HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN PERU

INTRODUCTION

Civil engineering is the engineering discipline that uses knowledge of calculation,

mechanics, hydraulics and physics to be in charge of the design, construction and
maintenance of the infrastructures located in the environment, including roads, railways,
bridges, canals, dams, ports, airports. , levees and other related constructions. Civil
engineering is the oldest after military engineering, hence its name to distinguish non-
military activities with military ones. Traditionally it has been divided into several sub
disciplines including environmental engineering, sanitary engineering, geotechnical
engineering, geophysics, geodesy, structural engineering, transportation engineering,
Earth science, urban planning, spatial planning, hydraulic engineering, materials science,
coastal management, and construction engineering. The civil engineer occupies positions
at practically all levels: in the public sector from the municipal to the government level and
in the private sector from small freelance consultants who work at home to those hired in
large international companies.

APPROACH

The history of Civil Engineering in Peru has been present since the beginning of our
ancestors through the creation of UNI and up to today. The activity or profession of civil
engineer is as old as the first civilizations due to their needs that man had since his
appearance For example, the supply of water such as the Moches, the Nazcas, Chavín,
etc. In Moche engineering an engineering work was built LA HUACA DEL SOL whose cut
has allowed to see that the entire pyramid is built with

adobes. It has been estimated that 140 million adobes were used in its building. As the
river cut the pyramid from its base, it has been possible observe that the Huaca del Sol
was not built all in a single moment, but which underwent many modifications and
extensions. The volume of the pyramid (a length, width and height) was enlarged by
building large adobe columns attached to each other. They had adobes for the
construction of this pyramid (the Huaca del Sol) and others from Moche (such as Sipán or
El Brujo) based on the studies of adobe clay, it has been determined that entire sections
de la Huaca are built with adobes from the same quarry, and they have the same type of
brand.

Everything that has been mentioned up to this point also characterizes the engineering
today, with the difference that there is a greater diversity of problems but there are also
countless new tools that allow finding new and better solutions, which in the past were
unimaginable. But long before engineering was developed or started with Mesopotamia
and Egypt, between 3,000 and 600 BC, there is news that there was a class of individuals
who were in charge of building roads, canals, bridges, buildings and developing planning
urban and who were familiar with basic arithmetic and measured angles and the weather.

But the most brilliant contribution of, all the times the Greeks made to science and
therefore to engineering, was the discovery that nature, placed by God at the service of
man, is governed by laws general that can be described in human language.
It is said that the best engineers in ancient times were the Romans. By the necessities
imposed by their great and extensive Empires, they were forced to develop and build a
vast and efficient communications system; the Roman roads are an example of
engineering skill, but to my mind the that surprised the world were the Incas with their
majestic Machu Picchu, wonder of the world which is located on a mountain peak of 2,440
meters high in the Andes mountain range. Machu Picchu is established on slopes they
were very steep and steep. How would you prevent that the constructions did not collapse
in the middle of heavy rains? How would they get access to drinking water and from what
source would it come? this? Hence the great and genius of the Incas.

After the Incas apparently until the nineteenth century there was no notable development
of engineering, this because in those centuries in Peru there was an anarchy commanded
by greed, selfishness and idleness. But with the government of Manuel Pardo in the month
of January 1875 Congress authorized the Executive to create a School of Mines, allocating
50,000 soles for the expenses of its installation since Habich would go to Europe to get
teachers and teaching material. UNI has been and will be the university that carries out the
development of civil and technological engineering in the country.

FIGURE 01. MACHU PICCHU

Machu Picchu (pronounced / mɑtʃu ˈpiktʃu / in Quechua, "old mountain") is the
contemporary name given to a llaqta - an ancient Andean Inca town - built before the 15th
century, located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru, in the mountain range of the
Andes at 2430 meters above sea level.
FIGURE 02. Huacas del Sol y de la Luna
The Huacas del Sol y de la Luna are an archaeological complex located on the north coast
of Peru, considered a Moche sanctuary. It is made up of a set of monuments located about
five kilometers south of the city of Trujillo, in the district of Moche.

CONCLUSION

The need was who made the first engineers. The first discipline of engineering military
engineering was developed to help satisfy a basic need for survival. Every period in history
has had different social and economic climates, as well as pressures that have influenced
greatly both the sense and the progress of science and engineering.
Civil engineering as the main and pioneer of other engineering, has a solid basis for the
development of a certain group, or cover huge amounts of people who contribute is the
main development pole, for thus work hand in hand and provide solutions to the different
difficulties that arise may present and be in antiquity, in the various ages that are
mentioned and at the middle level either Peru, and not to delve further at the level Junín,
where construction is booming and obviously the development.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.geocities.com/historiaingenieria/historiadeingenieria.html
http://www.civilgeeks.com/
http://www.wikipedia.com/