EML 3004C

CHAPTER 10

Mechanical Engineering and Solid

Mechanics

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-1
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Objectives

Differentiate between the different types of basic loading conditions.

Understand how extension of a bar is associated with lateral contraction of the
same bar
Apply Hooke’s Law to basic loading conditions

Sections

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Tension, Compression, Shear, and Torsion
10.3 The Poisson Effect
10.4 Hooke’s Law
10.5 Summary

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-2
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10.1 Introduction
 Given all loads/moments on the given body, to determine deformation
(deflection) and stresses.
 We may also find the allowable loading when failure may occur
 A body is loaded, it deforms; but upon complete unloading body may either
return back to its original state
Then it is elastic- Else Inelastic (plastic)
ELASTIC

INELASTIC

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10.2 Tension, Compression, Shear, and

Torsion

P lb N
Stress,  = Unit is 2 (psi) or 2
A in m
L
Strain,  = (no dimensions)
Lo
If the load is used to extend the rod, it is tension
If the bar is pulled inside, it is compression (A -ve sign is used)

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10.2.1 Shear Force


A body under shear will have an angle change
If  is the shear stress acting over an area A and
Fs is the applied force, then
Fs

A

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10.2.2 Shear Stress Example

 d2 (.5) 2 
A= = = in 2
4 4 16
p
Now Fs  = 2500
2
F 250lb
 avg = s =  16 in 2 = 1273.2 psi
A 

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10.3 Poisson Effect


When a body is under tension, the length increases but width (or
diameter decreases and this effect is called Poisson’s effect.
If  is the Poisson's ratio, then
lateral strain
 =-
longitudinal strain
The values of  are typically between 0.25 and 0.35.

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10.4 Hooke’s Law


In 1678, Hooke postulated
  E
6
10
E is Youngs modulus in Msi,( psi) or Gpa (Giga pascals).

Example
P 50000lb
  2
 3979 psi
A  4 / 4
L 0.006
=   0.0001
L o 5  12
 3979 psi
E=   39.79  106 psi
 0.0001
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