of the
discharge outlet.

K. For a complete history of the well’s Fig. 19-3. Detail Of Tee And Bracket Assembly
performance through the seasons, keep a record Attachment To Discharge Head Wall.
by date of all readings taken.
Fig. 19-4. Air Pressure Water Level Testing System.
Running Faults and Remedial Action (Table 1)

1. The pump should be shut down at once, POTENTIAL FAULT OR DEFECT:

and the trouble corrected (refer to Table 1 - No liquid delivered.
Fault Finding Chart), if the pump is
running at rated speed and any of the Insufficient liquid delivered.
following defects occur: Liquid delivered at low pressure.
a) No liquid delivered. Loss of liquid after starting.
b) Not enough liquid delivered.
Pump bearings run hotter than normal.
c) Not enough pressure.
d) Loss of liquid after starting. Motor runs hotter than normal.
e) Vibration. Excessive noise from pump cavitation.
f) Motor runs hot. Excessive vibration.
g) Cavitation (noise).
h) Pump bearing overheat. PROBABLE CAUSES
 Pump not primed.
2. While the pump is running a periodic    Speed too low.
inspection should be made of:   Speed too high.
a) Bearing housing temperature.   Air leak in mechanical seal.
b) With soft packed stuffing box, check
    Air or gas in liquid.
that there is sufficient leakage to
   Discharge head too high (above
lubricate the packing.
rating).
c) With mechanical seal fitted check that
there is no leakage from stuffing box.      Not enough NPSHa.
d) Suction gauge reading (if fitted).    Viscosity of liquid greater than rating
e) Discharge gauge reading (if fitted).  Liquid density higher than rating.
     Insufficient submergence.
Stopping
   Impeller blocked.
   Wrong direction of rotation.
1. Slowly close delivery valve and shut down
driving unit in accordance with   Excessive impeller clearance.
manufacturers' instructions.    Damaged impeller.
 Rotor binding.
2. Shut off external sealing liquid supply, if  Defects in motor.
specified, to relieve stuffing box pressure.
 Voltage and/or frequency lower than
rating.
3. Successful operation of the pumps depends
 Lubricating grease or dirty oil or
on accurate alignment. It is recommended contaminated.
to recheck the alignment after preliminary
 Foundation not rigid.
running.
   Misalignment of pump and driver.
 Bearing worn
  Rotor out of balance.
   Shaft bent.
 Impeller too small.