What is structural isomer?

Also known as a constitutional isomer, one in which two or more organic compounds
have the same molecular formulas but different structures.

Table 3. Types of Structural Isomerism

TYPE DESCRIPTION ILLUSTRATION/ EXAMPLE

Chain When two or more
compounds have similar
molecular formula but
different carbon skeleton

Positional When two or more

compounds differ in the
position of
substituent/functional group
atom and group on the
carbon skeleton.
Functional Having the same molecular
formula but different
functional groups

Metamerism Arises due to unequal

distribution of alkyl groups
on either side of the
functional group in the
molecule.

Tautomerism Two structural isomers are

mutually interconvertible
and exist in dynamic
equilibrium

Ring chain Special case, occurring due

to the different
arrangements of carbon
atoms in a ring and in
chain.