LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
CH 1002 MAKE UP TEST 1
MARKING KEY

Section A [2 marks each]

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. B

5. A

6. A

7. D

8. D

9. A

10. D
Section B [30 Marks]
B1.
a) Define electron affinity [1 mark]
The energy change associated with the addition of an electron to an atom
b) Draw the orbital diagrams for P and Mn [1.5 marks each]

P Orbital diagram

Mn Orbital diagram

c) How does ionisation energy change as you move from right to left on the periodic
table? Elaborate [3]
Ionisation energy decreases [1 mark]

Reason: Moving from right to left, the atomic number decreases thus a
decrease in nuclear pull (attraction) on electrons [2 marks]

d) A laser used to weld detached retinas produces radiation with a frequency of

4.7 × 1012 s-1. What is the energy per quantum of the radiation? [2]

𝑬= 𝒉ν
𝑬 = (𝟔. 𝟔𝟐𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟒 ) × (𝟒. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 ) [1 mark]
𝑬 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟏 𝑱 [1 mark]
 e) Copper absorbs energy with a wavelength of 610 nm. If 4.20  104 J of energy is
emitted, calculate the mass of copper that was present. Assume 1 atom emits 1
quantum [6]

𝒉𝒄 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚
𝑬𝑷 = 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒖 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒔 =
𝝀 𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒉𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒏
(𝟔. 𝟔𝟐𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟒 ) × (𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 )
𝑬𝑷 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒
−𝟗 =
(𝟔𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 )
𝟑. 𝟐𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗
# 𝑪𝒖 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒔 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 [1 mark]
𝑬𝑷 = 3.26 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 [2 marks]

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 (𝒏𝒄𝒖 ) 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏𝒄𝒖 × 𝒎𝒂

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒖 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒔 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 × 𝟔𝟑. 𝟓𝟒𝟔 𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍
=
𝑨𝒗𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒐′ 𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟔𝒈 [2 marks]
𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑
=
𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑
𝒏𝒄𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 [1 mark]

B2
a) What is meant when a molecule is said to have a dipole moment? [1 mark]
The molecule has a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge
b) Compare electronegativity trends down a column of the periodic table with that of
atomic radii. How are they related? Elaborate [3 marks]
Down a group, electronegativity decreases. This because there is an increased
distance between the valence electrons and nucleus, or a greater atomic radius.
Thus electronegativity decreases with increasing atomic radius.

c) Draw the best Lewis structure of PO33- and predict its molecular geometry/shape.
State the number of sigma and pi bonds in the molecule. What are the expected hybrid
orbitals on the central atom? [5]

𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒆: Tetrahedral [1 mark]

3 sigma and 0 pi bonds [1 mark]
Sp3 hybrid orbitals [1 mark]
[2 marks]
 d) Study the resonance forms shown below. Which structure, A, B or C contributes the
most to the resonance hybrid? Explain your reasoning. [6]
[3 marks]

Structure A is the most stable resonance Lewis structure since the negative formal
charge is carried out by N the most electronegative atom compared to S and C.
[3 marks]