Lecture # 2 26092019

Accident: Is unplanned or unexpected event that occurs

either suddenly or unintentionally and causes harm, injury,
damage or loss to a person or to a property.
 Accidents occur for many reasons, and whenever
happens, people always look for things to BLAME because
it's easier than looking for "root causes".
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration): Is an
American Federal Organization (part of the Department of
Labor) that ensures safe and healthy working conditions by
enforcing standards and providing workplace safety training.
THE MOST SEVEN COMMON ACCIDENT CAUSES
 If you are guilty of any of the following behaviors and not
injured, it does not mean that next time you may be so lucky.
1.Taking Shortcuts: People always take decisions to make the
job FASTER and more EFFICIENT. However, SHORT CUTS
are not always safe as they may increase chances of injury.
2) Being over confident: Confidence is a good thing but,
overconfidence is too much of a good thing which, is an
attitude that may lead to improper procedures, tools, or
methods in your work and any of these may lead to an injury.
3) Starting a task without complete instructions: To
do the job right and safely at the first time, you need
complete instructions. Therefore, you always need to ask for
explanations about work procedures and or safety precautions.
* It is NOT shame to ask questions, it is shame to do
things WRONG.
4) Poor Housekeeping: Housekeeping is an accurate
indicator of everyone's attitude about quality, production and
safety when Clients, Managers or Safety Professionals walk
through working area.
 Poor housekeeping creates hazards of all types while well-
maintained areas set standards for others to follow.
5) Ignoring Safety Procedures:
 Not observing safety procedures purposely may endanger
you and your co-workers.
 You ALWAYS need to follow the company’s safety policies.
Do not make your own rules.
6) Mental Distractions from work: Having a bad day at
home and worrying about it at work is a hazardous
combination and could pull your focus away from safe work
procedures.
7) Failure to Pre-Plan the Work:
Always Plan Your Work and then Work Your Plan.
Accident Prevention Program (APP): A program
developed to fully implement the safety and health
procedures which, elements are designed to prevent
accidents and injuries.
APP: Must be in writing format and its elements are:
1. Management commitment of responsibilities.
2.System that comply employees with safe work practices.
3. Scheduled system inspections.
4. Accident investigation.
5. Procedures for correcting unsafe / unhealthy conditions.
6. Documentation ( keeping records).

APP Requirements For Construction

1- Enforce an effective program.
2- Outlined in writing.
3- Employees Safety Orientation.
4- Weekly (leader / crew) safety meetings.
5- Weekly walk-around safety inspections.
Working Near Water: Working near (in / around) water
is a high risk activity for several reasons:
1) People can very easily fall in and drown.
2) Waves impact (causes exhaustion)
3) Exposure to cold water or heat stress. (cold water may
cause heart attack while heat stress causes sunburn and
dehydration).
4) Exposure to chemicals or biological hazards (e.g. sewage,
bites / stings).
5. Growth of plants and floating or submerged debris.
6) Impact injury (by crushed boat, back injury / strain).
 All areas, where work needs to be carried out near or in
water, must be identified prior to work commencing (before
work), and all necessary precautions must be taken.
 Arrangements must be in place to ensure persons can be
rescued if they fall in.
 Very Important Advises of Safety Control
1) Pre plan your task to identify hazards and eliminate injuries.
2) Suitable waterproof communication devices are to be
used and tasted before departing to working areas.
3) Always work with a partner (and preferably a team) when
working in / or around water.
4) When working in water (or within 4 feet of water edge),
workers must wear certified and properly-sized floatation
devices, which must be inspected for defects prior to use.
 All defective units must be taken out of service.
5) When working above water (or within 4 feet of water edge),
another worker who can immediately summon emergency
rescue must stand around as a guard.
6) Personal protective equipment (PPE) like life jackets are
required and must be worn. While, Traffic Cones, or Plastic
Fencing (or Caution Tape) are to serve as a warning system.