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Regenerative Power Control for Electric Bicycle

Conference Paper · November 2006

DOI: 10.1109/SICE.2006.314654 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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Nitipong Somchaiwong Wirot Ponglangka

Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna
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SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference 2006
Oct. 18-2 1, 2006 in Bexco, Busan, Korea
Regenerative Power Control for Electric Bicycle
Nitipong Somchaiwong' and Wirot Ponglangka2
Department of Electrical, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiangrai Campus
Chiangrai, 57120, Thailand
(Tel: +66-0-5372-9600; E-mail: thaijoblessghotmail.com)
2Department of Electronic, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiangrai Campus
Chiangrai, 57120, Thailand
(Tel: +66-0-5372-9600; E-mail: wirotepghotmail.com)
Abstract: This paper presents the design regenerative power control for electric bicycle. PM brushless dc motor use
on electric bicycle. In electrical bicycle system occurs due to the regenerative power regulating to prevent a DC-link
over-voltage condition. Regenerative power control circuit is absorbing regenerative power in the battery. Details of the
motor and the electronic converter are given. The regenerative power control for electric bicycle method is a sample
and a low-cost solution. Test results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed motor design.
Keywords: electric bicycle, regenerative power control, BLDCM, permanent magnet brushless dc motor.

1. INTRODUCTION
In this paper, we describe a studying and designed From fig. 1 is shown the original model of Electric
regenerative power control for an electric bicycle. This bicycle which motor inside the wheel installation. The
method uses to examine the energy remainder from a voltage of 36V is necessary for this motor.
motor while a motor was suspended to brake off. This
proposes capable to inspection the voltage that supplies
to motor and comparison with the reflected voltage from
the motor. Normally, a motor was performed as a load
of circuit and have the voltage equivalents to same
value. When we describing to this characteristic,
meanwhile a bicycle are running on a slope down of
route, caused to increasing a cycle speed of motor more
than a normally situation. In previous, is the main
reason to have an experiment of a regenerative power
control for electric bicycle. The experiments results
were succeed according to designed condition.

2. AN ELECTRIC BICYCLE THEORY

Electric bicycles were lead to more popular in used
on present-day. At the present moment, the energy price
from oils was more expensive. The used of motor type
in this paper was in wheel of Electric bicycle type. The
useful of this motor type is use to perform an original
model in the studying and designing inspection and
regenerative power control circuit. The components of
an Electric bicycle as shown in fig. 1
Fig. 2 The in wheel motor.
From fig. 2 is an in wheel motor type has voltage
limiting on 36 V. and the motor speed is 300 rpm.
3. BASIC OF IN WHEEL MOTOR DRIVING
In wheel motor has a basic structure similar to
BLDCM (Brushless DC Motor). In generally, have a
coil is winding enclose to at stator and have permanent
magnetic located at the core of rotor as in figure 3.

Fig. 1 Original of An Electric bicycle.

89-950038-5-5 98560/06/$10 C 2006 ICASE

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 IF
Output > input = charger on
Output< input = off
End.
From the abovementioned, we can design the
regenerative power circuit accomplished as shown
in figure 5.

2 DI I

R1 Tr

I
Fig. 3 The Structure of In Wheel motor. Battery R4 IGBT Motor

From fig. 3 is shown the structure of In wheel motor

D,~~~
In
D2
~ 19
for the original model in this propose. IF

4. THE BASIC OF ENERGY CONTROL
CIRCUIT OFAN ELECTRIC BICYCLE
In fig. 4 is shown a diagram of an Electric bicycle
control circuit and divided to two parts.
1. Regenerative power inspector circuit.
2. Battery charger circuit.
Fig. 5 A Regenerative Power Status Inspector Circuit.
The operation of figure 5, if the voltage on "1"
positions are greater than "2" positions, while a position
"1" as output but position "2" as the input. A result from
difference voltage is leading to control transistor on.
The current is driving by transistor passing through R3
and R4 to ignite the gate of IGBT switches ON state. A
result from IGBT switches ON state, and causes the
voltage across on position "X" and D2 will prevent
over voltage of IGBT

4.2 BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT

The function of battery charger is that operate
continuing from regenerative power circuit by receive
voltage across "X" position entering to be input voltage
Fig. 4 Diagram of power control circuit of Electric of battery charger according to figure 6.
Bicycle.
RI
From fig. 4 this diagram is describing the principle of DI
power control circuit operation of an Electric bicycle.
The control circuit is dividing to two parts for
inspection the status of regenerative power and battery
charger control circuit. The principle operation of D2 2 , C3
control circuit is show in this detail.
x
4.1 REGENERATIVE POWER STATUS
INSPECTOR CIRCUIT TR2l TC2 R5
This circuit used to examine the regenerative power
status by checking the magnitude of voltage at the out
put of circuit. The method in order to inspection Fig. 6 Battery Charger Circuit.
accomplished by connecting a wire on a pole of motor
position comparison with input voltage by connected on An operation of battery charger of circuit in figure 6
a pole of battery position. accomplished with the voltage across input position or
IF magnitudes on the output voltage are greater "X" position of regenerative power circuit, there are the
than input voltages, a regenerative power control circuit current passing through R1 , R4 and R3 to activation
is operating by transmitting an electric signal to battery
charger circuits operating according to this procedure. the operation of Q2 and Q1 respectively. While Q1 is

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ON state, the output voltage usable to charge battery at motor state. The other hand, the red line is representing
mechanic energy supplied to motor state.
position (VX ) .
5.2 The experimental for regenerative power control
5. THE EXPERIMENT RESULTS Circuit
5.1 An experimental of relationship between voltage The experiment setting by initialization
supplied to motor and motor speed according modeling the velocity of motor speed are stable at
40 rpm with supplied the voltage to motor is 5 volts
Table 1 The relationship between voltage supplied to and supplied mechanical energy to motor for
motor and cycle speed.
regenerative power in experiment of Electric bicycle.
Voltage(V) speed(rpm)
5 40
10 90
15 130
20 180
25 220
30 270
35 310

From table 1 is the relationship between voltage

powers supplied with cycle speed occurred meanwhile
we supplying the power to motor.

Fig. 8 The situation Modeling for Regenerative State.

Table 2 The relationship between motor speed and
voltage while supplied mechanical energy to motor. Table 3 The results of modeling by supplied voltage
to motor 5 V.
speed(rpm) Voltage(V)
40 4.2
90 9.2
speed(rpm) Vx (V)
130 14 40 0
180 19 90 9.72
220 23 130 11.93
270 28 180 12.17
310 32 220 12.41
270 13.24
From table 2 is shown the relationship between cycle 310 15.24
speed and voltage while supplied mechanic energy to
motor and the results inform of graphic according to 18-
fig. 7 is the voltage versus motor cycle speed. 16
14-
12-
40
35;
30
6-
4-
25-
2
20 -
0
0 15-
40 90 130 180 220 270 310
10

5- Speed(V)
0-
40 90 130 180 220 270 310
Speed(rpm) Fig. 9 Graph illustrations for the Operating of
Regenerative Power Circuit.

Fig. 7 The relationship of voltage and cycle speed of
Motor.
From fig. 7 there are 2 state of the relationship
between voltage and cycle speed according to the blue
line is representing an electrical energy supplied to
From table 3 and fig. 9 is shown the characteristic
operating of inspector circuit while cycle speed of motor
more than 40rpm. The motor will generating output
voltage more than 5V, caused the regenerative power
circuit operated and appearance the voltage across VX .
This voltage usable to charge battery.

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 6. SUMMARY
This paper proposes a studying and designed
regenerative power control for an electric bicycle by
generating a model situation of regenerative power. The
results of an experimental, we can storage an electrical
energy in real time and use as to original modeling in
order to improve in the practical application. The
propose method were derived completed with more
simply and save cost.
REFERENCES
[1] Tomy Sebastian and Shashi B. Dewan,
"Comparison of Dual - Converter Based Power
Supply Systems," IEEE Transations on Industry
Applications, Vol. 25, No. 2, March/April 1989.
[2] Dennis H. Braun, Tomas P. Gilmore and Walter A.
Maslowski, "Regenerative Converter for PWM AC
Drivers," IEEE Transations on Industry
Applications, Vol. 30, No. 5, September/October
1994.
[3] T.F. Chan, Lie-Tong Yan and Shao-Yuan Fang,
"In-Wheel Permanent-magnet Brushless dc Motor
Drive for an Electric Bicycle," IEEE Transations
on Energy Conversion, Vol. 17, No. 2 June 2002.
[4] Duane C. Hanselman, Brushless Permanent -
Magnet Motor Design. McGraw-Hill,Inc. 1994.
[5] T. Kenjo and S. Nagamori, Permanent-Magnet and
Brushless DC Motors. Oxford University Press,
New York, Oxford. 1985.
[6] R. Krishnan, Electric Motor Drives, Modeling,
Analysis, and Control. Prentice Hall, Inc. New
Jersey. 2001.

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