Diploma in Elementary Education (D. El. Ed.

)
[According to the Latest Syllabus with effect from 2015-17 Batch onwards]

SECOND YEAR
Paper – 4

PEDAGOGY OF ENGLISH
AT PRIMARY LEVEL

State Council of Education Research and Training

Andhra Pradesh State
Amaravati

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 Textbook
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Sandhya
Rani

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Jeelani
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Pandu
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Ramana

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Krishna
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A Publication of Government of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati

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Dr

Rama
Krishna
Rao
Ayyagari

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Nageswara
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Pandu
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Course

Andhra
Pradesh
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CONTENTS



UNIT伸Რ





ISSUES
OF
TEACHING
ENGLISH
AT
THE
ELEMENTARY
STAGE



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UNIT伸





CLASSROOM
TRANSACTION
PROCESS

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Unit
–




PLANNING
AND
MATERIAL
DEVELOPMENT



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㉀軨⦸㉀
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Unit–






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§§§§ĢöĢönöĜ§§§§§§§§◤軨﹔
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뜘﹔
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ĢöĆn§§§§§§§§㉀﹔⦸§㰬㉀㴴§


APPENDICES

Ĵ§
§
BIBLIOGRAPHY

UNIT – 1

ĆĀ§
§


UNIT伸Რ

ISSUES
OF
TEACHING
ENGLISH
AT
THE
ELEMENTARY
STAGE



Რ
Რ






INTRODUCTION

ᴐ㉀軨§㴴
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§㉀ §Ŷ
远 ö§
Რ








OBJECTIVES

Ş ﹔§远軨蓨
§ ﹔§軨
î§蓨㉀軨§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§§

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﹔远ՠ
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ՠ軨﹔§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§远
軨远 §﹔諀﹔﹔
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
§ՠ
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ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§
nÝ 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§㉀ §뜘軨
軨ՠ远뜘§ՠ
§ ㉀諀§§⦸ՠ
§﹔§軨远﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§⦸ §﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔§
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﹔ՠ
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ú﹔ՠ⦸ 
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⦸蓨§
ĖÝ 㴴
㉀諀§ ㉀諀§㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
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軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
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ĜÝ ՠ﹔⦸ՠ﹔§Ŷ
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远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ§ ՠ⦸㉀远ö§
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Რ
ૼ






ISSUES
OF
LEARNING
ENGLISH
IN
A
MUTILINGUAL䔜MULTI伸CULTURAL














SOCIETY




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Activity



ĆÝ Ş远㴴§蓨㉀軨§ ﹔㉀諀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀§远§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§  ﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
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activities

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§ ՠ远远﹔§ 
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§ 
§
㉀ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ú远ö§


Რ
ૼ
Რ





MULTILINGUALISM
IN
INDIA



佨軨
軨ՠ远뜘§⦸ՠ
§﹔§﹔ 
﹔§ՠ远§
軨远⦸§﹔远蓨§ՠ
§§远§軨
﹔远ՠ§
§
ՠ軨﹔ö§§ⵔ
ՠ§
远§ՠ§﹔ ﹔⦸§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ §뜘軨
軨ՠ远뜘ö§
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ㉀ 뜘ՠ﹔蓨§ĆĜ§㉀ ⦸ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§
§ⵔ
ՠ§
ՠ
§ՠ㉀軨
§ĆĜĀĀ§ՠ﹔⦸远§ՠ
§ՠ﹔﹔远ö§
㉀軨 §Ŷ
远 §远§ՠ§远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§蓨﹔§§﹔
㉀蓨远§뜘㉀﹔§
﹔远㉀軨远§ ﹔軨ՠ㉀
§  ՠ
§  ՠ§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ 뜘㉀ ﹔ð㉀
軨﹔ð
ö§ §  ⦸ՠ蓨§  ﹔§  ﹔﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
㉀뜘軨ՠ§ ﹔ 远远§ 
§  ﹔§ ⵔ
ՠ
§ ﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ 远蓨远﹔뜘ö§
﹔﹔ ㉀﹔î§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔軨⦸ՠ﹔§ ⵔ
ՠ
§ 远§ 远軨㉀远﹔§ ㉀§
㴴
㉀諀§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ远§  ﹔﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§ ՠ
§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§﹔§ ՠ§㉀蓨㉀ö§ § ާ㉀蓨㉀§ 远§ ՠ§ ﹔远㉀
§ 諀 ㉀§ 远§
³ՠ﹔§㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴§뜘㉀﹔§ ՠ
§諀㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§諀 §ՠ㉀ 뜘ՠ﹔蓨§﹔䜜軨ՠ§﹔ՠ远﹔§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘 ㉀³ö§§
远§諀ՠ蓨§
﹔﹔蓨§﹔軨⦸ՠ﹔§ⵔ
ՠ
§远§ՠ§㉀蓨㉀§㉀§ՠ§﹔ՠ远§ՠ§
軨ՠ§
§軨﹔§远﹔
远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔뜘ö§
§
Რ
ૼ







THE
ROLE
OF
ENGLISH
IN
INDIAN
MULTILINGUAL
SETTING



Ŷ
远 § 远﹔﹔远§ 諀㉀§ 軨㉀远﹔远ö§ 远î§ § ㉀﹔远§ ՠ§ 
軨远⦸§ ㉀㉀§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ՠ뜘
远ՠ﹔§
⦸㉀ ﹔远﹔
﹔远远§㉀ §ՠ§⦸㉀軨
蓨î§ՠ
î§远﹔⦸㉀
蓨î§§远﹔﹔远§ՠ远§ՠ§ՠ
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⦸ՠ㉀
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远軨⦸㉀
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﹔ §㉀§﹔ ㉀뜘§㉀﹔远§﹔﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§远㉀⦸ՠî§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
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远ՠ﹔§
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远 ö§§ⵔ§远§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ ՠ⦸§ ՠ§Ŷ
远 §远§
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§ ﹔﹔ §远 §ՠ §⦸ՠ远﹔ §㉀ §諀﹔ §
⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
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軨ՠ﹔远§×뜘軨ð

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﹔ ö§ ՠ⦸㉀远§ 远軨⦸ § ՠ远§ ㉀⦸ՠ§ ՠ

﹔ ՠ㉀
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远軨﹔远§ՠ§﹔䜜軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔ 远﹔
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﹔ð⦸軨軨ՠ§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
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远 §远§ՠ远㉀§ ﹔§ՠ
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軨ՠ﹔§
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ՠ§㉀§ ﹔§諀㉀ö§
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﹔§ ՠ㉀﹔§ Ŷ
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軨ՠ﹔§ 远§  ﹔§
ՠ㉀
远§ 
軨ՠ franca’ö§ § ⵔ§ 
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ⵔ
ՠ§ՠ远§ՠ§
軨远⦸§﹔
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§㉀ §ⵔ
ՠî§§远§軨뜘ՠ﹔蓨§远軨﹔远﹔§ ՠ§
 ﹔§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§뜘軨远§⦸㉀

軨﹔§㉀§ՠ蓨§远§㉀﹔ö§
§
Რ
ૼ
ૼ


MULTILINGUALISM
AS
RESOURCE
FOR
ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
TEACHING



ⵔ
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§㉀ §뜘ՠ
蓨§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远ö§佨ՠ
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軨ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
§
Რ









ISSUES
RELATED
TO
TEACHER
PROFICIENCY

﹔§远远軨﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§远§㉀ §⦸㉀
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§㉀§㴴
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﹔
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§

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﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
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﹔§
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ö§§
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ⵔ§ 远§ ﹔﹔﹔§  ՠ§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
ՠ§ 远㴴远§ 諀﹔﹔§ ﹔⦸﹔﹔§ ՠ远§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀远§
뜘㉀ՠ
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﹔
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軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
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⦸﹔î§Ū ՠ远ՠ
§远軨﹔远远§ ՠ§湌§
§
“the stress in second language learning and teaching [has shifted] from a
language-based curriculum to a communication-based curriculum, and greater
importance is placed on functional approaches. This orientation leads to
recognition that linguistic accuracy is only one component of proficiency and to an

ĆĢ§
§
 emphasis on communication as opposed to the memorization of linguistic forms for
discrete-point test items.Ӥ


Რ


Რ





LANGUAGE
TEACHER
PROFICIENCY
IN
GENERAL




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軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ蓨§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§㉀﹔§ ﹔蓨§
ՠ﹔§
î§ ﹔§远ՠ﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ՠ﹔﹔î§ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§㉀ՠ뜘뜘﹔§蓨﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö

Რ




ACQUISITION
OF
LANGUAGE
vs

PREPATING
CHILDREN
FOR











EXAMINATION



Ū ﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀ ﹔§ ㉀
軨﹔§  ㉀軨 § 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ՠ﹔
远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§
﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§  ՠ§ 远軨㉀軨
远§  ﹔뜘ö§
﹔§
﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ﹔远§  ﹔§ 諀ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀§ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ⦸﹔ö§Ş远§﹔ ﹔远§远軨﹔远î§ ﹔﹔§远§ՠ
§

ՠ﹔§⦸ՠՠ⦸蓨§
§﹔﹔蓨§ 軨뜘ՠ
§﹔
§㉀§
ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§Ť蓨§ ﹔§뜘﹔§ՠ§⦸ §远§ ﹔§蓨﹔ՠ远§㉀î§远ú ﹔§⦸ՠ
§﹔ ﹔远远§﹔ՠ远§⦸﹔ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ뜘㉀远§
﹔ ﹔⦸蓨§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§ ㉀
§ ㉀ § ﹔諀§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§ Ş ㉀軨 § ՠ﹔
远§
﹔﹔§ 远§ 諀 §
⦸ ﹔
§㉀§﹔ ՠ
§ ﹔뜘§ ﹔§諀㉀㴴
远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§ ﹔§軨﹔ՠ
⦸﹔远§远 ㉀諀§ՠ§远軨﹔§⦸㉀뜘뜘ՠ
§
㉀ §
⦸ՠ﹔§軨﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ﹔
远§ ՠ§諀㉀軨§﹔§ՠ
§ՠ軨§⦸ՠ蓨§ §远ú ﹔§﹔§㉀§뜘﹔뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔뜘§ՠ
§
軨远﹔§  ﹔뜘§ ՠ⦸⦸軨ՠ﹔蓨ö§
远§ 远軨﹔远远§  ՠ§ § 远§  ㉀軨 § ﹔ ㉀远軨﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ 뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§
⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§  ՠ§ՠ§ 远§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔î§諀 ㉀軨§ ﹔§
﹔﹔§㉀ §远蓨远﹔뜘ՠ⦸§远軨﹔远§㉀ §ՠ
蓨§
㴴
ö§㰬 ﹔
§§⦸㉀뜘﹔远§㉀§远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

§
§⦸ ﹔
î§蓨㉀軨§諀§
㉀⦸﹔§ ՠ§ 远§ ՠ﹔
远§
ՠ뜘㉀远§ ﹔
⦸ՠ蓨§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 远§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§ Ş
§ ﹔﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ㉀⦸軨远§ 뜘㉀﹔§ ㉀
§  ﹔§
⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ远﹔⦸§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§㉀
§軨远§軨﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ﹔
远§ ㉀§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§
﹔﹔ՠ§ ՠ
§ 뜘﹔뜘㉀﹔ö§ ⵔ
§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§
﹔﹔远§ ՠ§ 远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀ §
ՠ軨ՠ§
⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
ö§

﹔§ ﹔뜘 ՠ远远§ 远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔ § ㉀ §  ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§ ՠ
§
㉀§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ㉀뜘ö§ ᴐ㉀軨
§
远軨﹔
远§ 諀 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ㉀ § ՠ⦸䜜軨
§ ՠ§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔
蓨§ ㉀ § 풴㉀
§  ﹔§ ㉀§
ՠ⦸⦸﹔ö§
﹔蓨§﹔ՠ蓨§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§諀 §⦸ՠ远远뜘ՠ﹔远ö§ⵔ
§远 ㉀î§諀﹔§远﹔﹔§ 远§
﹔
﹔
⦸蓨§
§諀 ⦸ §远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ﹔§䜜軨﹔§ՠ諀ՠ﹔§㉀ § ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§

§蓨㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ
§ ﹔§
ՠ蓨§㉀§뜘﹔뜘㉀﹔§軨﹔远§⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远蓨§×ՠ ㉀軨 § ﹔蓨§諀§﹔ 
﹔蓨§
ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§  ﹔뜘§  ㉀軨 § ՠ§ ՠ
远ð㉀
§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ § 軨远§ ՠ远§  ﹔蓨§ § 諀 §  ﹔§ 뜘㉀ ﹔§ ㉀
軨﹔ݧ

ĆĮ§
§
ӄ
㉀軨
ՠ﹔蓨î§諀 ﹔
§§⦸㉀뜘﹔远§㉀§ՠ軨§远軨﹔
远î§ՠ§䜜軨⦸㴴§㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔
§뜘﹔ ㉀㉀㉀﹔远§ՠ
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ ՠՠՠ﹔§ ⦸﹔ՠ蓨§ 远 ㉀諀远§  ՠ§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§ 远§ 远﹔§ ՠ远﹔î§
﹔﹔⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔﹔
§
远﹔ՠ﹔ö§ⵔ
§ՠ뜘㉀远§ՠ§⦸ՠ远﹔远î§⦸㉀軨远﹔远§﹔㉀﹔§ՠ㉀軨
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠî§ՠ﹔
远î§﹔﹔㉀
远î§
远§
ՠ
§㉀﹔§뜘﹔뜘㉀ՠ㉀
§諀 ㉀軨§﹔﹔
§ՠ§ 軨뜘ՠ
§
﹔㉀⦸軨㉀§㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 ö§

﹔§ ﹔蓨§ 远ՠ뜘﹔§ ⦸㉀軨远﹔远§  ՠ§ ㉀뜘远﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 
﹔﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ՠ蓨§ ㉀§
⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ 軨㉀
§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ ㉀§
㉀§ ㉀ ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ՠ§ 远
﹔§ ⦸ ՠ
⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔
ՠ﹔§ 
§
뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
远ö§§㉀諀§⦸㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ §蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§
﹔﹔§﹔
§
 ﹔§⦸ ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴§諀 §ՠ§﹔ՠ§﹔远㉀
Œ§ⵔ
§远㉀뜘﹔§㉀ ﹔§远⦸﹔
ՠ㉀远î§
§諀 ⦸ § ﹔﹔§远§ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔î§ ﹔§
諀㉀㴴§㉀
﹔§
§⦸ՠ远远§远§뜘㉀远蓨§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨§㉀﹔
﹔ĺ§﹔
远﹔远î§軨﹔远î§뜘軨﹔§⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§ՠ
§
远㉀§㉀
§ՠ
§远㉀§ ㉀ ö§ⵔ远§ 远§远뜘ՠ§㉀§ ﹔§諀ՠ蓨§
§諀 ⦸ §ՠ§⦸ §ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔远§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔Œ§§Ű﹔ 
﹔蓨§

㉀ö§ ㉀§ 諀㉀
﹔§ 諀 蓨§ 远㉀§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ ﹔㉀﹔§ ՠ§ 
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨
§ ՠ§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§ 沤뜘蓨§
﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§諀 ՠ﹔﹔§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§远§  蓨§軨

ՠ軨ՠ§ՠ
§﹔㉀§㉀ §뜘﹔ՠ

§㉀§ ﹔뜘ö§
远§远§ ﹔§
﹔§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

ö§

ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ远§ 远﹔﹔
§ ㉀ՠ蓨§ 远§
㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔ö§ ⵔ§ 远§  ﹔§ ﹔远軨§ ㉀ § ﹔⦸§

远軨⦸㉀
§ 
§  ﹔§ 軨﹔远§ ㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ Ş
§ §⦸﹔ՠ
蓨§远§
㉀§ ՠ
§ ՠ﹔ðՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀§ ㉀軨§
蓨㉀軨
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ § ՠ远§ § 远§
㉀§ ㉀§ ՠ軨远§ ﹔ ﹔ö§ ⵔ
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

î§ 远軨﹔
远§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§
㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔諀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§⦸ՠ
§ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ ՠ§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔ö§
﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
§ §
§ ﹔§ՠ
㴴远§㉀
§
ՠ§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ ՠ﹔ö§ ﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ § ՠ远§ 远 ㉀諀
î§ ㉀諀﹔﹔î§  ՠ§ 㴴
㉀諀
§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ 軨﹔远§ ㉀﹔远§
㉀§

﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§ ﹔远軨§ 
§ ㉀㉀§ 远﹔ՠ㴴
§㉀§ 諀
ö§Ş§远軨﹔
§ 諀 ㉀§ ՠ远§ 뜘﹔뜘㉀﹔§  ﹔§ 軨﹔远§ ㉀ § ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§远軨⦸⦸﹔﹔§㉀
§ՠ§远ՠ
ՠ﹔§﹔远§㉀ §Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§軨§뜘ՠ蓨§
㉀§﹔§ՠ﹔§
㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴§㉀§諀﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸蓨ö§Ş远§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远î§§远§㉀軨§軨蓨§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§远軨﹔§ ՠ§㉀軨§远軨﹔
远§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§
ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§

㰬 § ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ՠՠ뜘§⦸ ﹔
§諀§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§
﹔﹔
﹔
§軨远﹔远§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§諀 ﹔﹔§
ՠ远§  ㉀軨 § ﹔ՠ

§ ՠՠ뜘§ ⦸ ﹔
§ 諀§ ﹔§ ⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ 諀 ⦸ § ﹔远§  ﹔뜘§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ
§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
远ö§
远§远§ ﹔§远軨ՠ㉀
§諀 §远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㴴﹔§Ŷ
远 ö§ⵔ § ﹔§⦸ §远§

㉀§﹔
§﹔
ՠ﹔§
§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀㉀軨远蓨§§﹔ՠ远§㉀§뜘﹔뜘㉀ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§㉀뜘§
§ ﹔§
﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
远ö§ Ű㉀§ 諀﹔§ 諀ՠ
§ ㉀軨§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ 
§ ՠ§
ՠ軨ՠ§ 远﹔
§ ㉀§ ㉀§ 뜘﹔뜘㉀﹔§ ⦸﹔ՠ
§

軨远⦸§ ՠ⦸远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 軨㉀远﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
Œ§ Ş远§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 諀﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§  
㴴§ ՠ㉀軨§  远ö§
Ū ﹔
§뜘ՠ蓨§
㉀§﹔§
ՠ軨ՠ§﹔ՠ

§﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§
§Ŷ
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⦸﹔î§远⦸ ㉀㉀远§
远 ㉀軨§ՠ㴴﹔§軨§ ﹔§﹔远㉀
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§远軨⦸ §﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
ö§㉀§㉀
蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
Ŷ
远 î§軨§㉀ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ远㉀§远 ㉀軨§ՠ㴴﹔§軨§﹔远㉀
远蓨§
§ 远§﹔ՠö§﹔﹔§ՠՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ ﹔§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
§㉀ §Ŷ
远 §ՠ远§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ§뜘﹔軨뜘§㉀ §
远軨⦸㉀
ö§
軨远远§远軨﹔远§ՠ§ՠ㉀軨远§﹔﹔远§
 ՠ§Ŷ
远 §⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠ軨 §ՠ远§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀
蓨ö§ⵔ § ﹔§⦸ §⦸ՠ

㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
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㉀諀 ö§
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皤



THE
POLITICS
OF
TEACHING
ENGLISH
IN
INDIA

Ŷ
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The
National
Knowledge
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The
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
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KEY
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SECOND
LANGUAGE
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§⦸ՠ﹔㉀蓨§ՠ﹔§㉀

§
§Ŷ
远 §뜘﹔軨뜘§远⦸ ㉀㉀远§ՠ
§ ﹔
⦸﹔î§ ﹔蓨§㉀§
㉀§ 
§뜘軨⦸ §
 ⦸軨蓨§
§軨远軨
§ ﹔§  ﹔§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ö§§
佨㉀﹔㉀﹔§ 뜘ՠ㉀蓨§ ㉀ § ﹔§ ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §远﹔⦸㉀
§ ⦸ՠ﹔㉀蓨§ՠ﹔§ 諀﹔
§ 
§ ㉀諀
远§ ՠ
§ ⦸﹔远§
ՠ
§ ﹔
⦸﹔î§  ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ远蓨§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔远远§ ㉀ § 䜜軨ՠ蓨§ ﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ö§ Ť軨î§  ﹔§ 远§ ⦸ՠ﹔㉀蓨§ ㉀ § 远軨﹔
远§ 远§
远⦸㉀
§㉀㉀§뜘ՠ㴴远§
§ ﹔§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
远§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔ö§ⵔ§㉀﹔远§ ՠ§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§㉀㉀§諀
§
远㴴§ 
§ Ŷ
远 ö§
﹔§ ㉀
蓨§  
§ 远§  ՠ§  ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔
§ ՠ

§ 
§ ㉀ՠ§ Ŷ
远 §
⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§ ՠ远㉀ö§ ﹔
⦸﹔î§ ՠ§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀
§ ㉀ՠ뜘뜘﹔§ ㉀§ Ŷ
远 § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ 뜘軨远§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ð远⦸ ㉀㉀
§远﹔ ö§
§
Რ


Რ





LEARNING
A
LANGUAGE




Ŷՠ⦸ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远§远軨⦸軨﹔§ ﹔﹔
蓨î§ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§远軨⦸軨﹔远§㉀ ﹔§軨远﹔远§ ﹔﹔
§
远軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§ 뜘﹔ՠ

ö§沤㉀§ 諀 ﹔
§ 諀﹔§﹔ՠ
§㉀軨§ 远§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§㉀軨§ՠ
§ ú§뜘
§ 軨
﹔远§ 
㉀§ ﹔§
諀ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§Ƨ諀㉀㴴远î§ՠ
§諀﹔§﹔ՠ
§㉀§ՠ蓨§ՠ﹔
㉀
§㉀§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§⦸軨﹔远§㉀§뜘﹔ՠ

§ ՠ§ՠ﹔§
뜘㉀远§ ﹔ 軨ö§㰬 ﹔
§諀﹔§뜘﹔﹔§ՠ§
﹔諀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§㉀軨§ՠ
§ú§뜘
§ՠ軨㉀뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨§﹔远§㉀§ՠ蓨§ ﹔§
远§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ 蓨§ ㉀㉀㴴
§ ㉀§ ՠ뜘ՠ§ ⦸軨﹔远ö§ ՠ§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ§ ㉀﹔
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§
﹔﹔㉀
§
﹔諀§ 軨
﹔远ՠ

远§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸軨ՠ§ ⦸軨﹔远§ ㉀§ 뜘﹔ՠ

§  ՠ§  ﹔§
﹔諀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
㉀ ﹔远î§ՠ
§ ՠ§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ㉀远﹔§㉀ §㉀軨§ 远§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
﹔§ՠ
远 ﹔ՠ蓨§㉀ §㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔î§远㴴远§
ՠ
§远ՠ﹔﹔远§ՠ⦸㉀远远§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§﹔﹔
远§⦸㉀远﹔蓨§㉀
§ ㉀諀§ ﹔§諀㉀§諀﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§諀㉀㴴ö§
§
Რ










ROLE
OF
A
TEACHER




Ş远§远ՠ§蓨§沤§ §沤蓨
﹔蓨î§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§远§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀ §ՠ§﹔ՠ

ö§Ş§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§뜘ՠ蓨§㉀﹔§
远§
㉀§㉀
蓨§㉀§﹔
ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
§諀 ՠ§ ﹔§远§
﹔

§㉀§远ՠ蓨§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ö§ⵔ§远§ՠ远㉀§ ﹔§
軨蓨§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
§諀 ՠ§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§諀ՠ
远§ՠ
§远ՠ蓨远ö§ⵔ
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远î§
諀㉀§ 
远§ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ ՠ§㉀﹔远›§㉀
﹔§远§ ﹔§﹔﹔
§⦸ՠՠ⦸蓨§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀ ﹔§㉀
﹔§远§
 ﹔§ ﹔⦸﹔
§⦸ՠՠ⦸蓨§㉀ §  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远ö§ 㰬 ㉀軨§  ﹔§ 諀㉀§ ՠ远﹔⦸远î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð﹔ՠ

§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§
諀§
㉀§﹔§ՠ§远軨⦸⦸﹔远远 軨§㉀
﹔ö§§
§
§§§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远§远§軨远§㴴﹔§뜘ՠ㴴
§远㉀軨
§蓨§⦸ՠ
ö§㰬 ㉀軨§諀㉀§ ՠ
远§諀﹔§
⦸ՠ

㉀§⦸ՠö§㴴﹔§ ՠ§諀 ㉀軨§ՠ§ §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ՠ

§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远î§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远§远§
뜘﹔ՠ

﹔远远ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ§諀㉀ 蓨§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§ՠ§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§﹔﹔蓨§ՠ
§㉀ՠ蓨ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
远 ㉀軨§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸﹔§  ﹔§ 諀㉀§ 諀 ⦸ § 远§ 軨§㉀ §㉀⦸ՠî§远㉀⦸ՠî§
﹔
ՠ㉀
ՠ§ՠ远§
諀﹔§ՠ远§﹔远㉀
ՠ§⦸㉀
㉀﹔远﹔远î§諀 ㉀軨§ ﹔ՠö§ⵔ§远 ㉀軨§﹔§远﹔ ð⦸㉀
﹔
⦸﹔§㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§Ť蓨§ ﹔§

nĨ§
§
﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
î§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ 远 ㉀軨§﹔§ ﹔
ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀§ ㉀§  § ⦸ ㉀⦸﹔远î§ 軨뜘﹔
远§ ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§
﹔⦸远㉀
远§
軨ՠ蓨ö§
§
§ⵔ
§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð﹔ՠ

î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ 蓨§ ㉀§ 軨
﹔远ՠ
§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§
远ö§
﹔
§ ㉀
蓨î§ ﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔
ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ ㉀§ 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ 뜘§ ㉀§ 远§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§
﹔㉀蓨§ 諀 §
ՠ⦸⦸﹔§㉀
§远㉀뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§㉀⦸远§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔
ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§﹔ՠ远蓨ö§
沤軨⦸⦸﹔远远§㉀ §ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
§ 远ú ﹔§ՠ﹔뜘§
§﹔
ՠ
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
§諀 ՠ§远§ ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§
ՠ軨 §蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔î§﹔﹔
远§㉀
§ ﹔§뜘﹔ ㉀远§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§ՠ﹔远ö§
§

﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ՠ§㉀㉀î§軨§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ 蓨远⦸ՠ§㉀﹔뜘§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔ՠ§ 뜘§㉀§
㉀﹔§
 ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§§远㉀뜘﹔뜘﹔远î§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴㉀軨
§㉀ § ՠ뜘蓨§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ 뜘§㉀§﹔§軨ö§
﹔
⦸﹔î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ՠ㴴﹔§ 
㉀§ ՠ⦸⦸㉀軨
§ ﹔﹔蓨 
ö§ § ާ  ﹔§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀§ ﹔﹔î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð
﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远§远§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴﹔§軨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§蓨§﹔﹔ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§﹔远远§ՠ
§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
远ö§Ťՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§
﹔远軨§×뜘ՠ㴴远§远⦸㉀﹔§蓨§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远Ýî§ ﹔﹔
§뜘﹔ ㉀远§ՠ﹔§ՠ㉀﹔§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
§⦸ՠ远﹔§
㉀ §
﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔远軨ö§ ާ  ﹔§ ⦸㉀﹔﹔§ ﹔﹔远§ ՠ远㉀§  ﹔§ 远ՠ뜘﹔§ ՠ㉀
ՠ§ ×佨ՠ⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ݧ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ㉀ §
﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
远§远§軨远﹔ö§
﹔§㉀
蓨§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§远§ ﹔§㉀軨뜘﹔§㉀ §远蓨ՠ軨远§﹔远⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔﹔远§
远軨﹔
远§諀§﹔§뜘㉀﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀§﹔﹔ö§§
§
Ş远§ Ūՠ§ ㉀﹔远§ 远ՠî§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ 远§ ㉀﹔§  ՠ§ 远 ﹔ú ﹔§ 远§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§ ⵔ
远﹔ՠî§
远 ﹔ú ﹔§뜘軨远§㉀远远﹔远远§ ﹔§远㴴远§㉀ §ՠ§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀§㉀ §﹔ՠ

ð﹔
軨
﹔
﹔远远î§
§ՠ
§﹔뜘ՠ 蓨ö§
§
Რ


ૼ




TEACHING
ENGLISH
AS
A
SECOND
LANGUAGE




﹔§ Ū㉀軨
⦸§ ㉀ § Ū ﹔ §沤ՠ﹔§ 沤⦸ ㉀㉀§  ⦸﹔远§ ×ŪŪ沤沤Ýî§ ӄö沤öî§ ﹔ 
﹔远§ Ŷ
远 § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§ 
§  远§ 諀ՠ蓨ĺ§ 풴ާ 軨蓨§ Ŷ
远 § ㉀ ⦸﹔
§ 远軨﹔
§ 远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ 軨远﹔§ Ŷ
远 § ㉀§ ՠ远㴴§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远î§㉀§ 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远î§ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远î§ ㉀§ ﹔远§﹔ՠ远î§ՠ
§ ㉀§ ⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔§ 諀 ՠ§远§
﹔
§ՠ远㴴﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§§§
§
㉀軨§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远㴴远§⦸㉀
軨﹔§㉀§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§ՠ远§ ㉀㉀諀远ĺ§
§
ĆÝ ﹔ՠ
§ð§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ՠ
§ 
﹔﹔§﹔ §ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ ՠ﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§
﹔﹔ö§§
nÝ 远﹔

§ ð§  ﹔§ ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ 軨
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§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ
§ 
远軨⦸㉀
î§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ՠ⦸§ 
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
î§ ՠ
§ ㉀㉀諀§  ﹔§ 
远軨⦸㉀
ՠ§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§  ㉀軨 §
諀 ⦸ §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀﹔§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
ö§§
ĐÝ 㰬
§ð§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀§㉀軨⦸﹔§諀﹔
§﹔ §諀 §⦸㉀
﹔
§ՠ
§ ㉀뜘ՠ§ 軨 
§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§
ՠ远远
뜘﹔
远§ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ՠ﹔ðՠ㉀ՠ﹔§﹔﹔ö§
ĖÝ 沤﹔ՠ㴴
§ ð§  ﹔§ ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ﹔蓨§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔蓨§ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§
ՠ⦸﹔远§ ×远軨⦸ § ՠ远§ ﹔﹔§ 軨㉀
î§ ⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ⦸﹔远î§ ՠ
§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
úՠ
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远﹔远远㉀
远ݧ諀 
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
§
§远㉀⦸ՠ§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
远§諀 
§ ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀ö§
§
﹔
⦸﹔î§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远 ㉀軨§㴴﹔﹔§
§뜘
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§Ŷ
远 §ՠ远§ՠ§远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀§
 ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§§
§
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§
Რ
뜀



TEACHING
ENGLISH
AS
A
SECOND
LANGUGE


DEVELOPMENTAL












SOCIO伸ECONOMIC
AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL
FACTORS

§

﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
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Socio伸Psychological
effect
of
English




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§  ﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远§ ﹔㉀﹔ö§ Ŷ
远 § ՠ
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
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§ 远 ㉀諀§  ՠ§  ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§
뜘㉀﹔
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§ ﹔䜜軨﹔
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
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﹔뜘ՠ
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§Ŷ
远 §
ՠ远§ՠ§㉀㉀§㉀§㴴
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§ ⦸軨軨ՠ§ ՠ
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ĐĀ§
§

﹔§ ՠ⦸§㉀ՠ蓨§远§ ՠî§Ŷ
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軨ՠ﹔§㉀ §
뜘ՠ⦸蓨ö§




Რ
Რ









THE
NATURE
OF
LANGUAGE
–
LEARNING
vs

ACQUISITION



Რ
Რ

Რ




LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION

§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§﹔ ﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §
ՠ軨ՠ§ՠ远远뜘ՠ㉀
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㉀
§
軨㉀
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§
远軨⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§﹔ՠ

ö§§ⵔ§远§ ﹔§㉀軨⦸§㉀ §﹔ՠ§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
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§﹔㉀﹔§
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 ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ
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﹔§ 远§ ՠ
§ ՠ⦸﹔§ ՠ蓨﹔ö§ ⵔ§ 远§ 远뜘ՠ§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 諀ՠ蓨§
⦸ ﹔
§﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§
ՠ﹔§㉀
軨﹔î§ՠ§㉀⦸﹔远远§ ՠ§㉀軨⦸﹔远§ 軨
⦸㉀
ՠ§远㴴§
§ ﹔§远㉀㴴﹔
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軨ՠ﹔§
諀 ㉀軨§  ﹔㉀﹔⦸ՠ§ 㴴
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﹔⦸§ ⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远⦸远§ ㉀ §  ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§远§远軨⦸軨﹔§ՠ
§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§ ՠ
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远﹔§ ㉀§㉀ՠ§軨
﹔远ՠ

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§ՠ
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§ՠ﹔§ ﹔諀﹔§ ՠ远§ՠ⦸﹔远§ ՠ§
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§ 远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ§ ﹔﹔ö§
﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
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⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸§ՠ
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軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ㉀﹔远⦸﹔
远§ ՠ
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§ ՠ軨远§
 ՠ§ ﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ§ ㉀§ ՠ§ 蓨﹔ՠ§ 
§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ⦸ ՠ
﹔§ ㉀ՠ뜘î§㉀ ﹔
§ ՠՠ

§
﹔ՠ§
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⦸蓨î§ 諀 ﹔§
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㉀諀
§ ﹔§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ§ ㉀㉀§ ㉀
軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§ 諀 ㉀軨§ ՠ§
㉀㉀
§ ㉀ §
 ㉀
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ѧ㴴
㉀諀§諀 ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸§﹔
远﹔§远î§뜘㉀ՠ§㉀§ ՠ远ՠ§﹔远§ՠ﹔î§軨§ ﹔蓨§
軨﹔蓨§
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﹔§ՠ
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㉀諀§ ㉀諀§㉀§軨远﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§远軨⦸軨﹔远ö§
§
Რ
Რ









LANGUAGE
LEARNING





﹔§ ⦸㉀
⦸﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

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﹔ՠ蓨§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§
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㉀
§远§ ㉀⦸軨远﹔§
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§ ㉀諀§㉀§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸§﹔
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﹔远﹔§ 远蓨ՠ軨远§  ՠ§ 
⦸軨﹔远§ 뜘﹔뜘㉀ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ § ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§ ⵔ§ 远﹔﹔㴴远§ ㉀§ ՠ
远뜘§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
§
㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§远§ 軨
⦸㉀

§ՠ
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§远軨⦸軨﹔远î§远§⦸㉀
ՠ远远§諀 § ﹔§
远軨﹔
Ñ远§
ՠ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§  ՠ§ ㉀﹔ 軨蓨§ 諀§ ㉀軨⦸﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸⦸ՠ§ 远㴴远§ ㉀ §
軨
﹔远ՠ

§ՠ
§远﹔ՠ㴴
§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§㉀諀﹔﹔î§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀§㉀ §ՠ⦸⦸軨뜘軨ՠ
§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ՠ㉀軨§
 ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§諀 §ՠ§远§﹔軨ՠ蓨§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ 軨远ՠ
§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴§㉀ § ՠ뜘ՠ蓨§諀 §
 ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§

ĐƧ
§
 §
ⵔ

軨뜘﹔ՠ﹔§ ՠ軨ՠ﹔远§ 

§ Ťՠ§ 諀 § ՠ远§ ﹔﹔﹔远§ 
§ Ŷ
远 § ՠ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远⦸§ ﹔ ՠ뜘﹔远§ ㉀ §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸﹔ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 諀 § 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ 远§
﹔ՠ軨﹔§軨§ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§
§Ŷ
远 §㉀
蓨§諀 §㉀㉀§㉀
軨
⦸ՠ㉀
î§뜘﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
ՠ
§ՠ⦸㴴
§ՠ諀ՠ﹔
﹔远远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ﹔§⦸軨軨﹔ö§
§
Learning
Versus
Acquisition



Ş ⦸ՠ§
↔
ՠ軨ՠ§

﹔⦸
⦸ՠ§§
↔ ﹔远㉀
ՠ§
㉀蓨§㉀
§ ﹔§諀﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
↔ ㉀蓨§㉀
§ ﹔§远㉀㴴﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§

﹔㉀蓨§×ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
ՠ蓨远远ݧ
↔ ՠ⦸⦸﹔§×ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
§軨远﹔ݧ
㉀뜘ՠ§
远軨⦸㉀
§
↔ 佨﹔ՠ

 軨§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
Ű﹔軨⦸﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§×軨﹔ð﹔
î§㉀ð
㉀諀
ݧ ↔ ⵔ
軨⦸﹔§×軨﹔ð远⦸㉀﹔蓨î§㉀㉀뜘ð軨ݧ

Ū㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§㉀⦸﹔远远§
↔ 沤軨ð⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§㉀⦸﹔远远§
﹔远﹔§远蓨ՠ軨远§
↔ Ŷ㉀
ú﹔뜘﹔
§远蓨ՠ軨远§諀 §
﹔ՠ
﹔ð⦸﹔
﹔§ՠ⦸﹔远§ՠ
§远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§
뜘㉀远ՠ㉀
ö§

ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§㉀ §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§諀 §軨远﹔§㉀ §
Ƨ
⦸軨﹔§
↔ ㉀§ՠ
远ՠ㉀
î§
㉀§Ƨ

Ş⦸﹔远§ŞŤӄ
§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
↔ Ş⦸﹔远§ⵔ§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
㉀⦸軨远§㉀
§ ㉀뜘§§
↔ ㉀⦸軨远§㉀
§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
ú뜘﹔ՠ

§
㉀軨⦸﹔远§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§
↔ ㉀軨⦸﹔远§×ՠ
ݧՠ蓨§
§


Რ
Რ

ૼ





INTER伸RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
ACQUISITION
AND
LEARNING
AND
















ITS
IMPLICATIONS




﹔§ ⦸﹔ՠ§ 軨
﹔远ՠ

§ ㉀ §  ﹔§  ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ﹔諀﹔﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ

§ 뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§ §
㉀远远﹔§ ㉀§ 
﹔远ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ 
﹔﹔ՠ㉀
远 远§ ՠ远§ 諀﹔§ ՠ远§  ﹔§ 뜘⦸ՠ㉀
远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ㉀ §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远ö§
§
远î§諀﹔§㉀軨 §㉀§⦸㉀
远﹔§ ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§ՠ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔ î§ՠՠ蓨î§﹔軨ՠ§ ﹔
㉀뜘﹔
ՠî§
軨§㉀ §ՠ뜘軨﹔远î§
§⦸㉀
远ՠ
§ՠ
㉀뜘§ՠ
§軨
⦸㉀
㉀ՠ﹔§﹔㉀軨㉀
ö§
﹔﹔ ㉀﹔î§ ﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§
远軨⦸軨﹔§㉀ §ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远§㉀㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔ §ՠ
§ՠ远ՠ⦸§㉀§﹔§⦸ՠ﹔㉀﹔§ՠ
§﹔ 
﹔§蓨§軨﹔远ö§
§
Ŷ﹔
§  §远㉀뜘﹔§ՠՠ§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ 軨
⦸㉀

§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔î§§远§
㉀§
﹔ՠ远蓨§ՠ
远 ㉀뜘﹔§
㉀§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§远㴴远ö§㰬 ՠ§ ՠ﹔
远§
§ ՠ⦸§远§ ﹔§㉀㉀远﹔ĺ§㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
§
 ﹔§ 軨
⦸㉀

§㉀ §ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§諀 §远§﹔軨ՠ﹔远§远§ՠ§﹔远軨§㉀ §﹔
§ ՠ뜘ՠ§諀 §ö§軨﹔远§ՠ
§

Đn§
§
﹔ ⦸﹔㉀
远§ 諀§ 뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ 远﹔
远﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠî§ 諀㉀§ ⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ ㉀
軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§ 諀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘㉀蓨﹔§
ՠ㉀ՠ﹔蓨§  § § ³远㉀軨
远³§  ö§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ
ՠ蓨远远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔軨⦸﹔î§ 軨﹔ð﹔
§ 远軨蓨§ ㉀ §
ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§ ㉀
蓨§ 
﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀軨⦸﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ蓨î§ 軨§ ՠ远㉀§ 軨远ՠ
ö§ ⵔ§ 远§
뜘軨⦸ §﹔ՠ远﹔§ՠ
§뜘㉀﹔§﹔
㉀蓨ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§§远§㉀§﹔ՠ
§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
§
ⵔ
§ 远§佨㉀
㉀§蓨㉀ ﹔远远§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§ ՠ뜘远§ ՠ§ ﹔§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§㉀ՠ
﹔§  ㉀軨 § ㉀뜘ՠ§
远軨蓨§×ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

ݧ⦸ՠ
§远﹔﹔§㉀§뜘㉀
㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴
ö§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
î§ ㉀諀﹔﹔î§㉀﹔远
ѧ远﹔⦸ 蓨§ ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ§諀㉀軨§﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸§㉀ §远軨蓨î§軨§§远§㉀⦸ՠ§㉀§ՠ远远軨뜘﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔§諀ՠ远§軨远
§ ﹔§远軨蓨§
㉀ § 沤ՠ
远 § ՠ远§  ﹔§ ՠ远远§ ㉀§ 远§ 
﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀
⦸軨远㉀
远§ ﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ § 远§  ﹔§ ㉀뜘
ՠ
§ ㉀﹔
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ӄ
﹔§ 沤ՠ﹔远î§ ՠ
§ ՠ⦸軨ՠ蓨§ 
§  ﹔§ 远ՠ﹔§ ㉀ § Ūՠ ㉀
ՠî§ 諀 ﹔﹔§ ㉀ ﹔远远㉀§
䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§﹔远§ՠ
§諀㉀㴴远ö§
§

﹔﹔ ㉀﹔î§ § 远§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ ՠ
ՠ蓨﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远⦸远§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§  ﹔§
﹔﹔﹔远§㉀ §﹔軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ ⦸軨蓨§ՠ
§ ㉀諀§ ՠ§ՠ ﹔⦸远§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ蓨§㉀ §䇼ՠ远 ﹔
Ñ远§ ﹔㉀蓨ö§ⵔ§
远§ ՠ远㉀§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§㉀§ ՠ
ՠ蓨﹔§  ﹔§﹔远㉀
ՠ§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远⦸远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ蓨﹔远§ 
§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð﹔ՠ

§
ՠ﹔
ՠö§
§
Რ
ᲠᲠ








THE
PEDAGOGY
OF
COMPREHENSIBLE
INPUT




﹔§ ⵔ
軨§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远§ 
㉀軨⦸﹔§ 蓨§ 沤﹔ ﹔
§ 䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§ ՠ远§ ﹔﹔
§ ㉀
﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ§
軨뜘﹔§ ㉀ §
蓨㉀ ﹔远﹔远§ ⦸㉀
⦸﹔

§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ軨远﹔远§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§ § ⵔ
§ 䇼ՠ远 ﹔
远§ ㉀
§ ㉀ § ﹔諀î§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§远§뜘㉀﹔§㉀諀﹔ 軨§ՠ
§﹔远远﹔
ՠ§ ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

î§ՠ
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ﹔§
ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀
蓨§蓨§軨
﹔远ՠ

§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸㉀
ՠ

§
軨远⦸§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀
﹔§远﹔§
﹔蓨㉀
§  ﹔§﹔远﹔
§﹔﹔§㉀ §㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§㉀§풴⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨ö§§§Ş§
軨뜘﹔§㉀ §﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
ՠ
§ ﹔㉀远远§ ՠ﹔î§ ㉀諀﹔﹔î§䜜軨﹔远㉀
﹔§ 远§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔远远﹔§ ﹔§㉀远﹔ՠ㉀
远§ՠ㉀軨§
 ﹔§﹔ ՠ
ՠ㉀蓨§ՠ軨﹔§㉀ §⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨§㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§§§
§
䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§
⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§远§뜘㉀﹔§㉀諀﹔ 軨§ՠ
§﹔远远﹔
ՠ§ ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ

§ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀
蓨§㉀
﹔§諀ՠ蓨§㉀§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远§㉀§﹔§﹔ ㉀远﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨ö§
§
Რ
ᲠᲠ
Რ




THE
INPUT
HYPOTHESIS

STATEMENT
AND
SUPPORTING
EVIDENCE




ⵔ
§ ՠ⦸⦸㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§ 諀 §  ﹔§ 軨远軨ՠ§ ﹔ՠ㉀⦸ՠ§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ § 
§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
§ ㉀﹔
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
î§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ﹔﹔㉀§  ﹔§ 軨﹔
⦸蓨§ 蓨§ 远§ ﹔ՠ

§ 远軨⦸軨﹔远î§ ՠ
§  ﹔
§ ՠ⦸⦸
§  ﹔§
軨远ՠ﹔§
§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
›§軨§
§⦸㉀
ՠ远§㉀§ 远î§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§×ĆĴĮnݧ⦸㉀
⦸﹔﹔§ ՠ§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§蓨§軨
﹔远ՠ

§뜘﹔ՠ

§ 远î§ ՠ
§  ﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨
§远軨⦸軨﹔远ö§§
﹔§ 
軨§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远§
⦸ՠ
§﹔§ 軨远§﹔远ՠ﹔§ՠ远§ ㉀㉀諀远姧
§
ĆÝ
﹔§
軨§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远§远§⦸㉀

﹔⦸﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ՠ
§
㉀§﹔ՠ

ö§§
nÝ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ 蓨§ 軨
﹔远ՠ

§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ⦸㉀
ՠ

§ 
軨远⦸§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔§ ㉀
﹔§ 远﹔§
﹔蓨㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔远﹔
§ ﹔﹔§ ㉀ § 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ×§ è§ ĆÝö§ § ⵔ
§ ՠ㉀
î§ ⦸㉀
﹔ § ㉀§ ﹔ ՠð

軨远⦸§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§諀§﹔§軨远﹔§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§軨
﹔远ՠ
§远軨⦸ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§
ĐÝ Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 远㉀§ ⦸ՠ﹔§ ×§è§ Ćݧ 諀§﹔§ ՠ軨㉀뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨§㉀﹔§  § ﹔§
ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§軨
﹔远ՠ
远§ ﹔§
軨§ՠ
§ ﹔﹔§远§远軨 ⦸﹔
§㉀ §ö§§
ĖÝ 軨﹔
⦸蓨§
§ 沤﹔ՠ㴴
§⦸ՠ

㉀§﹔§ ՠ軨 §﹔⦸蓨ö§§ⵔ§ ﹔뜘﹔﹔远§㉀﹔§ՠ§﹔㉀§㉀ §뜘﹔î§㉀

§
远§㉀諀
ö§§

ĐЧ
§
 §
䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§ ×ĆĴĮnݧ 軨 ﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀﹔§ 远§ ﹔ՠ§ 蓨§ ﹔远﹔

§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ 远軨㉀
§  ﹔§
蓨㉀ ﹔远远§ՠ远§ ㉀㉀諀远姧
§
远蓨î§ first
language
acquisition
in
children
§
﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨§ 
§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§ 远뜘ՠ§ 
§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ 諀ՠ蓨远§ ㉀§ 풴⦸ՠ﹔ՠ㴴﹔§ 远﹔﹔⦸ î§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§  ՠ§ ՠ軨远§ ×ՠ﹔
远§ ՠ
§
㉀ ﹔远ݧ 軨远﹔§ 諀 § ⦸ ﹔
ö§ ⵔ远§ 뜘㉀远§ 뜘㉀ՠ
§ ⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远⦸§ 远§  ՠ§ ⦸ՠ﹔ՠ㴴﹔远§ 
﹔
§ ㉀§
⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ
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軨ՠ﹔ö§佨㉀﹔㉀﹔î§⦸ՠ﹔ՠ㴴﹔远§㉀§

㉀§㉀﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ ՠ⦸蓨§뜘㉀ ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§⦸ 远§﹔远﹔
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軨远⦸§㴴
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㉀§ 
﹔蓨ð軨
﹔ö§§
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 ﹔§ 풴 ﹔﹔§ ՠ
§
㉀諀§ 
⦸﹔ö§
﹔§ ⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§ 远§ 뜘㉀远蓨§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ⦸ 远§ 뜘뜘﹔ՠ﹔§
﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
î§諀 ՠ§远§ ՠ﹔

§
㉀諀§×䇼ՠ远 ﹔
î§ĆĴĮn›§ĆĴĮĮ›§ ㉀諀
§ՠ
§沤ՠՠî§ĆĴĴĴÝö§
§
沤﹔⦸㉀
蓨î§second
language
acquisition

§ 䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§远ՠ﹔§ ՠ§远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
ՠ﹔§ՠ远㉀§﹔ ㉀远﹔§㉀§ ﹔§㴴
§㉀ §뜘㉀ ﹔§
軨§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔﹔§ՠ远姧
§
ՠÝ ㉀﹔
﹔§ՠ㴴î§ ﹔§﹔뜘§﹔ 
﹔§蓨§﹔軨远㉀
§
§ĆĴĨƧ ㉀§풴 ﹔§远뜘 ﹔§远﹔﹔⦸ §軨远﹔§蓨§ՠ§

ՠ﹔§ 远﹔ՠ㴴﹔§ 諀 § ՠ§
㉀
ð
ՠ﹔§ 远﹔ՠ㴴﹔§ 諀 ㉀§ ՠ⦸㴴﹔§ 軨§ 軨
﹔远ՠ

§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ՠ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§
Ý
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ՠ㴴î§﹔远⦸﹔§ՠ远§ ㉀﹔
﹔§ՠ㴴§
§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
ö§§
⦸Ý ⵔ
﹔ðՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ㴴î§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔§﹔
§蓨§沤﹔
㴴﹔§×ĆĴĨnݧ㉀§ 풴﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔﹔㉀
§远﹔⦸㉀
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔ö§
§

蓨î§ the
silent
period
and
first
language
influenceĺ § §
﹔ §远﹔
 §﹔㉀î §ՠ §
 ﹔
㉀뜘﹔
㉀
§  ՠ§ ㉀⦸⦸軨远§ 
§  ﹔§ ﹔


§ 远ՠ﹔§ ㉀ § ⦸ 远§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
î§ 远§
﹔ ՠ
﹔§蓨§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§
§﹔뜘远§㉀ § ﹔§
軨§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远î§ ՠ§远î§ ﹔§⦸ 远§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
§远﹔⦸㉀
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§ ﹔﹔㉀﹔§ 蓨§ 远﹔

§ ՠ
§  ﹔
§ 軨
﹔远ՠ

ö§ § ӄ﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§ ㉀軨⦸
§ ՠ蓨§ 諀§
⦸㉀뜘﹔§ 諀 ﹔
§ ﹔⦸﹔
§ ﹔
㉀軨 § ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ 
§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ ӄ
㴴﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ § 
§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
î§ ՠ軨远§ ՠ
§ ⦸ ﹔
§ 
§ ㉀뜘ՠ§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 
远軨⦸㉀
§ ՠ﹔§ 軨远軨ՠ蓨§
﹔远远軨﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ㴴§ ﹔蓨§ ﹔ՠ蓨ö§ § ㉀諀﹔﹔î§  ﹔§ 
远軨 ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§ ㉀ § ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ö﹔öî§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀ §
ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ ㉀ §远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 軨﹔§ ﹔远軨远§ 
§﹔㉀远§ ×䇼ՠ远 ﹔
î§ĆĴĮnÝö§ § 沤軨⦸ § ﹔㉀远§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§  ﹔§
﹔远軨§㉀ § 远§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§×⦸﹔§
§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
î§ĆĴĮnĺ§nĨÝö§
§
㉀軨 蓨î§ Advantages
and
disadvantages
of
first
language
rule
useĺ§ ӄ远﹔§ ㉀ § 远§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§軨﹔远§ՠ㉀諀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀§㉀軨⦸﹔§軨﹔ՠ
⦸﹔远§﹔﹔
§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
§远﹔⦸㉀
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§
㉀§ ՠ﹔䜜軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀軨⦸㉀
î§ ՠ
§  远§ ﹔远§  ﹔뜘§ ㉀㉀軨
﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔
ՠ﹔§ 
§
⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§ ՠ§⦸ՠ
§㉀﹔§뜘㉀﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨ö§§Ű﹔远﹔§ ﹔§远ՠ§ՠՠ
ՠ﹔î§§뜘ՠ蓨§
㉀§
﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ§㉀﹔远远§
§ ﹔§远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
§
ՠ远蓨î§applied
linguistics
research姧䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§⦸ՠ뜘﹔§ ՠ§远軨﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔諀﹔§뜘﹔ ㉀远§
諀 ⦸ § ㉀⦸軨远§㉀
§뜘﹔ՠ

§ՠ
§
㉀§ ㉀뜘î§远軨⦸ §ՠ远远 ﹔远§
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远﹔§×
ݧՠ
§

﹔﹔远§ՠ軨ՠ§Ş㉀ՠ⦸ §⦸ՠ
§⦸㉀
뜘§ ՠ§㉀
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨§뜘﹔ ㉀ú远§远§﹔﹔§
 ՠ
§ՠ
蓨§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远ö§
§
§
§

ĐĖ§
§
 §
Რ
ᲠᲠ





REFLECTIONS
ON
THE
HYPOTHESIS
AND
ITS
TEACHING
IMPLICATION§§
§
Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨§ 远§ ⦸㉀
⦸﹔軨ՠ蓨§ ﹔蓨§ 軨 軨§ ㉀§ 远﹔⦸㉀
ðՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ö§
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远﹔§
軨§⦸ՠ
§
軨
㉀軨﹔蓨§ ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§  ՠ§  ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§㉀§﹔ՠ
§  § ﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
§
뜘㉀﹔§㉀§﹔远远§軨
﹔远ՠ
§ö§§§ⵔ
§ ՠ⦸î§§远§
㉀§﹔ՠ远蓨§㉀§远ՠ蓨§ ՠ§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§远§뜘㉀﹔§ՠ軨远﹔§ ՠ
§
﹔ՠ

ö§ Ŷ远§ ×ĆĴĴĀݧ ՠ
§  ㉀諀
§ ՠ
§ 沤ՠՠ§ ×ĆĴĴĴݧ ՠ远㉀§ ㉀
﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀ § ﹔⦸§
﹔뜘⦸ՠ§远軨﹔远§ ՠ§⦸ՠ
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﹔远远§㉀ §
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
ð ㉀⦸軨远﹔§
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軨远⦸§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
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﹔§ ՠ§ 远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀ § 뜘㉀ ﹔§ 
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§ 远§ ՠ§ ㉀㉀§ 諀ՠ蓨§ ㉀ §
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軨ö§§㉀諀﹔﹔î§ ﹔§
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﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔

远﹔§ 
軨§ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§远§ ՠ远㉀§
㉀§ ﹔䜜軨﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ
§ ㉀§
軨
﹔远ՠ
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軨§×Ŷ远î§ĆĴĴĀÝö§§
§

﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀ ﹔远§諀 ㉀§﹔﹔⦸§㉀
﹔ð諀ՠ蓨§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
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﹔远§ՠ﹔§軨远§ՠ远远﹔§﹔⦸﹔
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﹔﹔§㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴§ՠ§ՠö§
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§ ×ĆĴĮĜݧ ՠ㉀⦸ՠ﹔远§  ﹔§ ㉀軨軨§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远§ 諀 ⦸ § ⦸ՠ뜘远§  ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§

﹔﹔§ ㉀㉀軨
﹔远§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 諀 §
ՠ﹔§ 远﹔ՠ㴴﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔﹔㉀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
×Ŷ远î§ĆĴĴĀÝö§§
§
ⵔ§ ՠ远§㉀
§﹔﹔
§﹔﹔﹔§ ՠ§㉀
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ蓨§ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ
§㉀﹔§

§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§ 佨ՠ
蓨§ ﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远î§ ㉀諀﹔﹔î§ ՠ軨﹔§  ՠ§ § 远§ ՠ軨ՠ﹔§ 軨§

⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ⦸㉀

軨﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ö§ ӄ
㴴﹔§ 䇼ՠ远 ﹔
î§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ 远軨㉀§  ﹔§
㉀뜘ð ㉀⦸軨远﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
§諀 ﹔﹔ՠ远§远㉀뜘﹔§
远远§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀諀﹔§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§ⵔ§ՠî§
§ ՠ⦸î§﹔ ﹔⦸远§

軨ՠ远§﹔﹔﹔§ 
§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远ö§ⵔ§ 远§ՠ远﹔§  ՠ§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨§⦸㉀
远﹔ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§﹔
﹔ §
ՠ
§⦸㉀
⦸﹔
§㉀ § ㉀远﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远ö§
§
Რ
Რ



SUM
UP

Ø Ŷ
远 §远§㉀
﹔§㉀ § ﹔§뜘㉀远§뜘㉀ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§
§ ﹔§諀㉀ö§§ⵔ§⦸ՠ
§﹔﹔
§﹔§远ՠ§㉀§﹔§ ﹔§
远
﹔§뜘㉀远§뜘㉀ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§ՠ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
§㉀㉀î§軨§
㉀§ ㉀§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§

Ø 佨軨
軨ՠ远뜘§ 远§ ՠ§諀ՠ蓨§ ㉀ § ﹔§ 
§ ⵔ
ՠö§ §佨軨
軨ՠ远뜘§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ 
﹔§ ՠ远§ 
軨远⦸§
﹔ՠ远㉀
远§ՠ远§Ŷ
远 §ՠ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
ö

﹔远蓨§ՠ
§§远§軨
﹔远ՠ§
§
ՠ軨﹔ö§

ĐĜ§
§
 Ø Ş§㉀蓨㉀§远§ՠ§﹔远㉀
§諀 ㉀§远§³ՠ﹔§㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴§뜘㉀﹔§ ՠ
§諀㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§諀 §ՠ㉀ 뜘ՠ﹔蓨§
﹔䜜軨ՠ§ ﹔ՠ远﹔§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀뜘 ㉀³ö§ § Ş
§ 远㉀î§ ﹔﹔蓨§ ﹔軨⦸ՠ﹔§ ⵔ
ՠ
§ 远§ ՠ§ ㉀蓨㉀§ ㉀§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ远§ ՠ§

Ø 佨軨
軨ՠ远뜘§ ㉀뜘㉀﹔远§ 远⦸ ㉀ՠ远⦸§ ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀
﹔§ ㉀諀 § ՠ
§ 远㉀⦸ՠ§

軨ՠ§
§軨﹔§远﹔
远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔뜘ö§

㉀﹔ՠ
⦸﹔›§ 뜘軨
軨ՠ远뜘§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ㴴﹔
§ ՠ远§ ՠ
§ ՠՠ
ՠ﹔§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§ ՠ§ ՠ
⦸ՠ§ 
§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔§Ŷ
远 §×nÝö§
Ø
﹔﹔§ ㉀ՠ§ ⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§ 諀﹔﹔§ ﹔
 ﹔§ ՠ远§ 
軨远⦸§
㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔î§⦸軨軨ՠ§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ՠ
§﹔ՠ㉀⦸ՠ§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔ö§
Ø
﹔§
軨远⦸§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§﹔뜘 ՠ远远﹔§ ﹔§
﹔﹔§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀§﹔§ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§
远軨⦸⦸﹔远远 軨蓨§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
ĺ§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀§⦸㉀
軨⦸§ՠ§﹔远远㉀
§
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§諀 §⦸㉀﹔ՠ軨﹔远§
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§
㉀§ՠ⦸⦸﹔远远§ ﹔§
﹔
﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
Ø Ū ﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀ ﹔§ ㉀
軨﹔§  ㉀軨 § 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ՠ﹔
远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§
﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§ ՠ§远軨㉀軨
远§ ﹔뜘ö§
﹔§
﹔﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔远§ ﹔§諀ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀§ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ⦸﹔ö§
Ø 䇼
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ㉀ § Ŷ
远 § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ՠ远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀ § 远軨﹔㉀蓨ö§
軨远î§ Ŷ
远 § 远§
㉀ ﹔
§軨远﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§㉀㉀§㉀ §㉀諀﹔§
§ՠ§远 ﹔﹔远§㉀ §远㉀⦸ՠ§ ﹔î§﹔§§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
î§﹔㉀
î§뜘﹔ՠî§

Ø Ŷ
远 §
§ⵔ
ՠ§远§ՠ§远蓨뜘㉀§㉀ §﹔㉀﹔Ñ远§ՠ远ՠ㉀
远§ ㉀§䜜軨ՠ蓨§
§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§ՠ§ 軨﹔§
ՠ뜘
远ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§远㉀§㉀
ö§§ⵔ§远§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀ §⦸ §ՠ
§㉀諀﹔ 軨ö§§§

Ø
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀§뜘ՠ
蓨§ ՠ⦸㉀远§ ՠ§ՠ ﹔⦸§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远§
§ⵔ
ՠö§
﹔§
ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§
§
ՠ㉀
ՠ§ՠ
§
﹔
ՠ㉀
ՠ§ ﹔ö

远軨﹔
远§
§ⵔ
ՠ§⦸ՠ
§﹔§⦸ՠ﹔㉀﹔§
㉀§諀㉀›§ ﹔§㉀
﹔§远§ ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔㉀
ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ远§
뜘﹔軨뜘§㉀ §远軨蓨§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀ ﹔§远§ ՠ
§Ŷ
远 §ՠ远§ ﹔§뜘﹔軨뜘§㉀ §

Ø ⵔ
§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
远§㉀
§㉀ §﹔諀î§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§远§뜘㉀﹔§㉀諀﹔ 軨§ՠ
§﹔远远﹔
ՠ§ ՠ
§
远軨蓨ö§

ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

î§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀
蓨§ 蓨§ 軨
﹔远ՠ

§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸㉀
ՠ

§
軨远⦸§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀
﹔§远﹔§﹔蓨㉀
§ ﹔§﹔远﹔
§﹔﹔§㉀ §㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§
㉀§풴⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨ö§§§§


Რ
Რૼ









PRACTICUM



Რ
Რૼ
Რ





ASSIGNMENT



ĆÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§뜘軨
軨ՠ远뜘Œ§Ŷ ՠ
§ ㉀諀§§远﹔﹔远§ՠ§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
Œ§
nÝ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§㉀ § ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§㉀ §Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
§ⵔ
ՠŒ§
ĐÝ ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔⦸﹔﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ㉀
§﹔諀﹔﹔
§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§﹔ՠ
§⦸ ﹔
§
㉀§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
Τ
ĖÝ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀⦸远§㉀ §Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
§ⵔ
ՠŒ§
ĜÝ Ŷ
远 §远§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀ §﹔远﹔§ՠ
§㉀諀﹔§§Ŷ ՠ
ö§
ĢÝ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㴴﹔蓨§㉀ § ՠ⦸㉀远§ՠ ﹔⦸
§远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
Τ
ĨÝ 㰬 ՠ§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§
㉀⦸﹔§﹔諀﹔﹔
§﹔ՠ

§ՠ
§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔Œ§
ĮÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§沤﹔ ﹔
§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
远§
軨§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远Œ§§㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§远§뜘⦸ՠ㉀
远Œ§
§
Რ
Რૼ







PROJECT
WORK

ĐĢ§
§
 Ø 远§ՠ§
﹔ՠ蓨§⦸㉀㉀ՠ﹔§Ŷ
远 §뜘﹔軨뜘§远⦸ ㉀㉀§ՠ
§
﹔ՠ⦸§⦸ ﹔
§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远ðĜ§㉀§㴴
㉀諀§
㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§×远﹔ՠ㴴
§㉀
蓨ݧ﹔ՠ⦸ §⦸ §㴴
㉀諀远ö§Ş远㉀§ՠ远㴴§ ﹔뜘§ ㉀諀§㉀ ﹔
§  ﹔蓨§
軨远﹔§  ﹔﹔
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远ö§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀諀
§ 
§ 蓨㉀軨§
㉀﹔§ ㉀㉀㴴§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘 ㉀§ ﹔﹔远§ 
§ 軨远
§
 ﹔﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远ö§§﹔ՠ﹔§﹔㉀§ՠ
§远 ՠ﹔§§諀 §蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ远远뜘ՠ﹔远ö§§

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ŪŶ
î§㉀远㉀
§ՠ﹔§㉀
§Ŷ
远 §

ŪðnĀĀĜĺ§㉀⦸蓨§㉀軨⦸軨뜘﹔
§

Ş沤ŪðnĀĆĆ沤ŪŶ
î§蓨﹔ՠՠö§

Ťö§Ŷö§§沤軨蓨§뜘ՠ﹔ՠö§ⵔ

ՠ§◤ՠ
 §ՠ㉀
ՠ§﹔
§ӄ
﹔远蓨î§﹔諀§Ű﹔ §

ŤöŶö§佨﹔ ㉀远§㉀ §

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 ĺ§
﹔軨軨§Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘蓨§

ö䇼ö§◤㉀㴴ՠ㴴ö§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
§ⵔ
ՠ§

﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔ĺ§◤ՠ㉀î§Űՠ§×nĀĆnÝö§Ŷ
远 §﹔ §ⵔ
ՠ远 §Ū㉀軨
⦸ö

ŪŞ沤
Şⵔî§ 䇼§ ×ĆĴĮĴݧ
﹔§ ŞŪ
§ ㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§ ◤軨﹔
﹔远ĺ§ Ş§ 远﹔﹔⦸﹔§ 远ՠ뜘﹔§ ㉀ § ㉀
㉀
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ŞŰ§Ť軨﹔
î§nĀî§nî§ĖĨðĜĆö§
§
䇼Ŷᴐ§×ĆĴĴĢݧ䇼
㉀諀﹔﹔î§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§沤蓨远﹔뜘î§nĖî§Ėî§ĖĖĴðĢĀö§
§
ӄⵔŶ沤ⵔ
ᴐ§ § 佨ⵔŶ沤
ާ ×ĆĴĴĮݧ Ū﹔
﹔§ ㉀§ Şՠ
⦸﹔§ ﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ § ㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
Ş⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§㓔㉀
ð
﹔聤§Şՠՠ﹔§㰬㰬㰬ö§ӄĺ§ ĺúú諀諀諀ö⦸ՠՠöՠ⦸ՠö軨뜘
ö﹔軨§×ĆĖ§ՠ
軨ՠ蓨§ĆĴĴĴÝ
§

ĐĨ§
§
§

CHAPTER – 2

ĐĮ§
§


















UNIT伸




TEACHING
LEARNING
MATERIALS
AND
TEXTBOOKS







Რ







INTRODUCTION




﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§ 佨ՠ﹔ՠ§ ×
佨ݧ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔蓨§ ㉀§ ⦸ՠ軨﹔§ ՠ
§ 远軨远ՠ
§  ﹔§
ՠ﹔
㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§﹔蓨§㉀ ﹔
î§ ﹔远﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀§﹔ ՠ
§ՠ
蓨§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔远§
㉀远远﹔§ 諀ՠ蓨ö§
﹔§远﹔﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ §﹔﹔ՠ
§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔﹔
远§㉀
§
 ﹔§ ⦸﹔ՠ蓨§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§ Ş远§ § 远§ ㉀远﹔﹔§  ՠ§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ﹔ՠ
§ 
§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 諀ՠ蓨远§ ՠ
§ ㉀뜘§
 ﹔﹔
§ 远㉀軨⦸﹔远î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§ ㉀§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀㉀軨
﹔远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
ö§ ﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§
远軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀§﹔
ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§
§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ ՠ远㴴远î§ ㉀§諀 ⦸ § ﹔ú远 ﹔§ ՠ远§㉀§軨远﹔§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
﹔ՠ﹔î§軨⦸ ՠ远﹔§㉀§㉀⦸軨﹔ö§ⵔ
§﹔
﹔ՠ§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ﹔§
﹔﹔远﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§
§ՠ⦸﹔远§ՠ
§
㉀§ՠ远㴴远§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀諀
ö§
佨§ՠ远远远远§ ﹔뜘§
§ՠ﹔뜘
§ՠ§㉀ö§﹔
⦸﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ㴴﹔§⦸ՠ﹔§
諀 ﹔§ 軨远
§  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§Ş
蓨§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§  ՠ§ 远§軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § ㉀§﹔ՠ
§ 远§⦸ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠö
佨§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远 ﹔§ ՠ远§ ՠ軨㉀î§ 远軨ՠ§ ㉀§ ՠ軨㉀ð§ 远軨ՠ§ ﹔⦸ö§ ﹔ՠ§
㉀﹔⦸远î§뜘㉀﹔远î§远﹔⦸뜘﹔
远î§⦸軨﹔远î§뜘㉀﹔§ ㉀
﹔远î§⦸㉀뜘軨﹔§﹔⦸î§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔远ö§
§
佨﹔ՠ

 軨§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀軨⦸㉀
§ 諀§ ՠ㴴﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔§  ㉀軨 § ㉀ՠ§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔
§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§
Ű軨
§  ﹔§ ㉀軨⦸㉀
§ ㉀ § 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀軨⦸﹔§ 
軨ՠ蓨§ 远§ ՠ
§  ﹔
§ 远 ՠ﹔§  ﹔§
㉀軨⦸远§
§㉀軨远ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔远§㉀
﹔§㉀軨§㉀軨⦸§蓨§
﹔㉀ՠ
§諀 § ﹔§ 諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远ö§
﹔§
﹔﹔§㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远§諀§﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ
§§远§⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ§§㉀㉀㴴ö§§
軨远î§ ﹔§§㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§
⦸ ﹔
远§㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远§ՠ ﹔§﹔
ö§§Ť§㉀㉀㴴远§﹔㉀﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ ㉀§﹔﹔蓨§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§
ՠ远㴴ö§§Ť§㉀㉀㴴远§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔蓨§
§ ﹔§㉀軨远ö§
﹔뜘﹔§⦸軨﹔远§ՠ﹔§
ՠ远㉀§ ﹔蓨§ 뜘㉀ՠ
§ ՠ§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔⦸§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ远§ ՠ㉀
§ 諀 § ㉀ՠ§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔
§
远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§§﹔
⦸﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ 軨﹔远§
﹔ ﹔
§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ㉀§﹔
﹔ՠ㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
§
ާ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§远§ՠ§뜘ՠ
軨ՠ§㉀ §
远軨⦸㉀
§㉀§ՠ§远ՠ
ՠ§㉀㉀㴴§㉀ §远軨蓨ö§§ⵔ§ ㉀远§ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ
§
㉀﹔§
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 ö§ⵔ§远§﹔﹔㉀﹔§ՠ远§﹔§ ﹔§
﹔﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§远㉀⦸﹔蓨ö§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§
﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ⦸﹔§蓨§ ㉀㉀諀
§ ﹔§軨
§
⦸﹔远§远軨﹔远﹔§ՠ§
ՠ㉀
ՠ§ՠ
§远ՠ﹔§﹔﹔§
ՠ
§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§沤ՠ﹔ö§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ﹔§﹔﹔㉀﹔§ՠ远§﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔远§远軨﹔远﹔§ՠ§

ՠ㉀
ՠ§ ﹔﹔ö§Ű ﹔﹔
§ ﹔
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔
§軨﹔§ 諀﹔ ՠ﹔§ ՠ㉀
§ 諀 § ՠ﹔﹔§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ ՠ§
뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§§Ş§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴§远§ՠ
§㉀ՠ
﹔§㉀㉀㴴§
§諀 ⦸ § ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§远§﹔远﹔
﹔§㉀﹔蓨§ՠ
§

﹔
﹔§ ㉀§軨远﹔§
§远⦸ ㉀㉀§⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘ö§﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ
蓨§㉀㉀㴴î§諀 ⦸ §远§远﹔⦸ ⦸ՠ蓨§諀﹔
§ ㉀§軨远﹔§
§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ 
远軨⦸㉀
î§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§ 佨軨⦸ § ㉀ §  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ՠ
远§
ՠ㉀軨
§  ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§﹔远⦸﹔ö§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§㉀﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ远远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
î§㴴
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ远㴴远î§ ՠ远远軨뜘㉀
远§ ㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ 远軨﹔뜘﹔
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§

远軨⦸㉀
ö§
㉀軨 §  ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 远㉀軨⦸﹔远§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ§  ㉀远﹔§ 远㉀軨⦸﹔远§ 远軨﹔뜘﹔
§  ﹔§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§§﹔
⦸﹔§㉀﹔§⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ远§㉀§﹔§ՠ㴴﹔
§
§﹔﹔㉀
§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远î§﹔远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§

ĐĴ§
§


















OBJECTIVES

﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§湌§
§
Ø 䇼
㉀諀§ ﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ՠ§㉀諀﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔×⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ⵔ§Ë§ⵔⵔÝî§ՠ
§
ՠ§뜘﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ק⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ⵔⵔⵔî§ⵔ§Ë§ݧ
Ø ӄ
﹔远ՠ
§諀 ՠ§ՠ§Ť§Ť㉀㉀㴴§远§ՠ
§ ㉀諀§Ť§Ť㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ﹔§﹔뜘﹔﹔ö§
Ø ӄ
﹔远ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§ ㉀ § Ť§ Ť㉀㉀㴴远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§  ﹔뜘﹔§ ⦸軨﹔远§ 
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ Ŷ
远 § ՠ§
뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§
Ø 䇼
㉀諀§ ﹔§ ㉀远㉀ ⦸ՠ§ՠ⦸㴴㉀軨
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§㉀ §﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§
§㉀軨§远ՠ﹔ö§
Ø 䇼
㉀諀§ ﹔§軨﹔
﹔远§㉀ §Ū§nĀĀĜî§
Ŷ§nĀĀĴî§Ū
Ŷ§nĀĆĀî§㉀远㉀
§ՠ﹔§㉀
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
Ŷ
远 §ՠ
§Ş沤Ū§nĀĆƧ﹔ՠ
§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§㉀ §﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远ö§
Ø 䇼
㉀諀§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔远§ՠ
§㉀ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔远§远軨﹔远﹔§ՠ§
ՠ㉀
ՠ§﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§远﹔﹔⦸㉀
§㉀ §
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§뜘ՠ﹔ՠö§
Ø ӄ
﹔远ՠ
§ ㉀諀§ՠ§軨
§远§㉀ՠ
﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔远﹔§Ŷ
远 §﹔ §㉀㉀㴴远ö§
Ø Ű﹔ 
﹔§ ﹔§﹔뜘§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ§ՠ
§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远§ՠ﹔﹔§ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§
﹔﹔ö§
Ø ӄ
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§
⦸ՠ㉀远§﹔远⦸﹔§ ㉀§远﹔⦸ ⦸§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§
㉀§ ﹔﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§
§


ૼ






NATURE
OF
TEACHING
LEARNING
MATERIAL






﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§ 佨ՠ﹔ՠ§ ×
佨ݧ 远§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ﹔远远㉀
§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔远⦸﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§  ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 軨远﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ㉀§ ⦸ՠ蓨§ ㉀軨§ 
远軨⦸㉀
§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔
ՠ
⦸﹔§  ﹔§
軨
﹔远ՠ

ö§§﹔ ﹔ՠ蓨î§
佨§諀§﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§㉀§远軨§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
§
§諀 ⦸ § ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§﹔
§軨远﹔î§㉀§
 ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ 
§ 諀 ㉀远﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远§  ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔
§軨远﹔î§ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§ §
佨§
ՠ﹔ՠ远§
§뜘ՠ
蓨§远 ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§远﹔远î§軨§ ﹔蓨§ՠ§ ՠ﹔§
§ՠ§⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀§远軨㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔ՠ

ö§§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§远§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀軨﹔§
㉀§×ՠݧՠ軨㉀§
ՠ远î§×ݧ远軨ՠ§ՠ远î§ՠ
§×⦸ݧՠ軨㉀ð远軨ՠ§ՠ远ö§



﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§§§
§
Ø ㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ

§㉀蓨 軨ö§
Ø ㉀§﹔軨⦸﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔㉀뜘§ՠ
§ ՠ軨﹔ö§
Ø ㉀§﹔ՠ㴴§ ﹔§뜘㉀
㉀㉀
蓨ö§
Ø ㉀§﹔
远軨﹔§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远㴴远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
ö§
Ø ㉀§ՠ諀§ ﹔§ՠ﹔
㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§
Ø ㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠՠ⦸﹔§ՠ
§﹔蓨ö§
Ø ㉀§
§㉀軨§ ﹔§

ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§远軨﹔

远ö§
§

ĖĀ§
§










ૼ
Რ






NATURE
OF
TEACHING
LEARNING
MATERIAL
AT
LOWER
PRIMARY

















LEVEL
classes伸I


II傈










Activity


Display
of
an
innovative
material



Observe the following 3 photos from a primary school.

(i) The students are from a rural government primary school children

§
(ii) n
§⦸ՠ远远§⦸ ﹔
§远ՠ蓨
§諀㉀§远远§ՠ
§远﹔ՠ㴴
§㉀
§ ﹔뜘§

(iii) Ū ﹔
§ՠ⦸ՠ
§
§ՠ§諀﹔
§ՠ远㴴§諀 § ﹔§ ﹔§㉀ §ՠ§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§﹔ՠ﹔§蓨§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§

§
§
Questions
for
interaction

ü 㰬 ՠ§⦸ՠ远远§远§Œ§

ü 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§远ՠ蓨
Œ§
ü ㉀諀§远§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘Œ§

ĖƧ
§
 ü 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§諀
Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ蓨§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§軨远﹔Œ§ⵔ远§§ՠ⦸⦸ՠ﹔Œ§ⵔ远§§ ﹔ՠ远﹔§
§㉀軨§远⦸ ㉀㉀远Œ§




㉀諀î§﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸§㉀
§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ՠ㉀﹔ö§
§

﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§佨ՠ﹔ՠ§远﹔﹔⦸﹔§ՠ§㉀諀﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔§远 ㉀軨§﹔§㴴﹔§ ﹔§
㉀㉀諀
ĺ§

Ø ﹔ՠ
﹔§ ﹔
蓨§
§ՠ§⦸ §⦸﹔
﹔﹔§諀ՠ蓨ö§
§

Ø ﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§ՠ
§ՠ㉀ՠ﹔
﹔远远ö§
Ø ㉀諀§⦸㉀远î§㉀§⦸㉀远§ՠ
§ՠՠՠ蓨ö§
Ø 沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§﹔ՠՠ㉀
§㉀§⦸㉀﹔⦸㉀
ö§
Ø 沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
ö§
Ø ﹔﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸î§
﹔﹔§ՠ远﹔ö§
Ø 沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ 蓨ö§
Ø 沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§ՠ⦸蓨§ՠ远﹔ö§
Ø 沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§ՠ远㴴远ö§
Ø ㉀⦸軨远§㉀
§
㉀軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §ՠ ՠ﹔î§远뜘﹔§諀㉀远ö§


Suggested
Teaching
Learning
Material
at
Lower
Primary
Level
Classes
I


II傈

ü  ㉀㉀ՠ 远î§㉀蓨远î§㉀远î§⦸ՠ蓨㉀

远î§諀ՠ﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨远î§﹔
⦸远î§远㴴﹔⦸ §﹔
远î§뜘㉀﹔远ö§

ü ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ú§ՠ ՠ﹔§㉀뜘

㉀﹔远î§佨ՠ⦸ §远⦸㴴§ՠ諀
远ö§
ü 沤⦸㴴§ 軨﹔远§ՠ諀
§蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠ§ú§ՠ§⦸ ՠ§
ü Ū ㉀⦸㉀ՠ﹔ú远㉀ՠú뜘﹔⦸
﹔ú ﹔ՠ §
㴴§諀ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§㉀ ﹔§远軨⦸ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§
§ ﹔§
﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
ՠ§
§
ü ﹔諀远§ՠ﹔§⦸
远î§ՠ﹔远﹔뜘﹔
远î§㉀⦸ 軨﹔远î§ՠ뜘 ﹔远ö§
ü 㰬㉀㴴§远 ﹔﹔远î§ՠ⦸蓨§远 ﹔﹔远î§ՠ远㴴远öö§
ü Ū ՠ远î§⦸ՠ﹔
ՠ远î§諀㉀§ՠ
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§⦸ՠ远ö§
ü ⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ远§×ՠ﹔§
§远﹔§ ㉀§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ՠ⦸蓨î§远뜘ՠ﹔§ ㉀§
軨ՠî§㉀軨§㉀§
ՠ§ՠ⦸蓨›§ ﹔뜘﹔§ՠ远﹔湌ö§
ü 佨ՠ远î§⦸㉀⦸㴴远î§㰬ՠ§⦸ ՠ远î§軨
§㉀⦸㴴远î§㉀蓨远湌ö§
ü ﹔ð﹔⦸㉀﹔§ՠ軨㉀§ú§﹔㉀§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§
ü
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ú§﹔ՠ
﹔远§諀
§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠ§ú§⦸ ՠ§ú§諀ՠ§뜘ՠՠ
﹔§
ü Ū㉀뜘軨﹔§Ş远远远﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
ü Űՠ§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§뜘ՠ﹔ՠö§
§


ૼ








NATURE
OF
TEACHING
LEARNING
MATERIAL
AT
MIDDLE
PRIMARY
























LEVEL
III

IV


V傈

沤뜘ՠ蓨î§ ﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§佨ՠ﹔ՠ§ՠ§뜘﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔§×⦸ՠ远远﹔远ðⵔⵔⵔî§ⵔ§Ë§ݧ
远 ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§湌§
ü ﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§ՠ
§ՠ㉀ՠ﹔
﹔远远ö§
ü ㉀諀§⦸㉀远î§㉀§⦸㉀远§ՠ
§ՠՠՠ蓨ö§
ü 沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§﹔ՠՠ㉀
§㉀§⦸㉀﹔⦸㉀
ö§

Ėn§
§
 ü
ü
沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
ö§
﹔﹔§ՠ远﹔ö§
ü
ü
沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ 蓨ö§
沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§ՠ⦸蓨§ՠ远﹔ö§
ü
ü
沤⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§ՠ远㴴远ö§
Ū ՠ﹔

§ՠ
§远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§﹔
ՠ﹔뜘﹔
ö§
ü
ü
Ş﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§ՠՠ⦸﹔ö§
佨ՠ
ՠ﹔ՠ﹔§§
§
Suggested
Teaching
Learning
Material
at
Lower
Primary
Level
III

IV


V傈



ⵔ
§ՠ㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§远軨﹔远﹔§ՠ§㉀諀﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔î§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§远§ՠ远㉀§
远軨﹔远﹔§ՠ§뜘﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§
§
ü 軨﹔远§×§ՠ﹔§ՠî§㉀﹔î§ 
﹔§軨﹔远ݧ
ü ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§◤ՠ뜘﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ⦸﹔远ö§
ü Ū §﹔ՠ軨﹔§ ㉀뜘§ՠ㉀
ՠ§Ť㉀㉀㴴§
軨远§×Ť
ݧՠ
§Ū ﹔
§Ť㉀㉀㴴§
軨远§㉀ §ⵔ
ՠ§﹔⦸öî§
ü ӄ远
§ ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀§軨
§ՠ
§⦸ՠ뜘軨远§ՠ远§ՠ§﹔ՠ

§ՠ⦸﹔
ü Ŷ
远 §⦸軨远§ՠ
§﹔远远î§﹔ՠ
§⦸㉀
﹔î§ՠ蓨î§諀ՠ§뜘ՠՠ
﹔远î§뜘ՠ
軨远⦸§뜘ՠՠ
﹔远î§
远⦸ ㉀㉀ú⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§㉀远î§﹔ð㉀軨
ՠ远î§远⦸ ㉀㉀§諀﹔远﹔§
ü 远軨ՠ§뜘﹔ՠ§×沤 ㉀§ 뜘远î§㉀⦸軨뜘﹔
ՠ﹔远§﹔⦸ݧ
ü ﹔諀§뜘﹔ՠ§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§×Ť㉀î§諀﹔ööö§
ü 沤㉀⦸ՠ§뜘﹔ՠ§㴴﹔§㰬 ՠ远ՠî§ ՠ⦸﹔㉀㉀㴴§﹔⦸ö§


Note



ĆÝ Ş
蓨§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ﹔﹔远§﹔﹔ՠ
§⦸ՠ
§﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ§ՠ
蓨§﹔﹔§﹔﹔

§
㉀
§ ﹔§远⦸﹔㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
nÝ 沤㉀뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔뜘§ՠ﹔§
㉀
ð§﹔ՠ㉀⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ՠö§§﹔远§远⦸軨远远§
㉀諀§﹔ՠ
§ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸§ú§

㉀
ð﹔ՠ㉀⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ՠö§
§












AUTHENTIC䔜
NON
PEDAGOGIC
MATERIAL



Ű㉀§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ远㴴远ö§§


TaskᲠ





◤㉀§  ㉀軨 §  ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀諀
§  ﹔§ 諀㉀远§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§ 軨远﹔§ 
§ Ŷ
远 § 
§
 ﹔뜘ö§
§
Discussion
points






㰬 蓨§远§远㉀뜘﹔§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§﹔
§
§Ŷ
远 Œ§§
Ūՠ
§諀﹔§軨远﹔§ ﹔뜘§
§㉀軨§Ŷ
远 §⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远Œ§§
㉀諀§㉀§諀﹔§軨远﹔§ ﹔뜘Œ§
§

ĖЧ
§
 §
§


Task






Ş远㴴§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§⦸㉀﹔⦸§﹔﹔
§⦸ՠ远§ ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§﹔⦸﹔﹔ö§§﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ ⦸ ՠ
﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远ö§
Ū㉀
軨⦸§ՠ§ՠ§諀㉀㴴§㉀§⦸㉀﹔⦸§ ﹔§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§⦸ՠ§㴴﹔§諀 ㉀§ ՠ远§远﹔
î§㉀§諀 ㉀뜘§ ﹔§
⦸ՠ§远§远﹔
î§㉀
§諀 ՠ§㉀⦸⦸ՠ远㉀
§§远§远﹔
湌§


Task
ૼ




Ş远㴴§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§⦸㉀﹔⦸§ՠ
蓨§㉀远
远§
§諀 ՠ远ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨§뜘﹔뜘﹔远§㉀§ ﹔
远§㉀
§ՠ
蓨§
ՠ뜘㉀軨远§ՠ蓨ö§
﹔§ ﹔뜘§远 ՠ﹔§
§㉀軨远ö§
﹔§ ﹔뜘§ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ö§

ü ㉀諀§㉀远﹔﹔§ ㉀諀§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔

§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔î§ ㉀諀§ ﹔远﹔§ ՠ远㴴远§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§ ՠ远㴴远§

﹔
§
§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远ö§
§
ü ㉀諀§﹔
 蓨§ՠ§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔﹔§諀ՠ蓨远§
§諀 ⦸ § ﹔远﹔§ՠ远㴴远§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴§ՠ远㴴远ö§
§


Point
for
discussion




§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ū ㉀㉀远﹔§ՠ
蓨§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ՠ§远§﹔
§軨远﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§§Ş
ՠ蓨远﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔㉀蓨§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§
 ﹔㉀蓨§㉀ §﹔ՠ

î§﹔ՠ
﹔§
﹔﹔远§ՠ
§﹔ՠ

§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§軨§
㉀§ö§
§
풴佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§ ﹔ ﹔远§ ㉀§ ՠ§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸﹔远远﹔远§ 뜘ՠ﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ § 蓨§ ՠ⦸㉀
﹔远§ 諀 ㉀§
㉀軨⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ 軨远﹔§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ㉀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔§ ﹔뜘§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ﹔ ﹔远§ ㉀§ ՠ
蓨 
§  ՠ§
ՠ⦸ՠ﹔远§﹔ՠ

§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ ﹔§
§  ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§㉀§ ㉀軨 § 远﹔ §﹔⦸㉀
ö§Ş远§§远§ՠ﹔ՠ蓨§
㴴
㉀諀
§ ՠ§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§⦸ՠ
§﹔ ㉀远﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§
§﹔﹔蓨ՠ蓨§ ﹔î§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 뜘軨远§ 軨远﹔§ ՠ㉀
ՠ§ ﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远ö§ Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ

§
뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð﹔ՠ

§ 뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ 뜘㉀﹔§ 
﹔﹔远
ö§ § 佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 远軨⦸ § ՠ远§
﹔諀远ՠ﹔远î§

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ՠ远§
§远 ㉀远î§﹔⦸ö§諀 ⦸ §ՠ﹔§
㉀§㉀
ՠ蓨§﹔远
﹔§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð﹔ՠ

§軨㉀远﹔远§ՠ﹔§
⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸ú
㉀
ð﹔ՠ㉀⦸§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§ 沤軨⦸ § 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ㉀ ﹔§ ՠ§ ⦸ § 远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ

ö§ §

㴴§ ㉀ § ՠ㉀軨远§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§  ՠ§ 諀﹔§ 軨远﹔§ 
§ ㉀軨§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ՠՠ§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§
뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§﹔
§
§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远ö§
ĖĖ§
§
 §

远§ ՠ远§ ﹔远軨﹔§ 
§ 远﹔ՠ⦸ § ㉀§ ՠ﹔
ՠ﹔§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远î§ 
远﹔ՠ§ ㉀ § ㉀㉀㴴
§ ㉀§ 远﹔⦸ ⦸§
뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
㉀諀§ ㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀§ ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 諀 ⦸ § 
§  ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔
ՠ§ 諀㉀§ 
㉀§  ﹔§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§ 沤軨⦸ § 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 諀 ⦸ § 諀﹔﹔§
㉀§ ㉀
ՠ蓨§ ⦸㉀
⦸﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ㉀⦸§ 軨㉀远﹔远§ ՠ﹔§
⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀§㴴
㉀諀
§ՠ远§
㉀
ð﹔ՠ㉀⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§
﹔远﹔§㉀ ﹔§ՠ§⦸ §远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

ö§
§

軨远§ ﹔§Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ՠ﹔姧

v 軨
ՠ
§×ĆĴĮĴÝĺ§풴ՠ
蓨§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§諀 ⦸ § ՠ远§
㉀§﹔﹔
§远﹔⦸ ⦸ՠ蓨§㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§軨㉀远﹔§㉀ §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§×ՠ远§⦸﹔§
§佨ՠ⦸㉀
ՠՠ﹔§Ë㰬 ﹔î§nĀĀĀݧ

v Ťՠ⦸㉀
§ ˧

﹔뜘ՠ

§ ×ĆĴĴĀÝĺ§풴ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔ 远§㉀軨⦸﹔§ 蓨§
ՠ﹔§ 远﹔ՠ㴴﹔远§
§

㉀§ՠ§
㉀
ð﹔ՠ㉀⦸ՠ§軨㉀远﹔ö§
§
Authentic
Vs

Non伸authentic
Materials

Authentic
Materials
Non伸Authentic
Materials

· ·
§ §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠՠ§ ㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§  ﹔§
﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ 远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§ ﹔远
﹔§ ㉀§

· · §
﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§
§ ﹔뜘§远§ՠ ⦸ՠö§
⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§軨㉀远﹔远ö§§ ﹔ՠ

§軨㉀远﹔远ö§§

﹔蓨§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ⦸㉀
ՠ
§ ՠ远﹔§ 远ՠ远î§ ՠ
§

·

⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ö§§§
﹔蓨§⦸㉀
ՠ
§諀﹔§ ㉀뜘﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ§

·
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§軨远﹔ 軨§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§§§

﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ 軨远﹔ 軨§ ㉀§ 뜘㉀
§  ﹔§  ﹔§뜘﹔ö§§
⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ远﹔⦸远§ ㉀ §  ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§ §
§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§×Şՠ뜘远î§ĆĴĴĜ›§佨﹔î§nĀĀĐݧ

Ŷ ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ §Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§佨ՠ﹔ՠ远ĺ§×﹔﹔î§nĀĀĀ›§Ťՠî§nĀĀĖݧ

Spoken


 §⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔⦸ՠ远î § 뜘远î §
﹔諀远 §﹔뜘远î §諀﹔ՠ ﹔ § ㉀﹔⦸ՠ远远î §ՠ㉀ §ՠ
 §远ՠ㉀
§
ՠ

㉀軨
⦸﹔뜘﹔
î§ՠ㉀§ՠ㴴远î§
﹔﹔諀远î§ՠ
§﹔ՠ﹔远ö§§

Written


﹔⦸﹔远î§ ՠ⦸﹔远î§ ՠ

§ 뜘﹔ՠ﹔远î§ ՠ﹔远﹔뜘﹔
远î§ ㉀⦸ 軨﹔远î§ ㉀﹔뜘远î§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§
㉀뜘远î§ՠ
§
远軨⦸㉀
§ ㉀§軨远﹔§㉀ §﹔䜜軨뜘﹔
ö§

◤﹔ ՠ§×ĆĴĴĢݧ⦸ՠ﹔㉀﹔§
㉀§ ㉀軨§⦸ՠ﹔㉀﹔远§§
§
ĆÝ Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§远﹔

§ú§﹔諀
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§§
§⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔⦸ՠ远î§䜜軨§远 ㉀諀远î§⦸ՠ㉀㉀
远î§
﹔諀远§⦸远î§
⦸㉀뜘﹔蓨§远 ㉀諀远î§뜘㉀﹔远î§远㉀ՠ§㉀﹔ՠ远î§㉀ ﹔远远㉀
ՠ蓨§ՠ軨㉀§ՠ﹔§远 ㉀§远㉀﹔远î§
㉀﹔远î§ՠ㉀§
ՠ﹔远﹔뜘﹔
远î§远㉀
远§ՠ
§㉀⦸軨뜘﹔
ՠ﹔远§﹔⦸ö§
nÝ Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§远軨ՠ§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§§远﹔远î§ ㉀㉀ՠ 远î§ՠ

远î§⦸ ﹔
远§ՠ§諀㉀㴴î§远⦸㴴§ 軨﹔§
ՠ諀
远î§ 諀㉀﹔远远§ 远﹔﹔§ 远
远î§ 远 ㉀軨﹔﹔远î§ ⦸軨﹔远§ ㉀뜘§ 뜘ՠՠ
﹔远î§ 
㴴§ ㉀远î§ ㉀远⦸ՠ§
⦸軨﹔远î§諀㉀﹔远远§⦸軨﹔§㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ
§⦸ՠ﹔
ՠ远§﹔⦸ö§
ĐÝ Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§
﹔§佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§§
﹔諀远ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔远î§뜘㉀﹔§ՠ﹔远﹔뜘﹔
远î§ՠ远㉀㉀蓨§⦸㉀軨뜘
远î§
远㉀远§﹔㉀远î§㉀軨ՠ蓨§⦸㉀軨뜘
远î§ՠ⦸﹔§ ⦸㉀軨뜘
远î§蓨⦸远§㉀§ 远㉀
远î§﹔远ՠ軨ՠ
§뜘﹔
軨远î§远﹔﹔§
远
远î§ ⦸﹔﹔ՠ§ ㉀ ﹔远î§ ⦸ ㉀⦸㉀ՠ﹔§ 諀ՠ﹔远î§ ㉀軨远§ 
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§ ㉀⦸ 軨﹔远î§ 軨
﹔远蓨§

ĖĜ§
§
 ⦸ՠՠ㉀軨﹔远î§ 뜘ՠ远î§ ⦸㉀뜘⦸§ ㉀㉀㴴远î§ ﹔﹔
§ ⦸ՠ远î§ ㉀⦸﹔蓨§ ⦸㉀軨㉀
远§ ՠ
§ 軨远úՠ
§ § 远⦸ ﹔軨﹔远§
﹔⦸ö§
ĖÝ ﹔ՠՠ§§×﹔ՠ§諀㉀§㉀﹔⦸远ݧ§
§
Ş⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ՠ뜘﹔§×ĆĴĴĖÝî§ ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ﹔远§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§諀ՠ蓨远ö§

ü Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ՠ远远远§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔﹔§ ﹔ՠ﹔远§ ՠ
§ ﹔﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§
諀 ⦸ §軨뜘ՠ﹔蓨§﹔ՠ§ ﹔뜘§㉀§㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
ü §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§諀§﹔§﹔﹔§ՠ
§ ՠ远﹔ö§
ü §沤軨﹔
远§ ﹔﹔§远ՠ远 ﹔§㉀﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
§
§ ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ ﹔§
远㴴远§ ﹔蓨§ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§ ﹔﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
§ ՠ⦸﹔§ ﹔§远軨ՠ㉀
远§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§㉀㉀ö§
§
Limitations
of
using
authentic䔜non伸pedagogic
material

ü Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ㉀ ﹔
§ ⦸㉀
ՠ
§  ⦸軨§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§ 軨

﹔﹔﹔§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ﹔뜘远§ ՠ
§
§

⦸㉀뜘﹔ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远軨⦸軨﹔远î§諀 ⦸ §⦸ՠ軨远﹔远§ՠ§軨﹔
§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
§ ㉀諀﹔ð﹔﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§
ՠ
§﹔ð뜘㉀ՠ﹔§㉀諀§﹔﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§§
ü Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§㉀㉀§⦸軨軨ՠ蓨§ՠ远﹔ö§
ü 佨ՠ
蓨 §远軨⦸軨﹔远 §ՠ﹔ §뜘 ﹔ §
§远軨⦸ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远› §⦸ՠ軨远
 §㉀諀﹔ §﹔﹔远 § ՠ﹔ §ՠ § ՠ §뜘﹔ §
﹔⦸㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ 远ö§
ü
﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§远§뜘﹔§⦸㉀
远軨뜘
§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远ö§
ü Ş軨 ﹔
⦸§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 뜘ՠ蓨§
㉀§﹔ ㉀远﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔远§ 远ՠ﹔远§
㉀ §ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§§
×◤軨ՠ﹔
㉀§Ë§佨㉀﹔蓨î§nĀĀƛ§佨ՠ
﹔î§nĀĀn›§䇼뜘î§nĀĀĀݧ

Task
ૼ

Ű﹔远
§ ﹔﹔§ՠ远㴴远§蓨§軨远
§ՠ§㉀远﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§

ADDITIONAL
RESOURSES

㉀
§ ㉀§远⦸軨远远㉀
姧§§㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔远§ՠ㉀軨Œ§

§
§
§§
﹔§ՠ㉀﹔§⦸軨﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔§ՠ﹔远§㉀ §㉀軨ՠ§⦸ ﹔
远§远㉀蓨§㉀㉀㴴远ö§Ū ﹔
§﹔
㉀蓨§
 ﹔§ ㉀㉀㴴远§ 諀 ﹔
§  ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§ 
﹔§ 
§ 뜘軨§ ⦸㉀㉀軨î§諀 §
⦸﹔§ ⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ
§ ㉀㉀§ 軨远ՠ㉀
远§ ՠ
§
远뜘﹔§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ö§ 沤軨⦸ § ㉀㉀㴴远§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ§ ﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ
§ Ŷ
远 ö§ 沤
⦸﹔§ ㉀
﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔§ ㉀ՠ远§ ㉀ §
Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§远§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§⦸ §ՠ
§ՠ軨㉀
㉀뜘㉀軨远§﹔ՠ
﹔§蓨§ՠ
远 ㉀뜘
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§

ĖĢ§
§

㉀§ ՠ
§ 
远軨뜘﹔
§ ㉀§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
î§⦸ ﹔
§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀
§  ﹔§
㉀諀
§ ㉀뜘§ՠ§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远ö§﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ§﹔ ㉀ՠ§㉀ §﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§軨§ՠ§ ﹔§远㉀远ՠ§㉀ §
 ﹔§⦸ ﹔
ö§



Task伸Რ


沤﹔﹔⦸§ՠ§㉀远﹔§㉀ §ՠ
蓨§远㉀⦸ՠ§远远軨﹔ö§﹔远﹔
§§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§
㉀§﹔⦸§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ远远
§ՠ§諀
§ՠ远㴴§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀远﹔ö§


Point
for
discussion

㉀諀§远§ ﹔§㉀远﹔§軨远﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ

§Ŷ
远 Œ§§
§


㴴§ ㉀ §㉀ ﹔§ ﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远ö§ ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 远㉀뜘﹔ö§
﹔§ ﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§ 远軨﹔远﹔§ ﹔㉀諀§ ⦸ՠ
§
㉀§㉀
蓨§
﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§﹔ՠ
§Ŷ
远 §î§軨§ՠ远㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀 §뜘﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔î§諀 ⦸ §
§軨
§⦸ՠ
§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔
﹔远远§㉀ §Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ú§
﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远﹔远§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§

ü ⦸ՠ远远ú⦸軨ú远⦸ ㉀㉀ú軨⦸§ՠ蓨§

ü ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§㉀ §  ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§
§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§远﹔ՠ뜘§ՠ
§㉀ ﹔§远﹔ՠ뜘远§×§ŪŤ沤Ŷî§ⵔŪ沤Ŷݧ
ü ⦸㉀ՠ§⦸㉀
ՠ﹔远﹔ՠ
﹔远ú远ՠ
ՠ§⦸㉀
ՠ﹔远î§⦸㉀
ՠ﹔远§㉀ §㉀뜘ՠ⦸§Ŷ
远 § ﹔ð
远﹔⦸ ⦸§⦸㉀
ՠ﹔远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§ ﹔§⦸㉀
ՠ蓨§㉀ §㉀㉀蓨î§﹔⦸ö§
ü  ﹔远ՠ軨軨远﹔远﹔
⦸蓨⦸㉀﹔ՠ远î§⦸ ﹔
远§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ՠ蓨
﹔§뜘﹔§㰬 蓨§㉀㉀㴴远§远﹔ ð ﹔§
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ü §㉀㉀㴴远⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ远î§﹔ՠ
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ü 뜘ՠՠ
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ü ⦸ ﹔
远§﹔ՠ軨﹔ק㉀㉀㴴远§諀﹔
§ ㉀ú蓨§⦸ ﹔
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§㉀ ﹔§﹔ՠ蓨§﹔
﹔远ö§
ü 
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ü ՠ㴴
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远§ 远㉀蓨§ ㉀㉀㴴远§ 
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远 § 諀 ⦸ §
远﹔﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§﹔ՠ§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
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·
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





LOW
COST
–
NO
COST
TEACHING
LEARNING
MATERIAL
TLM傈



Activity伸Რ



§
×Ý 远﹔﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ ㉀㉀§⦸㉀﹔⦸﹔§ ㉀뜘§ՠ§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§㉀§뜘ՠ
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远⦸ ㉀㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
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§
§
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﹔蓨î§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§远﹔
§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠՠ㉀
§㉀ § 远§뜘ՠ﹔ՠŒ§
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×Ý ㉀諀î§㉀远﹔﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§⦸軨﹔ĺ§
§

§
Now
reflect

Ø Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§軨远﹔§ ﹔﹔§⦸ՠ
§﹔§軨⦸ ՠ远﹔§㉀§㉀⦸軨﹔§㉀§㉀ Œ§

Ø Ūՠ
§ՠ
§Ŷ
远 §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔﹔㉀§ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §远軨⦸ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘Œ§
§

ĖĮ§
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 ×Ý ㉀諀§㉀远﹔﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
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§ՠ§㉀ö§§§
Ūՠ远远ðn§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀뜘§ ՠ§ ㉀﹔
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§ 軨﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ
§ 
§ ՠ§
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§ՠ⦸蓨§軨远
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§
§

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§
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§ ﹔§
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Ø
﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ՠ﹔§
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
§㉀ՠ远î§﹔﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
Ø 佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§﹔ՠ远蓨§㉀§远ՠ蓨§ՠ
§軨远﹔§
§ ﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§﹔ՠ

§远軨ՠ㉀
远ö§
Ø 沤 ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§  §﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§諀 § ﹔§﹔ §ՠ
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Ø
﹔远﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀軨§㉀ § ﹔§

㉀ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸⦸﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远ö§

Ø
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
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§ ㉀§远﹔⦸ ⦸§㉀ՠ远ö§
Ø ㉀远远﹔远远§﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ §ՠ
§⦸㉀
﹔ ›§ՠ㉀諀远§远﹔ ú﹔﹔§﹔ՠ
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Ø Ŷՠ远蓨§ՠ⦸⦸﹔远远﹔ö§
Ø Ūՠ
§﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§㉀⦸軨﹔§諀 § ﹔§ ﹔§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
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Ø 佨㉀远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ軨 ﹔
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﹔远§远﹔﹔§ ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §远㉀뜘﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
§﹔ՠĺ§


FLASH
CARDS



㉀諀ՠ§◤ՠ
﹔Ñ远§뜘軨﹔§
﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔㉀蓨§﹔뜘
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㉀§ ՠ§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔
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ՠ﹔ՠ§ ㉀§ 远軨ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
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§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§  远§ 蓨﹔§ ㉀ § 
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﹔远﹔§ՠ﹔§远뜘蓨§⦸ՠ远§ ՠ§远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§諀﹔

§諀㉀ö§㰬㉀§⦸ՠ远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§
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Memory
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· ՠ⦸﹔§ՠ§远﹔﹔⦸㉀
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Drilling
activities
伸
Invisible
Flash
cards

ü 沤⦸㴴§
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ü ◤ՠ軨ՠ蓨§﹔뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§ ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§軨§⦸㉀


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ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
LABORATORY




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뜀




PHILOSOPHY
AND
GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
OF
TEXTBOOK
DEVELOPMENT



풴Think of a textbook that is customized for each student’s needs and interests and includes
opportunities for interactive practice and collaboration with others. That is the potential of
tablets.”§§Ş
㉀
蓨뜘㉀軨远ö§


Activity





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Ū§ð§nĀĀĜ§远ՠ蓨远§ ՠ§ ﹔§㉀ՠ远§ ㉀§ՠ§远﹔⦸㉀

ðՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘§ՠ﹔§諀㉀ ㉀ĺ§ՠՠ
뜘﹔
§
㉀ §ՠ§ՠ远⦸§㉀ ⦸﹔
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§
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軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
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﹔﹔远㉀
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軨远⦸§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§㉀§ŪŞݧ ㉀軨 §﹔ՠ⦸蓨ö§

軨諀§㰬﹔
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§ ՠ远§  蓨§远ՠî§ ³
﹔§ 뜘远§ ㉀ §뜘蓨§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 뜘蓨§뜘远§ ㉀ §뜘蓨§
軨
﹔远﹔³ö§§§Ť蓨§ ﹔§뜘﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
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远 ﹔远§ ﹔ú 远§远⦸ ㉀㉀î§远 ﹔ú ﹔§远 ㉀軨§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ
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﹔ՠ
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§ ﹔§뜘远§㉀ § ﹔ú 远§軨
﹔远﹔§ՠ
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蓨§  ㉀軨 § ՠ§ ՠ
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§ Ŷ
远 § ՠ
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§ 远軨﹔⦸§ ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§ ﹔远﹔⦸
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蓨ö§

㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§﹔﹔
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§
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§×
§
뜘㉀﹔§﹔⦸﹔
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§ՠ㉀軨§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§远㴴远î§ՠ⦸⦸﹔
§
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§
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远§﹔ ⦸軨远﹔§ ㉀⦸軨远§㉀
§远⦸﹔﹔§远㴴远§ ՠ远§ ՠ§ ՠ蓨§ՠ﹔远﹔§⦸㉀
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㰬﹔§
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§ՠ§ՠ蓨§㉀﹔ ﹔§ՠ
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軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
î§Ū§ð§nĀĀĜݧ

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軨ՠ﹔§ 远㴴§ 軨§  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ
 ﹔远ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ § 

﹔§
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
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§ ﹔远﹔§远㴴远î§ ﹔§﹔ՠ

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§ ﹔뜘远§ ㉀ § ﹔远㉀
î§ ՠ⦸﹔§ ՠ
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﹔远ՠ㉀
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
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
§ 諀 § ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
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î§ ՠ
§
㉀
ð

軨远⦸§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
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远蓨§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸§ ㉀ § ⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§ ՠ
§  ﹔§
㉀﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀§ ﹔§㉀ ﹔§﹔㉀﹔Ñ远§㉀
㉀
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Assumptions
on
language
and
language
learning§

§§
﹔§ ⦸㉀
﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔㉀﹔⦸ՠ§ 
軨远⦸远î§ ⦸㉀
﹔§ 远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀蓨§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
ՠ§
﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ ՠ远§﹔﹔§
﹔諀§
远 远§
㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ㉀蓨ö§§㰬 § ﹔远﹔§
远 远î§諀﹔§⦸ՠ
§㉀㉀远﹔§
 ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ ﹔㉀﹔⦸ՠ§ՠ远远軨뜘㉀
远§㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

ĺ§

ĢĀ§
§
 Ø ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远§ՠ§㉀㉀⦸ՠ§远蓨远﹔뜘§諀 ⦸ §﹔远§軨
㉀﹔§
§ 軨뜘ՠ
§﹔
远ö§§
Ø ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§远§ՠ§
㉀
§⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§㉀⦸﹔远远ö§§
Ø ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§
㉀§  ㉀軨 § ﹔ՠ

§ՠ
§ՠ⦸远
§远㉀ՠ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸远§远軨⦸ § ՠ远§
諀㉀远î§ 远軨⦸軨﹔远§ 軨§  ㉀軨 § ⦸軨远﹔远§ ㉀ §
軨远⦸§ ﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§ 
㉀﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ﹔⦸﹔㉀
§
ՠ
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§㉀ §远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§§
Ø ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§
㉀§  ﹔§ ㉀ՠ蓨§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ㉀軨§ 远㴴远§ ×沤㰬ݧ 軨§ 뜘ՠ
 ﹔远﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ 

﹔§
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ § ﹔§远㴴远ö§§
Ø ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§⦸ՠ
§ ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§㉀
蓨§
§ ՠ§⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§ 諀 ﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸ §
﹔远§ՠ뜘﹔§㉀㉀軨
﹔远§㉀§﹔§
㉀﹔§
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﹔﹔远㉀
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軨ՠ﹔§远§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§
㉀§ ㉀軨 §﹔﹔㉀
§軨§ ㉀軨 §﹔⦸軨﹔
⦸﹔ö§§
Ø ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ 远§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§
㉀§ 蓨§ ﹔ՠ

§ 
軨远⦸§ ՠ⦸远§ ×远軨⦸ § ՠ远§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§
远軨⦸軨﹔远ݧ
§远㉀ՠ㉀
§軨§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§⦸軨远﹔
§㉀ § ﹔远﹔§ ՠ⦸远§
§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§

﹔§﹔远﹔
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﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ﹔§﹔﹔㉀﹔§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§
⦸﹔远§㉀ §⦸㉀
远軨⦸远뜘§ՠ
§⦸⦸ՠ§
﹔ՠ㉀蓨ö§ § § Ū⦸ՠ§ ﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ ﹔ ㉀﹔远§  ﹔§ 远㉀⦸ՠ§ 뜘﹔
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﹔﹔§
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﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ § ㉀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀﹔§ ﹔﹔§ 远§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀
﹔§

﹔ՠ⦸㉀
远§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ î§ 諀 ⦸ § ⦸㉀
⦸﹔﹔远§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ远§ ՠ§ 远㉀⦸ՠ§ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸§ ՠ远§ 諀﹔§ ՠ远§ ՠ
§

軨ՠ§ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸ö§ ՠ㉀軨远§ 远㴴远§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 
﹔ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ 远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸
§
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§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§远§
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§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§㉀⦸﹔远远§諀 ⦸ §远§㴴
㉀諀
§ՠ远§ ㉀远⦸§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ö§

뜀
Რ






NCF
伸




GUIDING
PRINCIPLES

ü ⦸㉀

﹔⦸
§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§㉀§ ﹔§㉀軨远﹔§ ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀›§

ü ﹔
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§ ՠ§﹔ՠ

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ü ﹔
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ü
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§ ﹔§﹔뜘㉀⦸ՠ⦸§
㉀蓨§㉀ § ﹔§⦸㉀軨
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ü Ū﹔ՠ
§뜘軨﹔§﹔ 远§ ㉀뜘§﹔
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ü
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀﹔§ ㉀뜘§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§㉀§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀§§
ü 沤 ՠ
§﹔ՠ远§ՠ
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
§§
ü 沤⦸㉀﹔§뜘軨远§﹔§﹔
§ ㉀§﹔﹔
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ü ﹔ՠ
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§뜘軨远§﹔§뜘軨远⦸
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ՠ§ ㉀⦸軨远
ü Ū §뜘軨远§﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ
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RTE



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–
QUALITY
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뜀
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ᲠᲠ
GUIDING
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뜀






RECOMMENDATIONS
OF
POSITION
PAPER
ON
TEACHING
OF
ENGLISH



Teachers

ü ާ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀 ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §远 ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ远⦸§㉀ ⦸﹔

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§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
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Ū軨⦸軨軨뜘 §远 §ՠ §远㉀軨⦸﹔ §㉀ §﹔﹔蓨 

 § ՠ §远 §㉀
﹔ §
§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远 §ՠ
 §远⦸ ㉀㉀远 §㉀諀ՠ远 §
⦸ ﹔
远§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
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î§ ㉀諀§뜘軨⦸ §远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ軨 §ՠ
§
§諀 ՠ§
远﹔䜜軨﹔
⦸﹔î§諀 §諀 ՠ§뜘﹔ ㉀远§ՠ
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远î§ ㉀諀§﹔ՠ

§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远﹔î§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§뜘軨远§﹔§
﹔ՠ﹔î§远⦸ ㉀㉀远§뜘㉀
㉀﹔î§Ū軨⦸軨軨뜘§远§ ﹔§远㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ§諀㉀㴴远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ö§§

Ū軨⦸軨軨뜘§远§ՠ§ՠ
§ ՠ§
﹔﹔远§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ՠ§ՠ뜘§ðՠð§㉀ §
軨ՠ§ՠ
§远㉀⦸﹔蓨§
㉀§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ§ ՠ
§ 軨
﹔远ՠ

§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ 㴴
远§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ

§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀远§ 뜘軨远§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀§
⦸ ﹔
ö§
﹔§⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘§ ՠ뜘﹔諀㉀㴴§㉀⦸軨뜘﹔
§㉀﹔远§﹔⦸㉀
§㉀§ՠ㴴﹔§軨§ՠ㉀軨远§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ՠ§
ՠ⦸﹔远î§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§㉀ §远蓨ՠ軨远§ՠ
§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§﹔⦸ö§§

沤蓨ՠ軨远§ ﹔ ﹔远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀

﹔
§ ㉀ § 諀 ՠ§ 远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ軨 § 
§ ՠ§ 远軨﹔⦸§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔î§
远㴴远§ՠ
§ՠ軨﹔远§諀 ⦸ §ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§ ㉀远﹔﹔§
§ՠ§⦸ §㉀﹔ ﹔§諀 §远ՠ﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§ ﹔§
远㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ§諀㉀㴴远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ö§

ü ާՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠՠՠ﹔§㉀§㉀﹔§ՠ

§
軨ð⦸ §⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘î§諀 ⦸ §
§§§§§§§§§§§§§ ㉀⦸軨远﹔远§㉀
§뜘﹔ՠ

ö§
ü 佨軨
軨ՠ蓨§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ ﹔§ՠ뜘§
§Ŷ
远 §뜘﹔軨뜘§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§﹔㉀
ՠð뜘﹔軨뜘§
远⦸ ㉀㉀远ö§
ü 沤뜘ՠ蓨î§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ðՠ⦸㉀远远ð⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘§﹔远﹔⦸﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ㉀﹔ö§
ü
远§ ՠ远§뜘⦸ՠ㉀
远§ ㉀§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§﹔远
§ՠ
§⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§뜘﹔ ㉀远§×⦸ՠ远远§
ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§뜘﹔ՠ§远軨㉀ݧ
§
Evaluation

ü Ŷՠ軨ՠ㉀
§㉀§﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ
§﹔
ՠ
§ ՠ⦸㉀§ ㉀§﹔ՠ

§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§ՠ
§뜘﹔뜘﹔
ö§


㉀
§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§远 ㉀軨§㉀⦸軨뜘﹔
§ՠ§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀﹔远远§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§㉀ ㉀㉀§뜘㉀﹔ö§§
ü ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§
﹔﹔§
㉀§﹔§﹔§㉀§풴ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
§諀 §﹔远﹔⦸§㉀§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§远蓨ՠî§
軨§뜘軨远§﹔§﹔㉀﹔
﹔§㉀§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ远軨﹔뜘﹔
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨ö§
ü ՠ㉀
ՠ§﹔
⦸ 뜘ՠ㴴远§ ㉀§ՠ§远﹔§㉀ §Ŷ
远 ðՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔远远ö§
ü ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§远 ㉀軨§﹔§﹔㉀﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§﹔뜘
ՠ蓨§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠՠ㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§远﹔§㉀ §
Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔远远ö§
§
Task

§佨ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§⦸㉀뜘ՠ远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§軨
§
⦸﹔远§㉀ §Ūî§
Ŷî§ՠ
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§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
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远 §ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§
§

ĢĖ§
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Რ






NEED
AND
IMPORTANCE
OF
TEXTBOOKS
IN
SCHOOL
CUERRICULUM§
§§§ⵔ§ ՠ﹔§ՠ諀ՠ蓨远§ ﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔§軨﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀§ ﹔§軨§远§ 远§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö佨㉀ ՠ
ՠ远§䇼î◤ՠ
 ö§
§

﹔﹔ §ՠ﹔ §﹔ՠ §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远 §諀 ㉀ §⦸ՠ
§㉀ §ՠ諀ՠ蓨 §諀 §﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远 §ՠ
 §㉀ §ՠ §﹔ՠ §㉀ö §Ť軨 § ㉀ §
뜘ՠ
蓨§ ՠ
§ ⵔ
ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔î§ ՠ§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§ 远§ ՠ
§ ﹔远远﹔
ՠ§ ՠ§ ㉀ §Ŷ
远 § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§ ⵔ§ 远ՠ﹔远§
뜘﹔î§ ﹔远§ ﹔⦸㉀
§ ㉀§ ﹔远远㉀
远î§ ՠ
§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔远§ ՠ§ 諀﹔§ ՠ﹔蓨§ ㉀ §ՠ⦸﹔远§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§ ާ
㉀㉀§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴î§ ㉀§ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§諀 §뜘﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§远§㉀ ﹔
§ՠ§㉀㉀§㉀㉀§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§
﹔§㉀諀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§
﹔§諀ՠ蓨§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§远ՠ蓨§ⵔ§㴴﹔§ 远§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§㉀§ⵔ§㉀
§㴴﹔§ 远§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§ 远軨﹔远远§  ՠ§ ﹔﹔蓨§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸ՠ㉀
远§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴î§  ㉀軨 §  ﹔蓨§
 ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔î§ ՠ
§ Ŷ
远 § ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§ 远§ ՠ
§ 뜘㉀ՠ
§  
§ §
뜘㉀ՠ
§ ㉀§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘﹔諀㉀㴴î§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
远§ ՠ
§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀
§ ﹔§ ㉀諀
ö§ ⵔ§ 远§ ՠ
§

﹔﹔远
§ 
§㉀㉀î§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§§
远§諀 §§远㉀﹔远î§ՠ蓨远î§㉀﹔뜘远§ՠ
§远㉀뜘﹔§
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㉀ § 
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§ ㉀
§ ՠ§ 諀﹔§ ՠ﹔蓨§ ㉀ § ㉀⦸远ö§
﹔§ 諀ՠ蓨§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ ﹔ՠ远軨﹔§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§㉀
§ՠ ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔远§远軨﹔远远§ ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§远§뜘㉀﹔§ ՠ
§ՠ§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
ð﹔ՠ

§뜘﹔軨뜘ö§
§
⦸ ՠ远§ ×ĆĴĴĮĺ§ĆnĜݧ远ՠ蓨远§ ³
﹔§ 뜘㉀远§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀
蓨§ ㉀軨
§ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
远§ 
§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
§ ㉀﹔
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远§ՠ㉀軨
§ ﹔§諀㉀§ ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远î§﹔ՠ
﹔远î§ՠ
§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远ö§㰬 ﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔远§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远î§﹔ՠ⦸ 
î§ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§﹔﹔
§ ﹔§ ㉀⦸軨远§㉀ §ՠ§ՠ远§㉀蓨§㉀ §远⦸軨远远㉀
§ ՠ
§﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ §
㉀﹔§  ﹔§ 蓨﹔ՠ远î§ 뜘軨⦸ § ﹔远远§ ՠ﹔
㉀
§ ՠ远§ ﹔﹔
§ ﹔
§ ㉀§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远ö§ ᴐ﹔§ 
§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀远§ ՠ
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀ՠ뜘远§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§軨远﹔§
§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘ö§
ö§
The
utility
of
a
textbook

Ø ⵔ§远§ՠ§㉀㉀§
§ ﹔§ ՠ
远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö

Ø ⵔ§諀§远﹔﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§ ՠ
蓨§
远軨⦸㉀
ՠ§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ՠ
§ՠ§諀﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§远軨㉀§ՠ
§軨﹔ö

Ø ⵔ§远§ՠ§뜘﹔뜘㉀蓨§ՠ§㉀§ ﹔§軨远ö

Ø ⵔ§㉀﹔远§﹔ՠ蓨뜘ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ㉀§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔ö

Ø ⵔ§⦸㉀
远㉀ՠ﹔远§諀 ՠ§軨远§ ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
§㉀ՠ蓨ö

Ø ⵔ§ՠ㉀远§軨

﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§﹔﹔㉀
远î§諀ՠ远﹔§㉀ §뜘﹔§ՠ
§﹔
﹔蓨ö

Ø ⵔ§远§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔§㉀軨
§ ㉀§﹔ՠ
ö

Ø ⵔ§
远§ՠ§远蓨远﹔뜘§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§諀㉀㴴ö

Ø
﹔§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴§㉀﹔远§㉀㉀軨
﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§﹔䜜軨§諀 § ﹔§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔ö§

§
沤ŪŶ
î§ Şö§ ﹔远
﹔§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§  ՠ§ ﹔ ﹔⦸§  ﹔§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ð﹔ՠ

§
 ㉀远㉀ 蓨§﹔
§﹔ՠ﹔î§ՠ
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔远§远軨﹔远﹔§蓨§Ū§§nĀĀĜö§Ť軨§ՠ§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴§ՠ远远軨뜘﹔远§远§
ՠ軨﹔§ 
§ ՠ⦸⦸㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 諀 ㉀§ 軨远﹔远§ ö§ ⵔ远§ ՠ軨﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ 
⦸﹔ՠ远﹔§ 뜘軨 ㉀§ 
§  ﹔§
ՠ
远§㉀ §ՠ§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀§﹔⦸﹔ՠ远﹔§㉀§ՠ§§﹔㉀§
§ ﹔§ ՠ
远§㉀ §ՠ
§
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
ö§
§
§
§
§

ĢĜ§
§


ᲠᲠ





FEATURES
OF
ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
TEXTBOOKS

§

﹔§Ŷ
远 §﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§远 ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远姧

ü
﹔蓨§远 ㉀軨§ 뜘ՠ⦸ §  ﹔§ ⦸㉀
﹔§ ﹔﹔远§ ՠ
§远㉀⦸㉀ð⦸軨軨ՠ§ ՠ⦸㴴㉀軨
§ ㉀ §⦸ ﹔
î§ ՠ
§
軨 ㉀§ՠ
§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§远﹔⦸軨ՠ§ՠ軨﹔远§﹔
远 
﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸㉀
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﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ 远﹔
远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔远﹔⦸﹔远§ ㉀ § ﹔䜜軨蓨§ ×﹔
﹔§ ՠ
§ 远㉀⦸﹔ՠݧ ՠ
§ ՠ뜘㉀
蓨§
×﹔諀﹔﹔
§ 軨뜘ՠ
远î§ՠ
§﹔諀﹔﹔
§ 軨뜘ՠ
远§ՠ
§
ՠ軨﹔ݧ§
ü
﹔蓨§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔ ﹔⦸§ ㉀⦸ՠ§ ՠ远§ 远軨⦸ § ՠ远§ Ť軨ՠ㴴ՠ ՠî§ ㉀軨㴴ՠ ՠî§ ՠ㴴ՠ ՠî§ ﹔⦸ö›§ ㉀⦸ՠ§
⦸軨远㉀뜘远î§⦸軨軨﹔§ՠ
§ՠ㉀
远›§ՠ
§㉀﹔§㉀㉀軨
﹔远§ ㉀§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔뜘§
軨远
§ ﹔§㉀諀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§ՠ㉀
§諀 §Ŷ
远 ö§§
ü
﹔蓨§ 远 ㉀軨§ ⦸㉀
ՠ
§ ㉀㉀§
ՠՠ﹔远§ 諀 ⦸ § ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔远§ 㴴
§ ㉀ §

軨远⦸§
軨§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§§
ü ﹔远远㉀
远§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ远﹔§ ㉀
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远î§ 远㉀﹔远î§ ㉀﹔뜘远î§
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䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ՠ§远﹔
远﹔§⦸ ﹔
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 ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§§
ü
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远§远 ㉀軨§﹔﹔远﹔
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﹔蓨§ 远 ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ
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§ 远㉀﹔远›§ 諀
§ ⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
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㉀§ՠ⦸㉀
›§﹔﹔諀远›§﹔远⦸㉀
远›§ՠ
远ՠ㉀
远›§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴远›§
﹔远›§⦸軨軨ՠ§远㉀
远›§㉀﹔远›§㉀뜘远§﹔⦸ö§§
ü
﹔蓨§ 远 ㉀軨§ ⦸㉀
ՠ
§ ×ՠ⦸軨ՠ蓨§ 
§ 远ՠ﹔远§ Ƨ ՠ
§ nݧ ՠՠ⦸﹔§ ՠ
§  ㉀軨 § ㉀㉀㴴
§
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ö§
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䜜軨ՠ蓨§
ü
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軨ՠî§㉀軨î§ ՠ
§ 諀 ㉀﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远§ ՠ⦸﹔远ö§
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ՠ
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§㉀§远﹔ ð﹔ՠ

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î§
﹔ ㉀ՠ㉀
î§ 远⦸㉀﹔蓨î§ ՠ
§ ﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ ö§
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ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔远§﹔⦸ö§§
ü Ŷ
㉀軨 §远ՠ⦸﹔§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ㉀⦸ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§㉀§﹔
ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§㉀§﹔⦸㉀§ 远ú ﹔§
远﹔ §ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ՠ
§ՠ
远諀﹔远§㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ远㴴远ö§§
ü
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⦸﹔远î§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§㉀§㉀ ﹔§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远î§ՠ
§ՠ
§

﹔ §㉀ §㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔뜘远ö§§
ü
﹔蓨§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ 远軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ⦸㉀

軨㉀軨远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§ ՠ
§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§
ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§﹔﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远ö§§
ü
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ՠ
§ՠ﹔䜜軨ՠ﹔§远軨﹔⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ö

ü 沤⦸㉀﹔§远 ㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ ㉀§﹔﹔㉀
§ ﹔뜘﹔§ՠ远﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§

ü Ŷՠ⦸ §軨
§远 ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ՠ远㴴远§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔
ö

ü ﹔﹔ՠ
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ü
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§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔ö

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§
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§㉀
§䜜軨ՠ蓨§ՠ﹔§远§﹔蓨§﹔远远﹔
ՠö

ü Ť㉀§ՠ
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§ ㉀§ ﹔§㉀諀﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ՠ
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§
§ ㉀§ ﹔§  ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远ö

ü
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軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§蓨㉀ՠ ⦸ՠ§﹔㉀远ö

ü
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§ ﹔§远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§㉀㉀㴴§﹔§ ՠ
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ü
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远§뜘軨远§﹔§﹔
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ü
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﹔§蓨§ՠ§ ՠ
§㉀㉀㴴î§諀§﹔§ՠ§㉀㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ
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远軨﹔
远î§ ㉀§㉀
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀§軨§諀㉀㴴ö

ü
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軨뜘﹔远§远 ㉀軨§⦸﹔ՠ蓨§﹔§﹔
ö

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ՠ뜘ՠ§諀㉀远§諀 §㉀
軨
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§ ◤㉀§  ㉀軨 §  ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§ⵔ§ՠ
§⦸ՠ远远§ ⵔ§ ㉀§ö§佨ՠ㴴﹔§ ՠ§ 远§㉀ § ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§  ՠ§蓨㉀軨§
㉀远﹔﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§远§뜘﹔
㉀
﹔§ՠ㉀﹔§諀 §﹔ ՠ뜘﹔远ö§




ᲠᲠ
Რ





SELECTION
OF
THEMES

The
following
themes
that
are
compatible
with
NCF
are
suggested
for
making
of
textbooks

A
§CORE
THEMES

ĆÝ §§§§§沤﹔ §î ՠ뜘蓨î§ ㉀뜘﹔î§ ﹔
远§ՠ
§﹔远§
nÝ §§§§§﹔ ㉀ ㉀㉀§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
蓨§
ĐÝ §§§§
﹔§
ՠ㉀
§§﹔远蓨§ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ﹔§
ĖÝ §§§§
﹔§諀㉀ðⵔ
ՠ远§
﹔ ㉀ ㉀㉀§
ĜÝ §§§§Ş﹔
軨﹔§ՠ
§뜘ՠ
ՠ㉀
§
ĢÝ §§§§沤㉀远§ՠ
§◤ՠ뜘﹔远§
ĨÝ §§§§ⵔ远远軨﹔远§﹔ՠ
§㉀§ՠ㉀﹔远⦸﹔
⦸﹔§§
ĮÝ §§§§沤⦸﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ
§
﹔⦸
㉀㉀蓨§
ĴÝ §§§§﹔ՠ⦸﹔§ՠ
§ՠ뜘㉀
蓨§
ĆĀÝ §§§§
ՠ﹔§ՠ
§
㉀軨远뜘§
ĆĆÝ §§§§§佨ՠ远远§뜘﹔ՠ§
ĆnÝ §§§§Ş§ՠ
§Ū軨軨﹔§
ĆĐÝ §§§§﹔ՠ §ՠ
§﹔㉀軨⦸﹔§ ﹔ՠ §

B傈

OTHER
THEMES

ĆÝ Ŷ
㉀
뜘﹔
§
nÝ 佨蓨远﹔蓨§
ĐÝ ՠ远 ㉀
§ՠ
§远 ㉀
§
ĖÝ 뜘远î§佨﹔ՠ§
ĜÝ ﹔远ՠ远§

ĢĨ§
§
 ĢÝ Ŷ軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§⦸ՠ﹔﹔§
ĨÝ ﹔㉀﹔ð ﹔﹔
蓨§ՠ﹔î§뜘ՠ
ՠ远﹔§远﹔⦸㉀
远§﹔⦸§
ĮÝ ﹔﹔㉀뜘§
ĴÝ Ű远ՠ远﹔§§뜘ՠ
ՠ﹔뜘﹔
§
ĆĀÝ Ū뜘﹔§ՠ
§㉀﹔
⦸﹔§
ĆĆÝ Şՠՠ
§ⵔ远远軨﹔远§
ĆnÝ 沤㉀⦸ՠ§ 远远軨﹔远ðŰ㉀諀蓨î§ 佨ՠ㉀
î§ ㉀﹔
⦸﹔§ ՠՠ
远§ 諀㉀뜘﹔
î§ § ՠ﹔§ ㉀﹔뜘远î§
Ū §ՠ㉀軨î§軨
﹔뜘㉀蓨뜘﹔
î§◤㉀ՠ远ՠ㉀
§﹔⦸ö§
§
㰬﹔§ ⦸ՠ

㉀§ ﹔﹔㉀§ ՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ ㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴
§  ﹔远﹔§ ՠ远远軨뜘㉀
远ö§
远§ 뜘﹔远§
 ՠ§ ՠ
蓨§ ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ⦸㴴ՠ﹔§ 諀 ⦸ § ՠ㴴﹔远§ ﹔⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸远
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
远§  ㉀軨 §
﹔﹔㉀
§⦸ՠ

㉀§ ﹔⦸ § ﹔§﹔远﹔§㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔ö§

ᲠᲠ







THE
PROCES
OF
TEXTBOOK
DEVELOPMENT
OF
A
P


§

﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀⦸軨远﹔§ 뜘㉀﹔§㉀
§ ﹔ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§ ՠ远㴴远ö§Ş⦸﹔远§ ㉀§
﹔
ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ
§﹔ՠ
§ ՠ﹔§㉀§㉀뜘
﹔
⦸﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远ö§ⵔ
§远﹔§
㉀ §軨
﹔㉀
§Ĩ§蓨﹔ՠ远§㉀ §Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ

î§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ﹔§軨
ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔§軨§
諀 §  ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ 远ՠ
ՠ远ö§ 沤軨﹔
远§ ՠ﹔§ 軨
ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ 軨远﹔§ Ŷ
远 § ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔蓨§ ﹔ ﹔§ 
§ ㉀ՠ§ ㉀§
諀﹔
§ ㉀뜘ö§
远§远§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§㉀
蓨§ ㉀⦸軨远§远§﹔
§㉀
§⦸㉀
﹔
§
㉀§㉀
§ ㉀뜘§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远ö§

﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀⦸軨远﹔§ 뜘㉀﹔§ 

㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§ ㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ远㴴远ö§ ㉀§ 远⦸㉀﹔§ 远§
﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§﹔
ՠ﹔뜘﹔
§軨
§ ㉀㉀諀
§ ﹔§軨
§
⦸﹔远§㉀ §Ū§
nĀĀĜö§ ⵔ§ ՠ远§ ՠ㉀⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§  ㉀軨 § ⦸㉀
﹔ 軨ՠ蓨§ ⦸ § ﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远ö§ ՠ﹔蓨§ ㉀ §
﹔
﹔远§远§㉀§﹔§
㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§Ş⦸軨ՠ§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远§㉀§﹔§﹔
§
㉀蓨§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§ 㴴
㉀諀
§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ ﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ 远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔
§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§  ՠ
§
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔﹔ 
﹔§軨远
§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远ö§
§
ާ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ ՠ
㉀㉀㴴§ 諀 ⦸ § ﹔ՠ远§  ﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ î§ 뜘﹔ ㉀㉀㉀蓨î§ ﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§ ㉀ §
ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
î§ՠ


§ՠ
§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§ 远§ ﹔﹔㉀﹔§ ՠ㉀
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㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ՠ
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﹔远§ 
§ ՠ§ ՠ﹔§ 뜘ՠ

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﹔ 軨ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ

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﹔§远远軨﹔§ ՠ§远§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔뜘﹔§㉀﹔远§ ﹔§
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§ՠ远远뜘ՠ﹔§ö§




ᲠᲠ
ૼ







UNIT
STRUCTURE



Task
Რ




◤㉀§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ⵔ§Ŷ
远 §﹔ §㉀㉀㴴ö§§§﹔ 蓨§諀 ﹔ ﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔远§远﹔﹔⦸﹔§
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﹔远§远⦸軨远远§ ﹔§远軨⦸軨﹔§㉀ §ՠ§軨
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㉀
뜘﹔
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Task



§
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§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§﹔§远⦸軨远远﹔ö§㉀§ 远§㉀远远ՠ蓨§ՠ
§

Ø ՠ§ § Ť§ 远§ 뜘﹔ՠ

§ ㉀§뜘ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔ § 諀 ⦸ § 远§ ㉀㉀諀﹔§ 蓨§㉀远远ՠ蓨î§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ՠ﹔§㉀﹔§ՠ ﹔§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú远㉀
ö§

Ø §ՠ§§Ť§远ՠ远§諀 §ՠ§⦸軨﹔§諀 ⦸ §﹔ ﹔⦸远§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§軨

§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远î§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ
§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴ö§

Ø
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀§軨远﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ ㉀§﹔⦸
§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§﹔ՠ远î§﹔⦸ö§
Ø
﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§ 軨远﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸軨﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔
﹔ՠ
§ ⦸軨﹔§ ՠ远﹔§ ﹔远⦸㉀
î§

Ø ◤㉀远远ՠ蓨§ 远§ ㉀﹔§ 

§ ﹔ՠ§ ՠ ﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔ § ㉀㉀諀﹔§ 蓨§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§㉀§远㉀蓨ö§

Ø
﹔§ՠ远㴴远§㉀﹔§ՠ﹔§⦸ § ﹔
蓨ö§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远î§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ远㴴远î§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ远㴴远§諀
§ՠ远㴴远§ՠ
§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§

Ø ⵔ
§ՠ§§Ūî§ՠ§远㉀蓨§远§﹔
§ ㉀§﹔ ﹔
远﹔§﹔ՠ
ö§远﹔

§
軨§远§﹔
§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀ §
 ﹔§軨
ö§
远§远§뜘﹔ՠ
§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
ՠՠ㉀
§ՠ
§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
Ø
﹔§ 諀
§ ՠ远㴴远§ 
⦸軨﹔远§ 远﹔ §﹔远⦸㉀
î§﹔远⦸
§ ՠ
§ ㉀﹔⦸î§ ՠ§ ﹔﹔î§ ՠ§ ՠ蓨§ ﹔
蓨§
諀§ ﹔§㉀§㉀뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ö§
Ø ㉀﹔⦸§ 諀㉀㴴远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔﹔㉀
§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远㴴远î§ 
⦸軨⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ§㉀ §
⦸㉀﹔⦸
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠî§﹔ՠ
§ ՠ§﹔⦸ö§
§


Რ







ACADEMIC
STANDARDS§
§

﹔§ՠ뜘§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ 远§㉀§ ﹔§  ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§⦸﹔ՠ
§远ՠ
ՠ远§ՠ
§

㉀§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴ö§

§
Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§ 远ՠ
ՠ远§ ﹔ 
﹔§  ﹔§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ 远㴴远§  ՠ§ 远軨﹔
远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ
§ ՠ§ 远軨﹔⦸§ 
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § ՠ﹔ö§ § Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§ 远ՠ
ՠ远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔远
﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀﹔§ ՠ§ ⦸﹔ՠ§ ՠ § ㉀§
远軨﹔
§㉀§ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§ ՠ§远§﹔䜜軨﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ
§
⦸﹔ՠ远
蓨§⦸㉀뜘﹔ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
§ ﹔§
﹔ §
ՠ﹔ö§§§§§
§§
㰬﹔§ՠ﹔§ ՠ뜘ՠ§諀 §﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§
⦸ՠ㉀远§远ՠ﹔§軨
﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ§㉀뜘ՠ
远§㉀ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀뜘ՠ
远§㉀ §远㴴远î§ՠ
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§ⵔ
§ՠ§ ㉀远⦸§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
㉀
﹔§㉀ §
 ﹔远﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§﹔§ ﹔
§ 軨
軨﹔§ ㉀뜘
﹔
⦸﹔§ 諀 ㉀軨§軨
§  ﹔§ ㉀ ﹔远§ ՠ§ 远ՠ㴴﹔ö§ 沤
⦸﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ 远§

远﹔ՠՠ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ

§ § 远§ 远㉀뜘﹔ 
§  ՠ§ ՠ远§ ㉀§ ՠ㴴﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔﹔蓨§ 远ՠ﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠî§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远㴴远§⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§㉀
蓨§蓨§﹔뜘﹔
§ ﹔뜘§
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§
ՠ﹔﹔§ ՠ§ ՠ§ ⦸﹔ՠ
§ ﹔﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§ 㰬﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§ 軨§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ 
§ 远 § ㉀ՠ§
⦸ՠ﹔㉀﹔远›§


Task
Რ




沤﹔﹔⦸§ ՠ§ 軨
§ ㉀뜘§ ⦸ՠ远远ð§ Ŷ
远 § ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§ ﹔ՠ§ ՠ§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远ö§ 
§ ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ §⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
§ՠ﹔远Œ§§
§
Point
for
discussion




ⵔ远§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ远§远㴴§ՠ远﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸蓨§ՠ远﹔Œ§㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔ՠ远§㉀ §⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§
㉀远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴Œ§

ĨƧ
§
§

﹔§ՠ﹔远§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ﹔§﹔﹔㉀﹔§ՠ远﹔§㉀

§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远§ՠ﹔﹔ö§﹔远§远﹔﹔§ ﹔§㉀ՠ§
⦸ՠ﹔㉀﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远ö§




Რ

Რ





BROAD
CATEGORIES
OF
ACADEMIC
STANDARDS




ĆÝ 远﹔

§ՠ
§沤﹔ՠ㴴
§
nÝ ﹔ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
ĐÝ Ū㉀
﹔
㉀
远§㉀ §諀
§§
ĖÝ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
ĜÝ ◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§ՠ諀ՠ﹔
﹔远远§
ĢÝ Ū﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
§×ՠ§ՠ
§㰬﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ݧ


Points
for
discussion

Ø Ű㉀§諀﹔§﹔远㉀
§㉀§ՠ§ ՠ§諀﹔§远﹔
§㉀§
§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§뜘ՠ

﹔Œ§㰬 蓨Œ§

Ø 㰬 ՠ§㉀§諀﹔§ 
㴴§諀 ﹔
§諀﹔§远﹔
§㉀§远㉀뜘﹔ 
Œ§
Ø 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§뜘﹔ՠ
§蓨§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
Œ§㰬 ﹔
§㉀§諀﹔§远ՠ蓨§ ՠ§諀﹔§ ՠ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
﹔§
远㉀뜘﹔ 
Œ§
Ø 㰬 ՠ§ՠ
§ ㉀諀§㉀§諀﹔§﹔ՠ§ՠ
蓨§뜘ՠ﹔ՠŒ§
Ø 㰬 蓨§㉀§諀﹔§﹔ՠ§ՠ
蓨 
Œ§
Ø 㰬 蓨§㉀§諀﹔§諀﹔§ ㉀뜘§﹔ §㉀§ §㉀§㉀§㉀§㉀㉀뜘§
§ՠ§ՠ﹔Œ§
Ø 㰬 ՠ﹔﹔§ ՠ§諀﹔§远﹔ՠ㴴§㉀§諀﹔§远§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨§ՠ⦸⦸﹔ՠ﹔Œ§㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴
㉀諀Œ§
Ø 㰬 ՠ§㉀﹔§㉀﹔远§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ蓨§㉀§軨远﹔§ՠ
蓨§㉀ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
§㉀ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
§ ㉀뜘Œ§
Ø 㰬 ՠ§远§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
Œ§㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§蓨﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔Œ§


﹔远§远﹔﹔§
§﹔ՠö§


Რ傈 LISTENING
AND
RESPONDING







﹔ՠ
§远§ՠ§ 蓨远㉀㉀⦸ՠ§ՠ⦸蓨ö§远﹔

§远§ՠ§⦸㉀
﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远ö§佨﹔ՠ

§远§ՠՠ⦸ ﹔§
㉀§ ﹔ՠ
§ 諀 ﹔
§ 諀﹔§ 远﹔
﹔§ ㉀§ 远㉀뜘﹔ 
ö§ § ⵔ
§ ⦸ՠ远远§ ㉀㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ 뜘﹔﹔§
远﹔

§㉀ §⦸ §远§㉀ §
㉀§軨远﹔§ ﹔§⦸ §远 ㉀軨§﹔远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§§
§
远﹔

§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§远§﹔
§ ﹔§远§㉀ §諀 ՠ§远§远﹔
﹔§㉀ö§㰬 ﹔﹔ՠ远§远﹔

§ՠ
§
﹔远㉀

§
⦸軨﹔远§ 
㴴
§ՠ㉀軨§諀 ՠ§远§﹔
§远﹔
﹔§㉀î§﹔⦸㉀⦸ՠ
§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

§㉀ ﹔§
㉀ՠ蓨§㉀§
§ ﹔§諀﹔
§ ㉀뜘ö§§
§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ远㴴远ĺ§
§

Task
Რ
§§§§﹔﹔§远§ՠ
§ՠ

㉀軨
⦸﹔뜘﹔
ö§§远﹔
§㉀§ö§
§

﹔§ ՠ⦸軨蓨§뜘﹔뜘﹔远§ՠ
§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ﹔§
㉀뜘﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔§
远軨﹔§ ՠ远§﹔⦸﹔§㉀§
㉀§ ㉀§ՠ§ ﹔§§ 远§ՠ蓨§㉀§ ﹔§㉀㉀§ՠ㴴ö§Ė§軨远﹔远§ՠ﹔§ՠՠ
﹔§ՠ
§諀§远ՠ§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§ ㉀远﹔§
㉀⦸㴴远§ ՠ§ 远 ՠ§ Ĩ§ Şö佨ö§ § ާ  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸軨蓨§뜘﹔뜘﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ 
㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ蓨§蓨§ĢöĖĜ§Şö佨§ՠ
§㉀ՠ§ ﹔§軨远远﹔远§ՠ㉀﹔ö§

Ĩn§
§
§
㉀諀î§ § ﹔§ՠ
㴴远§諀 §远軨ՠ﹔§諀㉀远ú§ ՠ远﹔远ö§
§

﹔§ ﹔§§远§㉀ö§

﹔§軨远﹔远§远ՠ§ ㉀뜘ö§

§§ ﹔§ ﹔§§諀§﹔§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔ö§
§軨远﹔远§ՠ﹔§ՠՠ
﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔§ö§
ՠ
§§ՠ﹔§㉀
§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔§ö§
§
Task





Ş
远諀﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
§
Ƨ
﹔§ ﹔§§远§㉀§ ﹔§㉀㉀ö§Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔Œ§Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔远§ՠ
蓨§㉀ ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔Œ§
nö§㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§﹔远㉀
远î§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴î§ՠ﹔§㉀
§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔§Œ§
Đö§㰬 ՠ§ 
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ
§㉀§ՠ㴴﹔§諀 §蓨㉀軨§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔§Œ§
Ėö§㰬 ՠ§远軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔§㉀§蓨㉀軨§⦸㉀§远軨﹔
远§﹔ՠ
§远
§ՠ§㉀㉀Œ§
Ĝö§㰬 蓨§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔§远§㉀ՠ
﹔Œ§


Point
for
discussion


§
㰬 ՠ§ՠ远㴴§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§远§远軨ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ§远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

Œ§
㰬 蓨Œ§
§
ⵔ
§ ﹔
﹔ՠî§ 远﹔

§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
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傈 READING
COMPREHENSION



㰬 蓨§远§﹔ՠ
Œ§
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§

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ૼ傈 CONVENTIONS
OF
WRITING



㰬
§远§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
§㉀ §㉀
﹔远﹔ § ﹔﹔蓨§蓨§ ㉀㉀諀
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§﹔ՠՠ﹔ö§




傈 GRAMMATICAL
AWARENESSĺ§
§
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軨ՠ﹔§ 远§ ㉀ ﹔
§ ⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ远§ ՠ§ 远㴴§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§ ՠ§ 远軨﹔⦸ö§
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﹔§ ⦸ՠ

㉀§ 뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ§  ﹔§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§

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§

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§
傈 VOCABULARY



㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§軨远軨ՠ蓨§㉀諀远§ՠ
§﹔㉀﹔远§諀 §ՠ﹔§ՠ
§远﹔﹔远§ՠ远§ՠ§軨远﹔ 軨§ՠ
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ՠ蓨§㉀§ ﹔ ﹔远远§ 远﹔ §諀 ㉀軨§ ﹔远軨﹔远§ ՠ
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ü 㰬㉀§ՠ뜘﹔远§
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§諀㉀远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔
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§

傈 CREATIVE
EXPRESSION



Ū﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔远远㉀
§ 远§ ㉀ § 諀㉀§ 蓨﹔远î§ ㉀ՠ§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔
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§
諀 ՠ﹔﹔§ ՠ§⦸㉀뜘﹔远§㉀
ՠ蓨§⦸ՠ
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﹔ՠ蓨§﹔远⦸﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔﹔
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远 § ﹔蓨 §
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﹔远﹔§諀 §﹔ՠ⦸ §㉀ ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ՠ远㉀§远ՠ蓨§远㉀﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔蓨§ՠ§ ﹔远﹔§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ﹔§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§
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§ ՠ§  蓨뜘﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ⦸ՠ
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§ՠ§远㉀蓨§ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ
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§㉀§远軨﹔远§ՠ§ ﹔﹔
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§軨远﹔§ ⦸軨﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔§  ﹔뜘§﹔远⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔
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§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§
⦸ ﹔
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ⵔ §蓨㉀軨§諀﹔﹔§ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§湌湌湌ö§Ŷ⦸§
ü
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ
§ՠ远㴴§ ﹔§⦸ §㉀§軨§ՠ§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
î§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§
㉀⦸﹔î§﹔远
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§ՠ§﹔⦸﹔湌ö§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔ ö





Რ





CLASS
WISE
TARGETTED
DISCOURSES
CREATIVE
EXPRESSIVE
TASKS傈

S
No
Details






of
the
Discourses
I
II
III
IV
V

Ćö§ Ū㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
远§ § § § § §
nö§ Ű﹔远⦸㉀
远§ § § § § §
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远§ú㉀﹔뜘远§§ § § § § §
Ėö§ ՠՠ﹔ú§沤㉀蓨§ § § § § §
Ĝö§ Űՠ蓨§ § § § § §
Ģö§ ﹔﹔§ § § § § §
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㉀軨
⦸﹔뜘﹔
§ § § § § §
ĆĐö§ 沤﹔﹔⦸ § § § § § §






Რ

ૼ




GRADING
INDICATORS







◤ՠ
§
⦸ՠ㉀远§ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ§ՠ
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§§
﹔远§㉀§ ㉀軨 § ﹔뜘ö§


LISTENING
AND
SPEAKING





I
II
III
IV
V

Ƨ 远﹔
§㉀§远뜘﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
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§㉀﹔뜘远§





Ė§
﹔远§远㉀﹔远î§
ՠՠ﹔远§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ
§㉀軨⦸﹔远§ՠ§





ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §﹔﹔ð远﹔⦸ ⦸§㉀ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§
Ĝ§ ㉀﹔ðՠ蓨远î§﹔
ՠ⦸§ՠ뜘ՠ§ú远㴴î§ §





Ģ§ ՠ軨远﹔§ § § § § § §
Ĩ§  蓨 뜘§ § § § § §
Į§ ﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§㉀ §﹔뜘㉀㉀
远§×諀 ﹔﹔﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
ݧ § § § § §



READING
COMPREHENSION






I
II
III
IV
V

Ƨ ﹔ՠ远§﹔﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§⦸軨﹔远î§⦸ՠ㉀㉀
远î§ՠ 远î§ § § § § §
ՠ﹔远î§﹔⦸ö§ՠ
§﹔⦸㉀﹔远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§§§
n§ ﹔ՠ远§ՠ§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§諀 §⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§ § § § § §
Ч ﹔ՠ远§ՠ
§﹔﹔㉀远§㉀
﹔远§㉀諀
§﹔⦸﹔㉀
远§ § § § § §
Ė§ ﹔ ﹔远§⦸㉀
ՠ蓨î§ ﹔远ՠ軨軨远î§ §ՠ
§㉀ ﹔§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ § § § § §
뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§
§
§
㉀﹔ĺ§
﹔§﹔﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§諀§﹔§﹔⦸﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔
§ ﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远ö§

ĨĢ§
§

VOCABULARY
AND
GRAMMATICAL
AWARENESS



§ § Classes§
§ Indicators
I
II
III
IV
V

Რ
Vocabulary
and
Word
level
structure
§ § § § §
Morphology傈

Ƨ ﹔  ﹔远§ § § § § §
n§ 沤軨  ﹔远§ § § § § §
Ч
﹔
远﹔§ ㉀뜘远§ § § § § §
Ė§ Ş軨 ՠ﹔远§ §ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ远§×﹔î§ ՠ﹔î§㉀î§諀î§远 ՠî§ § § § § §
﹔⦸§
Ĝ§ Ş﹔﹔뜘﹔
§×﹔远㉀
î§
軨뜘﹔î§﹔
﹔ݧ § § § § § §
Ģ§ ﹔ ﹔ ﹔远§ՠ
§﹔⦸㉀⦸ՠ远§×뜘蓨远﹔ î§﹔ՠ⦸ §㉀ ﹔§öööݧ § § § § §
Ĩ§ ◤﹔軨
远§×﹔ՠ§
㉀軨
远ݧ § § § § §
II
Syntax
and
word
level
grammar
§ § § § §
Į§
﹔§远軨⦸軨﹔§㉀ §远뜘﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ § § § § §
Ĵ§ 沤軨㉀
ՠ㉀
§×ՠ﹔ՠ§⦸㉀

﹔⦸﹔远§諀 §諀 ﹔
î§ § § § § §
 î§ՠ远î§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔î§远
⦸﹔î§﹔⦸öݧ
ĆĀ§ Ū㉀뜘﹔뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
§×ⵔ§ 
㴴§ ՠ§öööݧ § § § § §
§
Caution
§ §
﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ ՠ
§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§ ㉀
蓨§ 
§  ﹔§
⦸㉀
﹔ §㉀ §㉀ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ ㉀§諀 ⦸ § ﹔§
⦸ՠ㉀远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§
ՠ远㉀§㉀§﹔§ՠ㴴﹔
§⦸ՠ﹔§㉀ ö§


CONVENTIONS
OF
WRITING



§ § Classes

§ Indicators
I
II
III
IV
V

I
Capitalization
§ § § § §
Ƨ Ş㉀ 뜘ՠ㉀
§㉀ §軨远﹔§諀 § §﹔


§㉀ § ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§ § § § § §
ՠ
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§
n§ § ӄ远﹔远§諀 ﹔﹔﹔§§远§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§ § § § § §
II
Punctuation
Marks
§ § § § §
Ч 軨§远㉀§ § § § § §
Ė§ Ū㉀뜘뜘ՠ§ § § § § §
Ĝ§ 軨﹔远㉀
§뜘ՠ㴴§ § § § § §
Ģ§ 軨㉀ՠ㉀
§뜘ՠ㴴远§ § § § § §
Ĩ§ 沤ՠ⦸﹔§﹔諀﹔﹔
§諀㉀远§ՠ
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ § § § § §
Į§ 沤﹔
§ § § § § §
Ĵ§ § ã㰬﹔§ §ՠ§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§뜘ՠ
ՠ

§ ﹔§ § § § § §
⦸㉀
﹔
㉀
远§㉀ §諀
§ՠ
§ՠ蓨㉀軨§

ĨĨ§
§
㉀﹔ĺ§
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§﹔﹔ð远﹔⦸ ⦸§
⦸ՠ㉀远§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §㉀ § ﹔远﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§×远㉀
远î§ 蓨뜘﹔远î§远㉀﹔远î§
﹔⦸öݧ諀 ⦸ § ՠ﹔§﹔﹔
§远ՠ﹔§軨
﹔§
ՠ﹔§Ĝö§







Რ









INDICATORS
FOR
DISCOURSE
WISE
FEATURES
FOR
CREATIVE
















EXPRESSION



CONVERSATION䔜DIALOGUE



Gradation
of
Indicators§ Ūՠ远远﹔远§
ⵔ§ ⵔⵔ§ ⵔⵔⵔ§ ⵔ§ §
Ƨ Ť﹔
§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§§ⵔ
ՠ㉀
§ § § § § §
n§ ﹔远㉀
§ՠ㉀ՠ﹔蓨§㉀§ ﹔§
ՠ㉀
§ § § § § § §
Ч ⦸㉀
ՠ
§㉀
﹔§㉀§諀㉀§﹔ ⦸ ՠ
﹔远§ § § § § §
Ė§ Ū㉀
ՠ
§ ﹔﹔§㉀§ § ㉀軨§﹔ ⦸ ՠ
﹔远§ § § § § §
Ĝ§ Ŷ ﹔远远§﹔远§ՠ
§ ﹔﹔
远§﹔﹔ՠ
§㉀§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ § § § § § §
Ģ§ ㉀﹔§远﹔䜜軨﹔
⦸﹔§㉀ §﹔ ⦸ ՠ
﹔远§ § § § § §
Ĩ§ 沤軨远ՠ

§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§ § § § § §
Į§ Ū㉀
﹔ 軨ՠ§﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§ՠ
§뜘ՠ
ՠ

§㉀ §远㉀⦸ՠ§ § § § § §

㉀뜘远§
Ĵ§ ӄ远﹔远§⦸㉀

﹔⦸﹔远§⦸㉀
﹔ 軨ՠ蓨§ § § § § §
ĆĀ§ ӄ远﹔远§㉀
㉀軨
远§㉀﹔蓨§ § § § § §
ĆƧ ӄ远﹔远§ ㉀뜘軨ՠ⦸§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§ § § § § §





DESCRIPTIONS



Gradation
of
Indicators§ Ūՠ远远﹔远§
ⵔ§ ⵔⵔ§ ⵔⵔⵔ§ ⵔ§ §
Ƨ Ű﹔远⦸﹔§㉀﹔⦸远ú 
远ú﹔远㉀
远§
§ ﹔§뜘뜘﹔ՠ﹔§ § § § § §
﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§ՠ
§远ՠ﹔§㉀
﹔§㉀§諀㉀§ՠ軨﹔远§
§ Coherence
§ § § § §
n§ Ű㉀﹔远§
㉀§﹔远远§ § § § § §
Ч ӄ远﹔远§⦸㉀

﹔⦸﹔远§⦸㉀
﹔ 軨ՠ蓨§ § § § § §
Ė§ ӄ远﹔远§㉀
㉀軨
远§㉀﹔蓨§ § § § § §
Ĝ§ 沤﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
§㉀§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ § § § § § §
Ģ§ Ű﹔远⦸﹔§㉀﹔⦸远ú§ 
远ú﹔远㉀
远§⦸﹔ՠ
§뜘ՠ﹔远§ § § § § §
Ĩ§ ӄ远﹔远§ՠ§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ ㉀뜘远§ § § § § §
Į§ ㉀﹔§远﹔䜜軨﹔
⦸﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ远§ § § § § §

ĨĮ§
§
SONG䔜RHYME䔜POEM

§

Ūՠ远远﹔远§
Grading
Indicators
ⵔ§ ⵔⵔ§ ⵔⵔⵔ§ ⵔ§ §
Ƨ 䇼﹔﹔远§ ﹔§ 蓨 뜘§ § § § § §
n§ 沤
远§ ﹔§
﹔§諀 §ՠ⦸㉀
§ § § § § §
Ч ㉀㉀諀远§﹔軨ՠ§远軨⦸軨ՠ§ՠ﹔
§ § § § § §
Ė§ ⵔ﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘
§諀㉀远§ § § § § §
Ĝ§ Ş远§
﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ՠ远§﹔§뜘軨远⦸§ՠ
§ ﹔뜘ՠ⦸§ § § § § §
§
§
§


皤







SUM
UP




佨§ 远§ ՠ
§ ﹔远远﹔
ՠ§ ⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
§ ㉀ § ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔ö§
﹔§ 远﹔﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
§
﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ §﹔﹔ՠ
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔﹔
远§㉀
§ ﹔§⦸﹔ՠ蓨§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§Ş远§§
远§ ㉀远﹔﹔§  ՠ§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ﹔ՠ
§ 
§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 諀ՠ蓨远§ ՠ
§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔﹔
§ 远㉀軨⦸﹔远î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§ ㉀§
㉀﹔§ ㉀㉀軨
﹔远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
ö§ ﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ 远軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔
ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ 
§
뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ՠ远㴴远î§ ㉀§諀 ⦸ § ﹔ú远 ﹔§ ՠ远§㉀§軨远﹔§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§﹔ՠ﹔î§軨⦸ ՠ远﹔§ ㉀§㉀⦸軨﹔ö§ⵔ
§
﹔
﹔ՠ§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ﹔§ 
﹔﹔远﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§ 
§ ՠ⦸﹔远§ ՠ
§ ㉀§ ՠ远㴴远§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ㉀諀
ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ㴴﹔§⦸ՠ﹔§諀 ﹔§軨远
§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§Ť§㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§㉀軨§
㉀軨⦸远§ՠ ﹔§﹔
ö§Ť§㉀㉀㴴远§﹔㉀﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ ㉀§﹔﹔蓨§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ՠ远㴴ö§Ť§㉀㉀㴴远§
﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔蓨§ 
§  ﹔§ ㉀軨远ö§
﹔뜘﹔§ ⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔蓨§
뜘㉀ՠ
§ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔§㉀§﹔⦸§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§﹔ՠ远§ՠ㉀
§諀 §㉀ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§
§
 ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§﹔
⦸﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ 軨﹔远§﹔ ﹔
§
§ ﹔§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
§
§§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§ ㉀㉀㴴§ՠ⦸﹔§ 蓨§⦸㉀
远﹔
§ ﹔§ 远軨﹔远㉀
远§ ՠ
§ 蓨§ ㉀㉀諀
§  ﹔§
軨
§
⦸﹔远§远軨﹔远﹔§ՠ§
ՠ㉀
ՠ§ՠ
§远ՠ﹔§﹔﹔§ՠ
§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§远ՠ﹔§远㉀
ö§
﹔§﹔ §
㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ﹔§﹔﹔㉀﹔§蓨§㴴﹔﹔
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔远§远軨﹔远﹔§ՠ§
ՠ㉀
ՠ§﹔﹔ö§Ű ﹔﹔
§﹔
﹔远§ՠ﹔§ՠ远㉀§
﹔
§諀﹔ ՠ﹔§ՠ㉀
§諀 §ՠ﹔﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§
㉀軨 § ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ
蓨§远㉀軨⦸﹔远§
㉀ § ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ§  ㉀远﹔§ 远㉀軨⦸﹔远§ 远軨ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§ ﹔
⦸﹔§ ㉀﹔§ ⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ㴴﹔
§ 
§
﹔﹔㉀
§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远î§﹔远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§














ASSIGNMENT



ĆÝ Ű远⦸軨远远§ ﹔§
﹔﹔§ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
nÝ Ű远⦸軨远远§ ㉀諀§ՠ§⦸軨﹔§远§軨远﹔ 軨§
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§㉀§﹔ՠ

§Ŷ
远 §ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§
ĐÝ 㰬 ՠ§ 远ՠ﹔﹔远§ ՠ
§ ﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§ ㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀⦸軨﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§
뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§㉀§ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔§ ﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远Œ§
ĖÝ 㰬 ՠ§ 远軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀⦸軨﹔§ ՠ
§ 뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ 
§  ﹔§
Ŷ
远 §⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘Œ§
ĜÝ 佨﹔
㉀
§  ﹔§ 軨﹔
﹔远§ 远軨﹔远﹔§ 蓨§ Ū§ nĀĀĜî§ 
Ŷ§ nĀĀĴî§ ՠ
§ 远⦸軨远远§ ㉀諀§  ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§
﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
Τ

ĨĴ§
§
 ĢÝ Ş﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
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远 §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
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Œ§軨远 蓨§
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远 §ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔Œ§
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§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔Œ§
ĴÝ ㉀諀§§㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ﹔§軨远﹔ 軨§
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远 Œ§
ĆĀÝ ㉀諀§⦸㉀
﹔
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§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§ ㉀뜘§諀﹔
§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
Τ




뜀






PROJECT
WORK



ĆÝ ◤㉀§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§㉀⦸軨뜘﹔
远§ ՠ§ՠ﹔§뜘﹔
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§
㉀﹔§㉀諀
§ ﹔§⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀
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nÝ ◤㉀§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ⵔ§§ՠ
§㉀远﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔﹔⦸㉀
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§ՠ
ՠ蓨远﹔§
諀 ﹔ ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
§⦸㉀
㉀뜘蓨§諀 § ﹔§远ՠ﹔§远㉀
Τ
ĐÝ ㉀⦸軨﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ՠî§軨远﹔§ ﹔뜘§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨úՠ뜘뜘ՠ§
ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§﹔㉀§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔远远§뜘ՠ﹔§蓨§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
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ĖÝ 沤﹔﹔⦸§ՠ§軨
§ ㉀뜘§⦸ՠ远远§§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§ⵔ﹔
 蓨§远㉀뜘﹔§諀㉀远§諀 ⦸ §ՠ﹔§远軨ՠ﹔§㉀§
㉀軨⦸﹔§
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§ ﹔뜘ö§
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§  ﹔§ ՠ远㴴远§ 远軨﹔远﹔§ ՠ
§ ⦸ՠ﹔㉀远﹔§  ﹔뜘§
ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
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§뜘﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔§㴴﹔﹔
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§
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§뜘
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§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
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·
·

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ
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·
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·
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﹔ ðŤ㉀㉀㴴§軨远 ﹔§蓨§
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·
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·
ĺúú﹔﹔㉀ö
﹔únĀĆĐúĆĀúĆĀúՠ⦸﹔ð ՠ
⦸㴴﹔ð ՠ
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ðՠ뜘뜘ՠðՠ⦸﹔远ú§

·
远ĺúú諀諀諀ö﹔ՠ⦸ 
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远 ö㉀ö軨㴴úՠ⦸﹔ú軨远
ð ՠ远 ð⦸ՠ远ð蓨㉀軨
ð﹔ՠ
﹔远§

·
ĺúú ö㉀ú﹔﹔
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·
ĺúú諀諀諀ö
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⦸﹔ú
⦸﹔ú 远﹔ú
㴴远ú ú ㉀⦸軨远㉀軨

ĺúú⦸ ﹔
﹔ՠ

﹔
远 ՠ ﹔⦸﹔蓨ö㉀远㉀ö
únĀĆĐúĀĴúՠðՠ远远㉀
ð ㉀ð§

·
㉀㉀㴴远ö 뜘§
ĺúú諀諀諀ö ﹔
蓨㉀軨
﹔ՠ﹔远ö⦸㉀뜘úŒՠ﹔
ՠ뜘﹔©ð㉀㉀㴴远§
§

ĮĀ§
§
§

UNIT – 3
§

ĮƧ
§
§

CHAPTER伸ૼ



APPROACHES
TO
THE
TEACHING
ENGLISH





ૼ
Რ







INTRODUCTION




﹔§ 远㉀蓨§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ 
§ ⵔ
ՠ§ ՠ远§ ՠ§ ㉀
§ ՠ㉀
ö§ 佨﹔뜘㉀ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§㉀ §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§㉀ ﹔
§ ㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔§뜘ՠ㉀§ՠ§㉀ §远軨⦸ §﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远§
§
 ﹔§ՠ远ö§Ş
⦸﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§沤ՠ
远㴴§ՠ
§ՠ§諀﹔﹔§뜘ՠ远﹔﹔§
§ⵔ
ՠ§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§
㉀ §뜘﹔뜘㉀ՠ㉀
§㉀ §﹔ 远§ՠ
§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§远远ö§풴﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§远远§
﹔﹔§ ㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔§
㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

öŤ軨§ 远§ՠ㉀
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ՠ远§﹔﹔
§远軨﹔⦸﹔§㉀§ՠ§﹔뜘﹔
㉀軨远§
⦸ ՠ
﹔î§﹔远﹔⦸ՠ蓨î§ ㉀軨 ㉀軨§ ﹔§nĀ §⦸﹔
軨蓨ö§





﹔§諀ՠ蓨§㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ
§Ŷ
远 §远§
㉀§﹔ ՠ⦸蓨§ ﹔§諀ՠ蓨§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ö§Şՠ
î§ ﹔§諀ՠ蓨§㉀
﹔§
ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§㉀
﹔远§뜘㉀ ﹔ð㉀
軨﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§䜜軨﹔§ ﹔﹔
§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§諀ՠ蓨§㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ
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 ՠ§
㉀§远
﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §㉀§뜘﹔ ㉀§远§ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ՠ§﹔ՠ

§远蓨﹔远ö§沤軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀§﹔§
 ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

§ՠ
§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ뜘㉀
§ ﹔§﹔뜘远§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ î§뜘﹔ ㉀§ՠ
§﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔ö§
§
§ⵔ
§  远§ ⦸ ՠ﹔§ 远軨﹔
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 ﹔﹔
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⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ § ՠ
§ 뜘﹔ ㉀远§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
Ŷ
远 § 远ՠ
§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§ 佨﹔ ㉀§ 軨§ ㉀§ Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ﹔
﹔§ ﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ՠ﹔§
远⦸軨远远﹔§ 
§ ﹔ՠ§ ՠ㉀
§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远î§ ՠՠ
ՠ﹔远§ ՠ
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远§ ㉀ § ﹔﹔
§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
ՠ
§뜘﹔ ㉀远ö§
﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
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軨§
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軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
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﹔§蓨§
軨远远§
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§ 
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§ ﹔§ 蓨㉀远㴴蓨ö§
﹔§ 远⦸軨远远㉀
§ ㉀
§
ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ
§뜘﹔ ㉀远§諀§ՠ﹔§諀ՠ蓨§㉀§﹔ ㉀﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔§㉀ §Ŷ
§ՠ﹔§蓨§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§

﹔蓨§ 諀§ ⦸⦸ՠ蓨§ ՠ

ՠ蓨﹔§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔远§ ՠ
§ 뜘ՠ㉀
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뜘﹔ ㉀§ 
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ՠ뜘﹔蓨§ ՠ軨㉀蓨î§ 远軨ՠî§ ՠ⦸﹔§ ՠ
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远 §⦸ՠ远远§远§远⦸軨远远﹔ö§ⵔ§远§
﹔蓨§⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀
§  ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ Ŷ
远 § ㉀§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ 
§ ⵔ
ՠö§﹔
⦸﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§
﹔䜜軨﹔§諀 §远ՠ﹔﹔远§㉀§ՠ﹔远远§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远ö§
﹔§㉀﹔§㉀ §远㉀⦸㉀ð§远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ§ ՠ⦸㉀远§远§ՠ远㉀§
﹔ՠ§ 
§  远§ ⦸ ՠ﹔ö§
﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ 
远軨⦸㉀
§ ՠ远§ ﹔﹔
§ ⦸ ՠ

§ ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§ ㉀§  ﹔§
﹔﹔远§ ՠ
§
ՠ远ՠ㉀
远§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ 軨⦸§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ՠ﹔
远ö§ ﹔
⦸﹔§  ﹔﹔§ 远§ ՠ§ 远  § 
§ ՠՠ뜘§ 远§ ㉀远﹔﹔§ ՠ§
 ﹔﹔
§ ﹔﹔远§ 
§  ﹔﹔
§ ﹔远§ 諀 ⦸ § 
⦸軨﹔远§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ㉀軨⦸㉀
î§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§
㉀⦸﹔远远§ ՠ
§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远ö§
﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔䜜軨﹔§ 諀 §  ﹔§ 远  § 
§
ՠՠ뜘ö§ՠՠ﹔§ 远§ ㉀
﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔远§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§ ⵔ§ 远§ 远軨﹔远﹔§  ՠ§
軨§ 远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔远﹔
﹔§

Įn§
§
 ㉀軨 § 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ ՠ
§ ㉀軨軨§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ 
§ ﹔뜘远§ ㉀ § 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远î§ 諀 ⦸ § ՠ﹔远§ 諀ՠ蓨§ ㉀§

ՠ軨ՠ§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀ §Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§Ş뜘㉀
§ ﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§
ՠՠ﹔§远§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔§﹔远§
远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ö
﹔§
ՠՠ﹔§﹔
远軨﹔远§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§
 蓨远⦸ՠ蓨î§远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ蓨§ՠ
§﹔뜘㉀﹔蓨ö§
﹔§﹔뜘㉀﹔§ՠ远﹔⦸§㉀ § ﹔§
ՠՠ﹔§远§﹔蓨§뜘㉀ՠ
§
㉀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§ ﹔
⦸﹔§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§
ՠՠ㉀远§ 
§  ﹔§
ՠ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§㉀§軨远﹔§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§軨远
§ ﹔§远ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §⦸㉀﹔§远諀⦸ 
§諀 ﹔§

ՠՠ
§ ՠ§ 远㉀蓨ö§ ㉀
§ ⦸ § 
軨§  ㉀軨 § 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ 远§  ﹔§ ՠ远远§ ㉀§ Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ﹔
﹔§
﹔ՠ㉀蓨ö§§Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ﹔§諀㉀§蓨﹔远§§㉀ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
ö§
§
ૼ


OBJECTIVES

§
Ş ﹔§㉀
§ ㉀軨 § 远§⦸ ՠ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§湌§§
§
Ø ﹔ 
﹔§ ﹔§﹔뜘远§Ş㉀ՠ⦸ î§佨﹔ ㉀§ՠ
§
﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔§§
Ø 远
軨远 § ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔远§Ş㉀ՠ⦸ î§佨﹔ ㉀§ՠ
§
﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔§§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§ ՠ
§ ﹔뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ㉀ § § Ť﹔ ՠ㉀远î§ 沤軨⦸軨ՠ§ Ş㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ
§
Ū㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ö§
Ø 远⦸軨远远§ 
§ ﹔ՠ§  ﹔﹔
§ 뜘﹔ ㉀远§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ Ŷ
远 § 㴴﹔§ ◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠð
ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§
佨﹔ ㉀î§Ű﹔⦸§佨﹔ ㉀î§沤軨﹔远㉀﹔ՠî§沤﹔
§㰬ՠ蓨§﹔⦸ö§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §
﹔§﹔ՠ㉀蓨§㉀ §⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨§
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ

§
沤﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
Ø 远⦸軨远远§ 沤﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§  ﹔㉀﹔远§ ㉀㉀远﹔§ 蓨§ 沤﹔ ﹔
§ 䇼ՠ远 ﹔
î§ 沤﹔﹔
§

㴴﹔î§ՠ
§Ū㉀㉀㴴§ՠ
§蓨㉀远㴴蓨ö§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§ ﹔㉀﹔⦸ՠ§㉀远軨ՠ﹔远§㉀ §
﹔§Ū㉀
﹔§ՠ
§Ū㉀
远軨⦸远§Ş㉀ՠ⦸ §ՠ
§
 ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§뜘⦸ՠ㉀
远ö§
Ø 远⦸軨远远§ ﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§ՠ
§㉀﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ
﹔远§
§远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔﹔
§㴴
远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
﹔远§§
ՠ軨﹔§㉀ §蓨㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ
§﹔

﹔远ö§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ՠ
§ ﹔䜜軨§  ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远§ ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ 远㉀⦸㉀ð
远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ§ ՠ⦸㉀远§
㉀﹔§
§ö§§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§沤ՠ﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§
ՠ﹔远§
§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠՠ뜘§远  §
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
ՠ
§﹔ՠ

§Ŷ
远 §ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§
﹔﹔§ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §
ՠՠ﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§﹔ՠ㉀⦸ՠ§㉀㉀§
Ø 远⦸軨远远§  ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§ ㉀ § ㉀㉀諀
§ Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ﹔
﹔§ ﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ 
§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §ՠ远§ՠ§远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
§
ૼ
ૼ







METHODS
AND
APPROCHCES



ૼ
ૼ
Რ



§APPROACH

§
Ŷ諀ՠ§ Ş
 ㉀
蓨î§ ՠ
§ Ş뜘﹔⦸ՠ
§ ՠ﹔§ 
軨远§ ﹔
 ﹔§  ﹔§  ﹔﹔§ ﹔﹔远§ ㉀ §
⦸㉀
⦸﹔軨ՠՠ㉀
§ ՠ
§ ㉀ՠ
ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔뜘远î§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ î§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ՠ
§ ﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔ö§
﹔§  ﹔﹔§
﹔뜘远§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ î§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ՠ
§ ﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ⦸ՠ蓨§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § ㉀ ﹔ö§ Ş
§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §
﹔远⦸﹔远§ ﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔⦸§ՠ
§ՠ§㉀
§㉀ §﹔諀§﹔ՠ
§远§ՠ㉀軨远§ՠ远﹔⦸远ö§§ⵔ§远§ՠ§远﹔ §
﹔﹔
§軨 §×ՠ ㉀뜘Ýî§ՠ§﹔⦸﹔﹔§
⦸﹔î§ՠ
§ ﹔﹔ ㉀﹔î§ ㉀远㉀ ⦸ՠî§﹔远⦸
§ ﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§㉀ §
 ﹔§远軨﹔⦸§뜘ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§ՠ軨 ö§§
﹔§뜘﹔ ㉀§﹔远軨远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ö§§
﹔§﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§ՠ﹔§ՠ远﹔§
㉀
§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔ ㉀ö§ Ş
§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ § 远§ ՠ§ 远﹔§ ㉀ § ⦸㉀﹔ՠ﹔§ ՠ远远軨뜘㉀
远§ ﹔ՠ
§ 諀 §  ﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§ ㉀ §

ĮЧ
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§  ﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ

ö§ ⵔ§ 远ՠ﹔远§  ﹔§ ㉀
§ ㉀ § ﹔諀î§
 ㉀远㉀ 蓨î§ՠ
§ՠ⦸﹔§㉀ § ՠ §
§远㉀뜘﹔ 
§諀 ⦸ §㉀
﹔§﹔﹔﹔远ö§


ૼ
ૼ







METHOD



ާ뜘﹔ ㉀§諀 ⦸ §㉀
ՠ﹔远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §远§⦸㉀
⦸﹔
﹔§諀 §ՠ
§㉀﹔蓨§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§
㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀§  ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§ⵔ§远§㉀⦸﹔軨ՠ§ ՠ
§
軨﹔
⦸﹔§蓨§ ﹔§ ՠ⦸㉀远§㴴﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀ՠ远§㉀ § ﹔§
⦸㉀軨远﹔î§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔î§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§﹔﹔î§⦸軨軨ՠ§ՠ⦸㴴§㉀軨
§ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ㉀
远 §﹔諀﹔﹔
§
﹔ՠ
﹔远§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ⵔ§远§軨远軨ՠ蓨§ՠ⦸⦸㉀뜘ՠ
﹔§蓨§﹔ 軨ՠ§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§
§
ૼ
ૼ
ૼ





TECHNIQUE§§
§
ާ﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔§ 远§뜘﹔뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
›§ⵔ§ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ⦸﹔§
§  ﹔§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§⦸ՠ远远§㉀㉀뜘ö§ⵔ§远§ՠ§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§
⦸㴴î§ ㉀§ 远ՠ﹔蓨§ ㉀§ ﹔⦸﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸⦸㉀뜘远 § ՠ
§ 뜘뜘﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀﹔⦸﹔ö§
﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§ 뜘軨远§ ﹔§
⦸㉀
远远﹔
§ 諀 §  ﹔§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ՠ
§  ﹔﹔ ㉀﹔§ 
§ ՠ뜘㉀
蓨§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ § ՠ远§ 諀﹔ö§ ﹔ՠ

§
远ՠ﹔﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§軨远﹔§蓨§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§ ՠ§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §軨
﹔远ՠ

î§﹔ՠ

§
ՠ
§ ՠ蓨
§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ 远﹔⦸ ⦸§ ՠ⦸㉀
远§ ՠ㴴﹔
§ 蓨§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§ ㉀§ 뜘ՠ㴴﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§
﹔ՠ远﹔î§ ՠ远﹔î§뜘㉀﹔§﹔
㉀蓨ՠ﹔î§ՠ
§뜘㉀﹔§远﹔ §﹔⦸﹔§ՠ
§뜘㉀﹔§ՠ
远 ﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§㴴
㉀諀
§远軨ՠ㉀
远ö§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§远ՠ﹔﹔远§ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§軨
﹔远ՠ

§ՠ
§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
§뜘㉀﹔§
ՠ⦸⦸﹔远远﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§뜘뜘﹔ՠ﹔蓨§远﹔§ՠ
§﹔
 ՠ﹔ö§
§
§ Ş
§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §远§ ﹔§﹔﹔§ՠ§諀 ⦸ §ՠ远远軨뜘㉀
远§ՠ
§﹔﹔ 远§ՠ㉀軨§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ

§ ՠ﹔§远﹔⦸ ﹔›§諀 ﹔﹔ՠ远î§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ 远§  ﹔§ ﹔﹔§ ՠ§ 諀 ⦸ §  ﹔㉀蓨§远§ 軨§ 
㉀§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ§
諀 ⦸ § ⦸ ㉀⦸﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ 뜘ՠ﹔§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸軨ՠ§ 远㴴远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ軨 î§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ㉀﹔§ 
§ 諀 ⦸ §  ﹔§
⦸㉀
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ૼ








BEHAVIOURIST
AND
STRUCTURAL
APPROACHES



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軨ՠ﹔§


ૼ








S伸O伸S
APPROACH

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COMMUNICATIVE
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PRINCIPLES
OF
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§ 佨﹔㉀諀§ ×nĀĀĀݧ ㉀ § ՠ﹔§ 軨远﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔뜘§ 
⦸﹔§
§

Ø Ŷ⦸﹔⦸⦸远뜘§
㉀﹔远§  ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ՠ⦸﹔远î§﹔ՠ⦸ §㉀ §諀 ⦸ §
﹔⦸﹔⦸⦸远뜘§㉀§﹔远⦸﹔§ՠ§﹔远ՠ﹔î§⦸㉀ ﹔﹔
î§軨ՠ远⦸§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§§

뜘ՠ蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§  ﹔﹔

§ ⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远⦸远§ ՠ
§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ 뜘㉀ՠ﹔§ 蓨§  ﹔﹔
§ 軨
﹔蓨
§
ՠ远远軨뜘㉀
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Ø
﹔§軨远﹔§ ﹔⦸﹔⦸⦸远뜘§ 远§軨﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ⦸§ ՠ§ ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§ 远﹔
 远§ ՠ远§ 諀﹔§ՠ远§ 諀﹔ՠ㴴
﹔远远﹔远§㉀ §
远
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⦸﹔§ 軨㉀
§ ՠ§ 远
﹔§  ﹔㉀蓨§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ՠ远§ ﹔﹔
§
⦸⦸﹔§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ§뜘﹔§
軨뜘﹔§㉀ §﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§⦸ՠ
§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§뜘﹔⦸ ՠ
⦸ö§§

ĮĮ§
§
 Ø
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔⦸﹔远§諀 ՠ§뜘﹔ ㉀㉀㉀蓨§㉀§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §㉀§軨远﹔§﹔﹔
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§ ﹔§㉀軨ö§Ş뜘㉀远§ՠ§뜘㉀﹔
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ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ
§뜘﹔ ㉀㉀㉀﹔远ö§§


Şՠ
ՠ﹔远§㉀ §ՠ
§﹔⦸﹔⦸⦸§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §§
§
ü Safety姧§
﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §﹔ՠ远§ՠ
§㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔﹔
§﹔ 远
§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
ՠ
§뜘﹔ ㉀远§諀§
⦸﹔ՠ远﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ՠ
⦸﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§ՠ㴴
§ՠ⦸﹔ö§§
ü Interest姧§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
﹔﹔§㉀§軨远﹔§ ﹔﹔
§﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§㉀§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ѧՠ﹔
㉀
ö§§
ü Diversity姧§Ű ﹔﹔
§﹔ՠ

ú﹔ՠ⦸ 
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﹔ 远§﹔䜜軨﹔§ ﹔﹔
§뜘﹔ ㉀㉀㉀﹔远ö§§
ü Flexibility姧§Ş諀ՠ﹔
﹔远远§㉀ §ՠ§ՠ
﹔§㉀ §ՠՠՠ﹔§﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§諀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ㉀§
뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§﹔﹔§ՠ
§뜘ՠ
ՠ﹔§軨
﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§远軨ՠ㉀
远ö§ⵔ
㉀뜘﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
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§㉀§﹔§
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﹔远§
㉀諀§远⦸軨远远§远㉀뜘﹔§뜘﹔ ㉀远§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §


ૼ








GRAMMAR伸TRANSLATION
METHOD




﹔§ ◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§
ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§ 佨﹔ ㉀§ ×◤
佨ݧ 远§ ﹔ ՠ远§  ﹔§ ㉀﹔远§ ㉀ § ՠ§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔ ㉀远§ ㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 ö§ⵔ§远§ՠ§諀ՠ蓨§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀軨 §ՠ§﹔ՠ﹔§远軨蓨§㉀ §远§ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§
﹔§
蓨⦸ՠ§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴§ ՠ§﹔远远㉀
远§㉀ՠ
﹔§㉀
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§㉀
远ö§◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§軨﹔远§
諀﹔﹔§ ﹔ ՠ
﹔§ ՠ
§ 軨远ՠ﹔§ 軨远
§ 远ՠ뜘﹔§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ö§ 軨﹔远§ 諀﹔﹔§ ﹔远﹔
﹔§ 远§ ՠ
§ ՠ㉀軨远§
﹔ ՠ뜘﹔远§ ㉀㉀諀﹔ö§ ﹔
⦸﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ 諀ՠ远§ ﹔軨⦸﹔ö§ 沤軨﹔
远§ 諀﹔﹔§ ﹔䜜軨﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ
远ՠ﹔§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ
§ ՠ远远ՠ﹔远§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀ ﹔§ ㉀
軨﹔§ ՠ
§ ⦸﹔§ ﹔远ՠö§
﹔§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ 諀ՠ远§  ﹔§ ՠ远⦸§ 軨
§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ՠ
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔ö§ 沤㉀뜘﹔§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ 㴴﹔§ ㉀﹔远§
諀﹔﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§蓨§ ﹔ՠ

§
FEATURES

Ø Ş§
ՠ㉀
ՠ§諀ՠ蓨§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ
§ՠ
§◤﹔﹔㴴ö§ⵔ
§ ﹔§ĆĴ §⦸﹔
軨蓨§軨远﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔
⦸ î§
§

Ø
蓨⦸ՠ§﹔远远㉀
§⦸㉀
远远﹔§㉀ §ՠݧ﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§軨﹔î§ݧ远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§諀﹔
§﹔ §
◤﹔뜘ՠ
§ՠ
§Ŷ
远 ö§

 ՠ§ ﹔뜘㉀
远ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ 軨﹔î§ ⦸ݧ 远§ ㉀ §
﹔諀§ 諀㉀远î§ ݧ ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远î§ ﹔ݧ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§
﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远ö§
Ø Ŷ뜘 ՠ远远§㉀
§﹔ՠ

§㉀§﹔ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔ö§§
Ø ㉀
î§﹔ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§﹔ ՠ
ՠ㉀
远§㉀ § ﹔§
⦸ՠ⦸﹔远§㉀ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ﹔§﹔
ö§§
Ø 佨﹔軨뜘§㉀ §
远軨⦸㉀
§远§ ﹔§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔ö§§
Ø ㉀§㉀远㉀
§ ㉀§ ﹔§㉀ՠ§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§
Ø ﹔§ ՠ﹔
㉀
§ 远§ ՠ§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀
﹔
§ ㉀ § ﹔ 远î§ 諀 ⦸ § ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ՠ远§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§ 
§ 
§
ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§ՠ
ՠ蓨远远ö§§
Ø  ﹔
§  ﹔§ ㉀
蓨§远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§ 
§ ՠ
远ՠ
§远⦸㉀

﹔⦸﹔§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§ ՠ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
㉀§ ﹔§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔ö§§
Ø  §﹔﹔远§㉀ §ՠ⦸⦸軨ՠ⦸蓨§諀﹔﹔§﹔뜘 ՠ远﹔ö§§
Ø ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§﹔뜘远§諀﹔﹔§﹔远﹔
﹔§
§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘§㉀ §
軨ՠ§远远§㉀§﹔§뜘﹔뜘㉀﹔ö§

ĮĴ§
§
ADVANTAGES

ü ◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§뜘﹔ ㉀§ 諀ՠ远§ 諀﹔蓨§ՠ⦸⦸﹔﹔§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ §諀ՠ远§ ﹔⦸㉀
㉀뜘⦸ՠ§ՠ
§뜘﹔§

远ՠ
ö§
ü ⵔ§㉀﹔§⦸ՠ蓨§㉀ §
﹔諀§ՠ
§ ⦸軨§諀㉀远î§㉀ ﹔﹔§ ﹔§远 ㉀﹔远§諀ՠ蓨§㉀§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀﹔
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
ü Ş远§ ՠ§ՠ远§ ﹔§﹔

﹔远§ՠ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔
﹔î§ ﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
§﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ远蓨§远
⦸﹔§§远§㉀
﹔§

§ ﹔§㉀諀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§


LIMITATIONS



öŶö§ՠ뜘﹔§⦸ՠՠ㉀軨﹔远§ ﹔§諀﹔ՠ㴴
﹔远远﹔远§㉀ § 远§뜘﹔ ㉀§
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§諀㉀远ĺ§
§
§§§풴ⵔ§远§㉀
﹔§諀 ⦸ §﹔ՠ远§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§ՠ远§ § ﹔蓨§諀﹔﹔§﹔ՠî§ՠ远§ §﹔ՠ⦸ §⦸㉀
远远﹔§﹔远远﹔
ՠ蓨§㉀ §
ՠ§ ⦸㉀﹔⦸㉀
§ ㉀ § ՠ
⦸﹔
§ ㉀⦸軨뜘﹔
远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔⦸ ﹔﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ
ՠ蓨远﹔ö§ ⵔ§ 远§  ﹔§ ㉀
﹔§ 諀 ⦸ §
⦸ՠ﹔㉀⦸ՠ蓨§
㉀﹔远§ՠ§⦸㉀
远﹔ՠ㉀
远§㉀ §㉀뜘ՠ
§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§㉀ §Ŷ
远 ö§

Ø ⵔ§ ⦸ՠ
§ ㉀
蓨§ ﹔§ ⦸ՠ뜘﹔§  ՠ§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠðՠ
远ՠ㉀
§ ㉀⦸軨远§ 远§ ﹔
﹔蓨§ ㉀
§ ㉀뜘î§ ՠ
§
㉀§

뜘﹔ՠ

ö§
Ø ՠ远§㉀§㉀﹔§ՠ§﹔ՠ§﹔ՠ§㉀ §⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨ö§
Ø ◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠðՠ
远ՠ㉀
§ 뜘⦸蓨§ՠ远远軨뜘﹔远§  ՠ§ ⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§⦸㉀
㉀§ ㉀ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ 远§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§
㉀§뜘ՠ远﹔蓨ö§ⵔ
§㉀ ﹔§諀㉀远î§﹔ՠ

§
﹔﹔远§㉀§﹔⦸﹔﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§§
Ø
远§ՠ远远軨뜘㉀
§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ﹔远§ ՠ§ՠ§ՠ﹔§远軨⦸軨﹔远§﹔§
㉀軨⦸﹔§ՠ
§﹔ ՠ
﹔ö§§
Ø ◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠðՠ
远ՠ㉀
î§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔远軨§ 
§ ﹔蓨§㉀諀§ ՠ뜘㉀軨
远§ ㉀ §ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔›§ 諀 ՠ§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
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§ ﹔ՠ

§ 远§ ՠ远蓨§
㉀﹔﹔뜘 ՠ远﹔ö§
Ø
㉀軨 § 远§뜘﹔ ㉀§远﹔

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§远㴴远§ՠ﹔§
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Ø Ş§諀㉀远§ՠ
§ ՠ远﹔远§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§Ŷ
远 §﹔䜜軨ՠ﹔
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Ø
﹔﹔§諀ՠ远§
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蓨§ ㉀§﹔﹔㉀
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⦸﹔ö§§
Ø 沤
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远§蓨ð ﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
§軨远﹔§§
ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§§
§
ૼ
뜀







DIRECT
METHOD



§ Ŷ ㉀远軨﹔§㉀§
ՠ軨ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§軨远
§﹔﹔蓨ՠ蓨§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§远§ ﹔§﹔远§諀ՠ蓨§㉀§
﹔ՠ
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 諀 ㉀軨§ ՠ
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﹔远§ ㉀ §
Ű﹔⦸§佨﹔ ㉀ö§
﹔§Ű﹔⦸§뜘﹔ ㉀§諀ՠ远§ՠ远㉀§⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ远§
ՠ軨ՠ§뜘﹔ ㉀§㉀§﹔ ㉀뜘﹔§뜘﹔ ㉀ö§ⵔ
§ 远§
뜘﹔ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§諀ՠ远§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§
﹔諀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§
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ՠ軨ՠ§뜘ՠ

﹔§㴴﹔§ 远§뜘㉀ ﹔§

㉀
軨﹔ö§
§
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§ՠ§ ㉀﹔
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軨ՠ﹔§﹔远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§ՠ§뜘㉀﹔
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 ㉀軨 § ⦸㉀
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§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ
§ 
§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远﹔ § 諀 ㉀軨§  ﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ § 軨远§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§諀 ㉀軨§ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§諀 ㉀軨§远軨蓨§㉀ § ㉀뜘ՠ§ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§
﹔§ 远§諀㉀远§ՠ﹔§ՠ軨 §蓨§
㉀

§㉀§㉀﹔⦸远§㉀§⦸軨﹔远§㉀§蓨§﹔ ㉀뜘
§ՠ⦸㉀
远ö§Ş⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ö§Ū ՠ뜘㉀
§풴To teach
directly is to establish a direct or immediate association between experience and expression
between the English word, phrase, or idiom and meaningö§§Ű﹔⦸§佨﹔ ㉀§﹔뜘㉀蓨远§ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ㉀
§
㉀ §﹔ՠ远§ՠ
§㉀﹔⦸远§㉀§⦸㉀
⦸﹔远§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§諀 §﹔ ﹔远远㉀
§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§佨öö
⦸㴴㉀㉀ö§㉀軨ՠ§

ĴĀ§
§
﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§ 軨远﹔§ ՠ远§ ՠ§ ㉀ §  远§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ 諀﹔﹔§ ﹔⦸軨
î§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀
ՠ§ ՠ
§ 軨
ՠ﹔§ ﹔ 远§
㉀㉀諀﹔§蓨§远軨뜘뜘ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ 远§㉀ §㉀ՠ蓨§ՠ
§
§諀
ö§
§
PRINCIPLES




Oral
Practice


﹔§ Ű﹔⦸§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ՠ蓨远§ ﹔뜘 ՠ远远§ ㉀
§ ㉀ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§
㉀㉀軨 § ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ ՠ
§

§远§﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§軨远§ ㉀§远﹔

î§뜘ՠ
§ՠ
§远﹔ՠ㴴
ö§ⵔ
§ 远§諀ՠ蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§⦸㴴远§
軨§ 軨﹔
⦸蓨§
§远﹔﹔⦸ ö

§
The
unit
of
speech
is
a
sentence

ⵔ
§  ﹔§ Ű﹔⦸§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ﹔뜘 ՠ远远§ 远§ ՠ§ ㉀
§ 远﹔ՠ㴴
§ 軨§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔远﹔
远§﹔﹔蓨§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§諀 § ﹔§ ﹔§㉀ §ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§远軨ՠ㉀
远ö

§
Inhibition
of
mother
tongue

Ş远§ ՠ§ ՠ远§ ㉀远远﹔§ 뜘㉀ ﹔§ ㉀
軨﹔§ 远§
㉀§ 軨远﹔§ 諀 ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
Ŷ
远 ö§
﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ﹔§諀 § ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

§﹔⦸蓨ö

§
Inductive
teaching
of
grammar

ⵔ
§ ﹔§Ű﹔⦸§뜘﹔ ㉀§﹔뜘 ՠ远远§远§ՠ§㉀
§ 軨
⦸㉀
ՠ§ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§
◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§远§ՠ軨 §
﹔⦸蓨§ՠ
§
軨⦸﹔蓨ö

§
Progressive
teaching
of
new
vocabulary

﹔諀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§远§ՠ軨 §ՠ ﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨§远﹔﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
§
ՠՠ㉀
ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§㉀ §㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§远§㉀﹔远远﹔ö§﹔諀§諀㉀远§ՠ﹔§ՠ軨 §蓨§㉀

§㉀﹔⦸远î§
㉀§⦸軨﹔远§㉀§﹔ ՠ
ՠ㉀
远§㉀§軨远
§
§远軨ՠ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ ö

§
ADVANTAGES

ü
﹔§ Ű﹔⦸§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ 远§ 远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ蓨§ ՠ§ 远㉀軨
§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ § ㉀㉀諀远§  ﹔§
ՠ軨ՠ§

㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§ ﹔§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔ö§
ü ⵔ§﹔ ՠ
远§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§諀 ⦸ §뜘㉀﹔远§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
ö§軨远§ՠ远㉀§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ 軨﹔
⦸蓨§
§远﹔﹔⦸ ö§
ü
﹔§ Ű﹔⦸§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ՠ뜘远§ ՠ§ ՠ⦸⦸ՠ§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘ՠ
§ ㉀ § Ŷ
远 § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ ⵔ§ ՠ远㉀§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔远§

ü ⵔ§뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远§ՠ§﹔ՠ远ՠ
§ՠ⦸蓨ö§
⦸⦸ՠ§远軨蓨§㉀ §﹔ՠ軨﹔ö§

ü ⵔ§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔远§ 
㴴
§
§Ŷ
远 §諀 ⦸ §뜘㉀﹔远§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
ՠ§ՠ蓨§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§


LIMITATIONS

Ø
﹔﹔§远§
㉀§﹔
㉀軨 §諀
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§ ﹔
⦸﹔§§远§ՠ
§
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§뜘﹔ ㉀§
§﹔뜘远§㉀ §

沤㰬§远㴴远ö§
Ø
﹔§ ㉀
ՠ蓨§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ⦸ՠ

㉀§ ㉀§ 軨远⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ

軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§ ⵔ§
﹔﹔远§ 
軨ՠ§ ㉀
§
軨远î§諀 ⦸ §远§
㉀§㉀远远﹔ö§
Ø ⵔ§远§ՠ§ ⦸軨î§뜘﹔§ՠ㴴
§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔
远﹔§뜘﹔ ㉀ö§
Ø ⵔ§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ ﹔远远§ ㉀
§ 軨
⦸㉀
ՠ§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠî§ 軨§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ㉀ § ㉀뜘ՠ§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ 远§ ՠ远㉀§

﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨ö§
§

ĴƧ
§
ૼ
Რ







AUDIO
LINGUAL
METHOD



Ş軨㉀§ 
軨ՠ§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§㉀
ՠ﹔§ ՠ远§ ՠ§ ՠ§ ㉀ § ՠ
§ 
﹔
远﹔§ ՠ

§㉀ՠ뜘뜘﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§
Ş뜘﹔⦸ՠ
§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔远㉀

﹔ö§ Ť㉀㉀뜘远 ﹔§ ՠ

§ ㉀ ﹔远§ ㉀뜘軨ՠ﹔§  远§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ՠ远﹔§ ㉀
§ ㉀ՠ§
ՠ⦸⦸﹔ö§ⵔ§
㉀﹔§軨﹔§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§諀 §ՠ§
ՠ﹔§远﹔ՠ㴴﹔§諀 ㉀§㉀﹔§뜘㉀﹔§軨﹔ՠ
⦸﹔远ö§§
§

﹔§ Ş軨㉀
軨ՠ§ 佨﹔ ㉀§ 諀ՠ远§ 远§ 㴴
㉀諀
§ ՠ远§  ﹔§ Ş뜘蓨§ 佨﹔ ㉀§ ﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ § ՠ§ ﹔﹔
§
ՠ㉀﹔§ 蓨§  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ 軨
§  ﹔§ 沤﹔⦸㉀
§ 㰬㉀§ 㰬ՠ§ 諀 ﹔
§ § ﹔⦸ՠ뜘﹔§ ﹔﹔
§  ՠ§ 뜘㉀远§
Ş뜘﹔⦸ՠ
远§ 諀﹔﹔§ ㉀﹔﹔远远蓨§ 뜘㉀
㉀
軨ՠö§ Ş佨§ 远§
㉀§ 軨
㴴﹔§  ﹔§ Ű﹔⦸§ 佨﹔ ㉀§ 
§  ՠ§ 远§
軨㉀远﹔§远§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §远軨﹔
远§㉀§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
﹔§Ş軨㉀
軨ՠ§佨﹔ ㉀§远§
ՠ§軨﹔蓨§﹔ ՠ㉀远⦸§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§ⵔ§远§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§§諀㉀㴴§ ՠ§ՠ뜘远§㉀§ ㉀뜘§
㉀㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ远î§ՠ
§§뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§軨远﹔§㉀ §﹔ ﹔
远﹔§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
沤軨﹔
远§﹔
﹔§ ﹔§ՠ﹔ðՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§諀 § ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔§远ՠ﹔远§﹔
﹔蓨§ՠ
㴴꧀ՠ§﹔ՠ远§

§  ﹔㉀蓨꧀ՠ
§  ﹔蓨§ ﹔⦸﹔﹔§ ՠ㉀軨远§ 
軨远⦸§ 远뜘軨§ ՠ
§ ﹔远㉀
§ ㉀§  ﹔뜘ö§ ⵔ §  ﹔蓨§ ﹔远㉀
§
⦸㉀﹔⦸蓨î§ ﹔蓨§﹔
㉀蓨§ՠ§﹔諀ՠ§ՠ
§﹔﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔远㉀
远﹔î§諀 ⦸ §㉀뜘㉀﹔远§㉀㉀§ ՠ§ ㉀뜘ՠ㉀
ö§



FEATURES

Ø Dialogue
뜘﹔뜘㉀ՠ㉀
ö§

Ø Repetition
drill

沤軨﹔
远§﹔﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§뜘㉀﹔§ՠ远§ՠ⦸⦸軨ՠ﹔蓨§ՠ
§ՠ远§䜜軨⦸㴴蓨§ՠ远§
㉀远远﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§
﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ㉀ö§§
Ø Transformation
drill


﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔远§远軨﹔
远§ՠ§⦸﹔ՠ
§㴴
§㉀ §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ﹔
ö§
沤軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔§㉀§ՠ
远 ㉀뜘§ՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§
㉀§ՠ§
﹔ՠ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔ö§§
Ø Question伸and伸answer
drill


远§§﹔远§远軨﹔
远§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§諀 §ՠ
远諀﹔
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§§


LIMITATIONS

Ø
﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§远§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀§﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§軨§ 远§
㉀﹔뜘﹔
§远§뜘﹔﹔蓨§뜘﹔⦸ ՠ
⦸ՠö§§§
§

Ø
﹔§뜘﹔
ՠ§㉀⦸﹔远远§远§
㉀§
㉀﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ

ö§§
Ø
﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §﹔﹔﹔远§ ՠ§﹔㉀远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§﹔﹔
﹔§蓨§﹔远﹔

§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
§

Ø
远§§⦸﹔㉀
§㉀ §远뜘⦸蓨§뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§ ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§軨

﹔﹔远
§ ㉀§ ﹔§⦸ ö§
远뜘ՠ§远﹔远ö§§

§



ૼ
ᲠᲠ






BILINGUAL
METHOD



Űö§Ūöö§Ű㉀远㉀
§㉀ §㰬 ՠ﹔远§ӄ
﹔远蓨§㉀㉀远﹔§ 远§뜘﹔ ㉀ö§
远§뜘﹔ ㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§軨远﹔§㉀ §
諀㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远ö §풴The mother tongue and the target language English. This method is a
combination of the Grammar Translation Method§ՠ
§Ű﹔⦸§佨﹔ ㉀ö§§
﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§
㉀ §뜘㉀ ﹔§ ㉀
軨﹔§ 远§ 軨﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ

§  ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ 沤﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ 远§  ﹔§ 軨
§㉀ §﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴§
§Ŷ
远 §㉀
蓨ö§


PRINCIPLES




Restricted
use
of
mother
tongue


﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§軨远﹔远§ ﹔§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§
§ՠ§﹔远⦸﹔§뜘ՠ

﹔§㉀§
﹔§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

远§㉀ §
﹔諀§諀㉀远î§㉀뜘远î§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§軨﹔远§ՠ
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ﹔
远ö

Ĵn§
§
§
Intensive
practice
of
patterns

ⵔ
§Ŷ
远 §㉀§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ远î§ ﹔§軨远§諀§﹔§
﹔
§㉀㉀軨远§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§㉀ §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ﹔
远§諀 ㉀軨§ ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔ö

§
Mother
tongue
is
used
only
during
early
stages


﹔§ 軨远﹔§㉀ §뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§諀§﹔§ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
㉀﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔§軨远§ՠՠ
⦸﹔§
§﹔ՠ

ö

§
Introduction
of
reading
and
writing
after
pattern
practice

Ş ﹔§ՠ﹔
§
î§﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§
諀
§諀§﹔§
㉀軨⦸﹔ö§㰬㉀§㉀§諀㉀§ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§远§
㉀§軨远﹔ö§﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§远§ ﹔§軨
§㉀ §
远﹔﹔⦸ ö

§
ADVANTAGES

ü
﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§远ՠ﹔远§ՠ§㉀§㉀ §뜘﹔§ՠ
§㉀뜘㉀﹔远§䜜軨⦸㴴§軨
﹔远ՠ

ö§

ü
﹔§ ՠ㉀軨§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远§ 远ՠ﹔ö§ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§ ㉀ §远軨ՠ㉀
远§ ﹔§ 軨远﹔远§ 뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§ ㉀§
⦸㉀
﹔蓨§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

远§㉀ §諀㉀远ö§
ü ⵔ§远軨远§ՠ§蓨﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§§㉀﹔远§
㉀§軨﹔
§ ﹔뜘§諀 §﹔ ՠ§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
ö§
ü ⵔ§㉀뜘㉀﹔远§ 軨﹔
⦸蓨§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ ﹔﹔§远§远﹔远远§㉀
§远﹔﹔⦸ §ՠ
§ՠ﹔
§ՠ⦸⦸﹔ö§
ü ⵔ§远§远軨ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ§蓨﹔远§㉀ §远⦸ ㉀㉀远î§ö﹔ö§軨ՠ§ՠ
§軨ՠ
ö§
ü ⵔ§ 뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ 
軨远⦸§ ՠ远§ ՠ﹔ՠ蓨§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ 蓨§ ﹔§ 軨远§ 
§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ㉀ §
﹔ՠ

§ 远§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔ö§


LIMITATIONS

Ø ⵔ
§  ﹔§ ՠ
远§ ㉀ §軨
ՠ
﹔§ ՠ
§軨
뜘ՠ
ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔î§  远§ 뜘﹔ ㉀§ ﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§

뜘﹔ ㉀ö§沤㉀î§§﹔䜜軨﹔远§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀 ㉀§ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔䜜軨ՠ﹔蓨§ՠ

﹔§ՠ
§諀 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§ՠ
§﹔ ⦸﹔﹔
§

Ø
﹔§軨㉀远﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ§ ㉀﹔
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§
㉀§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ՠ§⦸㉀뜘ՠՠ﹔§ 远軨蓨ö§㰬 ﹔§
⦸㉀뜘뜘ՠ
§㉀﹔§Ŷ
远 ö§

Ø ﹔ՠ

§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

远§蓨§ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§諀§﹔﹔
§﹔⦸§ՠ㴴
§
§Ŷ
远 î§ ﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔﹔§远§
⦸㉀
ՠ远
§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远î§ ﹔﹔§远§ՠ§㉀远远蓨§㉀ §⦸㉀
軨远㉀
ö§

Ø
﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔î§諀 ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 î§远㉀远§ ﹔§⦸㉀

軨蓨§ՠ
§ 軨﹔
⦸蓨§㉀ §

㉀§⦸㉀﹔远㉀
﹔
⦸﹔§﹔諀﹔﹔
§ ㉀軨 §ՠ
§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
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ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
远§뜘ՠ蓨§远㉀§ ﹔§Ŷ
远 §ՠ뜘㉀远 ﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ՠ远㉀ö§
§


ૼ
Რ







DR

WEST’S
NEW
METHOD




远§뜘﹔ ㉀§諀ՠ远§﹔㉀﹔§蓨§Űö§佨⦸ ՠ﹔§㰬﹔远î§諀 ㉀§ՠ軨 §Ŷ
远 §
§ⵔ
ՠ§ ㉀§ՠ§
軨뜘﹔§
㉀ §蓨﹔ՠ远§ՠ
§諀ՠ远§諀﹔ðՠ諀ՠ﹔§㉀ § ﹔§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§远軨ՠ㉀
§
§ⵔ
ՠö§﹔§ ㉀軨
§ ՠ§
㉀§ ⵔ
ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ㉀ § Ŷ
远 î§ ﹔ՠ

§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ Ŷ
远 § 諀ՠ远§ ﹔ՠ远﹔§  ՠ
§ 远﹔ՠ㴴
§ ö§ ﹔§
﹔⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔
﹔§ՠ
§﹔뜘 ՠ远远§㉀
§﹔ՠ
§
㉀§㉀
蓨§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§§ՠ远§ ﹔§뜘㉀远§軨远﹔ 軨§远㴴§㉀§
ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ 
§ ՠ§ ㉀﹔
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 軨§ՠ远㉀ö§﹔§㉀軨⦸﹔§ ՠ§远§㉀ §nĀĀĀ§ 뜘㉀远§ ﹔䜜軨﹔
蓨§軨远﹔§ 諀㉀远§
㉀뜘§ՠ§远§㉀ §﹔
§뜘㉀
§諀㉀远ö§
﹔§㉀远§远§⦸ՠ﹔§◤沤§×◤﹔
﹔ՠ§沤﹔⦸﹔§远ݧ㉀ §Ŷ
远 §諀㉀远ö§
﹔§ 軨 ﹔§ ﹔§  远§ 远§ 
㉀§ 远 § ﹔﹔远§ ՠ
§ ﹔﹔㉀﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀㉀㴴远§ ⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔諀§ 佨﹔ ㉀§
﹔ՠ﹔远ö§
§

ĴЧ
§
FEATURES



Ø
﹔§㉀远远蓨§㉀ §﹔远
§﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§远﹔⦸ ⦸§軨㉀远﹔远î§

Ø
﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§⦸㉀
㉀§㉀§远﹔⦸㉀
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远§㉀ §﹔﹔§

§ 远§⦸ՠ远﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
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Ø
﹔§⦸﹔ՠ㉀
§㉀ §ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔远ö§
ՠ
§㉀ §﹔ 远ö§

Ø
﹔§
㉀軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§㉀ §ՠ§﹔ՠ
§㉀§ ﹔§ ㉀﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘.
§
ૼ
Რૼ






TOTAL
PHYSICAL
RESPONSE




㉀ՠ§ 蓨远⦸ՠ§﹔远㉀
远﹔§×
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§
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
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远§ ㉀ §軨
﹔远ՠ

§ 뜘﹔远远ՠ﹔远§ 
§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔
§﹔ՠ
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軨ՠ﹔§
軨ö§
§
ⵔ
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㉀§ ㉀⦸﹔§ ㉀§ 远﹔ՠ㴴ö§ⵔ
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
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軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
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䜜軨﹔远ö§ ⵔ§ 远§ ㉀軨ՠ§諀 § ﹔

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뜘﹔§ 
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軨ՠ﹔§  ㉀軨 § ﹔ ㉀远軨﹔§ ㉀§ 远㉀㴴﹔
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LIMITATIONS

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
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§ §

ૼ
Რ









SUGGESTOPEDIA



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ĴĜ§
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FEATURES

Ø ﹔ՠ
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§远§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§
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§ ՠ㉀軨远§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§

Ø
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§
ADVANTAGES

ü 沤軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔§﹔
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LIMITATIONS

§
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§
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THE
PEDAGOGY
OF
COMPREHENSIBLE
INPUT

§
䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§ ՠ远§﹔
§軨远§ՠ§諀㉀
﹔ 軨§⦸㉀
⦸﹔姧ⵔ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
î§ ﹔§㉀
蓨§ 
§ ՠ§
諀㉀㴴远î§  ﹔§ ㉀
蓨§  
§  ՠ§ ⦸㉀軨
远§ 远§ 
§ ﹔㉀﹔§ 뜘﹔远远ՠ﹔远§  ﹔蓨§軨
﹔远ՠ
ö§
远§ 远§ 諀 ՠ§ 远§
㉀ՠ蓨§ 㴴
㉀諀
§ ՠ远§ 
§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨ö§ §
远§ ⦸㉀
⦸﹔§ ՠ远§ ﹔뜘﹔
㉀軨远§ 뜘⦸ՠ㉀
远§ 
§
远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ㉀蓨ö§ ㉀諀§㉀§ 諀﹔§ ﹔
远軨﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远蓨§㉀ § ﹔§ 
軨Œ§
﹔§ ՠ
远諀﹔§㉀§
 远§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
§ ⦸軨⦸ՠ蓨§ ﹔﹔
远§ 軨㉀
§ ㉀諀§ 諀﹔§ 
﹔﹔§  ﹔§ 諀㉀远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§ ՠ
§
軨
﹔远ՠ

ö§
ⵔ
§ 䇼ՠ远 ﹔
远§ 諀㉀远§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ﹔䜜軨﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨§ 
§  ﹔§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨§ ﹔ ﹔远§ ㉀§ 軨远
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 諀 ⦸ § ⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸ՠՠ﹔§ ㉀ §軨
﹔远ՠ

î§
ՠ
§ ՠ§  ﹔§ 远ՠ뜘﹔§ 뜘﹔§ ㉀远§ ⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔뜘ö§ Ş
§ 뜘㉀ՠ
§ ՠ§ ㉀ § 뜘ՠ㴴
§  远§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 远§ ㉀
§ § 
§
ՠ軨ՠî§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ 远軨ՠ㉀
远§  ՠ§ ՠ﹔§ 뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ ㉀§
⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ
§  远§ 諀§ ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ 
§ 뜘﹔﹔
§  ﹔§ ⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔ö§ ㉀§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔î§ §⦸ ﹔
§ 
§ 蓨㉀軨§
⦸ՠ远远§㴴
㉀諀§远㉀뜘﹔§諀㉀远§
§Ŷ
远 § ﹔
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨§뜘 §뜘﹔ՠ
§軨远
§ ﹔远﹔§諀㉀远§
§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§  ՠ§ ՠ﹔§ 뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ ㉀§  ﹔뜘ö§ ާ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ 
远軨⦸㉀
远§ 㴴﹔§ ð§ 軨§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸㴴ð
㉀ՠî§⦸㴴§軨§ ﹔§﹔
⦸î§﹔ՠ§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§⦸ ՠ§﹔⦸öî§㉀§⦸ ﹔
§諀 ﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ §ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
ՠ⦸㉀
远ú§﹔뜘㉀
远ՠ㉀
§ 諀§ ﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ § 
§ 軨
§뜘﹔ՠ

§ՠ㉀軨
§ 諀㉀远§㴴﹔§ՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠî§
﹔
⦸§ՠ
§⦸ ՠ§远 ﹔§ՠ﹔ՠ蓨§㴴
㉀諀远ö§
軨远î§ ﹔﹔§  ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀﹔远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨§
§
 ﹔§ ㉀뜘§㉀ §
远軨⦸㉀
远§諀 ⦸ §⦸㉀
ՠ
§諀㉀远§ ՠ§ՠ§⦸ §远§ ՠ뜘ՠ§諀 §ՠ
§ՠ§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§뜘﹔§ ﹔§
⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔§㉀ §軨
﹔远ՠ

§ ﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
§⦸ՠ
§﹔§뜘﹔§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ §
§諀 ⦸ §§远§﹔
§
﹔
ö§
ӄ
㴴﹔§ՠ㉀
ՠ§远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀 ⦸ §﹔䜜軨﹔§ ﹔§⦸ §㉀§﹔ՠ
§
 ﹔§ 远軨⦸軨﹔úՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ 軨﹔远§ 远§ ՠ
§  ﹔
§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔§  ﹔뜘§ ՠ远§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
î§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§﹔䜜軨﹔远§㉀
§ ㉀뜘§뜘﹔ՠ

§㉀§远軨⦸軨﹔ö§
§
䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§ ⦸﹔ՠ蓨§ 远ՠ﹔远§  ՠ§ 远﹔ՠ㴴
§ 軨﹔
⦸蓨§ ⦸ՠ

㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ軨 § ﹔⦸蓨ö§ ՠ ﹔§ î§

﹔뜘﹔﹔远§ ㉀﹔§ 뜘﹔î§ ㉀
§ 远§ ㉀諀
ö§
﹔§ ﹔远§ 諀ՠ蓨î§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ՠ远§  ﹔§ ㉀
蓨§ 諀ՠ蓨î§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § 远﹔ՠ㴴
î§
ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ 远§﹔諀î§远§远뜘蓨§㉀§㉀﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨ö§Ŷՠ蓨§远﹔﹔⦸ §諀§⦸㉀뜘﹔§諀 ﹔
§
 ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ﹔﹔远§풴﹔ՠ蓨›§ 远§远ՠ﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ
﹔远远§ՠ﹔远§ՠ§远㉀뜘﹔諀 ՠ§ ﹔﹔
§뜘﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔﹔
§
﹔㉀﹔î§ ㉀諀﹔﹔ö§ Ŷՠ蓨§ 远﹔﹔⦸ î§ 뜘㉀﹔㉀﹔î§ 远§ 蓨⦸ՠ蓨§
㉀§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨§ ՠ⦸⦸軨ՠ﹔ö§ Ş⦸⦸軨ՠ⦸蓨§
﹔﹔㉀远§㉀﹔§뜘﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ﹔ՠ远§ՠ
§軨
﹔远ՠ
远§뜘㉀﹔§
軨ö§
§
Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨§㉀﹔远
§뜘﹔ՠ
§ ՠ§ ﹔§
軨§⦸㉀
ՠ
远§諀㉀远§ՠ
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ§ ﹔§
⦸ § ՠ远§ՠ﹔ՠ蓨§㴴
㉀諀
î§軨§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔諀§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§諀 § ﹔§㴴
㉀諀
§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远ö§
沤軨﹔
远§軨远﹔§ ﹔§㴴
㉀諀
§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
§
﹔諀§
軨远⦸§﹔ՠ远§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§

軨ö§
§
ૼ
Რ皤








SECOND
LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION
SLA傈



Ş⦸䜜軨
§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§ ⦸ ՠ﹔

§ ՠ远§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ﹔ ﹔§ ㉀§
㉀§ ﹔
⦸㉀軨
﹔§  ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ§ՠ§
§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘﹔§﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§㉀§㉀§远㉀§㉀§ՠ§뜘﹔§﹔ ﹔
ö§Ū ﹔
§ՠ远㉀§﹔§㉀
蓨§ ﹔諀§
㉀軨远§ ㉀ § ﹔ ㉀远軨﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 軨
§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀§ 뜘﹔§ ՠ
§ 뜘㉀﹔§ ㉀ ﹔
§  ՠ
§
㉀§ ㉀§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§ 㴴﹔§ Ŷ
远 §  远§ ﹔ ㉀远軨﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§
㉀§﹔§ ㉀远远﹔§ ՠ§ ՠ§ ՠ远§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ﹔远﹔ §뜘ՠ蓨§
㉀§
㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ⵔ
§ 远§远﹔⦸㉀
§ 諀﹔§諀§远⦸軨远远§諀 ﹔ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§⦸ՠ
§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ﹔§远﹔⦸㉀
§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远 §㴴﹔ § ﹔ § 远ö §ⵔ
§㉀
 §远㉀î §諀﹔ §諀 §远⦸軨远远 § ﹔ §ՠ㉀軨远 § ՠ⦸㉀远 § ՠ §ՠ ﹔⦸ § ﹔ §
ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀ §远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§§

ĴĨ§
§
 §
﹔远§远⦸軨远远§沤ާ ﹔㉀﹔远§㉀㉀远﹔§蓨§沤﹔ ﹔
§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
î§沤﹔﹔
§
㴴﹔î§ՠ
§Ū㉀㉀㴴§
ՠ
§﹔§蓨㉀远㴴蓨ö§


ૼ
Რ







STEPHEN
KRASHEN’S
THEORY
NATURAL
APPROACH傈



沤﹔ ﹔
§ 䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§ 远§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀ § 
軨远⦸远î§ 远﹔⦸ՠ
§ 
§  ﹔§  ﹔㉀﹔远§ ㉀ §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ՠ
§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ö§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
远§ ﹔㉀蓨§㉀ §远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§⦸㉀
远远远§
㉀ § ﹔§뜘ՠ
§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远﹔远ö§
§
The
acquisition
learning
hypothesis

§

﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 諀㉀§ 
﹔﹔
﹔
§ 远蓨远﹔뜘远§ ㉀ § 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ §  ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ 远蓨远﹔뜘§ ՠ
§  ﹔§
﹔ՠ
﹔§ 远蓨远﹔뜘ö§ Ş⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ ﹔ ﹔远§ ㉀§ ՠ§
㉀
§ ⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§  ՠ§ 
㉀﹔远§
ՠ軨ՠ远⦸§
﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§ ㉀軨 §軨
﹔远ՠ

§ՠ
§軨远
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
§ 뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§
⦸㉀
﹔ 远ö§ ﹔ՠ

§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ㉀ ﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ﹔远§ ㉀§ ՠ§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ 
§ 諀 ⦸ § ⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§ 軨﹔远§ ՠ㉀軨§ ՠ§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔§﹔﹔㉀﹔ö§
远§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远§뜘ՠ
蓨§﹔뜘 ՠ远﹔远§ ՠ§⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远蓨§ՠ
﹔§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§
㉀ §軨﹔远§㉀﹔远§
㉀§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§
§
Monitor
hypothesis




﹔§ 뜘㉀
㉀§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远§ ﹔ ՠ
远§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ㉀
远 § ﹔諀﹔﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔§
뜘㉀
㉀
§ 軨
⦸㉀
§远§ ﹔§ՠ⦸⦸ՠ§﹔远軨§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§Ū㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§﹔ՠ

§ 軨
⦸㉀
远§
㉀
蓨§ՠ远§ՠ§뜘㉀
㉀§㉀§﹔㉀§ ՠ§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴远§ՠ
§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔§㉀軨軨§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ 远蓨远﹔뜘ö§
﹔﹔§远§

軨ՠ§ՠՠ㉀
§ՠ뜘㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§諀 §﹔ՠ§㉀§뜘㉀
㉀§軨远﹔ö§䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§远
軨远 ﹔远§
 ㉀远﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§諀 ㉀§軨远﹔§뜘㉀
㉀§ՠ§뜘﹔§×㉀﹔§軨远﹔远Ýî§ ㉀远﹔§諀 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§﹔ՠ
﹔§㉀§諀 ㉀§﹔ ﹔§

㉀§ ㉀§ 軨远﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀

远⦸㉀軨远§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ×軨
﹔ð軨远﹔远Ýî§ ՠ
§  ㉀远﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§  ՠ§ 軨远﹔§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀
㉀§
ՠ㉀ՠ﹔蓨§×㉀㉀
ՠ§軨远﹔远Ýö§


The
natural
order
hypothesis




远§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远§远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§远軨⦸軨﹔远ö§
﹔远﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§
远軨⦸軨﹔远§ ㉀㉀諀§ ՠ§ 
ՠ軨ՠ§ ㉀﹔§ 諀 ⦸ § 远§ ﹔⦸ՠ﹔ö§ 沤㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ 远軨⦸軨﹔远§ ﹔
§ ㉀§ ﹔§
ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§﹔ՠ蓨§諀 ﹔§㉀ ﹔远§ՠ﹔ö§
远§㉀﹔§远﹔﹔뜘﹔§㉀§﹔§
﹔﹔
﹔
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ﹔î§ 远§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀軨
î§ ﹔⦸ö§
﹔§ ﹔㉀远§ ՠ﹔§ 远
远§ ㉀ § ՠ§
ՠ軨ՠ远⦸§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ՠ§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ㉀ §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§
§
The
input
hypothesis




远§ 蓨㉀ ﹔远远§远ՠ﹔远§ ㉀諀§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔远§ ՠ§远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ⵔ§远§ ⦸㉀
⦸﹔
﹔§諀 §
ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§
㉀§﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§㉀﹔远远﹔远§ՠ㉀
§ ﹔§
ՠ軨ՠ§㉀﹔§諀 ﹔
§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§﹔⦸﹔﹔远§ՠ§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
軨§§ ՠ§远§㉀
﹔§远﹔§﹔蓨㉀
§ ﹔ú 远§⦸軨﹔
§远ՠ﹔§㉀ §
軨远⦸§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§Ŷ§§Ş§
﹔ՠ
﹔§远§
§ ﹔§﹔﹔§㉀ §§远ՠ﹔ö§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨远§ՠ﹔§﹔
§
§㉀﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔§èĆö§
ާ  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§ 
§  ﹔§ 远ՠ뜘﹔§ ﹔﹔§㉀ §
軨远⦸§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§ ﹔
⦸﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§
﹔
远軨﹔§  ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § ⦸ § ﹔⦸﹔﹔远§ ՠ
§ 
軨§  ՠ§ 远§ ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ 远ú ﹔§ ⦸軨﹔
§ 远ՠ﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§

ĴĮ§
§

軨远⦸§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§ Ş蓨§ ㉀§ 远﹔ՠ㴴§ 軨﹔
蓨§ ⦸ՠ

㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ軨 § ﹔⦸蓨î§ 軨§ ﹔뜘﹔﹔远§


﹔﹔
﹔
蓨§
§뜘﹔§諀 ﹔
§ ﹔§⦸ §軨远§軨§ՠ§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§
§
Affective
filter
hypothesis



䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§远 ㉀諀远§ ﹔§﹔諀§ ՠ§ՠ§
軨뜘﹔§㉀ §ՠ ﹔⦸﹔§ՠՠ﹔远§ՠ蓨§ՠ§㉀﹔§
§远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§
﹔远﹔§ՠՠ﹔远§
⦸軨﹔§뜘㉀ՠ㉀
î§远﹔ §﹔远﹔﹔뜘î§ՠ
﹔蓨§﹔⦸ö§ՠ⦸㴴§㉀ §뜘㉀ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§
远﹔ §﹔远﹔﹔뜘î§㉀§ՠ
﹔蓨§뜘ՠ蓨§ ㉀뜘§ՠ§뜘﹔
ՠ§㉀⦸㴴§ ՠ§﹔﹔
远§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨远§ ㉀뜘§﹔
§
軨远﹔§ ㉀§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ㴴§⦸ՠ
§뜘﹔﹔§ ﹔§﹔䜜軨﹔뜘﹔
远§ ㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
軨§諀 §
 ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§蓨§⦸ ՠ

§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§远軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ 諀 § ՠ§ ㉀諀§ ՠ ﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§ ՠ远§  ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔⦸﹔﹔§
뜘㉀﹔î§
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 §§諀 §﹔ՠ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ
§ 軨远§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§  ﹔§﹔﹔﹔§㉀ §﹔⦸﹔蓨§㉀§ ﹔§

軨ö§Ş§㉀諀ð§远﹔远远§﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§远§ 軨远§ՠ§㉀﹔
ՠ蓨§⦸ ﹔§远㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§
§
ૼ
Რ뜀






STEVEN
PINKER



Ū ﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 䜜軨⦸㴴蓨î§ ﹔ՠ远蓨î§ ՠ
§ 諀 ㉀軨§ ﹔ ㉀§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§ ⵔ§
ՠ﹔
远§ՠ軨㉀뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨î§諀 ﹔ ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ﹔
远§蓨§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔뜘§㉀§
㉀ö§§Ş ㉀軨 §ՠ﹔
远§㉀§㉀ ﹔§
⦸ՠ﹔ՠ㴴﹔远§ ㉀
ѧ ﹔ՠ⦸ §  ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀§ 远﹔ՠ㴴î§  ﹔蓨§㉀§ ﹔ ㉀뜘§ ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ
§ ㉀﹔§ 蓨§ ՠ㴴
§ ㉀§
 ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
ö§ Ū ﹔
§ 諀 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§
﹔﹔§ 远㉀㴴﹔
§ 諀§
㉀§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ Ş
§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
뜘軨远§﹔§軨远﹔§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ›§ ㉀§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔î§ՠ§⦸ §諀 ㉀§﹔軨ՠ蓨§ ﹔ՠ远§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀
§
 ﹔§
§㉀§ՠ㉀§軨§
㉀諀 ﹔﹔§﹔远﹔§諀§
㉀§﹔ՠ
§㉀§ՠ㴴ö§§
§
Ū ﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§  ㉀軨 § 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ ꧀§
㉀§㉀
蓨§ 諀 §  ﹔§ՠ﹔
远§ ՠ
§ ㉀ ﹔§
ՠ軨远î§ 軨§ ՠ远㉀§ 諀 § ㉀ ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
ö§ ާ
㉀뜘ՠ§ ⦸ ﹔
§ 諀 ㉀§ ㉀諀§ 軨§ 
§
㉀뜘ՠ§ ㉀軨远﹔ ㉀远î§
远軨㉀軨
﹔§蓨§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
î§諀§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ§远§﹔
§軨远﹔§ՠ㉀軨
§ ﹔뜘ö§§Ş
§§远§
軨远§ՠ远§﹔ՠ远蓨§ ㉀§ՠ§⦸ § ㉀§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§諀㉀§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远§ՠ§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§뜘﹔î§ՠ远§㉀
§ՠ远§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
﹔軨ՠ蓨§ 
﹔ՠ⦸
§ 諀 § 远﹔ՠ㴴﹔远§ ㉀ §  ㉀远﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远ö§
﹔§ 远﹔⦸ՠ§ 諀ՠ蓨§ 
§ 諀 ⦸ § 뜘ՠ
蓨§ ՠ軨远§
远﹔ՠ㴴§㉀§ 远뜘ՠ§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔远§  ﹔뜘§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ § 沤軨﹔远§ 远 ㉀諀§ ՠ§  ﹔§ Ñՠ蓨§ՠ㴴ѧ
 ՠ§ՠ軨远§
ՠ軨ՠ蓨§軨远﹔§諀 §
ՠ
远§ՠ
§㉀﹔远§﹔
远§㉀§ՠ諀ՠ蓨远§﹔§軨远§ՠ§§ՠ ﹔ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§﹔﹔§
㉀ § ﹔§⦸ Ñ远§㉀諀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
î§ՠ远§ ㉀軨 §軨
§ ﹔§⦸ §ՠ㉀
ö§§
远§Ñՠ蓨§ՠ㴴ѧ ՠ远§
远뜘﹔§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ՠ
§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ 远軨⦸軨﹔§  ՠ
§ ՠ軨§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§ ﹔ ՠ﹔ՠ﹔§ 
㉀
ՠ㉀
§ ՠ
§
远㉀軨
远î§ՠ
§㉀远§㉀ §﹔﹔㉀
§ՠ
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§§Ş§㉀ § ﹔远﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§ ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ §㉀§远㉀§㉀軨§ ﹔§
뜘﹔ՠ

远î§远㉀軨
远î§ՠ
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ﹔
远§㉀ § 远§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
§

﹔﹔§远§
㉀§㉀
﹔§㉀
§ՠ§諀 ⦸ §ՠ§⦸ §﹔ՠ
远§㉀§ՠ㴴ö§§Ť蓨§ ﹔§뜘﹔§ ﹔§⦸ § 远§軨﹔远§ՠ§
远
﹔§ 뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ 諀㉀î§ ﹔§ ㉀§ 远 ﹔§ ՠ远§ ՠ﹔ՠ蓨§ 远﹔
§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 뜘㉀
 远§ ՠ蓨
§ ՠ㉀軨
§ 諀 §  ﹔§
远㉀軨
远§ ՠ
§ 
㉀
ՠ㉀
远§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀

﹔⦸
§ 諀㉀远§ 諀 § 뜘﹔ՠ

远ö§ Ū ﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
§远ՠ﹔远î§ՠ
§ ﹔﹔
§⦸ ﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔§ՠ㉀軨远§远ՠ﹔远§ՠ§ ﹔﹔
§뜘﹔远ö§
﹔§㉀﹔§
§
諀 ⦸ § ﹔远﹔§远ՠ﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔î§ ㉀諀﹔﹔î§远§軨ՠ蓨§ՠ諀ՠ蓨远§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔ö§
§

﹔§ 远§远㉀軨
远§ՠ§ՠ蓨§뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远㉀軨
远§㉀ §⦸蓨
ö§
﹔
î§ՠ㉀軨
§远 §諀﹔﹔㴴远§㉀ §ՠ﹔î§
 ﹔§ՠ蓨§諀§﹔
§뜘ՠ㴴
§㉀諀﹔§远㉀軨
远î§远ՠ
§諀 §ՠՠ î§﹔﹔î§ՠ
§㉀㉀ ö§§Ş§ՠ㉀軨§远 §뜘㉀
 远î§
 ﹔§ՠ蓨§远ՠ远§㉀§㉀軨⦸﹔§远
远§㉀ §⦸㉀
远㉀
ՠ
ð㉀諀﹔§ՠ远§㴴﹔§㉀㉀§ ՠ
§ՠö§§ⵔ
§  远§远ՠ﹔î§ ﹔§
⦸ §远§ՠ蓨
§ՠ㉀軨
§諀 § ﹔§远㉀軨
远§㉀ §远﹔﹔⦸ §ՠ
§远㉀
§㉀軨§ ﹔§远㉀軨
远§ ՠ§ՠ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
§
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴
§諀㉀远§
§ 远§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§远㉀軨
远§ ՠ§ՠ﹔
Ñö§§佨ՠ
蓨§ՠ﹔
远§ ﹔ՠ§ՠ§⦸ §

ĴĴ§
§

§ 远§远ՠ﹔§㉀軨⦸﹔§ՠ§⦸㉀뜘
ՠ㉀
§ 㴴﹔§³뜘ՠ뜘ՠ³§㉀§³ՠՠ³§ՠ
§﹔ ⦸﹔蓨§﹔⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔§⦸ §
ՠ远§軨﹔﹔§ 远§㉀§ ﹔§ 远§諀㉀î§﹔﹔
§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§⦸ §㉀ՠ蓨§
ѧՠՠ⦸ §ՠ
蓨§뜘﹔ՠ

§㉀§ ﹔§
Ñ諀㉀Ñö§§
§
沤㉀뜘﹔諀 ﹔﹔§ՠ㉀軨
§ՠ﹔§㉀
﹔§㉀§㉀
﹔§ՠ
§ՠ§ ՠ §蓨﹔ՠ远î§ ﹔§⦸ §諀§ՠ⦸軨ՠ蓨§﹔
§㉀§軨﹔§
远
﹔§諀㉀远§諀 §뜘﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔远﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ諀ՠ蓨远§Ñ⦸㉀
﹔
ѧ諀㉀远§㴴﹔§ՠ﹔î§⦸㉀㉀㴴﹔î§㉀﹔î§軨
î§ՠ
§
远﹔﹔§꧀§
﹔﹔§Ñ 軨
⦸㉀
ѧ諀㉀远§㴴﹔§ՠ
î§ ﹔î§ՠ
§㉀ ö§§Ş㉀軨
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀ §諀㉀î§ ﹔§⦸ §諀§﹔
§
軨
§諀㉀§諀㉀远§㉀﹔ ﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§Ñ远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ѧ㴴﹔§㉀﹔§軨
ö§§Ş§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀
î§ ﹔§⦸ §뜘ՠ蓨§
㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀
﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ§ՠ⦸㴴§ 軨
⦸㉀
§諀㉀远î§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§§㉀﹔§軨
§ ՠ远ö§§Ş§ 远§㉀
§ՠ§
 ՠÑ远§﹔ §㉀§ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ 軨
⦸㉀
§諀㉀远î§远㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔﹔
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ ㉀뜘远§×㴴﹔§ ﹔§ՠ远远﹔Ýî§ՠ
§ ﹔§
뜘㉀﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔ §远㉀軨
§⦸㉀뜘
ՠ㉀
远§×㴴﹔§远Ýö§§§Ť蓨§ ﹔§뜘﹔§ ﹔§⦸ §﹔
﹔远§㴴
﹔ՠ﹔
î§ ﹔§㉀§
远 ﹔§諀§ ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ﹔§ՠ远§뜘ՠ㉀蓨§㉀ § ﹔§軨﹔远§ՠ
§远㉀軨
远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§Ş ﹔§ 远î§Ñ远§
軨远§ՠ§뜘ՠ﹔§㉀ §⦸㉀뜘

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§ՠ
§
﹔諀§諀㉀远§㉀§ 远§
㉀§ ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
ૼ








VIVIAN
COOK

ⵔ
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§ ĆĴĮĀ远§ ㉀ ﹔远远㉀§ՠ
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î§nĀĀnö§



﹔§뜘軨ð⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§﹔諀㉀
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軨远﹔ö§§Ū㉀㉀㴴§ՠ軨﹔远§ ՠ§ՠ


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㉀§远㉀§﹔ՠ
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軨ՠ﹔远§ ⦸ՠ
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§ 远軨ՠ﹔§
諀ՠ蓨远ö§
§
ૼ

Რ





LEV
VYGOTSKY’S
THEORY
OF
SECOND
LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION



沤﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ Ş⦸䜜軨远㉀
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﹔远§ 軨
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ĆĀĀ§
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풴children's thinking and meaning-making is socially constructed and emerges out of their social
interactions with their environmentö§
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§
ૼ











COGNITIVIST
AND
CONSTRUCTIVIST
APPROACHES
TO
S
L
A



ૼ



Რ





COGNITIVE
THEORY
OF
LANGUAGE
LEARNING

Ū㉀
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﹔远§ ﹔ՠ

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ૼ









CONSTRUCTIVIST
VIEW
OF
LANGUAGE
LEARNING



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§㉀ §뜘軨﹔§﹔諀远§ՠ
§⦸ ՠ

§ ﹔§
﹔
ՠ§
﹔﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ ﹔
ՠ§﹔ՠ蓨ö§


ૼ



ૼ






SOCIAL
CONSTRUCTIVISM



沤㉀⦸ՠ§ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸远뜘§ 远§ ՠ§
﹔諀§ ㉀뜘§ ㉀ § ⦸㉀
远軨⦸远뜘§ 远軨﹔远
§  ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ 远§
⦸㉀
远軨⦸§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ 
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﹔ § ՠ
§  ﹔
§  ﹔蓨§ 
軨ՠ蓨§ 
﹔
ՠ﹔§ ö§ ⵔ
§ ՠ§ 远㉀⦸ՠ§
⦸㉀
远軨⦸远§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀
軨⦸远§ ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ⦸﹔远§  ՠ§ ㉀⦸軨远§ ㉀
§
㉀軨§ 远 ՠ
î§ 뜘㉀ՠ﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ㉀§ 諀㉀㴴§ 
軨ՠ蓨§ ՠ
§ 
§ ⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
ö§ 沤 ﹔§ ﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔远§
ՠ远远﹔远远
§ ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远§ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔﹔远§
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§㉀§ ﹔§㉀諀
§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
ö§
§
沤㉀⦸ՠ§⦸㉀
远軨⦸远뜘§뜘﹔远§諀㉀㴴
§㉀﹔ ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀
远軨⦸§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§远㉀⦸ՠ§

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﹔§ ﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
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⦸﹔
§ 远§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ 뜘⦸ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §  远§
ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §㉀
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§ՠ
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
ö§
﹔§远ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §远㉀⦸ՠ§⦸㉀
远軨⦸远뜘§远§㉀軨§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
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§
⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

ö§
远§ 远ՠ﹔蓨§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔远§ 远軨﹔
远§ ㉀㉀軨
﹔远§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ nĆ远§ ⦸﹔
軨蓨§
远㴴远§
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î§⦸⦸ՠ§ 
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§ՠ
§軨远﹔§㉀ §﹔﹔ՠ
§﹔⦸
㉀㉀﹔远ö§§§§§§§§

﹔§ ﹔ՠ
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远軨⦸§  ﹔§ ㉀諀
§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§ ﹔⦸﹔﹔§  ﹔§ 
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§
ՠ
远뜘﹔§ 蓨§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§ Ť㉀ՠ蓨§ § 뜘﹔ՠ
远§ 
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§ ⦸ՠ

㉀§ ﹔§ 뜘﹔﹔蓨§﹔㉀远﹔§ 

㉀§  ﹔§
﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ﹔ՠ§軨§§뜘軨远§﹔§远⦸㉀﹔﹔§ ㉀軨 §﹔﹔
§ՠ
§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§ 
㴴
ö§

Ø ﹔ՠ

§﹔远軨远§ ㉀뜘§﹔ ㉀ՠ㉀
§ ՠ
§远⦸㉀﹔蓨ö§Ş⦸﹔§﹔ ㉀ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§
﹔諀§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§
§ §

ՠ
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
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远軨⦸㉀
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㉀諀﹔﹔§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§î§﹔远軨远§

§﹔ՠ

ö§

ĆĀЧ
§
 Ø ﹔ՠ

§远§ՠ§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
蓨§ՠ⦸蓨ö§ⵔ§远§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§蓨§远 ՠ﹔§﹔
䜜軨蓨ö§﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸§㉀
§ՠ
§
远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§
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§远§⦸㉀

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Ø ⵔ § ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔远§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§㉀㉀뜘§ՠ﹔§远远軨﹔远§ՠ
§㉀﹔뜘远§ ՠ§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§﹔
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§ ﹔§
ՠ
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§远§⦸軨⦸ՠ§
§远㉀⦸ՠ§⦸㉀
远軨⦸远뜘ö§

﹔ՠ§諀㉀î§ ﹔
§﹔ՠ

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
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§
沤軨﹔
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§ ՠ
§ ՠ
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§ 
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§远㴴远§﹔﹔㉀§﹔ՠ蓨§
§  ﹔§远軨﹔
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ՠ
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﹔远ՠ

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﹔軨ՠ㉀
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 ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ §  远§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ö§ ⵔ

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ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
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§

蓨§ՠ
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§ ㉀ §㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔ö§佨ՠ
ՠ

§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀ՠ㉀
§ ﹔﹔§ ㉀ §ՠ§ 远軨﹔
远§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远§
㉀㉀뜘远§ 远§ ՠ§ ﹔㉀軨远§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§ ㉀諀§ ㉀ ⦸﹔
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§ ﹔
§ ﹔
㉀軨 §
㉀㉀軨
蓨§ ㉀§远 ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§


ૼ









CONSTRUCTIVIST
CLASSROOM

§
ާ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸远§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ㉀远﹔远§ ⦸⦸ՠ§  
㴴
î§ ﹔ 蓨î§ ⦸﹔ՠ蓨§ ՠ
§ ՠ⦸﹔§
﹔ՠ

ö§沤  §远§ ㉀뜘§ՠ§ՠ
远뜘远远㉀
§
远軨⦸㉀
ՠ§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§㉀§ՠ§⦸㉀
远軨⦸远§ՠ
§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ՠ§
뜘㉀﹔ö§
§
The
following
aspects
are
often
encouraged
and
integrated
into
the
classroom
setting
§

Ø  ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§远§⦸㉀뜘 ㉀ՠ﹔§ՠ
§
㉀
ð ﹔ՠ﹔

§
Ø  ﹔§⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§远§㉀
﹔§ ㉀軨 §﹔⦸㉀⦸ՠ§远軨﹔
ð㉀ð远軨﹔
§㉀§远軨﹔
ð㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
Ø ﹔뜘 ՠ远远§远§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远§蓨§ՠ⦸﹔蓨§﹔
ՠ
§
§ՠ⦸﹔远§
Ø ﹔ՠ⦸ §ՠ﹔뜘§ՠ§⦸㉀
远軨⦸远뜘§远§ՠ
§㉀㉀軨
蓨§ ㉀§湌§
ü ﹔ ﹔뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
§
ü 远㴴§
ü ⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔§

ૼ











THE
ROLE
OF
TEACHER
IN
THE
CONSTRUCTIVIST
CLASSROOM

Facilitator’s
role
§
﹔§㉀﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
§⦸㉀
远軨⦸远§ ㉀远㉀ 蓨§远§ՠՠ
§㉀§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ
﹔远§
﹔﹔远§ՠ
§﹔远§ ﹔뜘§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘§㉀§⦸㉀
远軨⦸§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远ö§Ŷՠ⦸ §﹔ՠ
﹔§
远§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§軨
䜜軨﹔§
軨ՠî§諀 §⦸軨軨ՠ§ՠ⦸㴴㉀軨
î§
軨ՠ§远㉀远㉀
î§ՠ
§㉀§
㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§
軨﹔
⦸
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘軨远§⦸㉀
远﹔§ՠ§ ﹔远﹔§ ՠ⦸㉀远î§ՠ
§ ﹔
§ՠ远远远§
 ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§
§軨远軨
§
﹔諀§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ՠ
§ՠ⦸
§諀 ՠ§ ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§
㉀§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ §㉀ §
 ﹔§㉀諀
§﹔远ö§
§

ĆĀĖ§
§
 §Scaffolding
§
﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ՠ蓨§ ՠ﹔
㉀
§ ㉀§ 諀㉀§ ՠ⦸軨ՠ§ ՠ⦸㉀远§ 
§ ՠ远远远
§
﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§ 远î§  ﹔蓨§ 远 ㉀軨§ ⦸㉀
远﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀
﹔§ ㉀ § ㉀ 뜘ՠ§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§ ՠ
§ ﹔§  ﹔§
﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔蓨§
﹔﹔§
§⦸㉀
远軨⦸
§
﹔諀§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ՠ
§뜘﹔ՠ

远ö§沤﹔⦸㉀
î§ ﹔蓨§远 ㉀軨§
ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§ 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀㉀﹔ՠ㉀
§ ﹔諀﹔﹔
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远î§ 远
⦸﹔§  ﹔§远㉀⦸ՠ§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ⦸軨軨ՠ§
⦸㉀
﹔ §㉀ §﹔ՠ

§远§﹔远远﹔
ՠ§
§⦸㉀
远軨⦸远§ ㉀远㉀ 蓨ö§
§
Modeling
§㰬 ﹔§뜘軨⦸ §㉀ §﹔ՠ

§远§远﹔ ð﹔⦸﹔î§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§ՠ§㉀§㉀ §諀㉀㴴§㉀§㉀ö§

﹔蓨§뜘軨远§﹔
远軨﹔§ ՠ§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸⦸﹔远远§㉀§远軨 ⦸﹔
蓨§⦸ ՠ﹔

§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§㉀§㉀諀î§軨§
㉀§
远㉀§ ⦸ ՠ﹔

§  ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀﹔﹔远远§ ՠ
§ ﹔§ 軨§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ 远﹔ ð﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔ ㉀远ö§
﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘軨远§﹔§ ﹔ ﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠՠ§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ 
軨ՠ§ 
﹔﹔远远§ ՠ
§
﹔﹔远ö§ Ş
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
뜘軨远§ ﹔
远軨﹔§  ՠ§  ﹔§ ﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§ 远§ ㉀远﹔§ ՠ
§ 远軨㉀﹔î§ 远㉀§  ՠ§ 远軨﹔
远§ 諀§ ﹔﹔§
﹔뜘㉀㉀
ՠ蓨§远﹔⦸軨﹔§ՠ
§ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔§ ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远§⦸㉀
﹔蓨ö§
§
Coaching
§
﹔§ ㉀﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§
§⦸㉀
远軨⦸远§ ㉀远㉀ 蓨§远§ ㉀§﹔
ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ 
﹔ՠ⦸§
諀 §  ﹔§ 諀㉀§ ՠ㉀軨
§  ﹔뜘î§ 諀 § ﹔﹔远î§ 諀 § ՠ軨 ㉀﹔远î§ ՠ
§ 諀 § ﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ՠ§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§

㉀軨 § ՠ⦸﹔§ ﹔
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§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
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ૼ










NATURE
AND
ROLE
OF
LEARNERS

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ૼ



皤










DIFFERENT
KINDS
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ĆĀĜ§
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VISUAL
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AUDITORY
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ĆĀĢ§
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TACTILE
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KINESTHETIC
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﹔諀§
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§

ĆĀĨ§
§
 §
ૼ












NATURE
OF
YOUNG
LEARNERS
AND
BEGINNERS§

ᴐ㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远⦸远§諀 ⦸ §远
軨远 § ﹔뜘§ ㉀뜘§﹔﹔
ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ軨远ö§
§§
ᴐ㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远姧

Ø ՠ﹔§ՠ§远 ㉀§ՠ﹔
㉀
§远ՠ
ö§§
§

Ø ՠ﹔§﹔蓨§ՠ⦸﹔§×㴴
﹔远 ﹔⦸Ýö§§
Ø ՠ﹔§﹔㉀⦸﹔
⦸ö§§
Ø ㉀﹔§ՠ远﹔§ՠ
§﹔諀ՠö§§
Ø ՠ﹔§﹔远远§远 蓨§ ՠ
§㉀﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§§
Ø ﹔
㉀蓨§뜘ՠ
§ՠ
§ՠ﹔§远㴴 軨§
§远﹔

§ՠ⦸⦸軨ՠ﹔蓨ö§§
Ø ﹔
㉀蓨§﹔ՠ

§ ㉀軨 §ՠ蓨
î§ՠ⦸
î§뜘ՠ㴴
§ՠ
§㉀
ö§
Ø ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ
ՠ﹔ö§§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ远§軨
远§
㉀§远﹔ՠՠ﹔§諀㉀远ö§§
Ø 
﹔﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

§諀 ㉀軨§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§軨
﹔远ՠ

§ ﹔§
軨ՠ§諀㉀ö§§
Ø ﹔ՠ
§
﹔⦸蓨§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§﹔⦸蓨ö§§
Ø ﹔﹔㉀§ 蓨远⦸ՠ蓨î§뜘﹔
ՠ蓨§ՠ
§⦸㉀
⦸﹔軨ՠ蓨ö§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀 ㉀§ ՠ
﹔§ ﹔§蓨㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ
§﹔

﹔远§ ՠ﹔§㉀§湌§

Ø 远﹔ՠ㴴§Ŷ
远 §
§⦸ՠ远远§ՠ§ ﹔§뜘﹔ö§§
Ø 㴴﹔﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§ՠ﹔
㉀
§蓨§ՠ远㴴
§ ﹔뜘§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§§
Ø ﹔ՠ⦸§ ㉀远﹔蓨§ ㉀§ 諀 ՠ§ ⦸ ﹔
§ 远ՠ蓨§ ﹔﹔
§  § 諀㉀远§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ ﹔⦸蓨§
㉀
㉀軨
⦸﹔ö§§
Ø ﹔﹔ՠ§
ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ﹔§諀㉀远ú ՠ远﹔远§远ՠ§﹔ՠ﹔ö§§
Ø ՠ§㉀§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§諀 ՠ§⦸ ﹔
§远ՠ蓨ö§§
Ø ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§軨
﹔远ՠ

§㉀ §
远軨⦸㉀
远§ՠ
§ՠ远㴴远§ ㉀軨 §軨远﹔§㉀ §Ćö§
Ø ﹔ՠ§﹔㉀远§ՠ⦸蓨ö§

ՠ

§ ﹔§ᴐ㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§Ūՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远§湌§

Ø 佨ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§远§㉀ §﹔﹔蓨ՠ蓨§

远軨⦸㉀
远ö§§
Ø 佨ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§远§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §ՠ⦸蓨§ՠ
§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§軨远﹔§§軨
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨ö§§
Ø ӄ远﹔§諀ՠ§⦸ ՠ远§㉀§㉀远﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔§ ՠ§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§Ŷ
远 ö§
Ø Ŷ
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§軨远﹔§Ŷ
远 § ㉀§㉀軨
﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔䜜軨﹔远远§蓨§ՠ远
§ՠ
蓨§﹔ ㉀§
 ﹔蓨§뜘ՠ㴴﹔ö§

ૼ



뜀







TEACHING
LARGE
CLASSES

㰬 ՠ§﹔ ՠ⦸蓨§㉀§諀﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

§蓨§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远Œ§㰬 ՠ§⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔远§㉀§ ﹔蓨§
î§ՠ
§ ㉀諀§⦸ՠ
§
諀﹔§﹔﹔㉀§㉀軨§㉀諀
§远㉀軨㉀
远§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §
§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§§
§

ĆĀĮ§
§

﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§﹔﹔
远§㉀
§ՠ㉀軨远§ ՠ⦸㉀远§軨§
§﹔
﹔ՠ§§远§뜘﹔§㉀§ ﹔§
ՠ㉀§㉀ §远軨﹔
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
﹔§远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ՠ﹔远§ ㉀뜘§⦸㉀軨
蓨§㉀§⦸㉀軨
蓨ö§ⵔ
§ ﹔§ӄö沤ö§㉀§
§
ӄö䇼ö§㉀§
§ՠ
蓨§﹔﹔㉀﹔§⦸㉀軨
蓨§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§远﹔§远§ՠ㉀軨
§nĀî§諀 ﹔﹔§ՠ远§
§ⵔ
ՠ
§远軨§⦸㉀

﹔
§§
远§ ՠ㉀軨
§ĖĀî§
§  ﹔§ Ş ⦸ՠ
§ ⦸㉀軨
﹔远§ § 뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ ՠ㉀軨
§ ĢĀ§ ㉀§뜘㉀﹔ö§ Şՠ§ ㉀뜘§ 远﹔§  ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§
㉀ ﹔§ ՠ⦸㉀远§㉀§﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§ ㉀§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ 蓨远⦸ՠ§远ՠ⦸﹔§ՠՠՠ﹔î§ՠ⦸⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀ՠ㉀
î§
ՠՠՠ蓨§㉀ §﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远î§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔⦸ö§§
§
Ū㉀뜘뜘㉀
§ ㉀﹔뜘远§ ՠ⦸﹔§ 蓨§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 
⦸軨
§ Ŷ
远 § ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 
§ ՠ

§ ՠ﹔§

Ø ⵔ
ՠ蓨§㉀§ ㉀㉀諀§㉀ §远軨﹔
ð⦸﹔
﹔﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ö§
Ūՠ远远﹔远ĺ§

Ø 뜘﹔§㉀㉀軨
蓨§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§﹔ ﹔远远§
§Ŷ
远 ö§
Ø ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§远軨﹔
远§远§
㉀§㉀远远﹔§
§ՠ§ՠ远㴴远ö§
Ø Ūՠ远远§뜘ՠ
ՠ﹔뜘﹔
§ՠ
§㉀ՠ
ՠ㉀
§
Ø ՠ

§㉀軨§諀㉀㴴§
Ø 佨ՠ
ՠ

§远⦸
﹔§ՠ
§⦸㉀
㉀§
Ø ⵔ
ՠ蓨§㉀§ 
§㉀軨§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
Ø ⵔ
ՠ蓨§㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§
Ø ⵔ
ՠ蓨§㉀§㉀﹔§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴§㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§﹔䜜軨﹔ö§
Ø ՠ⦸㴴§㉀ §ՠ﹔䜜軨ՠ﹔§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远ö§

﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ ՠ⦸﹔§ՠ§㉀§㉀ §⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔远§
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ§ ㉀﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㴴﹔§
Ŷ
远 ö§﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ§ ﹔諀ö§

Practicing language skills
§㰬﹔§ՠ§㴴

㉀諀§ ՠ§㉀§﹔ՠ
§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§諀﹔§
﹔﹔§㉀§軨远﹔§ö§§㉀諀﹔﹔î§
§
ՠ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远﹔远î§ § ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ§ ⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔§ 軨远§ ﹔
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ㉀§ 远﹔ՠ㴴§ Ŷ
远 ö§ 沤㉀뜘﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔﹔§
軨
諀
§㉀§ՠ㴴§㉀﹔ ﹔§
§ՠ§ ㉀﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§㉀ ﹔远§뜘ՠ蓨§
﹔﹔§ ﹔§﹔⦸
§諀 ՠ§㉀§远ՠ蓨î§ՠ
§
㉀
⦸﹔§ 諀﹔§ ﹔§  ﹔뜘§ 远ՠ﹔§ § ⦸ՠ
§ ㉀ ﹔
§ ﹔§ ՠ§ ⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔§ ㉀§ 뜘ՠ
ՠ﹔§  ﹔§
㉀远﹔§ ﹔﹔远ö§ Ş远﹔§ ㉀뜘§
远﹔ՠ㴴
î§諀﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ远㉀§
﹔﹔§ ㉀远§ 뜘㉀﹔§远㉀蓨㉀㉀㴴远§ ㉀§﹔ՠ
§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ軨㉀§﹔䜜軨뜘﹔
§㉀§
ՠ⦸⦸﹔§远﹔

§远㴴远ö§

Providing feedback to learners
§

㉀§ 뜘㉀﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§ 뜘远ՠ㴴﹔远î§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§

﹔﹔§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴î§ՠ
§ 远§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔远§뜘㉀﹔§⦸ ՠ﹔

§
§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远ö§
﹔§㉀㉀軨远§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § 远§
远§ 뜘ՠ㴴
§諀﹔
§ 諀㉀㴴î§軨§諀﹔§ՠ远㉀§
﹔﹔§ ㉀§﹔§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴§㉀
§ 远﹔ՠ㴴
§远㴴远§×㉀ §ՠ远﹔§ ՠ
§
⦸㉀﹔⦸㉀
ݧՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ §
軨ՠ§﹔ՠ
﹔ö§

Examples
of
possible
solutions
for
teaching
English
in
large
classes§

㰬 ՠ§ ㉀㉀諀远§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§ ﹔諀§ ﹔ՠ远§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔﹔

§ ﹔远§  ՠ§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ⦸ § Ŷ
远 § 
§
ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔蓨ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§﹔
§ՠ远§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀§
远﹔§蓨㉀軨§⦸﹔ՠ蓨§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§㉀ ﹔§
﹔ 
﹔§远㉀軨㉀
远ö§
﹔蓨§
⦸軨﹔§ՠ
§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ î§ՠ§远ՠ﹔蓨§ՠ
§ՠ
§ՠ⦸蓨ö§

ૼ

ૼ







SOCIAL
FACTORS
THAT
INFLUENCE
S
L
A
§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ ՠ⦸㉀远§ ՠ§
軨﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§㉀ §沤﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§

ü  ﹔§
軨远⦸§
ՠ軨﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
蓨§諀 ﹔ ﹔§
軨ՠ§㉀§뜘㉀
㉀
軨ՠö§

ĆĀĴ§
§
 ü  ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ§⦸뜘ՠ﹔§
§﹔ՠ㉀
§㉀§
軨ՠ远뜘§諀 ﹔ ﹔§远軨㉀
§
軨ՠ远뜘§㉀§
뜘㉀
㉀
軨ՠ远뜘ö§
ü  ﹔§远㉀⦸㉀﹔⦸㉀
㉀뜘⦸§远ՠ軨远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§諀 ﹔ ﹔§  §㉀§㉀諀ö§
ü  ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

§⦸㉀
﹔ §諀 ﹔ ﹔§ ㉀뜘ՠ§㉀§
㉀뜘ՠî§


ૼ










PSYCHOLOGICAL
FACTORS
THAT
INFLUENCE
S
L
A




Aptitude



Ş軨﹔§ 远§ ՠ§ 远﹔⦸ ⦸§ ՠ﹔
§ ㉀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§  ﹔﹔
§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔
﹔ՠ§ 
﹔﹔
⦸﹔ĺ§ Ş軨﹔§
ՠ远§ՠ§  §⦸㉀﹔ՠ㉀
§㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ

§远軨⦸⦸﹔远远î§諀 ﹔§
﹔﹔
⦸﹔§㉀﹔远§
㉀ö§Ŷ﹔蓨㉀
﹔§㉀﹔远§

㉀§ ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ՠ軨﹔§ ㉀§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远ĺ§ ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§﹔ ⦸﹔㉀
ՠ蓨§ՠ﹔
﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§×﹔蓨§  §ՠ軨﹔Ýĺ§
軨远ՠ

§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ㉀远﹔§諀 ㉀§㉀§
㉀§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§﹔蓨§  §ⵔî§軨§㉀§ ՠ﹔§﹔蓨§  §
뜘ՠ㴴远§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔뜘㉀蓨§ ՠ§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ軨﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ ﹔ ⦸﹔﹔§ ՠ§ ՠ远远뜘ՠ
§
﹔諀§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠĺ§
⦸ՠՠ﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ
§諀 §ՠ﹔§䜜軨ՠ
﹔远§㉀ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§㉀§﹔§뜘﹔뜘㉀﹔§䜜軨⦸㴴蓨§ՠ
§﹔ՠ远蓨ö§
Attitude



§﹔ՠ

§ ՠ§ ㉀﹔
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§  §  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ՠՠ远§ ㉀远﹔§ ՠ軨﹔远§
㉀諀ՠ远§  ՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§ö﹔ö§ § ﹔§ ՠ軨﹔§ 远§㉀远﹔î§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ 諀§﹔§  ›§軨§  § ﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§ 远§
﹔ՠ﹔î§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ 諀§ ﹔§ ㉀諀ö§ 䇼ՠ远 ﹔
§ ՠ軨﹔§  ՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远§ ⦸㉀远﹔蓨§
﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ軨﹔§諀 ﹔
§ ﹔§远ՠ蓨远ĺ§풴ՠ§㉀远﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ軨﹔§﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§㉀远﹔§
㉀﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀諀ՠ远§﹔ՠ

§Ŷ
远 ö§◤ՠ
﹔§ՠ远㉀§﹔§㉀§﹔§ՠ§⦸﹔ՠ§⦸軨﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ ՠ⦸§ ՠ§
ՠ軨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ 뜘㉀﹔§  蓨§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
§  ՠ
§ ㉀ ﹔远§ 諀 ﹔
§ ﹔§ ՠ远ĺ§ 풴 ﹔§ ⦸㉀
⦸﹔远§ ㉀ §
ՠ軨﹔远§ ㉀諀ՠ远§ ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 远﹔ §⦸㉀뜘﹔ § 远㉀§ ﹔ ՠ远§ § 远§ ﹔ՠ远㉀
ՠ﹔§ ㉀§
﹔ ﹔⦸§ ՠ§远㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远﹔⦸§㉀ §ՠ軨﹔远§ՠ﹔§뜘㉀﹔§  蓨§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
§ ՠ
§㉀ ﹔远§§
§

Motivation

﹔§§远远軨﹔§§㉀ §§뜘㉀ՠ㉀
§§ ՠ远§§﹔﹔
§§⦸﹔
ՠ§§
§§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§§﹔ՠ

§§﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ ö§§
﹔§§㉀ §§
 ﹔§ § 뜘㉀远§ § 뜘㉀ՠ
§ § ՠՠ﹔远§ § 諀 ⦸ § § ﹔﹔뜘
﹔§ §  ﹔§ § 
軨ՠ§ §  ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ § 
§ § 远 ՠ
§ §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ § ﹔ՠ

§ § ㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ § 远§ § ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ § 뜘㉀ՠ㉀
ö§ §
㉀ՠ蓨î§ §
﹔諀§ § ﹔⦸
㉀㉀﹔远§ § ㉀﹔§ §
﹔ՠ
﹔远§§諀 §§諀﹔§㉀㉀軨
﹔远§諀 ⦸ §ՠ㉀諀§§ ﹔뜘§§㉀§§远軨蓨§ՠ
§§﹔ՠ
§§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔远î§軨§§远
⦸﹔§§
 ﹔远﹔§㉀㉀軨
﹔远§ՠ﹔§§ ՠ﹔蓨§§ՠՠՠ﹔§§㉀
§§ՠ§§㉀軨
ՠ蓨§§㉀軨ð㉀ ð远⦸ ㉀㉀§§ՠ远远 ﹔蓨§§ 軨 ﹔§§
  §§ ﹔§§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§§㉀ §§﹔ՠ
﹔§뜘㉀ՠ㉀
ö§§§§㉀§§ 远§§﹔ՠ远㉀
远 ﹔§§﹔ՠ
﹔远§諀 ㉀§§ՠ﹔§§
远㉀
蓨§ 뜘㉀ՠ﹔§ § ՠ﹔§ 뜘軨⦸ § 뜘㉀﹔§ § 㴴﹔蓨§ ㉀§ 远軨⦸⦸﹔﹔§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 
§ ㉀﹔
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔ՠ

§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ Ŷ
远 § ՠ远§ ՠ§ ㉀﹔
§ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ § 
§ ㉀
﹔§ § 远﹔﹔⦸ § § ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
蓨§ § ﹔䜜軨﹔§ §
远﹔⦸ ⦸§뜘㉀ՠ㉀
ՠ§§ ՠ⦸㉀远§§远㉀§§ՠ远§§㉀§§ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔§  §§﹔远㉀
远﹔远ö§§§
§

Ø ՠ㴴
§軨
﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔ՠ㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔﹔§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
§Ƨՠ
§nö§§
佨㉀ՠ㉀
§⦸ՠ
§﹔§﹔﹔§蓨§湌§

Ø ՠ㉀
§ՠ⦸﹔远§ ՠ§ՠ﹔§諀 
§ ﹔§
﹔﹔远远ö§§
Ø ﹔远

§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ՠ远㴴远ö§
Ø 
﹔ՠ
§ 軨
î§ՠ蓨§ՠ
§뜘ՠ
ՠ㉀
§
§蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§㉀ՠ뜘ö§§
Ø ﹔
§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸ö§§
Ø 㴴﹔﹔
§ ﹔§ՠ ﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔§㉀諀ö§

ĆĆĀ§
§
ૼ









STATE
SPECIFIC
INITIATIVES

Status
of
English
in
A
P

Ŷ
远 § 
§ ㉀軨§ ⦸㉀軨
蓨§ 远§ ՠ§ ﹔远﹔
§  ﹔§ 远蓨뜘㉀§ ㉀ § ㉀諀﹔§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔ՠ§
远蓨远﹔뜘î§  ﹔§ ﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
î§ ՠ
ð﹔㉀
ՠ§ ՠ뜘
远ՠ﹔§
﹔諀㉀㴴î§ 远⦸﹔
⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔⦸
㉀㉀蓨î§ ՠ﹔§
ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔⦸﹔ö§ⵔ§ ՠ远§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀§﹔﹔远﹔
§뜘㉀﹔
ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
î§ՠ
î§ՠ远§ՠ§
㴴§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§
§ ՠ远§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§
﹔
ՠ㉀
ՠ§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§
ՠð
ՠ㉀
ՠ§㉀﹔远§㉀﹔§ ﹔§蓨﹔ՠ远ö§ⵔ
§ 远§ՠ⦸㴴㉀§諀﹔î§
 ﹔§ ﹔㉀﹔§ ㉀ §Şî§ 諀ՠ
§ ㉀軨§⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀§ ﹔§ 䜜軨ՠ蓨§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ 
§ Ŷ
远 § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ ⵔ
§ ㉀﹔§㉀§
ՠ﹔远远§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸ՠ㉀
远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔㉀﹔§  ﹔§ ◤㉀﹔
뜘﹔
§ ՠ远§ 
㉀軨⦸﹔§ Ŷ
远 § 
§ ⦸ՠ远远§Ć§ ՠ
§ §
諀§ ﹔§ ՠ軨 § 
§ ⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ Ƨ ㉀§ Ćnö§
﹔§ ◤㉀﹔
뜘﹔
§ ՠ远§ ՠ远㉀§ ㉀﹔
﹔§ ՠՠ﹔§ Ŷ
远 § 뜘﹔軨뜘§
远㉀
远§ՠ
§Ŷ
远 §뜘﹔軨뜘§远⦸ ㉀㉀远§ՠ⦸㉀远远§ ﹔§远ՠ﹔ö§Ş§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§뜘﹔§諀﹔§﹔﹔﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔§
㉀ §ՠ⦸䜜軨
§Ŷ
远 §远 ㉀軨§﹔§㉀§﹔뜘㉀諀﹔§ ﹔§
軨ՠ§㉀§㉀﹔⦸§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§⦸軨軨﹔§ՠ
§
﹔远远§ՠ§
ՠ远㉀
远§㉀
§ ﹔远﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔﹔蓨§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀
﹔远﹔ § ㉀뜘§⦸㉀㉀
ՠ§⦸軨⦸ ﹔远ö§
§
State
Curriculum
Frame
Work
–
Context
and
Challenges



﹔⦸﹔
§﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀
§ՠ
§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§ՠ
§ՠ﹔
ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§﹔ՠ

§﹔ՠ㉀﹔远§远軨⦸ §
ՠ远§  ﹔§ ㉀﹔§  
㴴
§ 远㴴远î§ ⦸⦸ՠ§ ﹔ՠ㉀蓨î§ 远㉀⦸ՠ§ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
î§ 뜘軨﹔§ 
﹔﹔
⦸﹔远î§
﹔ՠ

§ 远蓨﹔远§ ﹔⦸öî§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸ ՠ
﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ
远⦸ՠ﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§ ㉀⦸﹔远远﹔远§ 
§远⦸ ㉀㉀远§ ՠ
§
 远§뜘軨远§﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘ö§
§
State
Vision



The vision of AP is that ALL children should receive high quality education and become
responsible citizens with an acute sense of the other. They should be aware of their environment
and think about it critically. They should listen carefully and speak fearlessly. They should be
able to understand what they hear and read; but they should also be able to question it. Teachers
should promote these skills, provide meaningful teaching learning processes in natural and
friendly environment that enable children to express themselves freely and ask questions.
Teachers are collaborative learners and reflective practitioners. Parents and community should
have a sense of ownership and participate in the life of the school. In a world which is becoming
increasingly materialistic and competitive, school should become a space for reflection,
cooperation and promotion of human and ethical values.

State
Curriculum
Frame
Work
–Perspectives

Ø ㉀뜘§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸﹔
﹔﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ
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﹔﹔ö§

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
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﹔ö§
Ø ㉀뜘§﹔⦸軨﹔§뜘﹔ ㉀§㉀§ՠ⦸蓨§ՠ远﹔ö§
Ø ㉀뜘§뜘﹔뜘㉀
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㉀諀﹔﹔ö§
Ø Ū㉀㉀﹔ՠ﹔î§⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远§ՠ
§﹔ՠ
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ö§
Ø Ū㉀
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§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
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Ø Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
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﹔
﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§ՠ
§㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔远ö§
Ø 沤軨﹔远§㉀
§ՠ

§
﹔﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
Ø
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ远§﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§§⦸㉀
軨⦸
§ՠ⦸㉀
§﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ
§⦸ՠ远﹔§远軨﹔远ö§
Ø ㉀⦸軨远§㉀
§﹔
 ⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ §远㉀軨⦸﹔远§㉀ §
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§軨远
ö§
Ø ㉀⦸軨远§㉀
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀﹔§ՠ远§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§远⦸ՠ ㉀
ö§
Ø 佨ՠ㴴
§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
§ ⦸ ՠ﹔

§ 諀 § 
﹔ՠ⦸﹔î§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀

î§ 远⦸㉀﹔
§
ՠ
§﹔﹔ՠ
§§㉀
§㉀㉀軨
﹔远§㉀§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§⦸㉀
远軨⦸§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔ö§
Ø
㉀§﹔﹔㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠՠ⦸蓨§
§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ远§ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ 远ö§
Ø
㉀§﹔﹔㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§﹔远§ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§뜘﹔뜘﹔
§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸ §
㉀§뜘㉀﹔§﹔ՠ

ö§
Ø ӄ远﹔§㉀ §ⵔŪ
§
§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远ö§
Ø
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 諀㉀㴴§ ⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ﹔蓨§﹔ՠ㴴
§  ﹔§ 远蓨﹔§ ㉀ § 諀㉀㴴
§ 
§ 远㉀ՠ㉀
§ ՠ
§ ՠ㴴﹔§ 軨§
諀 ㉀﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀§ՠ远﹔§㉀ՠ뜘远ö§
Ø
㉀§ 뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ﹔﹔§ 뜘軨§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ՠ
§ ﹔远﹔远§ ՠ远§ ՠՠ
ՠ﹔§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§
뜘ՠ㉀
ö§
Ø ӄ远
§ ﹔§﹔⦸
㉀㉀蓨§ՠ
§ՠ远远远
§﹔⦸﹔远§ ㉀§뜘㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
Ø
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔ՠՠ㉀
§ՠ
§ՠ⦸﹔§﹔ՠ

§﹔ՠ㉀﹔远ö§
§
§

ĆĆn§
§
ૼ











PARADIGM
SHIFT
IN
SECOND
LANGUAGE
TEACHING



ⵔ§ 远§
㉀§ ﹔
㉀軨 §  ՠ§ ㉀軨§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ 远㉀﹔§ 
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§ 
§  ﹔§ 远 ㉀§ ﹔뜘§ ㉀§ ㉀
§ ﹔뜘§
뜘﹔뜘㉀蓨î§ ﹔﹔

§ ㉀
§ 諀 ՠ§ 远§ 远㉀﹔§ ՠ
§ ㉀§ 諀 ՠ§ 軨㉀远﹔ö§
﹔蓨§
﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀§ ﹔蓨㉀
§  ﹔§

㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§軨§ ﹔§  ﹔ð㉀﹔§ 
㴴
§远㴴远ö§


Let’s
enumerate
a
few
points

Ø 㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ 뜘㉀﹔§ ՠ﹔

㉀
§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
远§ 远  § 远§ ﹔
﹔ՠ蓨§

⦸㉀
⦸﹔﹔§ՠ远§⦸ ՠ

§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ð⦸﹔
﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
§㉀§﹔ՠ
﹔⦸﹔
﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ

§⦸﹔
﹔§

Ø
﹔§ ㉀⦸軨远§ 뜘軨远§ ﹔§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ㉀軨⦸远§  ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§
ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
ö§

㉀軨⦸﹔ö§
远§远  §远§ ㉀뜘§㉀軨⦸§㉀﹔
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§㉀§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀﹔
﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
ö§
Ø ◤﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔
㉀
§远§㉀§﹔§ՠ§㉀§ ﹔§远㉀⦸ՠ§
ՠ軨﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§㉀
§远軨﹔
§ՠ远§
远﹔ՠՠ﹔î§﹔ð⦸㉀
﹔ 軨ՠ﹔§
軨ՠ远ö§
Ø 㰬﹔§
﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀⦸軨远§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔远蓨§ ՠ뜘㉀
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§ ⵔ
軨ՠ§  ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§
﹔諀﹔§
㉀§ՠ远§ՠ﹔远§ ㉀§﹔ՠ

§軨§ՠ远§㉀﹔
ՠ§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§ ՠ§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§﹔⦸㉀
﹔î§
ՠ﹔⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ
§⦸ՠ﹔﹔§㉀ö§
Ø 㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀
远﹔§ ﹔§﹔諀远§㉀ § ㉀远﹔§
﹔
ՠ§㉀§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔諀远§㉀ §
 ㉀远﹔§ 諀 ㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ㉀軨远﹔§ ㉀§ 远軨蓨§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远î§ ﹔ՠ軨ՠ﹔§ 諀 ՠ§ ㉀﹔远§ ㉀
§  ﹔﹔§ ՠ
§
﹔
ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔㉀
§ՠ㉀軨§ö§
Ø 㰬﹔§뜘軨远§軨远軨﹔§諀ՠ蓨远§ ՠ§⦸㉀

﹔⦸§ ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀§諀 § ﹔§諀㉀§﹔蓨㉀

§ ՠ
§軨远﹔§ ﹔뜘§ՠ远§
뜘﹔ՠ
远§ ㉀§㉀뜘㉀
§ ㉀远⦸§﹔ՠ

ö§
Ø 㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ 軨
﹔远ՠ
§  ﹔§ 軨㉀远﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ
§ ﹔﹔㉀§  ﹔§ ㉀諀
§
軨㉀远﹔远ö§㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§㉀§远  § ㉀뜘§ՠð㉀ð諀 ㉀﹔§㉀﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀§諀 ㉀﹔ð㉀ðՠ§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ö§
Ø
远§ 
㉀﹔远§ 远軨⦸ § ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ远§ ﹔


§ 諀 § 뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ 諀 ㉀﹔§ ﹔ 远§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§

Ø §㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §뜘﹔ՠ

§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§远§ՠ
§㉀ ﹔§ ㉀뜘远§
远뜘ՠ§軨
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§﹔﹔远ú远㉀軨
远î§諀㉀远§ՠ
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ö§

Ø ﹔ՠ

§远§㉀§﹔§﹔諀﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§ ﹔㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§远㉀뜘﹔ 
§㉀
﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§
㉀ §㉀﹔§﹔ՠ

ö§

ՠ
§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
ö§


ૼ

皤






NARRATIVE
AS
A
PEDAGOGIC
TOOL



ՠՠ﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§⦸ՠ
§﹔§軨远﹔§㉀§﹔§⦸ ﹔远§㴴
§㉀ §
軨远⦸§
軨§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§

﹔§ 远﹔
﹔远ú§ ﹔ՠ﹔远§ 諀 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀远﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§
ՠՠ﹔§ ﹔
 蓨§ ㉀§ ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ﹔§  ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远§ 諀 §
 ㉀远﹔§ ⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§ ՠ
§ ㉀§ ՠ
§ ﹔뜘㉀㉀
ՠ§ ՠՠ⦸ 뜘﹔
ö§ Ş远§  ﹔§
ՠՠ﹔§ ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 远﹔
﹔远ú§
﹔ՠ﹔远§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔뜘㉀㉀
ՠ§﹔﹔î§§⦸ՠ軨远﹔远§ ﹔§㉀軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§

ü
﹔§
ՠՠ﹔§ՠ㉀諀远§ՠ§ ㉀远⦸§﹔ՠ뜘﹔
§㉀ §远﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§
§

ü ⵔ§ՠ⦸⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀ՠ﹔远§ ﹔﹔

§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远›§諀﹔§⦸ՠ
§
⦸㉀㉀ՠ﹔§﹔远⦸㉀
远î§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
远§ՠ
§
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㉀§ ﹔§﹔ §㉀ §ՠ§
ՠՠ﹔ö§§
ü ӄ
㴴﹔§ ﹔§㉀ ﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ㉀뜘远§× ㉀§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔î§﹔远远ՠ蓨î§㉀﹔뜘î§﹔﹔î§﹔⦸öݧՠ§
ՠՠ﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§
远⦸㉀軨远﹔§⦸ՠ
§ՠ⦸⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀ՠ﹔§ՠ§ ﹔远﹔§蓨﹔远§㉀ §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§䜜軨﹔§
ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§§
ü ⵔ§
⦸㉀㉀ՠ﹔远§ՠ§㉀远远﹔§㉀远㉀⦸§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§远﹔远远î§
㉀
ՠ㉀
î§뜘㉀軨ՠ㉀
ö§

ĆĆЧ
§
 ü
﹔§풴
ՠՠ﹔§ՠ远§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ
§﹔§ ﹔§蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§蓨§⦸㉀
远軨⦸
§
ՠ﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§§
ü ՠՠ﹔远§⦸ՠՠ﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔뜘㉀﹔§ՠ远﹔⦸§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
远§远§㉀ §ՠ§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§
§
 ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§远§远軨远ՠ
﹔§
§ 軨뜘ՠ
§뜘
远§ՠ远§﹔뜘㉀㉀
ՠ§﹔远ՠ远ö§
ü ⵔ§⦸ՠ
§⦸ ՠ

﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀軨 远§㉀ § ﹔§远﹔

﹔远§远㉀§ ՠ§ ﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
§﹔ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴远§ՠ远远
﹔§㉀§
 ﹔뜘§
§ՠ§﹔﹔§諀ՠ蓨ö§


ૼ











ENSURING
HOLISTIC
TREATMENT
OF
LANGUAGE



ⵔ
§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔
远軨﹔§ ㉀远⦸§ ﹔ՠ뜘﹔
§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ Ş沤Ū§ ㉀㉀远﹔§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ㉀﹔
﹔§
﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ՠ§ՠ§﹔﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§Ŷ
远 ö§Ş§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§远§ՠ§뜘㉀﹔§㉀ §⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ
§⦸﹔ՠ
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뜘﹔ՠ
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 軨蓨§
§ՠ§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§远軨ՠ㉀
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﹔§
軨﹔§﹔ՠ§远§ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§
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§㉀軨軨§諀§﹔§
㉀⦸軨远
§ ㉀
§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ 諀 ⦸ § 諀§ ՠ㴴﹔§ ⦸ՠ﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ뜘﹔
§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 蓨§ ﹔뜘﹔
§
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﹔
⦸﹔远î§諀㉀远§ՠ
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§ ﹔§軨远﹔§
㉀ §ՠ﹔§뜘㉀﹔远§㉀ §远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§ՠ远⦸§远㴴远ö§﹔ՠ

§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§
㉀§ ㉀﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§ 远軨 ⦸﹔
§ 远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 
﹔ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ՠ远⦸§ 远㴴远§ 
§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
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﹔远﹔§㉀远远﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§
ՠ﹔远远﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ ㉀⦸﹔远远ö§ 沤뜘﹔§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ 㴴﹔§ ⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
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﹔远⦸㉀
远î§远㉀﹔远§⦸ՠ
§﹔§諀㉀㴴﹔§㉀軨§ՠ§ 远§﹔﹔ö§
§
ૼ

뜀








DISCOURSE
ORIENTED
PEDAGOGY



ާ远⦸㉀軨远﹔§远§ՠ§뜘㉀﹔§㉀ §⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ §⦸﹔ՠ
§﹔ՠ远§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨蓨§
§ՠ§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§
諀ՠ蓨§
§ՠ§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§远㉀⦸ՠ§远軨ՠ㉀
ö§§Ŷ ö§ՠՠ﹔î§ 蓨뜘﹔î§Ū㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
î§Ű﹔远⦸㉀
远§﹔⦸ö§
§
㉀
§
軨§ ㉀軨 §远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔⦸
§㉀軨軨§ ㉀軨 §远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§远§ ﹔§ՠ远远§
㉀ §Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔ §﹔
﹔ §﹔ՠ㉀蓨ö §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ §﹔ 远远 §㉀
蓨 §
§ ﹔ § ㉀뜘 §㉀ §远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö §﹔
⦸﹔ §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀軨⦸㉀
§ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ⦸﹔§蓨§ՠ﹔
§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§Ū ﹔
§
⦸㉀
远軨⦸§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ 
§ 諀㉀§ ㉀뜘远§ ㉀ՠ§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔
ö§ ⵔ
§  ﹔§ Űî§ ⦸ ﹔
§ 諀§ ﹔§ ﹔
ՠ﹔§ 
§
뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
远§ ㉀§ ㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀ՠ§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀﹔§ ⦸㉀
﹔ §  ㉀軨 §
諀 ⦸ §远⦸㉀﹔§諀§﹔§﹔
§ ㉀§㉀軨⦸
§諀﹔
§㉀§㉀ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ§⦸㉀
ՠ
§远⦸﹔
﹔远§
ՠ﹔§ 뜘㉀﹔§ 軨远﹔ 軨§ ㉀§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔ö§ Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§  ﹔§ 
§ 
⦸ՠ㉀远ö§﹔﹔§ 远﹔⦸ ⦸§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§
ՠ远㴴远§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§㉀﹔§㉀§⦸ ﹔
§﹔﹔

§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔﹔ö§Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ﹔﹔§⦸ՠ远远§諀远﹔§ՠ㉀
§
諀 §
⦸ՠ㉀远§㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远§ՠ﹔§㉀﹔§
§⦸ ՠ﹔§n§㉀ § 远§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§
§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀ §Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§﹔
﹔§﹔ՠ㉀蓨ĺ§
§
ü Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§㉀﹔
﹔§﹔ՠ㉀蓨§⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠՠ﹔§㉀§远軨§ՠ
蓨§﹔﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
ü Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§㉀﹔
﹔§﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ՠ㴴﹔远§⦸ՠ﹔§㉀ §远㴴§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ö§
ü §
﹔﹔§远§ՠ§远㉀§ ㉀軨
ՠ㉀
§㉀ §﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ §远﹔뜘뜘
§ ㉀뜘§⦸㉀
﹔§远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀蓨§ՠ
§
﹔ՠ

§ ﹔㉀蓨ö§
ü §ⵔ
§ 远§﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ ﹔§ ㉀⦸軨远§远§㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§軨§
㉀§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀軨⦸ö§沤㉀§ՠ
蓨§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
諀 ㉀§远§远
⦸﹔﹔蓨§
﹔﹔远﹔§
§﹔⦸㉀뜘
§ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀§⦸ՠ
§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀
﹔ö§§
ü Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§㉀﹔
﹔§﹔ՠ㉀蓨§㉀⦸﹔﹔远§ ㉀뜘§諀 ㉀﹔§㉀§ՠö§
§
ĆĆĖ§
§


ૼ
ૼ






SUM
UP



沤軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ՠ뜘ՠ﹔§諀 § ﹔§§ ﹔㉀﹔⦸ՠ§㉀远軨ՠ﹔远§㉀ § ﹔﹔
§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
㴴﹔§ 沤ðð沤§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ î§Ū㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ § ՠ
§ 뜘﹔ ㉀远§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §远ՠ
§ ㉀뜘§
 ﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ
远ՠ㉀
§佨﹔ ㉀§軨§㉀§Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§﹔
﹔§﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ՠ﹔§远⦸軨远远﹔§
§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀
§
諀 §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远î§ ՠՠ
ՠ﹔远§ ՠ
§ 뜘ՠ㉀
远§ ㉀ §  ﹔﹔
§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ
§ 뜘﹔ ㉀远ö§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ 远§ ﹔
远軨﹔§  ㉀軨 § ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ 
軨§ ՠ
§  §  ﹔§ ⦸ § 远§ ㉀﹔蓨§ 뜘㉀ՠ﹔ö§
沤﹔⦸㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
§ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ⦸﹔§ § ﹔§
軨§远§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔î§ ﹔§ՠ ﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔§远§㉀諀î§

﹔§ 远⦸軨远远㉀
§ ㉀
§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ
§ 뜘﹔ ㉀远§ ՠ﹔§ 軨远﹔ 軨§ ㉀§ ﹔ ㉀﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀ § Ŷ
ö§
﹔§
㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远î§뜘﹔ ㉀远§ ﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
§  ﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
㉀㉀諀﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔ö§
﹔§ՠ諀ՠ﹔
﹔远远§㉀
§Ū㉀
远⦸§﹔諀§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§諀§
ՠ﹔§ՠ
§뜘ՠ⦸§㉀
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ
§⦸ՠ
§ՠ
§ 远§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ ՠ⦸⦸㉀
蓨§ö䇼
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
§ ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ⦸﹔§㉀
蓨§諀 ﹔
§  ﹔§ ⦸ § 远§
﹔
ՠ﹔§ 
§ 뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ ՠ远㴴远§ ö
﹔§ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸远⦸§ ﹔諀§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ ㉀㉀軨
﹔§ 蓨§
远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀远远§㴴﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ﹔§ՠ
§㉀ՠ뜘§Ū ㉀뜘远㴴蓨§㉀﹔远§⦸㉀
﹔
⦸﹔§㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ Ŷ
远 § ՠ远§ ՠ§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔öö§ Ū ﹔
§ ﹔ՠ
§ 
§  ﹔﹔
§ 諀ՠ蓨远ö§ Ű﹔﹔

§ ㉀
§  ﹔§

ՠ軨﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ

§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸ՠ﹔㉀﹔§ 
㉀§ Ė§ 㴴
远§
ՠ뜘﹔蓨§ ՠ軨㉀蓨î§ 远軨ՠî§ ՠ⦸﹔§ ՠ
§
㴴
﹔远 ﹔⦸ö§沤軨ՠ﹔§ՠ远㴴远§ՠ﹔§远軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔﹔
§㴴
远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§ᴐ㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔蓨§
ՠ⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔
 軨远ՠ远⦸§ 
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨
§ ՠ
蓨§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 諀§ ﹔﹔㉀§ ⦸ՠՠ⦸蓨§
軨
§㉀§ ՠ
﹔§蓨㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ
§﹔

﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ远㉀§ ㉀諀§㉀§ ՠ
﹔§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远ö§
﹔§远  §

§ ՠՠ뜘§ 諀 ⦸ § 远§ ㉀远﹔﹔§ ՠ§  ﹔﹔
§ ﹔﹔远§ 
§  ﹔﹔
§ ﹔远î§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ㉀軨⦸㉀
î§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ՠ
§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远§ 远§ ՠ§ 諀﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ⦸ ՠ
﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀§ՠՠ§ ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔
§远軨ՠ㉀
ö§
﹔蓨§
﹔﹔§㉀§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀㉀§
ՠՠ㉀远§远㉀§ ՠ§
 ﹔蓨§ ﹔
㉀蓨§  ﹔§ Ŷ
远 § ⦸ՠ远远﹔远ö§
﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ՠՠ§  ﹔§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ㉀﹔
﹔§ ﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ 
§  ﹔§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ 远㉀§  ՠ§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀ՠ§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔
§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ 
§
뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§⦸㉀
﹔ 远ö§§
§
ૼ
ૼᲠ






ASSIGNMENT



ĆÝ Ű ﹔﹔
ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔뜘远§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ î§뜘﹔ ㉀§ՠ
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nÝ Ű远⦸軨远远§ ﹔§远ՠ﹔
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ĐÝ 㰬 ՠ§뜘﹔ ㉀î§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
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远Œ§軨远 蓨Œ§
ĖÝ ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§軨远﹔§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ㉀蓨§
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ĜÝ Ű远⦸軨远远§ ﹔§﹔뜘﹔﹔
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§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀ §Ū㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §
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ĢÝ 佨ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§⦸㉀뜘ՠ远㉀
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§ ﹔§沤ðð沤§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §ՠ
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⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ö§
ĨÝ Ű远⦸軨远远§
§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§ ﹔㉀﹔远§㉀ §沤﹔ ﹔
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﹔§﹔ՠ㉀蓨ö§
§
§

ĆĆĜ§
§
ૼ
ૼ







PROJECT
WORK



ĆÝ Ū㉀﹔⦸§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔﹔
§ 軨远 ﹔远§ ՠ
§ ՠ
ՠ蓨﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §  ﹔蓨§
㉀㉀諀﹔ö§
nÝ Ū㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ
§⦸㉀
ՠ远§ ﹔§沤ާ ﹔㉀﹔远§㉀㉀远﹔§蓨§ ﹔﹔
§
軨远⦸远ö§
ĐÝ Ū㉀뜘뜘﹔
§㉀
§ ﹔§远ՠ﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§
ՠ﹔远§﹔ՠ
§沤ާ
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ĖÝ 远﹔﹔§ ﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ § ㉀㉀諀﹔§
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§
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§㉀远﹔﹔§ ㉀諀§ ﹔蓨§﹔ՠ
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远 §ՠ
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ĢÝ Ű﹔远
§ՠ远㴴远§ ㉀§ ﹔﹔
§㴴
远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
﹔远î§⦸㉀
軨⦸§ ﹔뜘§ՠ
§﹔⦸㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀远﹔ՠ㉀
远ö§
ĨÝ 远﹔﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔§㉀ §뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§軨
§
ՠՠ㉀
§㉀ §ՠ
蓨§远㉀蓨§ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§﹔㉀ö§




BIBLIOGRAPHY



ĆÝ ՠ㉀
ՠ§Ū軨⦸軨軨뜘§ՠ뜘﹔諀㉀㴴§§nĀĀĜ§
nÝ Ş
 ՠ§ՠ﹔远 §沤ՠ﹔§Ū軨⦸軨軨뜘§ՠ뜘﹔諀㉀㴴§§nĀĆƧ
ĐÝ ㉀远㉀
§ՠ﹔§㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§§nĀĆƧ
ĖÝ ŤöŶ§佨﹔ ㉀远§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §§
﹔軨軨§Ş㴴ՠ﹔뜘§
ĜÝ ŰöŶö§佨﹔ ㉀远§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §§
﹔軨軨§Ş㴴ՠ﹔뜘§
ĢÝ ﹔諀§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§佨㉀軨﹔§§Ŷ
远 §蓨§Ş沤ŪŶ
ö§
ĨÝ ŰöŶ§沤㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀㉀㴴î§nĀĆĖ§蓨§Ş沤ŪŶ
ö§
ĮÝ 沤㉀軨⦸﹔§Ť㉀㉀㴴远§ ㉀§ŰöŶöŶ§蓨§䇼﹔ՠՠî䇼ՠ
ՠՠ㴴ՠî§
§﹔⦸ö§
§

ĆĆĢ§
§


UNIT – 4

Good teaching is far more about the PROCESS than it is about the CONTENT…..

ĆĆĨ§
§
 UNIT伸IV

CLASSROOM
TRANSACTION
PROCESS

Რ







INTRODUCTION



ⵔ§ 远§ ՠ§ 諀﹔§ 㴴
㉀諀
§ ՠ⦸§  ՠ§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ § 
§ ՠ§ ՠ﹔蓨§ ㉀ § 諀ՠ蓨远î§  ㉀軨 §
﹔ ﹔﹔
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§ՠ
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î§ 
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î§ 远﹔

§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ
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
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軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
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
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﹔﹔§ ㉀§ 㴴﹔﹔§ ՠ § 

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ՠ﹔远§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§ ㉀﹔§
⦸㉀﹔⦸㉀
ö§
﹔§﹔﹔§㉀軨⦸远§ՠ﹔§軨远 ﹔§ՠ远§§㉀㉀㴴远ö§﹔﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔§㉀ §Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§﹔
﹔§
﹔ՠ㉀蓨§諀 ⦸ §远§远⦸軨远远﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§⦸ ՠ﹔远§远§⦸﹔ՠ蓨§远﹔§
§﹔
﹔ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§蓨§
㉀軨⦸
§㉀ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§
ՠ远㴴远§ՠ﹔§远軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀§㉀諀§㉀ ⦸﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ远㉀ö§
﹔§
⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
§뜘軨§﹔﹔§ՠ
§뜘軨§ՠ﹔§远§ՠ远㉀§ՠ﹔远远﹔§
§﹔ ö§§










OBJECTIVES

§
Ť蓨§㉀
§ ㉀軨 § 远§軨
§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§湌§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§諀 ՠ§佨㉀軨ՠ§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§軨
§远ö§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§  ﹔﹔
§ 뜘㉀軨﹔远§ ㉀ § ՠ§ 軨
ĺ§ ﹔ð﹔ՠ
î§ ﹔ՠ
§ ՠ
§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸
§ ՠ
§
﹔
§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀﹔§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀ § ﹔﹔
§뜘㉀軨﹔远§
§ՠ§軨
ö§
Ø 远⦸軨远远§ ﹔§远﹔远§
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§ՠ
§沤ՠ﹔﹔远§㉀ §﹔ð﹔ՠ
§远﹔远远㉀
ö§§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ § ﹔뜘﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ
§㉀軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §㉀ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
§㉀⦸﹔远远§ՠ
§ ﹔§뜘⦸㉀ð㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
ö§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§远﹔远§ ㉀§ⵔ
軨ՠ§﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§Ū㉀ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
ö§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ㉀諀§㉀§﹔ ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ö§§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§諀 ՠ§◤ՠ ⦸§﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§◤ՠ ⦸§諀
§ՠ﹔ö§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§㉀ §㉀远ð﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §远⦸㉀軨远﹔§⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
ö§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §ⵔ
軨ՠ§諀
î§﹔ 

§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
ö§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§諀 ՠ§◤ՠ ⦸§諀
§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔

﹔远§远ö§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§ ㉀諀§㉀§Ŷ§ ﹔§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ
§軨远 
§⦸ ﹔
远§㉀軨⦸远ö§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§ ㉀諀§㉀§Ű﹔ՠ§諀 §﹔ 軨ՠ§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§×㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§ՠ뜘뜘ՠî§远軨蓨§远㴴远î§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴Ýö§
Ø 㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§远ՠ﹔﹔远§ ㉀§ՠ﹔远远
§㉀諀§㉀ ⦸﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
Ø 軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§佨軨§ՠ﹔§ՠ
§뜘軨§﹔﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§远ՠ﹔﹔远§




ૼ









THE
MODULAR
TRANSACTION

§
Task

· Ū㉀﹔⦸§  ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ 軨远﹔§ Ĝ§ 蓨﹔ՠ远§ ﹔ ㉀﹔§ ՠ

§ ⦸㉀뜘ՠ﹔§  ﹔뜘§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ﹔ 远
§

﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远ö§
§
§

ĆĆĴ§
§

㉀軨 §ՠՠ뜘§远  §§远§﹔﹔
§ ՠ§﹔﹔蓨§뜘㉀뜘﹔
§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§远§㉀§
﹔§ ﹔
§ 뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔ö§ Ŷՠ﹔î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔ 远§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ㉀
﹔§ ﹔
§ ㉀§ ㉀蓨§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ㉀ ﹔§
⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远§ ㉀ § ՠ§ 軨
§ ՠ﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ 
﹔﹔
﹔
蓨§ ՠ
§ 远﹔ՠՠ﹔蓨§ 諀 ﹔﹔§  ﹔﹔§ 諀ՠ远§
㉀§ 
㴴§
﹔諀﹔﹔
§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远ö§
﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远§ 諀﹔﹔§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ՠ远§ 諀ՠ﹔ð § ⦸㉀뜘ՠ뜘﹔
远ö§
﹔§
﹔远﹔§ ﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ ՠ远§ ﹔⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔
﹔§ ՠ§ 뜘㉀軨ՠ§ 뜘㉀﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ 諀 ⦸ § ﹔远§ 远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§
⦸⦸ՠ§ 
㴴
î§뜘
軨﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§
§諀 ⦸ §
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ㴴﹔远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ§㉀﹔§
§
ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§§§
§
ާ뜘㉀軨﹔§远§ՠ
§﹔뜘§㉀ §ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§§Ű ﹔﹔
§뜘㉀軨﹔远§㉀ §ՠ§軨
§ՠ﹔ĺ§ ՠ⦸﹔§远 ﹔﹔ú§﹔§
⦸軨﹔î§ 远﹔

§ 
軨î§ ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔ î§  蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘î§ ﹔ 軨ՠ§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远ö§ § ﹔㉀軨远蓨î§ 諀﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§
㉀⦸軨远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §ՠ
§远⦸軨远远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §諀ՠ远§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨 §㉀ §ՠ§軨
ö§§
﹔§
㉀ ﹔§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远§ՠ﹔§
㉀§﹔
§뜘軨⦸ §뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔ö§§﹔
⦸﹔î§ ﹔§﹔ 軨ՠ§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§諀﹔﹔§﹔
§ՠ远﹔§
㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔ § ㉀
蓨ö§ § 沤
⦸﹔§ 远﹔

§ ﹔ 远§ 諀﹔﹔§
㉀§ ﹔
§ ㉀뜘
﹔
⦸﹔§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ՠ远㴴远§ 諀﹔﹔§
ՠ远﹔§㉀
蓨§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ö§§Ş远§ՠ§﹔远軨î§ ﹔﹔§諀ՠ远§
㉀§
ՠ軨ՠ§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §ՠ⦸䜜軨
§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
沤
⦸﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ §⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
§㉀﹔远§远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§㉀ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
§㉀軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§﹔ՠ⦸ §뜘㉀軨﹔§

﹔﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘軨远㉀蓨ö§ § ާ远﹔⦸ ⦸§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ 远§ 远軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔﹔
§
뜘㉀軨﹔远§ ㉀ § ՠ§ 軨
î§ 諀 ⦸ § 諀﹔§ ⦸ՠ§ ՠ远§ 뜘㉀軨ՠ§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§ 㰬﹔§ 諀§ 远﹔﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ ㉀ §
 ﹔﹔
§뜘㉀軨﹔远§
§ 远§軨
ö§




ૼ
Რ





PRE伸READING

READING

DISCOURSE
CONSTRUCTION
AND
EDITING



Point
for
discussion

ü ⵔ §  ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远§ ㉀ §ՠ§ 軨
§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀
§ ՠ§⦸﹔ՠ
§ ⦸﹔ՠî§ 諀 ՠ§⦸﹔ՠ§㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§

ü 㰬 ՠî§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴î§远§ ﹔§⦸軨⦸ՠ§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
§㉀ §ՠ§軨
Œ§
㉀㉀諀Œ§

ü 㰬 ﹔
§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
§远§㉀§﹔§ՠ﹔뜘﹔Œ§


§

﹔§ 뜘㉀軨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸ՠ﹔㉀﹔§ ՠ远﹔§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ՠ远§ ﹔ð﹔ՠ
î§ ﹔ՠ
î§
Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
§ՠ
§Ŷ
ö§§Ş
蓨§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§㉀ՠ뜘뜘﹔§ ㉀⦸軨远﹔远§軨뜘ՠ﹔蓨§
㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ 
軨ՠ§ ՠ
§ 
﹔﹔
﹔
§ ﹔ՠ﹔ö§ ﹔
⦸﹔î§ 諀 ՠ§ ㉀§ 諀﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ ㉀﹔§ §
﹔ՠ
î§諀 ՠ§远§㉀§﹔§㉀
﹔§軨
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§㉀⦸﹔远远î§ՠ
§諀 ՠ§諀§﹔§㉀
﹔§ՠ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§
ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§㴴﹔§
§뜘
§
§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远ö§§﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔§뜘㉀軨﹔远§㉀ §ՠ§軨
§ՠ﹔§﹔§
ՠ远§﹔ð﹔ՠ
î§﹔ՠ
î§ՠ
§㉀远ð﹔ՠ
§ ՠ§
⦸軨﹔远§Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔§⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
ö§§











ROLE
OF
INTERACTION
IN
TRANSACTING
DIFFERENT
MODULES


IN
A
UNIT

§

﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§远 ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§⦸﹔ՠ§軨
﹔远ՠ

§㉀ § ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀§﹔§ ㉀㉀諀﹔§
§
﹔ՠ⦸ §뜘㉀軨﹔ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ

§㉀⦸﹔远远§远§
㉀§远㉀뜘﹔ 
§ ՠ§ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ⦸﹔§﹔諀﹔﹔
§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ 
軨ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§ ㉀
蓨ö§ §
﹔﹔§ 远§ ՠ§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ㉀ § ⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
§ 諀 ﹔﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§
远 ՠ﹔远§  ﹔§﹔ՠ远§ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ

§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§諀 § ﹔§﹔﹔远§﹔ ㉀
§
﹔諀§ ﹔ՠ远§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘
§ ㉀§
⦸㉀
远﹔
远軨远ö§§
§

ĆnĀ§
§

﹔§﹔远﹔
§﹔ՠ㉀蓨§远軨﹔远远§ ㉀远⦸§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §㉀§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
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§ 
§諀 ⦸ §  ﹔§
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§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀軨⦸ö§§﹔
⦸﹔î§ ﹔§
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§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§远§
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§ ㉀뜘
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§Ş沤Ūö§§ ⵔ
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§ ՠ§⦸軨远§ՠ⦸㉀远远§ՠ§ ﹔远﹔§뜘㉀軨﹔远§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ՠ§ՠ§
⦸㉀뜘㉀
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﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ 远§
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§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ՠ
§ ﹔⦸
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§ՠ㉀軨远§远ՠ﹔﹔远§ՠ
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§ ㉀§㉀
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뜘ՠ㉀
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軨蓨§㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§
§ՠ§ ﹔§뜘㉀軨﹔远§㉀ §ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§


B




Specific
Objectives



Რ傈 Initial
Interaction

ⵔ
ՠ§ 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ 远§  ﹔§ 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§  ՠ§ ՠ㴴﹔远§ ՠ⦸﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ﹔蓨§
﹔


§㉀ § ﹔§﹔远远㉀
ö§
§

﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§
ՠ§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ﹔§§
§
ü
ՠ㴴
§㉀軨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ远远軨뜘㉀
远§㉀
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§ՠ§ ՠ
§
ü
ՠ㴴
§㉀軨§﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔⦸﹔㉀
远§㉀
§諀 ՠ§ ՠ远§﹔﹔
§諀ՠ⦸ ﹔§
ü ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§ú远远軨﹔§
ü 佨ՠ㴴
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔⦸§諀 ՠ§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀§远﹔
§㉀§㉀§﹔ՠ§
§

傈 Interaction
while
listening
input
is
presented

ü
﹔
§﹔﹔
§ 
㴴
§

ü Ŷ⦸
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔⦸﹔㉀
远§㉀
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§
ü 佨ՠ㴴
§﹔⦸㉀
远§㉀
§諀 ՠ§뜘 § ㉀㉀諀§
ü
ՠ㴴
§㉀軨§﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§㉀
§諀 ՠ§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§ ՠ远§远﹔
﹔§㉀§
ü Ş
ՠ蓨
§ ﹔§远軨ՠ㉀
§⦸⦸ՠ蓨§
§
ૼ傈 Interaction
leading
to
individual
reading

Ū ﹔
§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ §
軨ՠ蓨§﹔ ㉀﹔§ ﹔蓨§
﹔ՠ§
§㉀軨远ö§
﹔蓨§
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § ﹔§﹔ ö§
﹔§軨㉀远﹔§㉀ § 远§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§远§§

ü ⵔ
远
§
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ
§軨﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ§
§

ü ﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§﹔⦸㉀
§㉀
§諀 ՠ§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀§﹔ՠ§
ü ⵔ
远
§⦸㉀
﹔
⦸﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ㉀§軨
﹔ՠ㴴
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ⦸蓨§
§

傈 Interaction
during
collaborative
reading

⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§﹔§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ 远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ
§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§諀 § ﹔§⦸ՠ远远뜘ՠ﹔远§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
§×﹔ՠ
§
§㉀軨远Ýö§
﹔§
軨㉀远﹔§㉀ § 远§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§远§㉀§远 ՠ﹔§ՠ
§﹔ՠ
§ ㉀뜘§﹔﹔远ö§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ ՠ§
ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ⦸﹔§軨
§⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ﹔§§
§
ü Ŷ
远軨
§ ՠ§﹔ՠ远§ՠ﹔§远 ՠ﹔§ՠ远§﹔§ ﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
远§﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
ü Ş远远﹔远远
§ ﹔§㉀﹔远远§㉀ §㉀軨§諀㉀㴴§
ü Ŷ ﹔

§㉀뜘ՠ§远軨㉀§㉀§ ㉀远﹔§諀 ㉀§
﹔﹔§§
ü Ŷ
远軨
§⦸㉀㉀﹔ՠ㉀
§
§﹔ՠ뜘§諀㉀㴴§
ü Ş﹔远远
§﹔ՠ

§远远軨﹔远§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§㉀﹔远远
§ՠ§ՠ§远㉀諀﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§
§
傈 Interactions
related
to
scaffold
reading
extrapolating
the
text
with
the
help
of

analytical
questions傈



沤⦸ՠ ㉀
§远§ ﹔
§ ﹔§⦸ §㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔§
﹔ §  ﹔§﹔﹔§ ㉀뜘§

ĆnЧ
§
  ﹔§ ⦸軨﹔
§ ﹔﹔ö§ Ŷ ՠ㉀ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔ § 远§ 뜘ՠ㴴
§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ﹔ՠ§  ﹔§ ﹔ § ⦸⦸ՠ蓨§ 蓨§
ՠ远㴴
§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§
⦸軨
§
﹔﹔
ՠî§⦸ՠ軨远﹔ð§⦸㉀
远﹔䜜軨﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ
§ՠ
ՠ蓨⦸ՠ湌ö§

ü ﹔远﹔
§뜘軨﹔§﹔远﹔⦸﹔远§㉀
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔ö§

ü ⵔ﹔
 蓨
§ՠ§㉀
§㉀ §﹔諀§㉀ § ﹔§諀﹔§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
ü ⵔ
远
§ՠ軨﹔§远蓨远﹔뜘远ö§
§

傈 Interaction
related
to
the
presentation
of
teacher’s
version


﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ﹔远§ 远ú ﹔§
﹔远㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ՠ远远
﹔§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ×㉀ՠ§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔
ݧ § ՠ远㴴§ ՠ
§ ﹔远﹔
远§ ՠ ﹔§ 
軨ՠ§
ՠ﹔뜘î§﹔ 

§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§﹔
§㉀ §㉀軨§㉀軨⦸ö§

ü ◤
§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴§㉀
§諀 ՠ§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ﹔§諀﹔
§

ü   
§远㉀뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ՠ§ ՠ远§﹔﹔
§ՠ﹔﹔§
ü ㉀
§ 軨 ﹔§
軨§ ㉀§远﹔

§
ü ㉀
§ՠ§
ՠ軨ՠ§﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ⦸蓨§
§
皤傈 Interaction
related
to
editing


﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ﹔远§ ㉀軨§ ㉀軨⦸§ ㉀ § ՠ
蓨§ 諀﹔
§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§
ՠ远㴴§蓨§
﹔㉀ՠ
§諀 § ﹔§㉀ ﹔§㉀軨远§ú§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远ö§

ü 沤﹔
远
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀
§ՠ㉀軨远§㴴
远§㉀ §﹔㉀远§

ü ◤
§㉀远﹔§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀
§ ﹔§諀
§
ü Ū ﹔⦸㴴
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
軨㉀
远§㉀
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨§
ü Ť軨
§軨§⦸㉀
﹔
⦸﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
§軨远
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
§

﹔§ՠ㉀﹔§远㉀
§㉀ §远㉀远§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§远§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§远﹔远ö§
§
§ⵔ
§ՠ㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ㉀﹔î§远§ ﹔﹔§ՠ
蓨§远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
§Ŷ
远 §⦸ՠ远远ö§§
§
沤㉀뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔뜘§ՠ﹔§﹔
§﹔㉀諀ö§
§
Ø Ť﹔ ㉀﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§﹔
远ööö§
Ø 㰬 ﹔§ՠ㴴
§ՠ﹔
ՠ
⦸﹔ööö§
Ø 㰬 § ﹔§ՠ﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔远ööö§
Ø 㰬 ﹔§远ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远ööö§
Ø 㰬 ﹔§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
Ø Ŷ⦸
ööö§
Ø 㰬 ﹔§㉀軨
§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀§㉀軨§諀㉀㴴远§
Ø ՠ⦸ՠ
§◤㉀軨§㰬㉀㴴öööö§
Ø 㰬 ﹔§Ş远远

§ՠ§ՠ远㴴§
Ø 㰬 ﹔
§⦸ՠ ⦸ՠ㉀
§﹔䜜軨﹔ö§
Ø 㰬 ﹔§⦸㉀
軨⦸
§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴ö§
Ø 沤軨뜘§軨§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ远㴴ö§
Ø Ū㉀远
§ ﹔§﹔远远㉀
湌§
Ø ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§Ūՠ远远ööö§
Ø Ş远㴴
§ ㉀§ⵔ
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
ööö§
Ø ◤
§ⵔ
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
ööö§

ĆnĖ§
§
 Ø
Ø
◤﹔
§뜘㉀﹔§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
ööö§
Ş远㴴
§ ㉀§远㉀뜘﹔㉀
﹔Ñ远§㉀
㉀
ööö§
Ø
Ø
◤
§
㉀
ööö§
Ş远㴴
§ՠ㉀軨§㴴﹔远§ՠ
§远㴴﹔远ööö§
Ø
Ø
Ŷ ﹔远远
§Ű远㴴﹔远ööö§
Ŷ ﹔远远
§㴴﹔远湌öö§
Ø
Ø
Ş远㴴
§ ㉀§Ş﹔﹔뜘﹔
§
Ş﹔﹔
§
Ø
Ø
Ű远ՠ﹔﹔
湌ö§
沤﹔﹔㴴
§远軨﹔远㉀
远§
Ø
Ø
﹔䜜軨﹔远
湌§
﹔远㉀

§㉀§ՠ§﹔䜜軨﹔远ööö§
Ø ﹔ 軨远
ööö§
Ø Ŷ ﹔远远
§沤蓨뜘ՠ 蓨ööö§
Ø Ş㉀㉀
ööö§
Ø Ş⦸⦸﹔
§Ş㉀㉀﹔远ööö§
Ø  ﹔
§﹔湌öö§
Ø Ş⦸⦸﹔
§ ﹔§
Ø Ű﹔⦸

§ ﹔§
Ø Ū㉀뜘﹔뜘﹔

§Ë§Ū㉀
ՠ軨ՠ
§
Ø
ՠ
㴴
湌öö§
Ø ﹔远㉀

§㉀§ ՠ
㴴远§
§









STAGES
OF
TRANSACTION

ü 㰬 ՠ§㉀§諀﹔§㉀远﹔﹔§
§ՠ
§Ŷ
远 §⦸ՠ远远Œ§
Points
for
discussion

ü 㰬 ՠ§㉀§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§
§ ﹔§Ŷ
远 §⦸ՠ远远§ՠ
§ ㉀諀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ ﹔﹔
§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§

ü ㉀諀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ՠ远㴴远§㉀
﹔Œ§§
﹔ ﹔⦸ՠ㉀
远Œ§

﹔§⦸ ՠ﹔
﹔远§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ﹔§§
§
Ø Ū ՠ﹔
﹔§ ㉀
 ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ 远§ 뜘㉀远蓨§ ՠ㉀
ՠ§ 諀 § ﹔⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ
§

Ø
﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ㉀⦸﹔远远﹔远§ 远 ㉀諀§  ՠ§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ⦸㉀蓨§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ 諀 ㉀軨§ ՠ
蓨§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§㉀﹔
﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远ö§

Ø
﹔§﹔
﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀§ՠ⦸⦸﹔远§ՠ
§﹔ՠՠ㉀
§ՠ﹔§
⦸﹔ՠ远
蓨§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
§㉀﹔
﹔ö§
⦸ ՠ﹔

§ՠ
§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§﹔
ՠ﹔뜘﹔
§諀 §﹔ՠ

§ՠ远㴴远ö§

Ø
﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§远§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§㉀﹔
﹔§ ՠ
§ 뜘﹔뜘㉀蓨§ՠ远﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔﹔㉀﹔§蓨§
㉀軨远﹔§ ՠ﹔
⦸﹔远§ 諀 ⦸ § ՠ﹔§
㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸蓨§ ՠ远﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀§ ﹔
远㉀
§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ§㉀ §﹔ ՠ뜘远§
ՠ뜘㉀
§⦸ ﹔
ö§


㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§뜘ՠ㉀§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远§
㉀﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远Œ§
§
§﹔远§﹔
軨뜘﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§ ﹔諀§㉀
远ĺ§
§

ĆnĜ§
§
 Point
for
discussion

ü Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴î§ ﹔﹔§远§ՠ
蓨§⦸ ՠ
﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§﹔ ㉀﹔§ ﹔§

뜘﹔뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
远§㉀ §Ū§nĀĀĜ§ՠ
§ՠ ﹔Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§⦸ ՠ
﹔§ ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§㉀远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔î§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔î§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§ՠ
§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远Œ§
ü ㉀⦸﹔远远§远§뜘㉀﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
§ ՠ
§㉀軨⦸§§Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§远軨㉀§ 远§远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
Œ§㰬 蓨Œ§
ü Ū㉀뜘뜘﹔
§㉀
§ ﹔§远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
§ ﹔§远﹔⦸﹔§㉀ §﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
§﹔远§
§﹔远﹔⦸
§ ﹔§⦸ ö§
ü 㰬 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔远㉀
§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §諀 § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§㉀ §ՠ ՠ﹔远Œ§
ü Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§﹔ՠ

§远§ՠ§ ﹔㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远Œ







Now
read
the
following

ü 㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ 뜘㉀﹔§ ՠ﹔

㉀
§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
远§ 远  § 远§ ﹔
﹔ՠ蓨§

⦸㉀
⦸﹔﹔§ՠ远§⦸ ՠ

§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ð⦸﹔
﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
§㉀§﹔ՠ
﹔⦸﹔
﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ

§⦸﹔
﹔§

ü
﹔§ ㉀⦸軨远§ 뜘軨远§ ﹔§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ㉀軨⦸远§  ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§
ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
ö§

ü ◤﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔
㉀
§远§㉀§﹔§ՠ§ ㉀§ ﹔§远㉀⦸ՠ§
ՠ軨﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§㉀
§远軨﹔
§ՠ远§
㉀軨⦸﹔ö§
远§远  §远§ ㉀뜘§㉀軨⦸§㉀﹔
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§㉀§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀﹔
﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
ö§

ü 㰬﹔§
﹔﹔§㉀§ ㉀⦸軨远§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔远蓨§ՠ뜘㉀
§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§ⵔ
軨ՠ§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§﹔諀﹔§
远﹔ՠՠ﹔î§﹔ð⦸㉀
﹔ 軨ՠ﹔§
軨ՠ远ö§

㉀§ ՠ远§ ՠ﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ

§ 軨§ ՠ远§ ㉀﹔
ՠ§ ﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§  ՠ§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔⦸㉀
﹔î§
ՠ﹔⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ
§⦸ՠ﹔﹔§㉀ö§
ü 㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀
远﹔§ ﹔§﹔諀远§㉀ § ㉀远﹔§
﹔
ՠ§㉀§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔諀远§㉀ §
 ㉀远﹔§ 諀 ㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ㉀軨远﹔§ ㉀§ 远軨蓨§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远î§ ﹔ՠ軨ՠ﹔§ 諀 ՠ§ ㉀﹔远§ ㉀
§  ﹔﹔§ ՠ
§
﹔
ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔㉀
§ՠ㉀軨§ö§
ü 㰬﹔§ 뜘軨远§ 軨远軨﹔§ 諀ՠ蓨远§  ՠ§⦸㉀

﹔⦸§ ﹔§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀§諀 §  ﹔§ 諀㉀§﹔蓨㉀

§ ՠ
§ 軨远﹔§  ﹔뜘§ ՠ远§
뜘﹔ՠ
远§ ㉀§㉀뜘㉀
§ ㉀远⦸§﹔ՠ

ö§
ü 㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ 軨
﹔远ՠ
§  ﹔§ 軨㉀远﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ
§ ﹔﹔㉀§  ﹔§ ㉀諀
§
軨㉀远﹔远ö§ 㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ 远  § ㉀뜘§ ՠð㉀ð諀 ㉀﹔§ ㉀﹔
ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§ 諀 ㉀﹔ð㉀ðՠ§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ö§
沤ՠ
§ ㉀뜘§ՠ ՠ﹔远î§諀㉀远î§ ՠ远﹔远î§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ
§ՠՠՠ 远§远§ՠð§㉀§諀 ㉀﹔î§諀 ﹔§
远ՠ
§ ㉀뜘§ 뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ ㉀뜘远§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 㴴﹔§ 远㉀﹔远î§  蓨뜘﹔远î§ ﹔﹔远î§
㉀⦸﹔§ ﹔⦸§ ㉀§

ü
远§ 
㉀﹔远§ 远軨⦸ § ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ远§ ﹔


§ 諀 § 뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ 諀 ㉀﹔§ ﹔ 远§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远î§諀㉀远§ՠ
§﹔﹔远湌远§⦸ՠ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§㉀§ՠ湌ö§

ü 㰬﹔§ ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §뜘﹔ՠ

§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§远§ՠ
§㉀ ﹔§ ㉀뜘远§㉀ §
远뜘ՠ§軨
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§﹔﹔远ú远㉀軨
远î§諀㉀远§ՠ
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ö§

㉀﹔§﹔ՠ

ö§
ü ﹔ՠ

§远§㉀§﹔§﹔諀﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§ ﹔㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§远㉀뜘﹔ 
§㉀
﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§
ՠ
§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
ö§
§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ 远﹔远§ 远軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ ㉀ § ՠ§ ӄ
§ ㉀§ 뜘﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§
×⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ⵔⵔⵔðݧ
§ ﹔﹔
§远﹔远远㉀
远ö§
﹔§ՠ㉀軨远§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远ú뜘㉀軨﹔远§
⦸軨﹔§
§﹔﹔蓨§軨
§ՠ﹔姧
§
 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘

ĆnĢ§
§
 ﹔ՠ
§﹔ 
Ū﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远﹔§ՠ远㴴
远﹔

§
軨î§

﹔ 軨ՠ§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远
㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§





Რ






PRE
READING伸OBJECTIVES







Points
for
discussion

ü Ű㉀§⦸ ﹔
§﹔䜜軨﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远远§㉀§﹔ՠŒ§§㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔
远軨﹔§ 远Œ§

ü 㰬 蓨§远§﹔ð﹔ՠ
§远﹔远远㉀
§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§﹔ ㉀﹔§諀﹔§㉀§ ㉀§﹔ՠ
§远﹔远远㉀
Τ
§

ü 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ㉀⦸軨远§㉀

§軨
§ ﹔§﹔ð﹔ՠ
§远﹔远远㉀
Τ


§
Let’s
see


§
﹔ð﹔ՠ
§远﹔远远㉀
§諀§﹔§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§§

Ø ㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔§﹔ՠ蓨§㉀§﹔ՠö§
§

Ø ㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§ 
㴴§⦸﹔ՠ﹔蓨ö§§
Ø ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔﹔蓨ö§
Ø ㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀軨§諀 § ﹔§﹔⦸﹔㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§⦸軨﹔ö§
Ø ㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§远﹔
§㉀§远뜘﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
远§ՠ
§﹔远㉀
远§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
蓨ö§§
Ø ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ § ՠ뜘ՠ§㉀﹔⦸远§
§Ŷ
远 ö§
Ø ㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
§
















STRATEGIES



Point
for
discussion




§§§§§§㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔ð﹔ՠ
§远﹔远远㉀
Τ


§
The
following
strategies
may
be
followed

Ø 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§

Ø
﹔뜘﹔§ՠ远﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§§
Ø Ū㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ
ö§
Ø Ŷ⦸
§㉀ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§
Ű远⦸軨远远㉀
§㉀ § ՠ⦸﹔§远 ﹔﹔§

ĆnĨ§
§



ૼ






THEME
RELATED
INTERACTION
AND
PRODUCING
ORAL
DISCOURSES





Task
§§◤㉀§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§﹔
§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀§n§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§n§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§§ⵔ§远§﹔
§㉀§﹔ ﹔⦸§
 ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ö§


§
§㉀諀§﹔ ﹔⦸§㉀
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ĺ§
§
ü Ūՠ
§ ՠ§⦸軨﹔§﹔§軨远﹔§㉀§﹔⦸§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ
蓨§远⦸㉀軨远﹔Œ§
ü ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§﹔ ㉀﹔§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔Œ§
§

﹔§⦸軨﹔§﹔
§
§ ﹔§﹔


§㉀ §﹔﹔蓨§軨
§远§㉀§﹔§軨远﹔§ՠ远§﹔§ ㉀§远﹔
远
§
 ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§ՠ㉀軨
§諀 ⦸ § ﹔§﹔远远㉀
远§
§ ﹔§軨
§ ՠ﹔§﹔﹔
§諀㉀﹔
ö§§沤㉀뜘﹔뜘﹔远§ ﹔§
⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔
§ ㉀§ 뜘ՠ㴴﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§  ﹔§  蓨뜘﹔ú§ 远㉀蓨ö§
㉀軨 §  ﹔§ ⦸軨﹔§ 远§
﹔
§ ㉀§ ﹔§軨㉀远﹔§㉀ §⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
î§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §§ ㉀§﹔⦸
§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§
㉀ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§﹔ ㉀﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§远§
㴴﹔§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ö§§Ū ﹔
§⦸ՠ
§⦸㉀㉀軨§
 ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ՠ
§ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ö§
﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ 远§⦸軨﹔§諀§远﹔﹔§ՠ远§諀ՠ뜘§軨§ՠ⦸蓨§
㉀§ ﹔
ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ 
§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔远§  ՠ§ ㉀㉀諀ö§ ⵔ
軨ՠ§ ﹔⦸﹔㉀
远§ ՠ
§ ﹔﹔
§
 
㴴
§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ՠ§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ㉀⦸軨远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ ՠ§  远§ 远ՠ﹔ö§ § ﹔§
⦸ ﹔
§ ﹔
 蓨§  ﹔§ ՠ㉀軨远§ ㉀﹔⦸远§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸軨﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ ㉀﹔⦸远§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ՠ §
×諀﹔
§远蓨뜘㉀ݧ㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀远§﹔﹔远﹔

§ ﹔远﹔§㉀﹔⦸远ö§
§
Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§ 沤ՠ
ՠ远§ ՠ﹔﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§  ﹔뜘﹔ð﹔ՠ﹔§ 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ ՠ
§ ㉀軨⦸㉀
§ ㉀ § ㉀ՠ§
远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ﹔ĺ§
§
ü 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

ö§§
ü ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
ü Ū﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
§§§×ՠݧ
§

﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§ 佨ՠ﹔ՠ§ ﹔䜜軨﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸
§  ﹔§  ﹔뜘﹔ð﹔ՠ﹔§ 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
ՠ
§㉀軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §㉀ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ﹔ĺ§
§
ü ⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§⦸軨﹔§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
ü ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ㉀§ ﹔§㴴﹔蓨§諀㉀远î§ ՠ远﹔远§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§ ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ远﹔§
⦸﹔
ՠ蓨ö§
ü §
Suggested
steps
for
transaction


§
Ø 沤﹔﹔⦸§ ՠ§  ﹔뜘﹔§ ⦸軨﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ՠ
蓨§ 軨
§ ㉀ § ՠ§ ⦸ՠ远远ö§ §
﹔§ ⦸軨﹔§ ﹔
§ 
§  ﹔§ ﹔蓨§
﹔


§㉀ §ՠ§軨
§
㴴远§諀 §  ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ú§ 蓨뜘﹔§⦸ՠ
§﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§ ՠ远§ ﹔뜘﹔§
⦸軨﹔§㉀§﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
﹔§⦸軨﹔§﹔⦸远§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§軨
§ՠ
§﹔远§ ﹔§
 
㴴
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔ö§§
Ø ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
Ø ӄ远﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§㰬 ՠ§ 
远ú§﹔远㉀
远úՠ⦸﹔ú§ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§
⦸軨﹔Œ§
Ø ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§﹔
 蓨§㴴﹔蓨§諀㉀远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

ĆnĮ§
§
 Ø
Ø
ӄ远﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§諀 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§㉀
Œ§㉀諀§远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§﹔⦸ö§
﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔
 蓨§㴴﹔蓨§﹔ՠ远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
Ø
Ø
ՠ
﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§
§远﹔䜜軨﹔
ՠ§㉀﹔ö§
Ŷ
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§㉀§軨远﹔§远뜘﹔§諀㉀远§㉀§﹔ ﹔远远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§
Ø Ş远远
§ՠ§远뜘﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ՠ远㴴§×﹔远⦸㉀
§㉀§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
Ýö§
Ø ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ՠ
§﹔⦸§ ﹔§ՠ远远
﹔§ՠ远㴴ö§
Ø ﹔远﹔
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔远㉀
§諀 ⦸ §远§﹔ՠ﹔§
§ՠՠ
⦸﹔ö§
Ø ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§
㉀﹔§㉀諀
§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔远㉀
ö§
§
Note
§
﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ远㴴远§ ՠ
§ ㉀ՠ§ ⦸﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔远远﹔§ ՠ远㴴远§
ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§Ŷ ՠ뜘﹔远§ՠ﹔§㉀﹔§
§﹔㉀§ՠ
远ö§
§










TRANSACTION
OF
A
RHYME䔜POEM




Point
for
discussion

· 㰬 蓨§ 蓨뜘﹔远§ՠ﹔§ՠ軨 Œ§

§

· ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ§ՠ§ 蓨뜘﹔Œ§§

· ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ
§ՠ⦸㉀
§ ㉀§ՠ§ 蓨뜘﹔Œ§
· 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§뜘﹔ՠ
§蓨§⦸ ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨Œ§


§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ĺ§
§
ާ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘§远§ՠ軨 §§
§
ü ㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔
㉀蓨§ ﹔§軨
﹔ö§
ü ㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
ü ㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§
§㉀軨远î§
軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§
§⦸ ㉀軨远ö§
ü ㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔
ՠ⦸§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü ㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§ՠ§
﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú§㉀軨⦸﹔§ՠՠ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ö§
§
Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§沤ՠ
ՠ远§ՠ﹔﹔§ ㉀軨 §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘§ՠ﹔ĺ§

ü 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

ö§§
ü ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
ü ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
ö§
ü Ū﹔ՠ﹔§Ŷ ﹔远远㉀
§
§

﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§佨ՠ﹔ՠ§﹔䜜軨﹔§㉀§ՠ
远ՠ⦸§ՠ§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘§ՠ﹔ĺ§

ü ⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§ ՠ§﹔⦸远§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ö§

ü
ü
ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ㉀§ ﹔§㴴﹔蓨§諀㉀远î§ ՠ远﹔远§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§ ՠ§⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ⦸㉀远远§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ö§
佨ՠ远㴴远§㉀ §⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§㉀§﹔
ՠ⦸§ ﹔§远⦸﹔
﹔远§ ՠ§⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ⦸㉀远远§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü Ş軨㉀§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘§远軨﹔§蓨§沤ŪŶ
§㉀§ՠ
蓨§㉀ ﹔§远㉀軨⦸﹔ö§

ĆnĴ§
§
 ü
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴远§﹔远
﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远ö§
ü
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§㉀諀§㉀ ⦸﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§


沤軨﹔远﹔§远﹔远§ ㉀§ՠ
远ՠ⦸
§ՠ§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ĺ§

ü ⵔ
ՠ§ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§

ü Ű远ՠ蓨
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ú ﹔뜘﹔§ՠ
§﹔⦸
§㴴﹔蓨ú﹔﹔ՠ
§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§﹔ՠ远ö§
ü Ŷ
⦸㉀軨ՠ
§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀§ ﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔远㉀
远﹔远§ ﹔﹔
§ 
§ 뜘㉀ ﹔§ ㉀
軨﹔§ ՠ
§ 뜘﹔ՠð§
 ㉀

§ ﹔§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§
§Ŷ
远 ö§
ü Ŷ⦸
§﹔﹔
§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§蓨§뜘ՠ㴴
§ ﹔뜘§ 
㴴§ՠ
§﹔远㉀
ö§
ü 㰬
§ ﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§﹔ՠ远§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠú§⦸ ՠ§ՠ
§軨﹔
§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§
×諀㉀远ú ՠ远﹔远ú远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ݧ ㉀远⦸ՠ蓨î§
㉀§﹔﹔§蓨§﹔﹔§㉀§諀㉀§蓨§諀㉀§諀 ﹔§諀
§
㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠú§⦸ ՠö§
ü 
㴴
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§﹔⦸﹔§諀 § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü ﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ö§§
ü Ű﹔﹔㉀
§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠî§ §ՠ
蓨ö§
ü Ş﹔뜘
§ ﹔§軨
﹔§蓨§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀㉀諀﹔§蓨§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§軨
﹔§ՠ远§远軨﹔远﹔§蓨§
沤ŪŶ
§㉀§ՠ
蓨§㉀ ﹔§远軨ՠ﹔§軨
﹔ö§
ü 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§﹔⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘
ü ﹔⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘§
§㉀軨远§ՠ
§
軨ՠ蓨ö§
ü Ű远⦸軨远远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü ՠ


§ՠ
§⦸㉀
軨⦸
§⦸ ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü Ş远远

§ ﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
§ՠ远㴴远§ՠ

﹔§ՠ
§ՠ﹔뜘
§ ﹔§﹔ 軨ՠ§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远ö§


Note
§
﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ
§뜘㉀﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§
§ՠ㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§﹔
§
§ ﹔§﹔ §
㉀㉀㴴ö§ Ū﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔远远﹔§ ՠ远㴴远§ 㴴﹔§ ﹔ ﹔

§  ﹔§  蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘î§ ㉀軨⦸
§ ՠ§ ՠՠ﹔§
 蓨뜘﹔ú㉀﹔뜘î§﹔﹔㉀
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§㴴﹔§﹔远⦸㉀
§㉀§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔ú⦸軨﹔§
﹔
§ ㉀§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
§










‘READING’
activity
–
OBJECTIVES





Task




◤㉀§ ㉀軨 §ՠ
蓨§뜘ՠ蓨§⦸ՠ远远§Ŷ
远 §﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀뜘§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§n§㉀§Ĝö§§◤㉀§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§
軨
远§ՠ
§﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ 远î§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ՠ
§ ﹔뜘﹔ö§






Questions
for
discussion

ü 㰬 蓨§ ﹔﹔
§ ﹔뜘﹔远§ՠ﹔§远﹔﹔⦸﹔§ ㉀§﹔ՠ
§﹔ 远Œ§

ü ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §ՠ⦸蓨Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§远﹔远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ㉀㉀諀§㉀§ՠ
远ՠ⦸§ՠ§﹔ՠ
§﹔ Œ§
ü Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔§﹔
﹔§﹔ §⦸㉀

軨㉀軨远蓨Œ§§§
ü ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §
§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§⦸ 軨
㴴远Œ§
ü Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ § 远î§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔
远Œ§

ĆĐĀ§
§
 ü 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔
远§㉀§諀 ﹔§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀§諀 ﹔§蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ §远﹔
蓨Œ§
ü ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§蓨㉀軨§⦸ ﹔
§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔Œ§
ü Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ՠ§⦸ ﹔
§﹔ՠ§ՠ§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§远﹔﹔§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§Œ§§
ü 㰬 ՠ§远ՠ﹔蓨§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ㉀㉀諀§ ㉀§㉀諀ð㉀ ⦸﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远Œ§
§
§
㉀諀§﹔远§远﹔﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ
ö§§
§§
Ø
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§
軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
§㉀軨远ö§
Ø
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§軨远﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨§㉀§軨﹔远远§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

远§㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀远§
§ ﹔§﹔ ö§§
Ø
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔﹔蓨ö§
Ø
㉀§﹔远㉀
§㉀§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔

§ ﹔§﹔ ö§
Ø
㉀§﹔ ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ö§
Ø
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔﹔㉀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ
ö§
Ø
㉀§﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸軨ՠ㉀
§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㴴﹔§⦸ î§㉀⦸﹔î§㉀
﹔§﹔⦸§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§㉀軨§﹔ՠ
§㉀ §
 ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
Ø
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§远﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§㉀ § ﹔§远㉀蓨§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ö§
Ø
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨§諀 §㉀﹔§㉀
﹔§ՠՠ㉀
î§㉀⦸﹔§뜘㉀軨ՠ㉀
ö§§
Ø
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§远﹔
远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
ö§
Ø §
㉀§﹔ ﹔⦸§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§﹔ՠö§§
Ø
㉀§ՠ
ՠ蓨﹔§ ﹔§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§﹔
§ՠ
§
㴴§§諀 § ﹔§﹔远㉀
ՠ§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§
Ø
㉀§﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀諀
§﹔ 远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔
§﹔ ö§
§
Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§沤ՠ
ՠ远§ՠ﹔﹔§ ㉀軨 §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §ՠ﹔§湌§
§
Ø 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

ö§§
Ø ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
Ø ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
ö§

﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§佨ՠ﹔ՠ§﹔䜜軨﹔§㉀§ՠ
远ՠ⦸§ŶŞŰⵔ◤§ՠ﹔ĺ§

Ø ⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§ ՠ§﹔⦸远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ

§㉀㉀
ú§ ﹔§㉀§远⦸﹔
﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ö§
Ø ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ㉀§ ﹔§㴴﹔蓨§諀㉀远î§ ՠ远﹔远§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§ ՠ§⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ⦸㉀远远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§
﹔ ö§
Ø Ū ՠ§諀 §㉀远远ՠ蓨§ ㉀§軨
ՠ뜘ՠ§ú§㴴﹔蓨§諀㉀远ö§
Ø Ū ՠ§諀 §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§ՠ
§ ㉀§﹔ ՠ㉀ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ ö§
Ø Ť
軨ՠ§ՠ
§沤ՠ
ՠ§⦸㉀
ՠ蓨ö§
Ø Ş軨㉀§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §远軨﹔§蓨§沤ŪŶ
§
Ø
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴远§﹔远
﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远ö§
Ø
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§㉀諀§㉀ ⦸﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§§

ĆĐƧ
§















THE
MICRO
PROCESS
OF
READING

Ø Initial
Interaction
§ 諀 ՠ﹔﹔§  ՠ§ 远§ ㉀

﹔§ ㉀§ 远ՠ§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远ö§
﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ 远ՠ§ 蓨§

远

§ՠ§远㉀
î§⦸ՠ⦸㴴
§ՠ§㉀㴴﹔î§ՠ諀
§远㉀뜘﹔ 
§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠî§远 ㉀諀
§ՠ
蓨§뜘ՠ﹔ՠî§

Ø Displaying
the
Picture
chart
relevant
to
the
portion
of
the
reading
text
§§远§﹔﹔§㉀§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§﹔⦸ö§

軨远﹔§ՠ§⦸ ՠ§ ՠ§﹔ ﹔⦸远§ ﹔§﹔远远﹔

⦸﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §㉀§諀 ⦸ §﹔ՠ远§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §
远 ㉀軨§﹔§远﹔﹔⦸﹔§蓨§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀§远ՠ蓨§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
Ø Interaction
based
on
the
picture䔜theme
and
eliciting
key䔜relevant
vocabulary
and

ideas
§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远§远軨﹔远﹔§㉀§ ㉀㉀諀§ ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§뜘﹔
㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔뜘﹔§⦸軨﹔§
远§㉀§﹔§ ㉀㉀諀﹔§ ﹔﹔§㉀§﹔⦸§㴴﹔蓨ú﹔﹔ՠ
§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§㴴﹔蓨§﹔ՠ远ö§
﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
ՠ远§㉀§ ՠ뜘﹔§諀﹔§ ㉀뜘﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§Ŷ
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§﹔§ ﹔§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§﹔﹔
§

§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔î§㉀﹔§﹔䜜軨ՠ﹔
§諀㉀§
§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
§远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§諀㉀§ՠ㉀軨§諀 §㉀﹔§
㉀
軨
⦸ՠ㉀
î§ 諀 ⦸ § 远§ ⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ远§ 뜘﹔ՠ§  ㉀

ö§ Ŷ⦸§ ﹔﹔
§ ﹔远㉀
远﹔远§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§
⦸ ﹔
ö§
Ø Writing
the
relevant
responses
on
the
board
§ ⦸ ﹔
§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀軨§ 諀 § 뜘ՠ
蓨§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远î§諀﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠúՠ
§﹔뜘蓨§⦸ ՠö§㰬 ﹔§諀
§㉀
§ ﹔§
㉀ՠî§뜘﹔ՠ ㉀
﹔§ ﹔뜘ö§ӄ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§×諀㉀远ú ՠ远﹔远ú远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ݧ ㉀远⦸ՠ蓨î§
㉀§
﹔﹔§蓨§﹔﹔§㉀§諀㉀§蓨§諀㉀ö§
Ø Linking
the
ideas§諀 § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §ՠ
§沤﹔⦸ 蓨
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§㉀㉀
§㉀§﹔§﹔ՠö§




皤










INDIVIDUAL
READING





Point
for
discussion§
§
㰬 蓨§ՠ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ § 远Œ§
㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔ ﹔⦸§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ§ 远§軨
⦸軨﹔Œ§
§
§
Ø Ş远㴴§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀§﹔ՠ§
軨ՠ蓨ö§§
Ø ◤﹔§㉀﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§湌§
ü
⦸㴴§ ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ú諀㉀远§蓨㉀軨§諀﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔ՠö§
ü ⵔ﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远ú§㉀⦸ՠ㉀
î§﹔﹔
远§ú§ՠ㉀軨﹔远§
§ ﹔§远㉀蓨ö§
§
Ū ﹔
§뜘ՠ蓨§远軨﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ ﹔§﹔ § § ﹔§﹔ §远§﹔蓨§﹔
远﹔ö§§Ť軨§ ﹔蓨§
諀§远﹔
§远㉀뜘﹔§뜘﹔§諀 § ﹔§﹔ î§﹔﹔㉀§
뜘ՠ⦸蓨§諀 § ﹔§﹔ §ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ
§ՠ﹔뜘§㉀§㉀⦸ՠ﹔§
远㉀뜘﹔§諀㉀远î§﹔ՠ远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔ ö§§

· Checking
comprehension
§ՠ远㴴§远§ՠ§ ﹔諀§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀§㉀﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远㴴远§
§

㉀§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§ ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔

远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§

· Providing
further
support
to
low伸proficient
learners
in
the
following
manner


§

ĆĐn§
§
 Ø §ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸
§諀 § ﹔§㉀諀ð§㉀ ⦸﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀§﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§远軨ð﹔ ö§Ş§远軨ð﹔ §远§ՠ§
﹔ § ՠ§远§﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§軨
§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§諀 § ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§§ⵔ§远§ ﹔§﹔远远﹔
⦸﹔§㉀ §

Ø 㰬
§ ﹔§远軨ð﹔ §㉀
§ŤŤ§ú§㉀
§⦸ ՠ§ú§
§ ﹔§
㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§
 ﹔§㉀
ՠ§﹔ §
§远§远뜘﹔远§ ㉀뜘ö§

Ø Ş远㴴
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀§ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远軨ð﹔ §諀 § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §
§
Example
§§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ㉀軨﹔远§﹔
§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
軨뜘﹔§ĜƧ㉀ §⦸ՠ远远ð§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴ö§§
§§
§§﹔§ ﹔§㉀
ՠ§﹔ §﹔§湌§§§
§
§
³远 ﹔뜘ՠ
­§㰬 蓨§ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ 远㉀§ 远ՠŒ³§ՠ远㴴﹔§  ﹔§ ö§ ՠ
ՠՠ § ㉀§远軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ ﹔§§
ՠ㴴
ö§
³㰬 ㉀§ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨›§뜘ՠ蓨§ⵔ§㴴
㉀諀§蓨㉀軨î§
﹔§◤﹔ՠ§Œ³§
³ⵔÑ뜘§ ﹔§㴴
§㉀ §远﹔ՠ远ö³§
³
﹔§䇼
§㉀ §Ť远­§Ūՠ
§蓨㉀軨§ ﹔§ 远§㉀§뜘ՠ
Œ³§
³㉀諀Œ³§
³Ū㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ远﹔§﹔§뜘﹔§ՠ§§ 远 §﹔﹔蓨§ՠ蓨Œ³§
³◤ՠ
﹔ö§
﹔§§ 远 §諀§﹔§ՠ§蓨㉀軨§ 軨§﹔﹔蓨§ՠ蓨³§远ՠ§ ﹔§§ՠ
§ ﹔諀§ՠ諀ՠ蓨ö§
§
§

﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ
§﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远軨§﹔ §㴴﹔ĺ§
§
§

﹔§ § ՠ远㴴﹔§ ՠ
ՠՠ § 諀 蓨§ ﹔§ 諀ՠ远§ 远ՠö§ ՠ
ՠՠ § ㉀§  ﹔§ §  ՠ§ ﹔§ ﹔⦸ՠ뜘﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ
§
⦸㉀軨§
㉀§⦸ՠ⦸ § 远 ö§§﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔§ ﹔§§ ㉀§ՠ§ 远 §﹔﹔蓨§ՠ蓨ö§
﹔§§ՠ
﹔§ 远§諀远 ö§
§
§
· Presentation
of
the
audio
input
of
the
text
supplied
by
SCERT
§
﹔§ 沤ŪŶ
§ ՠ远§
﹔﹔㉀﹔ §ՠ軨㉀ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ § ㉀ §ՠ § ﹔ §﹔远远㉀
远 §㉀ § ﹔ §﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö §
﹔ §远軨﹔
 §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ §远 §
远軨﹔远﹔§㉀§﹔远﹔
§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§
軨§ ㉀§ ﹔§㉀㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ö§
§












COLLABORATIVE
READING

§
Point
for
discussion§
§
ü ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
Τ
ü 㰬 ՠ§ՠ远㴴远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔ú⦸㉀
軨⦸§
§㉀軨远Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§㉀§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§
§㉀軨远Œ§
ü 㰬 蓨§远 ㉀軨§諀﹔§㉀§ ㉀§﹔ՠ
§
§㉀軨远Œ§
§
§
沤㉀⦸ՠ§ 远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀远§ 蓨㉀远㴴蓨§ ㉀㉀軨
﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀
⦸﹔§ ㉀ § ۧ ×㉀
﹔§ ㉀ § ㉀ 뜘ՠ§
Ű﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ݧ 諀 ⦸ § ՠ㉀⦸ՠ﹔远§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ﹔ 
﹔§  ﹔§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§  ㉀軨 §
⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
ö§§Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远 ՠ
§諀§ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ⦸﹔ö§﹔
⦸﹔î§ ﹔§ 远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ﹔§ 远軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀§

ĆĐЧ
§
﹔§⦸ ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§远§
§㉀軨远§ՠ
§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§ 軨 ﹔§
远軨﹔远﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔﹔§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀﹔
﹔㉀軨远§뜘﹔뜘﹔远§×諀 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§﹔﹔远ݧ
§
ՠ§㉀軨§远㉀§ ՠ§ ﹔§㉀諀§㉀ ⦸﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§諀§﹔§﹔
﹔ ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§  §㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
﹔﹔§﹔ՠ

§諀§ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ⦸﹔ö§§沤軨﹔
远§諀 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§
㉀
§㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀§﹔§
ՠ§ ⦸ ՠ
⦸﹔§ ㉀§ 
﹔ՠ⦸§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ﹔﹔远§ ×⦸ՠ远远뜘ՠ﹔远Ýö§ §
﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 뜘㉀
㉀远§ ㉀﹔蓨§  ﹔§
㉀軨§ 諀㉀㴴ö§ §
﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔远§  ﹔§ 远 ՠ
§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔諀﹔﹔
§  ﹔§
㉀軨远ö§§Ū ﹔
§ՠ﹔§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨§﹔
§
§ ﹔§
Ť§ՠ
§﹔﹔㉀﹔§蓨§
 ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ՠ㉀
ՠ蓨ö§
﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§蓨§㉀远
§諀﹔§ ՠ뜘﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀§
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§
ü 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
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Τ
ü Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ
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
뜀







EXTRAPOLATING
THE
TEXT







Point
for
discussion

ü Ű㉀﹔远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§㉀⦸﹔远远§远㉀§諀 §⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
Τ

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§﹔蓨㉀
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
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Τ
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軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
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軨ՠ﹔Œ§





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Note
§ ﹔ ﹔§ ĐöĢ§ ㉀ § ՠ﹔ð§ ㉀ § ⵔ§ Űö§ Ŷö§ Ŷק ㉀ ⦸﹔
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远 ݧ ㉀§ ﹔
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﹔ՠ
§﹔ ՠ㉀ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ ö§
Reading
aloud
the
text


§

ü 㰬 蓨§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ 远§㉀§﹔§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨Œ§
Point
for
discussion

ü 㰬 ՠ§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀远﹔﹔§ ㉀軨 §㉀軨§﹔ՠ

Œ§
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远Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀﹔§㉀§蓨㉀軨§⦸ ﹔
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Œ§
§

ĆĐĜ§
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Note




﹔§远軨﹔
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﹔§ ﹔ § 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ ՠ
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§ ՠ§ 远
﹔§ 远﹔⦸ § 蓨§
㉀㉀諀
§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§㉀⦸﹔軨﹔ö§§
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§ ㉀§  ㉀远﹔§ ﹔
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ՠ

﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ﹔蓨§諀 ﹔﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸㉀

﹔ §﹔뜘ՠ
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
Რ









GRAPHIC
READING
FOR
THE
BIGINNERS

§


Point
for
discussion


§
ü ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ ㉀远﹔﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀ § ՠ﹔§ Ė§ ㉀§ Ĝ§ ﹔
 蓨§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ 諀㉀远§ 㴴﹔§ 㰬㉀î§
軨﹔远î§ ﹔§ՠ
§远﹔﹔㴴î§ ﹔ՠ§ՠ
§远 ㉀軨﹔远Œ§§
ü ㉀諀§㉀§ ﹔蓨§﹔ՠ§ ㉀远﹔§諀㉀远Œ§§§
ü Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴î§ ﹔蓨§﹔ՠ§諀 §远﹔
远Œ§§§
ü 㰬 ՠ§远§远軨⦸ §﹔ՠ
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远 ՠ뜘㉀㉀§远ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔⦸§ ㉀軨 §ՠ ⦸§﹔ՠ
§ ㉀軨 § ﹔蓨§㉀§
㉀§㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§ՠ ՠ﹔§ՠ
§远﹔
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远§ 远§ ⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ ⦸§ ﹔ՠ

§ ﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ﹔⦸㉀
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﹔§
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§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
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뜘ՠ㴴﹔§  ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§ ՠ
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§ 뜘﹔ՠ
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§ ՠ§諀㉀§ ՠ
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§ ﹔§ՠ ՠ﹔ö§◤ՠ ⦸§諀
§뜘﹔ՠ
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蓨§㉀⦸﹔远远§⦸㉀
⦸î§ ՠ§远î§諀 ㉀軨§
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§⦸﹔ՠ远﹔远§ § ﹔§⦸ §远§ ՠ뜘ՠ§諀 § ﹔§ՠ ՠ﹔ö§
§
Organic
Reading




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远 § ﹔﹔远ö§§沤㉀뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔뜘§⦸ՠ
§ 諀﹔§ՠ§
﹔諀§ ﹔﹔远§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ՠ ՠ﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ 諀§
㉀⦸﹔§  ՠ§ Ŷ
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GRAPHIC
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Რ






PROCESS
OF
DISCOURSE
CONSTRUCTION

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nÝ Ű﹔﹔㉀§ՠ§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§﹔
§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
軨뜘﹔§ĆĖ§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远ðn§Ŷ
远 §
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§×ՠݧ
ĐÝ Ű﹔﹔㉀§ՠ§远㉀蓨§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§﹔
§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
軨뜘﹔§ĮƧ㉀ §⦸ՠ远远ðЧ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§×ՠݧ
ĖÝ
ՠ远㴴ðۧ㉀
§ՠ﹔§
軨뜘﹔§nn§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远ðĖ§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§×諀﹔
ݧ
ĜÝ Ş§
ՠ远㴴§﹔
§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
軨뜘﹔§Ėn§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远ðĜ§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§×諀﹔
ݧ
§
§沤軨﹔远﹔§远﹔远§ ㉀§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ĺ§
§
Ø ⵔ﹔
 蓨
§ՠ
§ՠ远远

§ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ՠ远㴴ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔ð⦸軨﹔§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§
﹔ ö§
Ø 㰬
§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§㉀
§ ﹔§Ťՠ⦸㴴㉀ՠ§ՠ
§ՠ远㴴
§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§⦸㉀蓨§ú远軨
§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§㉀
§
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远ö§
















INDIVIDUAL
WRITING

§
Ø Ŷ
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§ՠ﹔뜘§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§
軨ՠ蓨ö§
Ø ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ §㉀ § ﹔§ՠ远㴴ö§§×ՠՠՠ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ远远ՠ﹔ú§⦸軨﹔ݧ
Ø Ş远㴴§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔§﹔ՠ远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§﹔﹔
远î§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远î§㉀⦸ՠ㉀
î§ՠ㉀軨﹔远§
﹔⦸ö§
Ø Ş远㴴§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀§远﹔
远﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀
§远㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远﹔§ՠ远㴴ö§§
Ø ㉀﹔§远軨㉀§㉀§㉀諀§㉀ ⦸﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
Ø ㉀﹔§㉀㉀軨
蓨§ ㉀§
軨ՠ§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
ö§
Ø ◤﹔§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
ö§
Ø ⵔ
﹔§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§㉀ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§






ૼ








REFINEMENT
THROUGH
COLLABORATION

Ø ㉀
§ ㉀§﹔ 

§ ﹔§
軨ՠ§諀㉀㴴§
§㉀軨远ö§

Ø ◤﹔§㉀﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
远§㉀
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
ĺ§
ü ㉀諀§㉀§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§諀﹔
§諀㉀㴴Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ 
远§㉀§﹔§ՠ㴴﹔
§⦸ՠ﹔§㉀ §諀 ﹔§諀
§×⦸ ﹔⦸㴴
§뜘远远
§諀㉀远î§
﹔ ⦸﹔远远§諀㉀远î§㉀﹔§諀㉀§ ㉀뜘远î§軨远
§㉀﹔§軨
⦸軨ՠ㉀
远î§㉀ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
㉀
远§㉀ §
諀
ÝŒ§

ĆĐĮ§
§
 ü 㰬 ﹔ ﹔§ՠ§뜘﹔뜘﹔远§ՠ﹔§諀
§㉀諀
§ ﹔§㉀軨§㉀軨⦸§
§ ﹔§
㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴远§㉀
§ՠ§
远﹔ՠՠ﹔§ՠ﹔Œ§
ü 㰬 ㉀§諀§﹔远﹔
§ ﹔§諀㉀㴴§
§ ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远Œ§
Ø 佨㉀
㉀
§ ﹔§㉀軨§諀㉀㴴§㉀§﹔
远軨﹔§㉀﹔§⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
ö§
Ø ㉀
§远㉀远§ ㉀§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§蓨§ ﹔§㉀軨远ö§
Ø ◤
§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴ö§
Ø ﹔远﹔

§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ远㴴ö§
Ø ㉀
§㉀諀
§蓨§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
ö§
§










EDITING
THE
WRITTEN
DISCOURSES

§
Point
for
discussion§
§
㰬 ՠ§蓨﹔§㉀ §﹔㉀远§ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§蓨§⦸ ﹔
§諀 ﹔§ՠ﹔뜘
§ ﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远Œ§
㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔㉀远§뜘ՠ﹔§蓨§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远Œ§
㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§뜘﹔ՠ
§蓨§﹔
§ՠ§諀﹔
§㉀軨⦸Œ§
§


Note
§§﹔ ﹔§ĖöĜ§㉀ §㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§
§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
㰬 ﹔§諀
î§远㉀뜘﹔§﹔㉀远§ՠ﹔§㉀远﹔﹔§
§﹔뜘远§㉀ §§諀㉀§㉀﹔î§ ﹔뜘﹔î§﹔⦸ö§§
Ŷ
î§ ㉀軨 §§ՠ﹔ՠ远§㉀§﹔§ ﹔§ՠ远§远ՠ﹔§㉀ §远⦸㉀軨远﹔§⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
î§远§ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ
§
远ՠ﹔ö§§Ŷ
§ՠ§諀﹔
§﹔ §ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ⦸﹔§
§ ㉀軨§远ՠ﹔远ö§§
ü
﹔뜘ՠ⦸§﹔
§
ü沤蓨
ՠ⦸⦸§﹔
§
ü
ü
佨㉀ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ§﹔
§
Ŷ
§远﹔
§ՠ
§軨
⦸軨ՠ㉀
§﹔㉀远ö§
§
㰬﹔§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§諀 ﹔ ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ §远§ ㉀⦸軨远
§㉀
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§㉀§
㉀ö§
﹔§諀﹔§远 ㉀軨§
㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§
㉀뜘§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔ö§§Ŷ﹔蓨§ՠՠՠ §远 ㉀軨§﹔§軨§ՠ㉀軨
§ՠ§㴴﹔蓨§㉀
ö§§
﹔§远軨㉀
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§
远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨§ 軨§ ՠ㉀軨
§  ﹔§ 㴴﹔蓨§ ﹔ՠö§ 㰬﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ՠ远㉀§ ⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§  ՠ§  ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§
⦸㉀
ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀§ ﹔§뜘ՠ
§ ﹔뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ ö§§
沤蓨
ՠ⦸⦸§﹔
§远§ ﹔§ 뜘㉀﹔뜘﹔
§㉀ §諀㉀§㉀﹔ö§§沤蓨
ՠ §뜘﹔ՠ
远§ ﹔§ ՠՠ
﹔뜘﹔
§㉀ §
諀㉀远§ ՠ
§  ՠ远﹔远§ ㉀§ ⦸﹔ՠ﹔§ 諀﹔ð ㉀뜘﹔§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ 
§ ՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ § 沤﹔ՠ㴴
§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨î§
远蓨
ՠ § 远§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔⦸§ ð§ ﹔§ ՠ﹔﹔뜘﹔
§ 
§ ﹔远㉀
§ ՠ
§
軨뜘﹔ö§ § 㰬 ﹔§ ﹔
§  ﹔§ ﹔ 远î§ 諀﹔§
远 ㉀軨§远﹔﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ §远§﹔远﹔
﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔远§諀㉀§㉀﹔ö§§㰬﹔§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§諀 ﹔ ﹔§ ﹔§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§⦸㉀뜘蓨§諀 §semanticsö§沤﹔뜘ՠ
⦸远§﹔远§뜘﹔ՠ

§ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ㉀
§ՠ뜘㉀
§諀㉀远ö§§
㉀§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔î§㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§諀㉀§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ĺ§
§㰬﹔§﹔ՠ§远⦸軨远ö§㰬﹔§
㴴§远⦸軨远ö§§

ĆĐĴ§
§
 ⵔ
§  ﹔§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ 㰬﹔§ 
㴴§ 远⦸軨远§  ㉀軨 § 远§ 远軨⦸軨﹔§ 远§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨§ ⦸㉀﹔⦸§  ﹔§
諀㉀远§远⦸軨远§ՠ
§
㴴§諀㉀
§ՠ﹔﹔§諀 §㉀
﹔§ՠ
㉀ ﹔ö§沤㉀î§諀﹔§﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§諀﹔ð ㉀뜘﹔
﹔远远§㉀ §
 ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§远軨⦸軨﹔远ö§§㰬﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§⦸ ՠ
﹔§ ﹔§諀㉀ð㉀﹔î§﹔﹔﹔§ ﹔§軨

﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§諀㉀远§ՠ
§
远﹔§
 ﹔§﹔﹔§諀㉀远§諀 ﹔﹔﹔§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨ö§§

ⵔ
§
軨远⦸远

morphology§远 § ﹔ §远軨蓨 §㉀ §諀㉀远î § ㉀諀 § ﹔蓨 §ՠ﹔ § ㉀뜘﹔î §ՠ
 § ﹔ §
﹔ՠ㉀
远 §㉀§㉀ ﹔§諀㉀远§
§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§Ű軨
§ ﹔§远ՠ﹔§㉀ §뜘㉀ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ§﹔
î§諀﹔§
㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀§ ﹔㉀远§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ 諀㉀§ ㉀뜘远§ 远軨⦸ § ՠ远§ ﹔
远﹔§ ㉀뜘远î§ ﹔  ﹔远î§ՠ﹔﹔뜘﹔
§ ՠ
§ ﹔﹔ö§ §
﹔§
諀﹔远§⦸㉀軨远§㉀ §㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§远§뜘㉀ՠ
§ ㉀§⦸ ㉀㉀远
§ ﹔§諀㉀远§ ㉀§ 远ú ﹔§﹔ ö§§
﹔§ՠ軨﹔
⦸﹔§
﹔﹔§ՠ远㉀§远 ㉀軨§﹔§㴴﹔§
§뜘
§諀 ﹔§⦸ ㉀㉀远
§ ﹔§諀㉀远ö§§
Ŷ
§軨
⦸軨ՠ㉀
远§ ՠ
§ 远﹔
§﹔㉀远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔§ 
ՠ§ 远ՠ﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ 諀
§㉀⦸﹔远远ö§
軨
⦸軨ՠ㉀
§远§﹔蓨§뜘㉀ՠ
§ՠ远§§⦸ՠ
§⦸ ՠ
﹔§ ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

ö§§㰬㉀
§远﹔
远§諀§⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ՠ§
㉀§㉀ §﹔뜘ՠՠ远远뜘﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔远§諀 ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ 远ö§§
佨ՠ
蓨§㉀㉀§ 諀﹔远§ ՠ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ﹔远§﹔远﹔⦸﹔§諀 ﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔
ö§§
﹔蓨§ՠ远远﹔远远§
諀 ﹔ ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§諀㉀軨§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§ ㉀㉀諀§ 远ú ﹔§﹔ՠ远§⦸㉀﹔⦸蓨ö§§ⵔ§远§ՠ諀ՠ蓨远§﹔﹔§㉀§﹔§㉀軨§
㉀諀
§﹔ 远§ՠ ﹔§ՠ§﹔㉀§㉀ §뜘﹔ö§§㰬﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§㉀軨§諀
远§﹔﹔§蓨§㉀軨§﹔﹔远ö§§

Editing
discourses
in
terms
of
conventions
of
writing


﹔§⦸ՠ
§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ§㉀㉀§諀﹔§諀 ﹔
§ ﹔§﹔远§ ﹔§远㴴§㉀ §﹔
§ 远§㉀諀
§﹔ 远§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§
㉀ ﹔§﹔ 远ö§§Ş远§諀
§远§﹔﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸î§﹔
§远§ՠ远㉀§﹔﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸ö§㰬﹔§⦸ՠ
§
㉀§﹔ ﹔⦸§ՠ§⦸ՠ远远ðĜ§
⦸ §㉀§軨远﹔§远﹔뜘ð⦸㉀㉀
§㉀﹔蓨ö§㉀﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §远﹔뜘ð⦸㉀㉀
§⦸ՠ
§﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§蓨§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远ðĴö§

﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§⦸﹔ՠ
§⦸㉀
﹔
㉀
远§諀 ⦸ §諀﹔§ ՠ﹔§㉀§ ㉀㉀諀§諀 ﹔§諀
§ ﹔﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§§Ŷՠ⦸ §
远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ՠ远§远§㉀諀
§㉀﹔﹔远§軨§ ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀
§ 
远§諀 ⦸ §諀﹔§ ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀
远﹔§
諀 ﹔§﹔
§
§﹔뜘远§㉀ §⦸㉀
﹔
㉀
远§㉀ §諀
ö§§

﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ 諀 ㉀§ 諀﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§軨远﹔§㉀﹔§⦸ՠՠՠ㉀
§㉀ §﹔﹔远§諀 ﹔§ 諀
§㉀﹔§

㉀軨
远§ՠ
§ՠ远㉀§諀 ﹔﹔﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔ö§§
﹔蓨§远 ㉀軨§軨远﹔§ 軨§远㉀§×ՠ远㉀§⦸ՠ﹔§﹔㉀ݧՠ§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀ §
 ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ö§§㰬 ﹔§﹔
§諀﹔§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§諀 ﹔ ﹔§軨
⦸軨ՠ㉀
§뜘ՠ㴴远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§⦸㉀뜘뜘ՠî§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§뜘ՠ㴴î§䜜軨㉀ՠ㉀
§뜘ՠ㴴远î§﹔ ⦸ՠ뜘ՠ㉀蓨§뜘ՠ㴴远î§ՠ㉀远㉀ ﹔î§ 蓨 ﹔
î§⦸㉀㉀
î§远﹔뜘ð⦸㉀㉀
§ՠ
§
ՠ﹔
 ﹔远远§×軨
§諀㉀远§諀 
§ՠ⦸㴴﹔远ݧՠ﹔§㉀﹔蓨§軨远﹔ö§§㰬 ﹔§﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§§远§ՠ远㉀§
뜘㉀ՠ
§㉀§远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔ ﹔§ ﹔§諀﹔§ ՠ远§㉀軨⦸﹔§ ﹔§﹔ §諀 ㉀軨§远﹔
§﹔㉀远ö§ӄ远﹔§㉀ §㉀﹔§
ՠ﹔ՠ㉀
远§ՠ
§ՠ⦸㉀
蓨뜘远§远§ՠ远㉀§뜘㉀ՠ
§ ㉀§ՠ§㉀㉀§﹔⦸﹔§㉀ §諀
ö§§㉀﹔§远ՠ⦸﹔§﹔諀﹔﹔
§
諀㉀远î§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ
§ՠՠՠ 远§远§﹔远远﹔
ՠ§ ㉀§
﹔蓨§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ 远ö§§§

Editing
discourses
in
terms
of
syntax
and
word
level
grammar

§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§諀﹔
§﹔ §ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔§﹔
§ ﹔§远蓨
ՠ §ՠ
§
諀㉀§﹔﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§§
§
ü
﹔§远軨⦸軨﹔§㉀ § ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ö§
ü 沤軨㉀
ՠ㉀
§×ӄ远
§ՠ﹔ՠ§⦸㉀

﹔⦸﹔远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§諀 ﹔
î§ î§ՠ远î§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔î§远
⦸﹔î§﹔⦸öݧ
ü Ū㉀뜘﹔뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
ö§×ⵔ§ 
㴴§ ՠ§湌湌ݧ
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §⦸㉀
軨
⦸㉀
远ö§
ü Ŷ⦸ՠ§⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
远ö§×﹔ՠ
§㉀軨§远㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远ݧ

ĆĖĀ§
§
 ü Ū﹔ 远ö§×ⵔ§远§軨﹔§ ՠ§湌湌湌湌öݧ
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ軨远﹔远§§
ü Ŷ뜘﹔
§ ×Ŷmbedding§远§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ 蓨§ 諀 ⦸ § ㉀
﹔§ ⦸ՠ軨远﹔§远§ 
⦸軨﹔§ ×embeddedݧ 
§
ՠ
㉀ ﹔ö§Ş远㉀§㴴
㉀諀
§ՠ远§nestingöݧ
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §ՠ远远﹔§ ㉀뜘远§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §
㉀軨
§ ՠ远﹔§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §﹔㉀远㉀
ՠ§ ՠ远﹔§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §ՠ﹔ՠ§ ՠ远﹔§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §﹔§ ՠ远﹔§﹔⦸ö§
§

﹔远﹔§ՠ﹔ՠ远§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§ՠ㴴﹔
§⦸ՠ﹔§㉀ §諀 ﹔§﹔
§ ﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ㉀
§諀 § ﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远ö§§
§
Editing
discourses
in
terms
of
morphology




㰬﹔§﹔§ ﹔§﹔ 远§
§﹔뜘远§㉀ §뜘㉀ ㉀㉀蓨§ՠ远㉀ö§§ⵔ
§뜘㉀ ﹔뜘﹔ðՠ远﹔§뜘㉀ ㉀㉀蓨î§諀㉀§ ㉀뜘远§
ՠ﹔§ՠ
ՠ蓨﹔§ՠ远§ՠՠ
﹔뜘﹔
远§㉀ §뜘㉀ ﹔뜘﹔远ö§Ş§뜘㉀ ﹔뜘﹔§远§﹔ 
﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔§뜘
뜘ՠ§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§
軨
§ ㉀ § ՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ § 佨㉀ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ§ ﹔
§ 뜘﹔ՠ
远§ ﹔
§  ﹔§ ﹔ 远§ 远軨⦸軨﹔§ ՠ§ 諀㉀§ ﹔﹔ö§
Ű軨
§ ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §﹔
î§諀﹔§蓨§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§﹔ 远§㉀
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§
§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §﹔  ﹔远§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §远軨  ﹔远§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §﹔
远﹔§ ㉀뜘远§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §ՠ軨 ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ远§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §ՠ远﹔⦸远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§㉀﹔远远﹔î§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ՠ
§ՠ远远﹔§
ü Ş﹔﹔뜘﹔
§
§ՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§×§﹔諀﹔﹔
§﹔远㉀
î§
軨뜘﹔§ՠ
§﹔
﹔ݧ
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §﹔ ﹔ ﹔远§ՠ
§﹔⦸㉀⦸ՠ远ö§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §◤﹔軨
远§§
ü Ū㉀뜘㉀軨
§諀㉀远§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ § ՠ远ՠ§﹔远§
ü Ū㉀㉀⦸ՠ㉀
远ö§
ü ӄ远﹔§㉀ §㉀뜘远§﹔⦸ö§
§

﹔§ ﹔远㉀
§ ㉀
§ ﹔
§ ՠ§ 諀﹔
§ ﹔ § 远 ㉀軨§ 㴴﹔﹔§ 
§ 뜘
§  ﹔§ ﹔远﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§ ㉀ §
 ﹔﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ㉀
§諀 § ﹔§㉀
远§远軨﹔远﹔§ՠ㉀﹔ö§
§












PUBLISHING
CHILDREN’S
PRODUCTS

§
Ū ﹔
§ 諀﹔§ 远㉀﹔远î§ ㉀﹔뜘远§ ՠ
§ ㉀軨⦸﹔§  ﹔﹔
§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ⦸ՠՠ﹔远ö§

﹔远﹔§ 諀
远§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ ﹔ 
﹔§  ㉀軨 § ⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
§ 
§ ㉀軨远§ ՠ
§ 諀 ㉀﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远§ 
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
沤㉀뜘﹔뜘﹔远§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ远㉀§ ⦸㉀﹔⦸§ 軨远﹔ 軨§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ՠ
§ 远ՠ蓨远§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ 諀ՠ§ 뜘ՠՠ
﹔远ö§
﹔远﹔§
㉀軨⦸远§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ ﹔§ 軨远 ﹔§ ՠ远§ § ㉀㉀㴴远î§ ⦸ՠ远远§ 뜘ՠՠ
﹔远î§ ㉀§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀§ 뜘ՠՠ
﹔远î§ Ű远⦸§
⦸ ﹔
远§﹔ՠ軨﹔§ 뜘ՠՠ
﹔远§﹔⦸ö§諀 ⦸ § 諀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§㉀§﹔﹔㉀§ ﹔ՠ
§远㴴远§ՠ
§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§
 ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
§

ĆĖƧ
§


皤






DEALING
WITH
TEXTUAL
EXERCISES

§ §
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§远﹔远§㉀§﹔ՠ§諀 §﹔ 軨ՠ§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远ö§

Ø ⵔ
ՠ§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
§

Ø ﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔ö§
Ø ⵔ
軨ՠ§ՠ﹔뜘§蓨§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
ö§
Ø ㉀
§ՠ远远远ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀§ ㉀远﹔§諀 ㉀§﹔䜜軨﹔§远軨㉀ö§
Ø 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
Ø 㰬
§ ﹔§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀§ՠ
远諀﹔远§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠö§
Ø Ş远㴴
§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§
㉀﹔§㉀諀
ö§
Ø Ş远远

§远㉀뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ远㴴远§ՠ远§ ㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远㴴远ö§
§
§﹔远§远⦸軨远远§ ㉀諀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§ՠ
远ՠ⦸﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
§
Vocabulary



㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ 远§  ﹔§ ⦸軨 § ㉀ § ՠ
蓨§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔î§ ﹔远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ § ﹔
⦸﹔î§ 远軨ՠ﹔§
﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§ՠ㉀﹔§㉀§
㉀軨⦸﹔§ ﹔뜘§㉀﹔蓨§ՠ
§㉀§﹔⦸§㉀§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§諀㉀远ö§
§
§§
ՠ㴴﹔§ ՠ§ ⦸軨﹔ö§ § Ŷ⦸§ 諀㉀远ú§  ՠ远﹔远§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ⦸軨﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§  ﹔뜘﹔§  ㉀軨 §

﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§蓨§ՠ远㴴
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㴴﹔§
§
§ 㰬 ՠ§㉀﹔⦸远ú§ 
远ú﹔远㉀
远úՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§§§§§
ק
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §㉀﹔⦸远î§ 
远î§﹔远㉀
远§×
㉀軨
远Ýî§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §ՠ⦸㉀
远§×﹔远Ýö§
§
§ ㉀諀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨Œ§
×㉀﹔⦸远ú 
远ú﹔远㉀
远ݧ
§
§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨Œ§§×ՠ﹔⦸﹔远ݛ§§
§
§ ㉀諀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
远Œ§§§×ՠ﹔远ݧ
§
§§ ⵔ
§ 远§諀ՠ蓨§蓨§
﹔ՠ⦸
§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ
§﹔§﹔⦸﹔ö§§
§
﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ ﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§ ՠ㉀軨远§㉀﹔⦸远§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ՠ
§ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸远§諀 §  ﹔§
ՠ §㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀远§﹔﹔远﹔

§ ﹔远﹔§㉀﹔⦸远ö§
§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§⦸軨﹔§远§軨远﹔ 軨§㉀§﹔⦸§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§§
§

§§§§§§§§Insert
the
Picture

My
World
in
English伸Რ

Page
no

ૼ傈

Ø 㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔远ú﹔远㉀
远ú 
远úՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§

ĆĖn§
§

﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔⦸§  ﹔§ 諀㉀远§ 㴴﹔§ § school, building, rooms, tiles, windows, doors,
children, boys, girls, uniform, shirt, short, skirt, school bag, houses, road, trees, slippers, shoe,
socks, gate, compound wall, walking, talking, carrying, etc.

 ՠ远﹔远§㴴﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§﹔⦸﹔ĺ§

Two boys, two girls, boys and girls, children in uniform, children with school bags, by walk, on
foot etc.

﹔﹔§远§ՠ§㉀远远蓨§㉀ §﹔﹔㉀
§ՠ§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔î§远⦸ ㉀㉀î§远⦸ ㉀㉀§ՠ§﹔⦸ö§§

Concept
mapping§远§ՠ§远ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §﹔⦸
§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ㉀軨§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§⦸㉀
⦸﹔ö§§

﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§ ㉀§ ՠ諀§ ՠ§ ⦸⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔§  ﹔§ 諀㉀§ ㉀§ 諀 ⦸ § ⦸㉀
⦸﹔§ 뜘ՠ
§ 远§

﹔
﹔§㉀§⦸ՠ蓨§㉀軨ö§§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远ՠ远§ՠ§諀㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§ՠ
§ՠ远㴴远§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§
⦸㉀
軨﹔§ ﹔§諀㉀远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔ö§§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§諀﹔远§ ﹔§諀㉀远§蓨§远ՠ蓨
§ՠ㉀軨§远㉀§ ՠ§
⦸ ﹔
§諀§㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§㉀
軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀ö§§Ū ﹔
§뜘ՠ蓨§远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§諀㉀§
§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§
ՠ远㉀§  § ﹔ú远 ﹔§ ㉀﹔远§
㉀§ 㴴
㉀諀§ §
§ Ŷ
远 ö§ §
﹔
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§ ㉀§ 远軨蓨§ ﹔§ ⦸㉀﹔远㉀

§
諀㉀§
§Ŷ
远 ö§

﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§ ㉀§ ﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀§ ⦸㉀
軨﹔§ ՠ远§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 諀㉀远§ ՠ远§ ㉀远远﹔§
﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔ö§
远§远§ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ
§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔§㉀§﹔﹔㉀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§


Note
§
﹔§﹔
⦸ 뜘﹔
§㉀ §㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ远㴴远§ՠ﹔§远⦸軨远远﹔§
§﹔ՠ§
§⦸ ՠ﹔§ð§㉀ §ՠ﹔§§㉀ § 远§
蓨﹔ՠ§Űö§Ŷö§Ŷö§Ū㉀軨远﹔ö§§﹔ ﹔§㉀§ö§


Treatment
of
Grammar

§
Ŷ﹔
§ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔§軨§諀 §远뜘﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§㉀§﹔远⦸﹔§ՠ§⦸軨﹔î§㉀§
﹔﹔㉀§ ՠ㉀軨﹔远§ ㉀§ ՠ§ ﹔
§ ⦸㉀
﹔ î§ ㉀§ ⦸ՠ
§ 諀﹔§ ՠ§ 远뜘﹔§ 远㉀蓨î§ ՠ§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘㉀軨
§ ㉀ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§
㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§远§ՠ远㉀§﹔远远﹔
ՠö§㉀諀§§远§ՠ§䜜軨﹔远㉀
ö§
§


Point
for
discussion

ü ㉀諀§㉀§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔

§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠŒ§
§

ü ⵔ远§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§﹔䜜軨﹔§ ㉀§ՠ§⦸ §㉀§㉀軨⦸﹔§諀﹔§ ՠ뜘﹔î§뜘﹔ՠ


 軨î§ՠ⦸⦸﹔﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远Œ§
ü 㰬 ﹔
§㉀§諀﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠŒ§
ü ㉀諀§远§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ軨 Œ§
§
§
◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ 远§ ㉀§
㉀§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ軨 § 远⦸﹔﹔蓨§ 
§ 远㉀ՠ㉀
ö§ ◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§
﹔뜘﹔﹔§
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
§ՠ
§
§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀⦸﹔远远ö§§﹔
⦸﹔î§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§远軨⦸ §
ՠ远㴴远§
§諀 ⦸ § ﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§ՠ远﹔⦸远§ՠ﹔§⦸㉀﹔﹔ö§
§
㉀§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔î§ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §﹔
远﹔§ՠ
§뜘﹔ö§§ⵔ§远§﹔﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §ՠ§远㉀蓨ú§
ՠՠ﹔§
㉀§
㉀軨⦸﹔§ՠ
§﹔§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§㉀ §﹔
远﹔§ՠ
§뜘﹔ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§㉀§ՠ뜘ՠ⦸ՠ蓨§⦸㴴§㉀軨§远軨⦸ §

ĆĖЧ
§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ 
§ 諀 ⦸ §  ﹔§ 뜘﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔
远﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸﹔ՠö§ Ū㉀
﹔ 远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ㉀﹔§ 軨远
§  ﹔§

⦸﹔
远ú﹔﹔
远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §㉀§
㉀軨⦸﹔ú§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ ﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§⦸ ö§§
§
Ū㉀
軨
⦸㉀
§ ՠ
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﹔§ ⦸㉀
軨
⦸㉀
§ ՠ
§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ ՠ軨 § 軨远
§ ﹔远⦸㉀
§ ՠ远㴴ö§ ާ
﹔远⦸㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§⦸軨﹔§远§﹔远﹔
﹔§㉀§   § ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §⦸㉀
軨
⦸㉀
§ՠ
ö§§ⵔ
§ 远§諀ՠ蓨î§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§﹔뜘远§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§﹔뜘﹔﹔§
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ՠ远㴴远î§軨§
㉀§ՠ軨 §
§远㉀ՠ㉀
ö§
§
§§§§§§§§§§§§Ū㉀
远軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§远 ㉀軨§ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§ՠ§ՠ§﹔﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§ՠ
§
§ՠ§㉀뜘ՠ
远§
㉀ §㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔ö§
远§ 뜘﹔远§  ՠ§ 諀﹔§ ⦸ՠ

㉀§远軨 §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ 諀 § ㉀远§ ՠ
§ ㉀远§ ㉀ §
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§
﹔ՠ

§㉀§ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§§◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§⦸㉀
⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§⦸㉀
远軨⦸﹔§蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§蓨§ՠ
ՠ蓨远
§
ՠ§⦸﹔ՠ
§㉀蓨§㉀ §
軨远⦸§ՠՠ§ՠՠՠ﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ
§⦸ՠ﹔㉀
§ ﹔뜘§
§远﹔⦸ ⦸§
諀ՠ蓨远ö§ §
﹔§ ﹔
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﹔§ 
ՠ⦸§ ㉀§
ՠ⦸ՠ
§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§ՠՠ
뜘﹔
§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ뜘§㉀ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§
§
Ş远§ ՠ§ ㉀ § 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ⦸㉀
远軨⦸㉀
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§ 諀§ ﹔§ ﹔
﹔ՠ
§ ㉀ § ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§ ՠ
§
軨
ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远î§ ﹔远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§ ՠ§  ﹔§ ﹔


§ 远ՠ﹔远ö§
﹔§ 远蓨
ՠ⦸⦸§ ՠ
§ 뜘㉀ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ§
﹔㉀远§ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔㉀远§㉀ §远﹔
§ՠ
§軨
⦸軨ՠ㉀
§ ՠ§ ﹔蓨§뜘ՠ蓨§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ㴴﹔
§軨§ՠ
§﹔⦸ ﹔§
 ㉀軨 § ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §﹔
ö§§ⵔ§远§㉀§﹔§﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔﹔§ ՠ§﹔
§ՠ§ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔§뜘﹔远§
﹔
§諀 
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§
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§ 諀
§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ
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§  § ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ 远軨蓨§ ⦸ՠ
§
뜘ՠ㴴﹔§㉀
蓨§ՠ§뜘﹔§⦸㉀
軨㉀
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§㉀§﹔ՠ蓨§ ﹔§远軨蓨§㉀ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§
軨
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ远§ՠ§﹔ՠ§﹔ՠö§§
﹔§⦸ՠ
§ ﹔
§ ㉀⦸軨远§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔远軨﹔î§㉀
§ ㉀远﹔§ՠ远§ ՠ§﹔뜘ՠ
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沤﹔ ﹔
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§ ㉀㉀远﹔§ ՠ§ 諀㉀ð远﹔§ ㉀⦸﹔軨﹔ĺ§ Ćݧ 沤軨﹔
远§ 远§ ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ ×ՠ远㉀§
远軨⦸㉀
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⦸﹔§ ㉀軨 §﹔ՠ
ö§nݧ§沤軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔§ՠ軨 §
㉀§軨远﹔§ ՠ§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ ՠ
㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀§ 
⦸﹔ՠ远﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ뜘뜘ՠ⦸ՠ§ ՠ⦸⦸軨ՠ⦸蓨§ 軨 ﹔î§ 軨远
§ ⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远蓨§
﹔ՠ
﹔§軨﹔远ö§§
﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ ՠ
㉀㉀㴴§⦸ՠ
§﹔§
㉀軨⦸﹔§
§軨
㉀§  §远⦸ ㉀㉀§㉀§  §远⦸ ㉀㉀ö§§ⵔ §
ՠ§﹔ՠ§﹔ՠ§㉀ §﹔ՠ
§ ՠ远§﹔﹔
§㉀
﹔î§ՠ
§⦸㉀

軨﹔远§㉀§﹔§㉀
﹔î§ ﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ ՠ
㉀㉀㴴§
﹔﹔§㉀§
﹔§軨远﹔§㉀
蓨§㉀⦸⦸ՠ远㉀
ՠ蓨ö§
§
Note
§§§§
﹔§﹔
⦸ 뜘﹔
§㉀ §ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ远㴴远§ՠ﹔§远⦸軨远远﹔§
§﹔ՠ§
§⦸ ՠ﹔ð§㉀ §ՠ﹔ð§㉀ §
§远§蓨﹔ՠ§Űö§Ŷö§Ŷö§⦸㉀軨远﹔ö§§﹔ ﹔§㉀§ö§
§
Project
Work


§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远﹔远§ ㉀§ՠ
远ՠ⦸
§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴ö§
Ø Ťՠ
远㉀뜘
§
Ø ⵔ
ՠ§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
Ø ⵔ﹔
 蓨
§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸ú§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔⦸§远軨﹔远﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴ö§
Ø Ş远远

§㉀﹔⦸远§
軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§
§㉀軨远ö§
Ø Ű远⦸軨远远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§㉀⦸﹔軨﹔§ ㉀㉀諀﹔§㉀§⦸㉀﹔⦸§ ﹔§ՠՠö§
Ø 沤﹔远§㉀§ՠ
ՠ蓨远﹔§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸﹔§ՠՠö§
Ø Ū㉀
远㉀ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ՠՠö§
Ø 㰬
§ՠ§﹔㉀ö§
Ø ﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔㉀ö§

ĆĖĖ§
§
 §
Note
§§§
﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§远﹔远§㉀§﹔§ ㉀㉀諀﹔§ ㉀§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§远§远⦸軨远远﹔§
§﹔ՠ§
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔
 §㉀ §
ՠ﹔§ð§㉀ § 远§蓨﹔ՠ§Űö§Ŷö§Ŷö§Ū㉀軨远﹔ö§§﹔ ﹔§㉀§ö§
§












STRATEGIES
FOR
ADDRESSING
LOW
PROFICIENT
LEARNERS



ާ﹔ՠ

§远§
§远㉀뜘﹔§远﹔
远﹔§ՠ⦸﹔î§軨§ՠ⦸﹔§﹔ՠ

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ՠ﹔뜘﹔
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蓨§ ﹔§远軨﹔
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§ՠ⦸﹔§﹔ՠ

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뜘﹔
§﹔䜜軨﹔远§远軨﹔
远§ՠ
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘뜘§㉀§ՠ§蓨
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§諀 ⦸ §㉀ §远 ՠ﹔§ՠ§远㉀
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⦸﹔軨ՠ§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔î§ՠ
§
ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀軨 §ՠ§远⦸㉀﹔蓨ð㉀﹔
﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §㉀§﹔ՠ

§
§諀 ⦸ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§远§
㉀§
㉀
蓨§﹔
ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸蓨§軨§ՠ远㉀§諀 § ﹔§㉀ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ⦸蓨ö§
§
Addressing
issues
of
low
proficient
learners
at
the
time
of
interaction
based
on
the
trigger



ާ  远§远ՠ﹔î§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§﹔⦸﹔㉀
§ ㉀ § ﹔§ 远軨ՠ§ ﹔ î§ ﹔
軨
﹔远ՠ

§
ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§  ﹔뜘﹔§ ×远远軨﹔ݧ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸ՠ㉀
§ ՠ㉀軨§ 諀 ՠ§  ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔
㉀
§ ㉀§ 远﹔
§ ㉀§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠö§
﹔ՠ
﹔远§ 諀 § ㉀諀§ ﹔﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ﹔§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ远㴴﹔§ ㉀
﹔ ﹔远远§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ远§ 
§
뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔›§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ
§뜘﹔ՠ ㉀
﹔§ 远§ ㉀§ ﹔§远ՠ㴴﹔
㉀ § ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远ö§§佨﹔ՠð ㉀

§远§

㉀ 
§軨§远ՠ蓨
§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ§﹔⦸﹔§ ㉀뜘§ՠ§⦸ §
§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔
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§§
§
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远 §远㉀§ ՠ§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§諀§远﹔
§㉀§ö

§
Addressing
issues
of
low
proficient
learners
at
the
time
of
individual
reading



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軨ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
î§﹔ՠ
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㉀㉀諀
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§ ﹔§﹔﹔
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Addressing
issues
of
low
proficient
learners
during
of
collaborative
reading



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﹔远ՠ
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ü  ﹔远§﹔ՠ§㉀軨§ ﹔§远﹔

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ü  ﹔远§﹔ՠ§㉀軨§ ﹔§远﹔

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ü ﹔ՠ§ՠ ﹔§뜘﹔

ĆĖĢ§
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뜀










MULTI伸GRADE
AND
MULTILEVEL
TEACHING
STRATEGIES











Point
for
discussion



§§ §Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴î§ՠ§⦸ ﹔
§諀§﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§﹔﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ

Œ§
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Τ
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﹔远§远﹔﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§远ՠ﹔
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
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§
Digantar
in
Rajasthan
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Nali伸Kali
in
Karnataka
§ §
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Rishi
valley
project
in
A
P

RIVER傈
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Ćö§
nö§
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軨ՠ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨ö§
§
ü ⵔ§⦸﹔ՠ﹔远§远軨远ՠ
ՠ﹔§
軨远⦸§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§
ü ⵔ§㉀뜘㉀﹔远§⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§⦸㉀㉀﹔ՠ㉀
§ՠ뜘㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
ü ⵔ§⦸ՠ﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§㉀ §뜘軨﹔§
﹔﹔
⦸﹔远ö§
ü ⵔ§㉀﹔远§远ՠ⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§远㉀
ՠ
﹔㉀軨远§㉀軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
ü ⵔ§ՠ﹔远§諀ՠ蓨§ ㉀§﹔﹔﹔§軨
﹔远ՠ

§㉀ § ﹔§﹔远远㉀
远ö§
ü ⵔ§﹔
ՠ﹔远§ՠ§⦸ ﹔
§远蓨⦸ ㉀㉀⦸ՠ蓨§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§﹔뜘㉀㉀
ՠ蓨ö§
ü ⵔ§뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ﹔ö§
ü ⵔ§ ﹔远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ §ՠ
ՠ蓨⦸ՠ蓨§ՠ
§⦸⦸ՠ蓨ö §

ĆĜĀ§
§
§
沤㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔远远㉀
远§ 
§ ⦸ՠ远远﹔远ðⵔ§ ㉀§ § ՠ﹔§ 远㉀﹔远ö§
﹔远﹔§ 諀§ ﹔ՠ远蓨§ 蓨﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§
 ﹔ՠ﹔ö§§
§

﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §諀㉀㴴
§㉀軨§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ﹔§远§﹔
§﹔㉀諀ĺ§


Process



Ŷ⦸§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㴴﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
ĺ§
§
ü 㰬 ﹔﹔§远§ ﹔§远㉀蓨§ՠ㴴
§ՠ⦸﹔Œ§
ü 㰬 ㉀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔
远§ú§ՠ⦸㉀
远§
ՠՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§远㉀蓨Œ§
ü 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§远ՠ蓨
§㉀§ 
㴴
Œ§
§
﹔§⦸ ﹔
§远§
§㉀軨远§ՠ
§ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ뜘ՠö§§Ş远㴴§㉀
﹔§㉀軨§㉀§﹔
ՠ⦸§ ﹔§ՠ뜘ՠö§
§
ⵔ
ՠ﹔§ՠ§远⦸軨远远㉀
§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ뜘ՠ§㴴﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
ĺ§
§
Ø Ű§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀远§
⦸軨﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ㉀軨﹔远§
§ ﹔§远㉀蓨Œ§
Ø Ű§ ﹔蓨§ՠ§ՠ
蓨§ՠ㉀軨﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§㉀諀
Τ
Ø Ű§ ﹔§㉀軨§ՠ⦸§㉀軨§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔﹔
远§
§ ﹔§远㉀蓨Œ§Ű§ ﹔蓨§ՠ§ՠ
蓨§﹔﹔
远Œ§
Ø Ū㉀軨§ ﹔§ՠ軨﹔
⦸﹔§軨
﹔远ՠ
§諀 ﹔﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔
远§諀﹔﹔§ՠ㴴
§ՠ⦸﹔Œ§
§
﹔§ ﹔§㉀軨远§㉀§﹔諀㉀㴴§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ뜘ՠ§ §
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨ö§§Ş远㴴§㉀
﹔§뜘㉀﹔§㉀軨§㉀§ՠ⦸§㉀軨§ ﹔§ՠ뜘ՠö§


Working
on
Social
Issues
and
Themes




Ū ﹔
§⦸ՠ
§ՠ远㉀§﹔﹔㉀§㉀远§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§远㉀⦸ՠ§ ﹔뜘﹔远§ § ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§﹔
§⦸ ՠ
⦸﹔ö§§
﹔远﹔§㉀远§
§
軨
§蓨﹔§ՠ뜘ՠ远ö§
§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§远﹔远§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§ ㉀㉀諀﹔ĺ§

Ø ⵔ﹔
 蓨
§ՠ§远㉀⦸ՠ§ ﹔뜘﹔§
§

Ø Ű﹔﹔㉀
§ՠ§㉀§ ՠ§ ՠ远§ՠ§﹔


î§ ﹔§뜘﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔
ö§
Ø Ű﹔⦸
§ՠ뜘ՠ⦸§﹔﹔
远§
Ø  
§ ﹔§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§
Ø Ű﹔⦸
§ ﹔§远⦸﹔
﹔远§
Ø Ű﹔﹔㉀
§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ
远§ ㉀ §  ﹔§  ﹔ՠ﹔§ 諀㉀㴴远 ㉀§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ
远§ ㉀
§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ㉀
§
ՠ㉀軨﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ⦸㉀
远§
Ø Ű﹔⦸
§㉀远㉀
§ՠ
§뜘㉀﹔뜘﹔
远§㉀ §⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§
Ø ՠ


§ ﹔§ՠ뜘ՠ§諀 ㉀軨§諀
§ ﹔§远⦸§ՠ
§﹔ ㉀뜘
§ö§
Ø ﹔ ﹔⦸
§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ § 蓨§  ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀뜘﹔远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔諀﹔远ö§ Űՠ뜘ՠ远§ 諀﹔﹔§
諀㉀㴴﹔§㉀軨§㉀
§ ﹔뜘﹔远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§뜘ՠ
ՠՠ㉀
§ՠ
§⦸ §ՠ㉀軨ö§
§

ĆĜƧ
§


ᲠᲠ






CHOREOGRAPHY



Ū ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§远§ՠ§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ՠ§ՠ
§§뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§軨远﹔§㉀ §远㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ՠ§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远ö§§ⵔ§
远§ ՠ§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§  ՠ§ ⦸ՠ
§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔蓨§㉀§ 远§ ﹔諀﹔远ö§ §Ş远§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ㉀⦸§ ㉀㉀î§§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§
軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§ ㉀ § ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§ 远㴴远ö§ § 㴴﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ뜘ՠî§ § ⦸ՠ﹔远§ ㉀§  ﹔§
﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§㉀ §뜘軨﹔§
﹔﹔
⦸﹔远ö§§Ū ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 
§ՠ§㉀﹔뜘§뜘﹔远§﹔﹔﹔§軨
﹔远ՠ

§㉀ §
远§ ﹔뜘﹔ö§
§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§远§軨远﹔§ ㉀§⦸ ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ĺ§
§
Ø ⵔ﹔
 蓨
§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔ú ﹔뜘﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔뜘×远ՠ
ՠð諀远﹔ݧ
Ø ⵔ﹔
 蓨
§
远ՠ
⦸﹔远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§ ՠ§뜘ՠ
 ﹔远§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§
Ø ⵔ﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
远§
Ø Ű﹔⦸
§ ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ㉀
§諀 ﹔﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
远§ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ⦸﹔ö§
Ø Ű﹔⦸
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ㉀軨远§㉀§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远﹔
§
Ø 沤﹔䜜軨﹔
⦸
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
远§§
Ø 沤﹔
§뜘軨远⦸§㉀§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§
Ø 沤

§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ՠ
§远蓨
⦸ ㉀

§ ﹔§ 뜘㉀﹔뜘﹔
远§ՠ
§ ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀ § ﹔§ ⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§諀 §
 ﹔§ 蓨 뜘§㉀ § ﹔§远㉀
ö§
Ø
﹔§  ﹔뜘﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ 
﹔﹔﹔§ 
§ 뜘軨﹔§ 諀ՠ蓨远§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § 
﹔﹔ՠ㉀
§ 諀§ 蓨﹔§ ՠ§
 ﹔﹔
§⦸ ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
§


Რ






SUM
UP




§ ⵔ
§ 远§⦸ ՠ﹔§ՠ§﹔ՠ﹔§远⦸軨远远㉀
§ ՠ远§﹔﹔
§㉀
﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§
㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ՠ§ ӄ
§ ㉀ § 뜘ՠ蓨§ Ŷ
远 § ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴î§ ՠ㉀
§ 諀 §  ﹔§  ﹔㉀﹔⦸ՠ§ ՠ⦸㴴㉀軨
ö§
﹔§
远軨﹔
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远§ ﹔
 ﹔
﹔§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸蓨§ ㉀§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§  ﹔§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔蓨ö§
﹔§
﹔远﹔§ ՠ
§
﹔諀§ ﹔ՠ㉀蓨§ 
§  ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远§ ﹔⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔
﹔§ 뜘㉀軨ՠ§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
î§ 諀 ⦸ § 諀ՠ远§
远⦸軨远远﹔§ 
§ ﹔ՠö§ §
﹔§ 远﹔远远㉀
远§ ﹔ð﹔ՠ
î§ ﹔ՠ
§ ՠ
§ ㉀远§ ﹔ՠ
§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ㴴﹔§ ՠ㉀軨§
 ㉀㉀軨 蓨ö§
﹔§ 뜘⦸㉀§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ
§ 远§ ﹔蓨§ ⦸軨⦸ՠ§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
﹔§ ﹔ð﹔ՠ
§
远﹔远远㉀
§ 远§ ﹔蓨§ 뜘㉀ՠ
§ ㉀§ ㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀ՠ§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远î§ 諀 ⦸ § 远§ 軨远﹔ 軨§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ㉀軨⦸㉀
§ ㉀ §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
﹔§
﹔﹔§ ㉀§
軨ՠ§㉀軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §㉀ՠ§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远î§﹔ 

§ ﹔§
㉀軨⦸远§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ§㉀ §﹔
§远§ՠ﹔远远﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔蓨ö§
﹔§﹔
§
远﹔远远㉀
§ 远§ ՠ远㉀§ ՠ§ 远㉀§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
﹔§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ ⦸§
﹔ՠ
ú諀
§ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀ՠ
⦸§﹔ՠ
ú諀
§ՠ﹔§ՠ远㉀§﹔蓨§﹔远远﹔
ՠ§㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
﹔§
ՠ§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§㉀㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ
§⦸ ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§远§﹔蓨§軨远﹔ 軨§ ㉀§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§㉀軨⦸㉀
§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§




Რૼ





ASSIGNMENT



ĆÝ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§뜘﹔ՠ
§蓨§뜘㉀軨ՠ§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ Œ§㉀諀§远§§ ﹔﹔
§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
㉀ §⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
Τ
nÝ ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§
㴴§軨§ ﹔§﹔§﹔ՠ
§远﹔远远㉀
§諀 §﹔ՠ
§远﹔远远㉀
Τ
ĐÝ Ű远⦸軨远远§
§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§뜘⦸㉀§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
ö§
ĖÝ Ű远⦸軨远远§ ﹔§㉀﹔§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远ö§
ĜÝ Ű远⦸軨远远§ ﹔§远﹔远§㉀ §ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔ö§
ĢÝ ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§⦸㉀
軨⦸§﹔
§
§蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘Œ§

ĆĜn§
§
 ĨÝ ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔远远§ ﹔§㉀諀§㉀ ⦸﹔
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔Œ§
ĮÝ 㰬 ՠ§远﹔远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ㴴﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§
ՠՠ
§ՠ§远㉀蓨§㉀§ ﹔§蓨㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远Œ§
ĴÝ 㰬 ㉀§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ﹔§ՠ远§뜘軨﹔﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远Œ§Ūՠ
§諀﹔§軨远﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§远ՠ﹔﹔远§ ㉀§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远Œ§
ĆĀÝ §§沤軨﹔远§ՠ§ ﹔諀§远ՠ﹔﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
§ ㉀§ ﹔§뜘軨﹔﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
ĆĆÝ §§㉀諀§远§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ﹔§軨远﹔ 軨§
§﹔﹔㉀
§
軨远⦸§ՠ﹔远§ՠ뜘㉀
§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
Τ
ĆnÝ §§㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§⦸㉀
軨⦸§⦸ ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§
§蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘Œ§§
§


Რ





PROJECT
WORK



ĆÝ ⵔ
﹔﹔諀§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ㉀軨§ ՠ§ ⦸ՠ远远§ ㉀§ 远軨﹔
§ 諀 ㉀§ ㉀远﹔§ ㉀﹔뜘§ ㉀§ ﹔ö§
㉀﹔§ ﹔§
﹔﹔
㉀
远§㉀§远ՠ﹔﹔远§远 ﹔§ՠ㉀﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀軨
ՠö§
nÝ 佨ՠ㴴﹔§ 远 ㉀§ ﹔
﹔远§ ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔ՠ

§ 远ՠ﹔远î§ ﹔ ՠ㉀軨ՠ§ 远㉀﹔﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
î§ 蓨﹔§
ՠ⦸﹔§⦸ ﹔
î§蓨远﹔ ⦸§⦸ ﹔
§﹔⦸ö§
§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ՠ蓨ö§
ĐÝ 远﹔﹔§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀諀§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§⦸㉀
軨⦸远§ՠ㉀軨远§뜘㉀軨﹔远§ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§﹔㉀§
㉀
§ö§
ĖÝ
ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§远㉀蓨î§﹔
 蓨§ՠ§远㉀⦸ՠ§远远軨﹔î§ՠ
§ՠ§远⦸§ՠ
§⦸㉀
軨⦸§ՠ§ՠ뜘ՠ§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
ĜÝ §
ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§㉀﹔뜘ú§ 蓨뜘﹔§ՠ
§ՠ§⦸ ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§諀 § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ՠ
§㉀远﹔﹔§ ㉀諀§ ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§
軨远﹔§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸蓨ö§
ĢÝ 远﹔﹔§ՠ§ ﹔諀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ㉀諀§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§﹔
§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§㉀軨⦸远ö§
ĨÝ ﹔ՠ﹔§§㉀㉀㴴§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远ö§
ĮÝ 軨远 §蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀軨⦸远§ՠ
§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§⦸ՠ远远§뜘ՠՠ
﹔ö§
§


BIBLIOGRAPHY

§
· ՠ㉀
ՠ§Ū軨⦸軨軨뜘§ՠ뜘﹔諀㉀㴴§§nĀĀĜ§
· Ş
 ՠ§ՠ﹔远 §沤ՠ﹔§Ū軨⦸軨軨뜘§ՠ뜘﹔諀㉀㴴§§nĀĆƧ
· ㉀远㉀
§ՠ﹔§㉀
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§§ŪŶ
§
· ŤöŶ§佨﹔ ㉀远§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §§
﹔軨軨§Ş㴴ՠ﹔뜘§
· ŰöŶö§佨﹔ ㉀远§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §§
﹔軨軨§Ş㴴ՠ﹔뜘§
· 沤⦸ ㉀㉀§諀 ㉀軨§諀ՠ远ð§ⵔ
⦸軨远㉀
§Ŷ軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§Şö§
· 沤㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀㉀㴴远§ ㉀§ Ű㉀뜘ՠ§ 
§ Ŷ﹔뜘﹔
ՠ蓨§ Ŷ軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ § ՠ㉀軨远§ 沤ՠ﹔§ Ť㉀ՠ远§ ㉀ §

·
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ
㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀§ ⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ ⵔ§ ㉀§ § 軨远 ﹔§ 蓨§ 沤ՠ﹔§ Ū㉀軨
⦸§ ㉀ § Ŷ軨⦸ՠ㉀
ՠ§
Ŷ軨⦸ՠ㉀
ö§§

﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ §ՠ
§
ՠ


 ՠ§ՠ﹔远 ö§
§

ĆĜЧ
§
§

UNIT – 5
§

ĆĜĖ§
§
 Unit
–


PLANNING
AND
MATERIAL
DEVELOPMENT




Რ





INTRODUCTION§§

ՠ


§远§ ﹔§远﹔⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ
蓨§远軨⦸⦸﹔远远 軨§諀㉀㴴ö§Ŷՠ⦸ §㉀
﹔§㉀ §軨远§远§ ՠ뜘ՠ§諀 §ՠ


§
§
㉀軨§ՠ蓨§ ﹔ö§㰬﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§远⦸ ﹔軨﹔§㉀ §㉀軨§ՠ蓨§㴴﹔﹔
§
§뜘
§ ﹔§㉀﹔远§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘軨远㉀
远ö§
㉀§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔î§ § ՠ§ՠ蓨§ ՠ﹔
远§㉀§﹔§ ﹔§ՠ远§ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ՠ蓨
§ ﹔§﹔﹔⦸⦸蓨§§ ՠ§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ ﹔§
远§㉀蓨§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ蓨远§远⦸ ﹔軨﹔î§ՠ


§ ﹔远§軨远§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§﹔远§軨远﹔§㉀ §﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§諀 
§ ﹔§
﹔
§뜘﹔§﹔㉀ö§
軨远î§ ﹔§㉀﹔§ ՠ
§㉀§ՠ
§远§ՠ


§㉀§ ՠ§远§뜘㉀﹔§ՠö§

㉀§ 远軨⦸⦸﹔远远 軨§ ՠ

远ՠ⦸㉀
§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘î§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§ ㉀§ ՠ
§ ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ö§
Ť﹔ ㉀﹔§ ㉀
§ ㉀§ ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§ ㉀ § ՠ§ 軨
î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔ՠ§  ﹔§ ﹔
﹔§ 軨
§  ㉀㉀軨 蓨§ ՠ
§
﹔
 蓨§  ﹔§ ㉀远远﹔§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§ ﹔ú远 ㉀軨§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ 軨
§ ⦸軨뜘§ ﹔㉀§ ՠ
§ 
§  ﹔§
远軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀뜘ՠö§﹔ú远 ﹔§远 ㉀軨§﹔ՠ﹔§﹔㉀§諀远﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§
§ՠՠ
⦸﹔ö§Ū ﹔
远§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§﹔⦸﹔§ՠ
§諀﹔
§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠö§
远§ՠ⦸蓨§远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§
§
﹔
﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔㉀ö§Ş ﹔§
⦸㉀뜘﹔㉀
§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ 
î§ ﹔§ ú§ 远 ﹔§ 远 ՠ§
㉀﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§ 
§  ﹔§ ՠ
ö§
﹔§ ﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§ 远 ㉀軨§

⦸軨﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ
§ ﹔§远軨ՠ蓨§㉀ § ﹔§㉀⦸﹔远远§ ㉀㉀諀﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远ö§







OBJECTIVES

Ť蓨§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀ § 远§軨
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
ð﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§

Ø
Ø
軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ


ö§
㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ

軨ՠ§ՠ
ö§
Ø
Ø
㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§軨
§ՠ
ö§
㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔㉀§ՠ
ö§
Ø
Ø
㉀§ՠ
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§㴴
远§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§
㉀§軨远﹔§ ﹔﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远ö§
Ø
Ø
㉀§軨远﹔§ՠ§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远ö§
軨
﹔远ՠ
远§ ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §㉀

﹔§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远ö§
Ø
Ø
﹔远
§ 远§㉀諀
§ՠ⦸﹔远§ ㉀§
㉀軨⦸
§ՠ
§ՠ⦸⦸
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远ö§
﹔
ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀§ՠ
§ ﹔뜘§
§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔뜘远ö§
§

ૼ





WHAT
IS
PLANNING?

ާՠ
§远§㴴﹔§ՠ§뜘ՠö§㰬﹔§軨远﹔§뜘ՠ远§㉀§ 
§㉀軨§諀ՠ蓨§㉀§ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔ö§ⵔ
§㉀﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ § ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔î§
諀﹔§
﹔﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ㉀
远ö§ 㰬﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ 㴴
㉀諀§ 諀 ﹔﹔§ 諀﹔§ ՠ﹔§ î§ ՠ
§ 远﹔⦸㉀
蓨§ 諀﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ 㴴
㉀諀§
諀 ﹔﹔§諀﹔§諀ՠ
§㉀§㉀ö§㰬 ㉀軨§ ﹔§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§㉀ §﹔ ﹔§㉀ § ﹔远﹔î§§諀§﹔§ ⦸軨§㉀§⦸ ՠ§㉀軨§
ՠ ö§ՠ


§远§ՠ远㉀§軨远§㴴﹔§ 远ö§ՠ


§远§㉀ՠ

§㉀軨§諀㉀㴴ö§§
§

ĆĜĜ§
§







IMPORTANCE
OF
PLANNING



ՠ


§ 远§ ㉀ § 軨
䜜軨﹔§ 뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§ ㉀⦸﹔远远ö§ ՠ


§ ﹔远§ 軨远§
﹔§  ﹔§ 远蓨ՠ軨远§ 
㉀§ 諀㉀㴴ՠ﹔§ ⦸ 軨
㴴远ö§ ՠ


§ ﹔
远軨﹔远§  ՠ§ 諀﹔§ ՠ蓨§ ՠ﹔
㉀
§ ㉀§ ՠ§  ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远㴴远§
§ՠ§﹔远⦸﹔§远蓨ՠ軨远ö§Ş§ ﹔§﹔


§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§蓨﹔ՠ§ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ
§ՠ㴴﹔§
远㉀⦸㴴§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ՠՠՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀§ՠ
§﹔ ㉀﹔§㉀ ﹔§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远ö§Ş§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ
§
⦸ՠ⦸軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ远远﹔远远§ 諀 ﹔ ﹔§  ﹔§
軨뜘﹔§ ㉀ § 諀㉀㴴
§ ㉀軨远§ ՠ﹔§ 远軨 ⦸﹔
§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸远§ ㉀§ ﹔§
⦸㉀﹔﹔ö§
远§ՠ⦸蓨§ ﹔远§
§﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§뜘﹔ðՠ﹔ö§§
§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ㉀㉀諀§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔§ ㉀﹔
﹔§ ՠ


§ ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀§ ⦸ՠ﹔
ՠö§
﹔§
ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§蓨﹔ՠ§远§﹔§
㉀§ ﹔﹔§﹔뜘远ö§ⵔ
§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔뜘§ՠ§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§ՠ뜘㉀軨
§㉀ §远蓨ՠ軨远§ ՠ远§㉀§﹔§
⦸㉀﹔﹔ö§
﹔§﹔
§远蓨ՠ軨远§远§﹔§
㉀§軨
远§ՠ
§﹔ՠ⦸ §軨
§ ՠ远§ՠ§远﹔§㉀ §﹔远远㉀
远ö§Ŷՠ⦸ §﹔远远㉀
§
ՠ远§ 远﹔⦸ ⦸§ ㉀﹔⦸﹔远§ ՠ
§ ՠ⦸﹔远ö§ ՠ


§ ㉀﹔远远﹔远§ ㉀뜘§ 蓨﹔ՠ§ ՠ
§ ㉀§ 軨
§ ՠ
§ ՠ
§ ㉀§
﹔远远㉀
§ՠ
§諀 §ՠ
§﹔远뜘ՠ㉀
§㉀ §뜘﹔§ՠՠՠ蓨ö§
§
ՠ


§﹔
远軨﹔远§ ՠ§諀﹔§ 
㴴§㉀ § ﹔§㉀ ﹔§ՠ﹔
ՠ﹔远§ՠՠՠ﹔§㉀§軨远§
§﹔ՠ⦸ §远軨ՠ㉀
§
ՠ
§ ՠ§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ

§ՠ⦸﹔远ö§ՠ


§远 ㉀軨§﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§⦸﹔
﹔§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
⦸﹔
﹔ö§ՠ


§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔§ 远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 諀 
§ ՠ§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀§㉀§
﹔ ㉀軨
§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀远§ ㉀§
远 ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ远§ ՠ
§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ﹔远远㉀
远§ ㉀﹔ ﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ ⦸ՠ
§ 远⦸軨远远§  ﹔§ ՠ
远§ ㉀§  ﹔﹔
§
ՠ⦸﹔远ö§
远§ 뜘㉀﹔远§  ﹔§ ՠ뜘ՠ蓨§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ㉀⦸§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ՠՠՠ﹔ö§ ՠ


§
﹔远§軨远§ՠ
§㉀㉀軨
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﹔﹔ðՠ⦸㴴§ Ťՠ⦸㴴ð
ՠ㴴
§
㉀ՠ§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§

㉀﹔ð 㰬
§
㉀㉀㴴远§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远ö§

Ĩ§ ﹔軨ՠ蓨§ ՠ远§㉀ § ﹔§ ĆĢ§ ⵔ

﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ ⦸軨﹔远§ 沤

§ 蓨뜘﹔远§
㉀蓨§
ⵔ
軨ՠ§ Ş軨㉀§ 远﹔

§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ﹔远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§

◤㉀軨§ ՠ远 § ՠ§§

ՠ⦸蓨§§ ⦸ՠ远§
﹔ՠ
§
㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ ﹔ՠՠ§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
ՠ⦸蓨§
Ū ՠ远§ ㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴远§
﹔㉀ՠ㉀
§
Ťՠ⦸㴴ð
ՠ㴴
§
﹔﹔ðՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀ՠ§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§

㉀﹔ð 㰬
§
㉀㉀㴴远§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§

Į§ 佨ՠ⦸ § 佨蓨§远㉀蓨§ ĆĢ§ ⵔ

﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ ⦸軨﹔远§ 沤

§ 蓨뜘﹔远§
ՠ
§ 蓨뜘﹔§
諀㉀§ ⵔ
軨ՠ§ Ş軨㉀§ 远﹔

§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ﹔远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§

◤㉀軨§ ՠ远 § ՠ§§

ՠ⦸蓨§§ ⦸ՠ远§
﹔ՠ
§
㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ ﹔ՠՠ§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
ՠ⦸蓨§
Ū ՠ远§ ㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴远§
﹔㉀ՠ㉀
§
Ťՠ⦸㴴ð
ՠ㴴
§
﹔﹔ðՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀ՠ§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§

㉀﹔ð 㰬
§
㉀㉀㴴远§ ﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§

ĆĢĀ§
§


ૼ











MODEL
ANNUAL
PLAN





CLASS
–


ANNUAL
PLAN



ŪŞ沤沤ðĜ§ § § § § § § § § § § § § §§Ŷ◤ⵔ沤§

﹔⦸﹔远ĺ§

﹔§⦸ ﹔
§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§§

ü
㉀§远
§㉀﹔뜘远§ՠ
§﹔
㉀蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔î§ 蓨 뜘§ՠ
§뜘ՠ﹔蓨§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘远ö§
ü
㉀§远﹔
§㉀§远㉀﹔远§
ՠՠ﹔§蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ
§㉀ ﹔远ö§
ü
㉀§远﹔
§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§諀 ՠ§㉀ ﹔远§ՠ﹔§远﹔ՠ㴴
§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ ö§
ü
㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ﹔
远î§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ
§⦸ՠ远远뜘ՠ﹔远§
§ ﹔﹔
§远軨ՠ㉀
远§
ü
㉀§﹔ՠ§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ ﹔§﹔ 軨ՠ§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ՠ
§㉀ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§远軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔﹔ö§§
ü
㉀§諀﹔§远뜘﹔§諀㉀远î§ ՠ远﹔远§ՠ
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ ö§
ü
㉀§軨远﹔§﹔﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§諀 ﹔§远﹔ՠ㴴
§ՠ
§諀
ö§
ü
㉀§㉀軨⦸﹔§﹔﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
远§ՠ
§﹔远⦸㉀
远§﹔⦸ö§
§
Unit
Month
Name
of
the
Periods
Strategy
TLM
䔜
Programmes

unit
required
䔜Activities

Resources

Ƨ 軨
﹔§§ 㰬ՠ㴴﹔§軨­§ nn§ ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ ﹔ՠ
§
軨蓨§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
ՠ뜘
㉀§ 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
﹔远ՠ§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§§

﹔§㰬远﹔§§ ⵔ
軨ՠ§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ﹔ՠՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
◤㉀軨§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴远§ 㰬
§
﹔⦸öî§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
﹔㉀ՠ㉀
§
㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§
﹔﹔§§ՠ⦸㴴§
远﹔

§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§

Ū ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§

n§ Ş軨軨远§ 沤﹔ՠ§ՠ
뜘ՠ远§ nn§ ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ ﹔ՠ
§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
ާՠ蓨§
§ ﹔§ 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
 ﹔§㉀ §ՠ§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§

ĆĢƧ
§
 远 ﹔뜘ՠ
§ ⵔ
軨ՠ§ ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§§
ՠ⦸蓨§
◤﹔﹔§
远§ ﹔ՠՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
諀㉀﹔§ ◤㉀軨§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ⦸軨﹔远§
㰬
§
﹔㉀ՠ㉀
§ ㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
﹔⦸öî§
﹔﹔§§ՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§

远﹔

§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§

Ū ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§§

Ė§ ⦸㉀﹔§ ◤㉀㉀§軨⦸㴴§ nn§ ⵔ

﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ ﹔ՠ
§
㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
ާՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
軨⦸㴴§ ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§§
ⵔ
軨ՠ§
ՠ§諀㉀§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ﹔ՠՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
ՠ諀ՠ蓨远§ՠ蓨远§ ⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
◤㉀軨§
§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴远§ 㰬
§
﹔⦸öî§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
﹔㉀ՠ㉀
§
㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§
﹔﹔§§ՠ⦸㴴§
远﹔

§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§

Ū ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§

Ĝ§ ㉀﹔뜘﹔§ ᴐ㉀軨§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀㉀§ nn§ ⵔ

﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ ﹔ՠ
§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
Ű﹔⦸﹔뜘﹔§
﹔§﹔远§ 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
﹔諀ՠ§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§§

﹔§ՠՠ⦸﹔§ՠ
§ ⵔ
軨ՠ§
 ﹔§⦸㉀ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ﹔ՠՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
◤㉀軨§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴远§ 㰬
§

ĆĢn§
§
 ﹔㉀ՠ㉀
§ ﹔⦸öî§ ՠ⦸﹔远§

﹔﹔§§ՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§

远﹔

§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§

Ū ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§§

Ģ§ ՠ
軨ՠ蓨§ Ş
㉀ ﹔远§ nn§ ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ ﹔ՠ
§
远㉀㉀諀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
﹔﹔
§㴴﹔﹔§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§§
ާ뜘﹔뜘㉀ՠ﹔§ ⵔ
軨ՠ§
﹔﹔

§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ﹔ՠՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
◤㉀軨§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴远§ 㰬
§
﹔⦸öî§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
﹔㉀ՠ㉀
§
㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§
﹔﹔§§ՠ⦸㴴§
远﹔

§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§

Ū ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§§

Ĩ§ ﹔軨ՠ蓨§ 䇼ՠ§远㉀
§ nn§ ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ ﹔ՠ
§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
◤ՠ
 § ﹔§ 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
远
ՠ㴴﹔§⦸ ՠ뜘﹔§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§§
㉀뜘﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§ ⵔ
軨ՠ§
諀㉀§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ﹔ՠՠ§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
§ ◤㉀軨§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴远§ 㰬
§
﹔⦸öî§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
﹔㉀ՠ㉀
§
㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§
﹔﹔§§ՠ⦸㴴§
远﹔

§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§

Ū ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§§

ĆĢЧ
§
 Į§ 佨ՠ⦸ § 佨ՠ㴴
§﹔ՠ軨蓨§ nn§ ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ ﹔ՠ
§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
Ť㉀§﹔﹔
ՠ§ 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
Ş
§ՠ远§ՠ
§ՠ§ ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§§
⦸ §ՠ蓨§ ⵔ
軨ՠ§
﹔ՠՠ§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
◤㉀軨§
ՠ⦸蓨§ ㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴远§ 㰬
§
﹔⦸öî§ ՠ⦸﹔远§
﹔㉀ՠ㉀
§
㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴§
﹔﹔§§ՠ⦸㴴§
远﹔

§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§

Ū ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§§




Რ




UNIT
PLAN

ާ軨
§ՠ
§远§远뜘ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ՠ
§ՠ

軨ՠ§ՠ
ö§ⵔ
§ՠ§軨
§ՠ
î§諀﹔§㉀ՠ
﹔§㉀軨§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ⦸㉀远远§
 ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§軨
î§ՠ
§ՠ㉀
ՠ﹔§㉀軨§뜘﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ远﹔⦸远§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§諀 
§ ﹔§軨
ö§ⵔ
§㉀﹔§
㉀§ ㉀§  远î§ 諀﹔§
﹔﹔§ ㉀§ 㴴
㉀諀§ 諀 ՠ§ ՠ§ 軨
§ ՠ§ ﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ 远ö§ ާ 軨
§ 远§ ՠ§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ ⦸ 軨
㴴§ ㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§ⵔ§ ՠ远§ՠ§㉀§㉀ §﹔ՠ
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ՠ諀
§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔﹔
§远㉀軨⦸﹔§ՠ
§軨§㉀﹔ ﹔§
㉀§ ㉀뜘§ՠ§軨
ö§§

ާ 軨
§ 远§ ՠ諀ՠ蓨远§  ﹔뜘﹔§ ՠ远﹔î§ ՠ
§ ﹔
⦸﹔§ ՠ㉀諀远§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔远
§ 䜜軨﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔諀§ ﹔ð
﹔ՠ
§ ՠ⦸﹔远§ ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§ ㉀﹔⦸远§ ՠ远﹔§ ㉀
§  ﹔§  ﹔뜘﹔ö§ ާ 軨
§ ﹔ՠ远§ 諀 §
ՠՠ﹔§ ﹔远远㉀
远§
×远㉀﹔远Ýî§﹔远⦸﹔§﹔⦸﹔远§×﹔远远ՠ蓨远ݧՠ
§远㉀뜘﹔§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§﹔远远㉀
远§×㉀﹔뜘远Ýö§Ş§ ﹔远﹔§﹔⦸﹔远§諀 
§ՠ§
軨
§ՠ﹔§㉀軨
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Class
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Unit
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﹔远§远﹔
§ՠ
§
·
ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§ ﹔ö§ 㰬 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§
﹔
㉀蓨§
·

﹔ §諀﹔
§㉀
§
·
ՠ§ö§ ՠ ﹔远§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ§
Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§㉀ § ՠ§⦸ ՠ§ 㰬 ՠ§远§ՠ 軨远§
ՠ﹔§§Ģ§
·
 ﹔§远﹔

§﹔ ö§ 뜘㉀ ﹔远§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ§
ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ 㰬 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§
◤ՠ
뜘㉀ ﹔§
·
뜘㉀ ﹔远§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ§
湌湌湌湌湌湌ö§ Ťՠ⦸㴴㉀ՠ§ ㉀諀§㉀﹔远§ՠ 軨远§

·
뜘㉀ ﹔§ ﹔§ 뜘Œ§
㰬 §뜘蓨§﹔远远㉀
远ö§ §
㰬 ㉀§ ﹔﹔远§ՠ 軨Œ§


ՠ 軨远§ ՠ뜘蓨§§ ·
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ՠ
§ ⦸軨﹔远§㉀
§ · Ű㉀﹔远§ՠ 軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§

· ·
ՠ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§§Ģ§ ㉀ ﹔Œ§
﹔远§远﹔
§ՠ
§
·
ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§ ﹔ö§ Ű㉀﹔远§ՠ 軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§

·
﹔
㉀蓨§
﹔ §諀﹔
§㉀
§
·
ՠ§ö§ 远远﹔Œ§
Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§㉀ § ՠ§⦸ ՠ§ ㉀諀§远§ՠ 軨远§
ՠ﹔§§Ģ§
·
 ﹔§远﹔

§﹔ ö§ ㉀ ﹔Œ§
㉀諀§远§ՠ 軨远§

ĆĢĨ§
§
 ·
ⵔ§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§ ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§ 远远﹔Œ§
湌湌湌湌湌湌湌ö§ Ş﹔§ ﹔蓨§
§
Ťՠ⦸㴴㉀ՠ§
·
﹔§﹔蓨§ ՠ蓨ö§ ՠ蓨Œ§
Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§
§
·
远远﹔Œ§
㉀諀§远§蓨㉀軨§

· ·
㉀ ﹔Œ§
뜀
ՠ 軨远§ ՠ뜘蓨§ ⦸軨﹔§ՠ
§ ⦸軨﹔远§㉀
§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§㉀§諀﹔§

· ·
諀㉀远§远ՠ蓨§ ՠ﹔§§Ĩ§ ՠ蓨Œ§
㰬㉀远§㉀§
·

㉀軨⦸ §ՠ
§远ՠ蓨§ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§諀﹔§远﹔﹔§
§
﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔§ ﹔﹔ՠ§ՠ ﹔§ Ū ՠ§  ﹔§远㴴蓨§軨
§ ﹔§

·
 ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
 远Œ§
﹔远§﹔﹔ՠ§ ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§
·
×ՠ§ݧ 㰬 ՠ§§蓨㉀軨§
ՠ§ 뜘㉀ ﹔§⦸㉀㉀㴴§
ՠ﹔ð§Ĩ§ Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
·
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§ ㉀ՠ蓨Œ§
Ťՠ⦸㴴§㉀ՠ§ 㰬 ㉀§﹔§远㉀﹔远§
㉀§蓨㉀軨Œ§
Რ

ՠ 軨远§ ՠ뜘蓨§ · Ű远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ Ū ՠ§諀 § · 㰬 ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§蓨㉀軨§

·
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀
§ ㉀㉀§ 
远Œ§
﹔远§ՠ
远諀﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀
§ՠ§ ՠ﹔§§Ĩ§ ㉀諀§ՠ﹔§ՠ 軨远§

· ·
⦸ ՠö§ ㉀ ﹔§ՠ
§远远﹔Œ§
ՠ﹔§ð§Ĩ§ ﹔ՠ§ ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§ Ťՠ⦸㴴㉀ՠ§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§

·
﹔远远㉀
ö§ 蓨㉀軨
﹔§
Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
·
Ş远㴴§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀ ﹔ú远远﹔Œ§

·
㉀ՠ蓨ö§ ㉀諀§㉀§远§ ﹔ú远 ﹔Œ§
Ŷ⦸§ ﹔§ՠ
远諀﹔远§ §

·
㉀ՠ蓨ö§
§
㰬﹔§ ﹔§ՠ
远諀﹔远§
㉀
§ ﹔§ §
·
ՠ⦸㴴㉀ՠú⦸ ՠö§
﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§
﹔ 
﹔§ ﹔§
ՠ
远諀﹔远§蓨§諀ՠ蓨§㉀ §

· ·
﹔
ö§
ᲠᲠ
﹔远§ՠ諀§ՠ
§ ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§諀 § Ū㉀㉀軨§ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§

·
⦸㉀㉀軨§ ⦸ ﹔
§ՠ㉀軨§ ⦸ՠ蓨㉀
远ö§ ՠ諀
Œ§

·
 ﹔§ ㉀軨远﹔ö§ 㰬 ՠ§⦸㉀㉀軨远§ՠ﹔§
ՠ﹔§§Į§ Ū ՠ§
·
佨ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§
㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§軨远
Œ§

·
㉀軨远ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§蓨㉀軨§
Ťՠ⦸㴴㉀ՠ§
·
Ş远㴴§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ ⦸軨﹔Œ§
㉀§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀﹔§ ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§
§
·

﹔远§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔
§
§蓨㉀軨§
Ū㉀㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ § ㉀軨Œ§
諀 § ﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨远§
 ﹔蓨§㴴﹔ö§

ĆĢĮ§
§
 · Ş远㴴§ՠ§ ﹔諀§ §
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ՠ㉀軨§

· ·
 ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
Რ

﹔远§远ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ Ű远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ ާ⦸ ՠ§ 㰬 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§
﹔
 蓨§ 뜘ՠ⦸ 
§⦸軨﹔远§ 远 ㉀諀
§ ﹔§ ՠ
 ՠ ﹔远§

·
ՠ
§諀㉀远§﹔
§ 뜘ՠ⦸ 
§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ§
﹔远§ՠ㴴§ ㉀
§ՠ﹔§§Ĵ§㉀
§ՠ§ 㰬 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§
﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔§㉀
§
·
⦸ ՠö§ ՠ
뜘㉀ ﹔远§
ՠ﹔§§Ĵ§ ՠ﹔§§Ĵ§
·
沤ՠ蓨§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ§
諀㉀远ú ՠ远﹔远§ՠ
§ Ťՠ⦸㴴㉀ՠ§ Ş﹔§ ﹔﹔§ՠ
蓨§
ՠ远㴴§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§ ՠ
远§
﹔ՠ§蓨㉀軨§
﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§ § 远⦸ ㉀㉀Œ§
⦸軨﹔远§ՠ
§⦸﹔ð §

·
﹔远ՠö§ § §
Ŷ
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§
⦸ ﹔
§㉀§ՠ㴴§
ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§
◤ՠ
ՠ﹔
远§ՠ
§

· ·
ՠ
远ö§
Რૼ
﹔远§◤﹔﹔§ ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ蓨§
⦸ ﹔
§ՠ㉀軨§ 諀 ﹔
§蓨㉀軨§뜘﹔﹔§
﹔远§远﹔﹔§ ﹔§ 諀远 
§
§ Ťՠ⦸㴴§㉀ՠ§ 蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
§ ﹔§

·
﹔ՠ远§ ՠ뜘蓨§  ﹔﹔
§ՠ远§㉀ § 뜘㉀

Œ§
⦸軨﹔远§
·
 ﹔§ՠ蓨ö§ ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔﹔§
ՠ﹔§ð§ĆĀ§ ՠ§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§諀 § 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔
§㉀
§
ՠ远⦸§
·
 ﹔§ ﹔§㉀ § 远ú ﹔§ ՠ蓨Œ§
뜘㉀軨﹔ú⦸ՠð
·
⦸軨﹔远ö§ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ蓨§㉀§
㉀ՠ§﹔﹔远ö§
·
ՠð§ 蓨㉀軨§远远﹔§諀 ﹔
§
ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ㉀軨§ 远 ﹔§远§㉀
§㉀§
 ﹔§ՠ ՠ﹔§ ՠ﹔
§ ﹔§﹔ ՠ뜘Œ§§

·
ŞîŤîŪ§ՠ
§Űö§
㉀
§ ﹔§㉀远§㉀§
㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔﹔远ö§

Რ

§ · ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§諀 § ⦸軨﹔§㉀
§ · 㰬 ՠ§ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀§

·
⦸ ﹔
§ՠ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ð§ĆƧ 蓨㉀軨§ՠ蓨§ՠ§ ㉀뜘﹔Œ§
﹔远§ՠ蓨§⦸⦸㴴﹔§  ﹔§
﹔﹔远
§ 沤 ㉀諀§뜘﹔§ ﹔§

·
ՠ뜘﹔远ö§ Ş軨㉀ð ﹔远§ ⦸軨﹔§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§
沤ՠ蓨§ՠ㉀軨§
· ·

ՠ⦸﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔远ö§ ՠ ﹔Œ§
沤ՠ蓨§ ﹔§﹔﹔远§ Ťՠ⦸㴴㉀ՠ§ 沤 ㉀諀§뜘﹔§蓨㉀軨§
﹔远§㉀ĺ§佨蓨§
ՠ ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 뜘㉀ ﹔§
§ 远§
ՠ뜘蓨§ՠ軨뜘§ ՠ
§㉀軨⦸ § ﹔§ ﹔﹔远§⦸ ՠ§ ⦸軨﹔Œ§

·
﹔﹔远ö§
ՠ﹔§ĆƧՠ
§Ćnö§  ㉀㉀远§㉀ §
ՠ远﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀远§㉀ §

ĆĢĴ§
§
  ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨§ ՠ뜘蓨§
뜘﹔뜘﹔远ö§× ㉀뜘﹔ð 뜘﹔뜘﹔远§

· ·
諀㉀㴴ݧ
Რ
§ Ű远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§諀㉀远§ ⦸軨﹔§㉀
§ Ūՠ
§蓨㉀軨§﹔§뜘﹔§
ՠ
§⦸軨﹔远§㉀
§ՠ§ ՠ﹔§§ĆЧ ՠ
㉀ ﹔§ ﹔﹔§﹔﹔§
﹔远§远ՠ蓨§ՠ㉀軨§
·
⦸ ՠö§ 諀㉀§諀 §ⵔ§
§ ﹔§

·
Ş軨㉀§ ﹔远§
·
ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§ ﹔ö§ 뜘﹔Œ§
ՠ﹔§§ĆЧ
﹔§뜘﹔§ՠ§諀㉀§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远ՠ蓨远§ ﹔§
Ū ՠ§
·
諀㉀远§ՠ㉀軨ö§ 諀 §㉀§
§ ﹔§

·
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远§﹔﹔ՠ§ 뜘﹔ö§
§ Ūՠ
§蓨㉀軨§﹔§뜘﹔§
ՠ ﹔§ ﹔뜘ö§
§ 远㉀뜘﹔§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔﹔§
﹔﹔§諀㉀远Œ§
Რ

㰬
§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§ · Ű远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ Ū ՠ§ · 㰬﹔§ՠî§î§⦸î§ՠ
§§

·
⦸軨﹔远§ՠ
§ ㉀
§蓨㉀軨§㉀諀
ö§
⦸軨﹔§ 沤 ՠ﹔远§㉀ §
·
⦸軨﹔远§㉀
§ՠ§⦸ ՠö§§ 佨ՠ⦸ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔远§
⦸㉀뜘﹔㉀
§ Ş远㴴§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ 远﹔뜘ð⦸⦸﹔远§ 諀 §諀㉀远ö§
㉀§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀远§㉀§ ՠ
§⦸⦸﹔远§ §
㉀

§ ﹔§㉀﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ ﹔§

·
﹔﹔远§ ⦸軨﹔ö§ Ťՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠ§
Ş远㴴§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§
ՠ﹔§ĆĖðĆĨ§ ㉀§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀远§
§ Ūՠð㉀ՠ§
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§
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﹔﹔远ö§§
§
ã﹔㉀ð諀远﹔§
㉀﹔远§ՠ
§ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸﹔§軨﹔远㉀
远ö§

ã§﹔㉀ð諀远﹔§
㉀﹔远§㉀
§Ū ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§

ã§﹔㉀ð諀远﹔§
㉀﹔远§㉀
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§




ૼ










MODEL
UNIT
PLAN















CLASS
–


UNIT
PLAN









































UNIT
伸































伸
CLASS
–
V

Unit
Objectives
伸

Ť蓨§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀ § ﹔§軨
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§湌§

ü ㉀§远
§ՠ
§﹔
㉀蓨§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü ㉀§軨§
﹔諀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§蓨§ՠ
§⦸﹔ՠ
§远軨  ﹔远§㴴﹔§è㉀軨远î§è§ՠ﹔ö§
ü
㉀§軨远﹔§ ﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§﹔뜘§
﹔ ﹔湌ö§
㉀§
§諀﹔
§ՠ
§㉀ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§
ü
㉀§⦸㉀
﹔远﹔§諀 § 远§
﹔ՠ﹔远§﹔ՠ﹔远ö§

ĆĨĀ§
§
 ü ◤﹔§远﹔
远﹔§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ՠ㉀
远§ՠ
§﹔﹔ 远§
§㉀軨§远㉀⦸﹔蓨ö§
ü
㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ ﹔§﹔
§﹔ՠ
§ՠ远远ՠ﹔ö§
ü 远﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§远㉀蓨§ՠ
§﹔远㉀
§㉀§ö§
ü
㉀§㉀§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴远§
﹔﹔
﹔
蓨§ՠ
§
§㉀軨远ö§

Period
Topic
Process
Material
Questions
for
interaction

· ⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ·
No

Რ
◤㉀㉀§ Ű远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§﹔㉀﹔§ՠ﹔§

·
軨⦸㴴§ ⦸軨﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§  ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀
§  ﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ

㉀§§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§ĨĖ

·
 ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ú§ 蓨뜘﹔§ §㰬 ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨Œ§

·
㉀﹔뜘
ú§远㉀
ö§
§㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§

·
§Ŷ⦸§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ㉀
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· 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔ðՠ⦸㴴ú﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔远远㉀
Τ
§
﹔
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§ 諀﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔远远㉀
§ ՠ
î§ ՠ
§ 뜘﹔뜘﹔
§ § 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
Ş ﹔§ ﹔§﹔远远㉀
§远§ՠ軨 § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ
§﹔ ﹔⦸§㉀
§ ﹔§远軨⦸⦸﹔远远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔远远㉀
§ö﹔ö§諀 ՠ§諀㉀㴴﹔§ՠ远§
﹔§ ﹔§ՠ
§ՠ
§諀 ՠ§§
㉀§諀㉀㴴§ՠ
§ ﹔
§軨远﹔§ 远§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§㉀§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§﹔﹔§﹔远远㉀
§ՠ
§
㉀§ ﹔§
﹔ §﹔远远㉀
ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§
㉀﹔§㉀諀
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ՠ ﹔§﹔﹔蓨§﹔㉀ö§§
§
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§뜘㉀﹔§﹔㉀ú﹔远远㉀
§ՠ
远ö§



皤



A









MODEL
PERIOD
PLAN

§ŪŞ沤沤§§Ć§§§ §§§§§§§§§§§§§ §§§ӄ

§§Ć姧佨蓨§ ՠ뜘蓨§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§﹔㉀§ՠ
§§

§﹔㉀§㉀§§Ć§§ § § § § § § §§
뜘﹔ĺ§ĖĜ§佨
軨﹔远§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ⵔ﹔뜘ú
㉀⦸ú沤軨ð㉀⦸姧§§§§§佨蓨§㉀﹔蓨§ՠ뜘蓨§ð§⦸軨﹔§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§§ §

ӄ
姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§佨蓨§ ՠ뜘蓨§

﹔뜘﹔姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ş佨ᴐ§

Ŷ ﹔⦸﹔§﹔ՠ

§㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ú§Ū㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远ĺ§

﹔ՠ
﹔§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§湌§

ü Ū㉀뜘﹔§㉀軨§諀 § ﹔§﹔⦸﹔㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§
ü
ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§軨
﹔远ՠ

§㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§ ՠ§远§
ð軨§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ՠ远§諀﹔§ՠ远§
§ ﹔§
ՠ㉀軨远§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远§㉀ § ﹔§軨
ö§
ü 佨ՠ㴴﹔§
﹔﹔
§﹔⦸㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀§﹔ՠö§
ü ﹔远㉀
§ ﹔﹔蓨ö§
§
§

ĆĨĖ§
§
 Item
Details

·
·
沤﹔远§
§⦸軨﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨ö§
﹔ՠ
§ՠ⦸蓨§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远ՠ蓨远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔§뜘蓨§㉀﹔蓨§ ՠ뜘蓨§

·
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§軨远
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
㉀
§ՠ﹔§§n§

· Ş㉀軨§ ﹔﹔
§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
· Ş㉀軨§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ⦸㉀
远§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
· Ş㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨远§軨远﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
·
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔⦸㉀远§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
ö§§
沤ՠ﹔蓨§ ⦸軨﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§

ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§蓨§ՠ远㴴
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
ĆÝ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
nÝ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§﹔㉀﹔§㉀
Œ§
ĐÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§뜘ՠ
§㉀
Œ§
ĖÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§諀㉀뜘ՠ
§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀
Œ§
ĜÝ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
§ՠ§ՠ﹔Œ§
ĢÝ 㰬 ﹔﹔§远§ ﹔§§㉀
Œ§
ĨÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§諀㉀뜘ՠ
§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ蓨
§
§ ﹔§㉀Œ§
ĮÝ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§ՠ§ ﹔
§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
ĴÝ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ՠ§ ﹔远﹔§﹔㉀﹔§﹔㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨Œ§
ĆĀÝ §Ş﹔§ ﹔远﹔§﹔㉀﹔§ ՠ蓨§㉀§远ՠŒ§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§
﹔ 軨ՠ§⦸軨﹔§î§Ū ՠ§ՠ
§Ťՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠ§
佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ú§Ťՠ⦸㴴§
Ť㉀ՠ§㰬㉀㴴§
Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§㉀ § 㰬﹔§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §远軨﹔
远§諀 ㉀§﹔ ㉀뜘﹔§軨§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§
Ū ﹔
远§ 远ՠ
ՠ远ö§
﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§
﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§諀 ㉀§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§远﹔⦸ՠ§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§ՠ
§
 ﹔§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§﹔§﹔⦸㉀﹔ö§§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§ 㰬﹔§ ﹔§㉀远﹔§ՠ
§
﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ远﹔⦸远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ՠ远㉀§﹔⦸㉀远§ ﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§ ՠ远§﹔
 ﹔ö§﹔ú远 ﹔§§ՠ远㉀§
﹔⦸㉀远§ ﹔§ՠ
远§ú§㉀
远§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ 远§ú§ ﹔§㉀諀
§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔ö§

ĆĨĜ§
§

皤



B










MODEL
PERIOD
PLAN

ŪŞ沤沤§§Ć§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ӄ
§§Ćĺ§佨蓨§ ՠ뜘蓨§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ŷⵔۧð§n§

﹔㉀§㉀§§n§§§ §§§§§§§§§ § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§

뜘﹔ĺ§ĖĜ§佨
軨﹔远§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ⵔ﹔뜘ú
㉀⦸ú沤軨ð㉀⦸姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§
佨蓨§㉀﹔蓨§ՠ뜘蓨§§㉀﹔뜘§沤ՠ
ՠ§ð§Ć§§ §

ӄ
姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§佨蓨§ ՠ뜘蓨§

﹔뜘﹔姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ş佨ᴐ§

Expected
learning
outcomes
䔜
Competencies

﹔ՠ
﹔§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§湌§

ü 远﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§ 远§远ՠ
ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü ӄ
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§諀㉀远§ ՠ§
⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ㉀
远§
§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨§
ü Ŷ
㉀蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨 뜘§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü Ű﹔﹔㉀远§ՠ軨﹔远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨ö§

Item
Details

·
·
沤﹔远§
§ՠ
远ՠ⦸
§ ﹔§ Ű远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§㉀
§ ﹔§⦸ ՠö§
㉀﹔뜘§ ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§ ﹔§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ՠ
§⦸ ﹔
§﹔﹔ՠ§ՠ ﹔§ ﹔§

·
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§

·
Ŷ⦸§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ㉀
远§
§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨§§

·
㰬﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠ§㉀§㉀
§ՠ§⦸ ՠö§

·
﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§远
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§
軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§
§㉀軨远ö§
Ş㉀諀§ ﹔뜘§㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴§远㉀뜘﹔§諀㉀远§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§㉀諀
§ ՠ뜘蓨ö§
沤ՠ﹔蓨§ 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ՠ
§
軨ՠ§ՠ⦸蓨§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§远軨㉀§

Ūՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
远§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§

·
·
㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ՠ㉀軨Œ§

·
㰬 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ ﹔远§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ§

·
Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀﹔§蓨㉀軨§뜘㉀ ﹔Œ§

·
㉀諀§远§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘Œ§

·
Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§ 远§㉀﹔뜘Œ§

·
㰬 ㉀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔㉀﹔§뜘﹔
㉀
﹔§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘Œ§

·
Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§㉀§远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ՠ ﹔§뜘﹔Œ§

·
沤 ՠ§諀﹔§远
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§
㉀諀Œ§

﹔§뜘﹔§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔
远§
ՠ뜘﹔远Œ§

ĆĨĢ§
§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§ ㉀﹔뜘§㉀
§ՠ§⦸ ՠî§ ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远î§⦸軨﹔远§㉀ § ՠ뜘蓨§뜘﹔뜘﹔远î§
佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ú§Ťՠ⦸㴴§Ť㉀ՠ§ ⦸ՠ㉀ՠ§⦸軨
远î§ՠ軨㉀§ ﹔§
㰬㉀㴴§
Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§㉀ §Ū ﹔
远§ 远§㉀軨§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§諀 ㉀§⦸ՠ
§ ㉀㉀諀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§

﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§﹔§﹔⦸㉀﹔ö§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§ 㰬﹔§ ﹔§㉀远﹔§ՠ
§
﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ远﹔⦸远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§§

﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ՠ远㉀§﹔⦸㉀远§ ﹔§ՠ远§远ú ﹔§ ՠ远§﹔
 ﹔ö§§
沤ú ﹔§ՠ远㉀§﹔⦸㉀远§ ﹔§ՠ
远§ú§㉀
远§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ 远§ú§ ﹔§㉀諀
§
﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔ö§


皤



C






MODEL
PERIOD
PLAN
for
PERIOD
伸

Ūՠ远远ðⵔ§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ӄ
§§Ćĺ§佨蓨§ ՠ뜘蓨§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§
﹔뜘﹔ĺ§Ş佨ᴐ§

﹔㉀§㉀§§Ģ§§§ § § § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§

뜘﹔ĺ§ĖĜ§佨
軨﹔远§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ⵔ﹔뜘ú
㉀⦸ú沤軨ð㉀⦸姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ՠ 軨远§ ՠ뜘蓨§ՠ﹔§§Ĝ§§§§§§§§§§§§§§

Expected
learning
outcomes
䔜
Competencies

﹔ՠ
﹔§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§湌§

ü 沤ՠ蓨§远㉀뜘﹔ 
§ՠ㉀軨§ 远ú ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨ö§
ü ㉀㉀諀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ö§
ü ﹔ՠ
§
﹔諀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ՠ뜘蓨§ՠ
§ ﹔§諀㉀㴴远ö§
ü ӄ远﹔§ ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§﹔뜘远§
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§远﹔﹔⦸ ﹔远ö§
ü ㉀軨⦸﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§㉀ՠ蓨ö§
ü Ű㉀§ՠ ⦸ՠ§﹔ՠ
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ ö§
§
Item
Details

·
·
沤﹔远§
§ՠ
远ՠ⦸
§ ﹔§ Ű远ՠ蓨§ ﹔§﹔ §㉀
§ՠ§⦸ ՠ§㉀§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠö§

·
﹔远远㉀
§ ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘﹔远ö§

·
Ŷ⦸§ ﹔§﹔ՠ㉀
远§
§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔§㉀§
§Ŷ
远 ö§

·
﹔ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§㉀
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·
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·
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·
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· Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀﹔§蓨㉀軨§ՠ
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﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§﹔§﹔⦸㉀﹔ö§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§ 㰬﹔§ ﹔§㉀远﹔§ՠ
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 ﹔ö§﹔ú远 ﹔§§ՠ远㉀§﹔⦸㉀远§ ﹔§ՠ
远§ú§㉀
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MODEL
PERIOD
PLAN
for
PERIOD
–
Რ

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﹔뜘﹔ĺ§Ş佨ᴐ§

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뜘﹔ĺ§ĖĜ§佨
軨﹔远§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ⵔ﹔뜘ú
㉀⦸ú沤軨ð㉀⦸姧§§§§§§§㰬
§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔§§ՠ﹔§ĆĖ§ðĆĨ§ §

Expected
learning
outcomes
䔜
Competencies

﹔ՠ
﹔§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀ĺ§

ü
ü
ⵔ
㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀§뜘﹔⦸ ՠ
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ü ㉀㉀諀§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ՠ﹔
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ü ﹔ՠ§远㉀뜘﹔§
﹔諀§諀㉀远§諀 § ﹔§ ﹔§㉀ §諀㉀远§諀 §㉀﹔§﹔﹔远ö§
ü ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§远ՠ§ՠ
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§㉀
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Item
Details

沤﹔远§
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§ ﹔§ · Ş远㴴§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀§§ĆĖ§㉀§

·
㉀﹔뜘§ 뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§ՠ蓨§﹔ՠö§

·
Ş远㴴§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§⦸㉀㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§ՠ§諀㉀㴴§ՠ⦸蓨ö§

·
Ş远㴴§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§远 ㉀諀§ ﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀§ ﹔§﹔
﹔§⦸ՠ远远ö§
Ş远㴴§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§远ՠ蓨§远㉀뜘﹔ 
§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ՠ諀
§ՠ
§

·
⦸㉀㉀軨
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

·
Űՠ諀§ՠ§ ﹔諀§ ㉀㉀
ՠ§
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§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠö§

·
軨§㉀远§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§远㉀㴴﹔远§ ՠ§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀§﹔§
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·

﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀
远§ ﹔§㉀远§ ㉀㉀諀
§ ﹔§軨﹔远§㉀ §諀
§远㉀㴴﹔远ö§

·
沤軨﹔
远§㉀远﹔﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀
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§㉀
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§
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ⵔ
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§諀 § ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远ö§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§远軨㉀§

Ūՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
远§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§远軨﹔
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·
·
§ 沤 ՠ§諀﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀远§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§§ՠ§ՠ蓨ð﹔ՠŒ§

·
沤 ՠ§諀﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨§ 远§ՠ蓨ð﹔ՠŒ§

·
㰬 ՠ§⦸㉀㉀軨远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§㉀§﹔§Œ§

·
㉀諀§远§ 远ú ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
沤 ՠ§諀﹔§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§諀
Œ§

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 · Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§﹔﹔远§㉀ §Ŷ
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· Ūՠ
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· ㉀諀§㉀§諀﹔§ՠ諀§ՠ§⦸⦸﹔§⦸㉀⦸㴴ð諀远﹔§㉀§ՠ
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· Ūՠ
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﹔ՠ⦸ 
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
§ ՠ远⦸§뜘㉀軨﹔§﹔﹔远§
佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ú§Ťՠ⦸㴴§Ť㉀ՠ§ Ūՠð㉀ՠ§⦸軨﹔远§
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﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔远㉀
§㉀ §ՠ蓨ð﹔ՠ§⦸軨﹔ö§

Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
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ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
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Ū ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ ĆĢö§§

﹔§远軨﹔
远§諀 §㉀㉀§뜘﹔⦸ ՠ
⦸远§㉀ § ՠ
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﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀

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佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ú§Ťՠ⦸㴴§Ť㉀ՠ§ ⦸軨
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﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§﹔远㉀
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﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀

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
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A






MODEL
PERIOD
PLAN
–
CLASS
–

–
PERIOD
伸
Რ

﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§뜘㉀﹔§뜘㉀﹔§﹔远远㉀
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뜘﹔ĺ§ĖĜ§佨
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﹔ՠ⦸ 
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㉀⦸ú沤軨ð㉀⦸ĺ§㰬ՠ㴴﹔§軨§ð§⦸軨﹔§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
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﹔뜘﹔ĺ§◤㉀㉀§ ՠ远§§

ĆĮĀ§
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Expected
learning
outcomes
䔜
Competencies

﹔ՠ
﹔§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§湌§

ü 远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨§ՠ

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Details

·
·
沤﹔远§
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·

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§軨远
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

·
Ş㉀軨§ ﹔﹔
§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

·
Ş㉀軨§ ﹔§远⦸﹔
⦸§﹔ՠ軨蓨§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

·
Ş㉀軨§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ
뜘ՠ远§ՠ
§远§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

·
Ş㉀軨§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ⦸㉀
远§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

·
Ş㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨远§軨远﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

·

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔⦸㉀远§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
ö§§

﹔远§ ﹔§ ㉀軨 远§㉀ §远軨﹔
远§㉀諀ՠ远§ ﹔§뜘ՠ
§ ﹔뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔远远㉀
ö§
沤ՠ﹔蓨§ ⦸軨﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§

ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§蓨§ՠ远㴴
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
ĆÝ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
nÝ 㰬 ՠ§뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ蓨§§远Œ§㉀諀§⦸ՠ
§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ蓨Œ§
ĐÝ Ş﹔§ ﹔﹔§ՠ
蓨§远§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
ĖÝ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀
Œ§
ĜÝ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§ ㉀远﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
ĢÝ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§⦸ ⦸㴴远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
ĨÝ Ş﹔§ ﹔﹔§ՠ
蓨§軨⦸㴴远§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
ĮÝ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔远§㉀
Œ§
ĴÝ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远ՠ㉀諀远§远
Œ§
ĆĀÝ ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸㉀諀§
㴴
§諀ՠ﹔§㉀§뜘㴴Œ§
ĆĆÝ 㰬 ﹔
§㉀§蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ㴴﹔§軨Œ§
ĆnÝ ⵔ远§§ ﹔远 §
§ ﹔§뜘㉀

Œ§
ĆĐÝ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀§
§ ﹔§뜘㉀

远Œ§
ĆĖÝ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§ ﹔§远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨⦸㴴㉀㉀§Œ§
ĆĜÝ ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔﹔§远﹔﹔
§ՠ§远ՠ㉀諀Œ§
ĆĢÝ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§ ㉀远﹔远§﹔ՠŒ§
ĆĨÝ §㰬㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ§ՠ§㉀﹔뜘§㉀
§ ﹔远 §뜘㉀

远§ú§㉀㉀§ ՠ远Œ§

ĆĮƧ
§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§
﹔ 軨ՠ§⦸軨﹔§î§Ū ՠ§ՠ
§Ťՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠ§
佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ú§Ťՠ⦸㴴§Ť㉀ՠ§ ާ⦸ ՠ§諀 §
﹔ՠ⦸﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
㰬㉀㴴§
Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§㉀ § 㰬﹔§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §远軨﹔
远§諀 ㉀§﹔ ㉀뜘﹔§軨§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§
Ū ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ 远ՠ
ՠ远ö§

﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§諀 ㉀§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§远﹔⦸ՠ§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§ՠ
§ ﹔§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§﹔§﹔⦸㉀﹔ö§§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§ 㰬﹔§ ﹔§㉀远﹔§ՠ
§
﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ远﹔⦸远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
ՠ远㉀§﹔⦸㉀远§ ﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§ ՠ远§﹔
 ﹔ö§﹔ú远 ﹔§ՠ远㉀§﹔⦸㉀远§ ﹔§
ՠ
远§ú§㉀
远§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ 远§ú§ ﹔§㉀諀
§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔ö§


皤
ૼ

B

MODEL
PERIOD
PLAN
for
CLASS
–

–
PERIOD
伸

Unit
–
Რ

















































Period
No
–












Time



Minutes

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ⵔ﹔뜘ú
㉀⦸ú沤軨ð㉀⦸姧§§§§§§§§§ 㰬ՠ㴴﹔§軨§§㉀﹔뜘§Ć§Ë§n§沤ՠ
ՠ远§§ § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§

﹔뜘﹔姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§◤㉀㉀§ ՠ远§§

Expected
learning
outcomes
䔜
Competencies

﹔ՠ
﹔§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§湌§

ü Ŷ
㉀蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔§ՠ
§ 蓨 뜘§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü Ŷ
㉀蓨§ ﹔§远⦸﹔
⦸§﹔ՠ軨蓨§ú§뜘ՠ﹔蓨§﹔远﹔
﹔§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü 远﹔
§㉀§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
ü ﹔ՠ
远§ՠ
§軨远﹔远§
﹔諀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
ü ﹔ՠ§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§
﹔﹔
﹔
蓨ö§
ü 沤
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ՠ
§﹔
㉀蓨§ö§
§
Item
Details

·
·
沤﹔远§
§ՠ
远ՠ⦸
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ远ö§
 ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远ՠ蓨远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔§諀ՠ㴴﹔§軨§㉀
§ՠ﹔§

·
Ćðn§远ՠ
ՠ远§ §n§

·

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§軨远
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

·

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远ՠ蓨远§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§

·
Ş远㴴远§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§ՠ﹔뜘§ ﹔§軨
﹔§㉀§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§

·
Ş远㴴远§ ﹔뜘§㉀§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§
﹔﹔
﹔
蓨ö§

·
﹔远﹔
§ ﹔§軨
﹔§諀 §ՠ軨㉀§远軨㉀ö§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§×远
远ݧ ﹔§Ćðn§远ՠ
ՠ远§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§×뜘㉀﹔§

·
﹔ՠ
ݧ

·
沤軨﹔
远§﹔﹔ՠ§ՠ ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
﹔远﹔
§ ﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨§諀 § ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§远軨㉀§ö§

ĆĮn§
§
 ·
·

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㉀﹔远§ՠ㉀
ՠ§㉀远远ՠ蓨§ §﹔䜜軨﹔ö§§

·
沤軨﹔
远§﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘
§諀㉀远§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§軨远§远㉀뜘﹔§远뜘﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀§㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§

· 㰬﹔远§ ﹔§远﹔⦸ ⦸§ՠ

远諀﹔远§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠö§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
ö§

·
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔ ՠ
远§ՠ
§⦸ՠ ﹔远§ ﹔§ ㉀軨 远§㉀ §㉀﹔ö§§
· Ş远㴴远§㉀§㉀§ՠ⦸蓨§軨远
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸蓨§⦸ՠ远ö§×远§㉀軨§ ﹔§

· Ş远远
远§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘﹔ðՠ远㴴ö§

§ 
远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ݧ

沤ՠ﹔蓨§ ⦸軨﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ
§
軨ՠ§ՠ
§㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ
§
ՠ⦸蓨ö§

ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸远§諀 § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§蓨§ՠ远㴴
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
ĆÝ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
nÝ 㰬 ՠ§뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ蓨§§远Œ§§
ĐÝ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ㴴﹔§軨§﹔ՠ蓨§
§ ﹔§뜘㉀

Œ§
ĖÝ Ūՠ
§蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘Œ§
ĜÝ ㉀諀§远§ ﹔§ՠ蓨Œ§
ĢÝ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远Œ§
ĨÝ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远§㉀
Œ§
ĮÝ 㰬 ՠ§远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀Œ§
ĴÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

§㉀ §远﹔﹔蓨§ ﹔ՠŒ§
ĆĀÝ 㰬 ՠ§远㉀軨
§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔远§뜘ՠ㴴
Œ§
ĆĆÝ Ūՠ
§蓨㉀軨§﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘
§諀㉀远Œ§
ĆnÝ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘Œ§
ĆĐÝ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§
§ 
远§뜘﹔
㉀
﹔§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘Œ§
ĆĖÝ 㰬 ⦸ §⦸﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§뜘㉀远Œ§§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§
﹔ 軨ՠ§⦸軨﹔§î§Ū ՠ§ՠ
§Ťՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠ§î§ ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远î§﹔ §㉀ § ﹔§
佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ú§Ťՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀﹔뜘§㉀
§ՠ§⦸ ՠö§
Ť㉀ՠ§㰬㉀㴴§ ާ⦸ ՠ§諀 §
﹔ՠ⦸﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§

Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§㉀ § 㰬﹔§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §远軨﹔
远§諀 ㉀§﹔ ㉀뜘﹔§軨§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§
Ū ﹔
远§ 远ՠ
ՠ远ö§
﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§
﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§諀 ㉀§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§远﹔⦸ՠ§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§ՠ
§ ﹔§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§﹔§﹔⦸㉀﹔ö§§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
远§ 㰬﹔§ ﹔§㉀远﹔§ՠ
§
﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ远﹔⦸远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ՠ远㉀§﹔⦸㉀远§ ﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§ ՠ远§﹔
 ﹔ö§﹔ú远 ﹔§§ՠ远㉀§
﹔⦸㉀远§ ﹔§ՠ
远§ú§㉀
远§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ 远§ú§ ﹔§㉀諀
§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔ö§

ĆĮЧ
§

皤
ૼ
C




MODEL
PERIOD
PLAN
for
CLASS
–


and
PERIOD
伸


ŪŞ沤沤§§Ĝ§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ § § § § § § ӄ
§§Ć§

﹔㉀§㉀§§Ĝ§§ § § § § § § §
뜘﹔ĺ§ĖĜ§佨
軨﹔远§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ⵔ﹔뜘ú
㉀⦸ú沤軨ð㉀⦸姧§§§§§§§ՠ뜘
㉀§ ﹔远ՠ§ՠՠՠ §§Ć§

﹔뜘﹔姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ū㉀
远﹔ՠ㉀
§㉀ §
ՠ軨﹔§§

Expected
learning
outcomes
䔜
Competencies

﹔ՠ
﹔§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀ĺ§

ü
ü
﹔ՠ远§ ﹔§﹔ §
﹔﹔
﹔
蓨ö§
Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ö§
ü
ՠ㴴远§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§
§ ﹔§﹔远远㉀
ö§
ü 佨ՠ㴴﹔远§
﹔﹔
§﹔⦸㉀
远§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§㉀﹔远远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ ö§
ü ﹔ՠ
远§ՠ
§軨远﹔远§
﹔諀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
§ 远ú ﹔§ՠ蓨§ ﹔ö§
ü
ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ§
§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
远§諀 § 远§ ՠ뜘蓨§뜘﹔뜘﹔远ö§
ü ㉀軨⦸﹔远§﹔﹔ՠ
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§远軨ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§﹔﹔§ú§﹔远远㉀
ö§
§
Item
Details

沤﹔远§
§ՠ
远ՠ⦸
§ · ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§⦸㉀

﹔⦸§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔§⦸軨﹔§諀 §

·
 ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ö§ ﹔ՠ
§ՠ远远ՠ﹔ö§
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Individual
Reading


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Support
to
Low伸proficient
Learners

·
·
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﹔ՠ⦸§諀 § ﹔§﹔ՠ
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·
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﹔远§㉀§ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远軨ð﹔ §諀 § ﹔§

· Ū㉀
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Collaborative
learning

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Extrapolating
the
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Reading
aloud
by
the
teacher

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Reading
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㉀﹔远§
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§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ﹔⦸㉀
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









TEACHING
LEARNING
MATERIALS




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﹔﹔§㉀§ ՠ뜘﹔§⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘î§ ﹔§㉀﹔
§軨﹔§ՠ﹔§远§Ş﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ远§㉀远﹔ö§§



뜀







MATERIAL
DEVELOPMENT




佨ՠ
蓨§㴴
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ĴÝ Űՠ§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远§
§

뜀
Რ





TEXT伸BOOK
AND
ITS
ROLE



§§ ާ﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§远§ՠ§뜘ՠ
軨ՠ§㉀ §
远軨⦸㉀
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“A text-book is a printed instructional material in bound form, the contents of which
are properly organized and intended for use in elementary or high school curricula.”

ĆĮĨ§
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 - Warren (1981:43)
§

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ö§§



뜀







CHALK伸BOARDS

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ĆĮĮ§
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
뜀
ૼ




RADIO



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§ ՠ⦸㉀远远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ 远㉀﹔远§ 
§ 
ՠ⦸⦸﹔远远﹔§ ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 軨远
§ ՠ㉀远ö§ Ű軨
§ ՠ﹔§
蓨﹔ՠ远§ ՠ㉀§ 諀ՠ远§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀﹔§
㉀
ð ㉀뜘ՠ§ ﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§ ՠ뜘﹔远§ ՠ
§ ㉀軨远﹔諀﹔远§ ՠ㉀
§ 諀 §
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뜘﹔
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§ ㉀뜘ՠ§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ՠ远㉀ö§ՠ㉀§
⦸㉀軨§⦸ՠ軨﹔§ ﹔§﹔远§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ՠ
§远﹔ՠ§ §㉀§ 远﹔﹔ՠ§远⦸ ㉀㉀远§ՠ§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§뜘﹔ö§
ՠ㉀§ՠ远㉀§ ﹔﹔§
§㉀
§軨ՠ
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§
远軨뜘﹔
§㉀ §

远軨⦸㉀
ö§
ՠ뜘§§﹔⦸ 軨㴴㉀
ՠ뜘§远§ՠ§㉀ՠ뜘뜘﹔§ ՠ§远§

§§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔远远㉀
远§
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㉀諀ՠՠ蓨远§
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§ ՠ远§﹔ՠ⦸﹔§ ﹔§ՠ㉀§ՠ远§ՠ
§
远軨⦸㉀
ՠ§﹔⦸﹔ö§§
§

뜀






BLUE
TOOTH
SPEAKER



Ş ﹔§  ﹔§  ﹔
㉀뜘﹔
ՠ§ ㉀諀 § ㉀ § ⦸﹔ð ㉀
﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 軨㉀远﹔远§ § ՠ远§ ﹔
﹔﹔§  ﹔§
㉀뜘ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ远§ ՠ
§ 뜘㉀ՠ
§ ㉀㉀ö§Ť軨§ ㉀§ 軨远
§  ﹔§ ՠ軨㉀§㉀ § 蓨뜘﹔远î§ ﹔⦸㉀﹔§ ﹔远远㉀
远§ 諀﹔§

﹔﹔§ՠ
§ՠ뜘 蓨
§﹔⦸﹔ö§㉀§ ՠ§軨㉀远﹔§ ﹔§軨﹔§㉀㉀ §远﹔ՠ㴴﹔远§ ՠ﹔§﹔⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ՠ
蓨ö§
﹔蓨§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§軨㉀远﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§㉀ՠ﹔î§⦸ՠ
§﹔§⦸㉀

﹔⦸﹔§諀 ㉀軨§諀﹔远§ՠ

§ ﹔§ՠ﹔蓨§
远§ ﹔⦸ ՠ﹔ՠ﹔ö§ 佨ՠ
蓨§ 諀﹔远﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀ ﹔
§ ﹔﹔§ ㉀諀
㉀ՠՠ﹔§ ՠ軨㉀§ ㉀ §  蓨뜘﹔远î§ ㉀﹔뜘远§ ՠ
§
﹔远远㉀
远ö§ 佨ՠ
蓨§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 远ՠ﹔§ 軨远
§ 軨﹔ð㉀㉀ § 远﹔ՠ㴴﹔远§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ ՠ
§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
Ŷ
远 §§远§ՠ§㉀諀§⦸㉀远§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§⦸㉀뜘ՠ﹔§㉀§㉀ ﹔§﹔⦸﹔远ö§
§


뜀







AUTHENTIC
MATERIALS§
§
Ş軨 ﹔
⦸ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远 §远 §ՠ §﹔뜘 §軨远﹔ §蓨 §ö §ö §Ū㉀㉀㴴ö §﹔ §远ՠ蓨远î §풴Authentic materials are
those materials that are not produced for the purposes of teaching” – V. J. Cook.

ⵔ
§㉀軨§ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ 諀﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ⦸㉀远远§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 㴴﹔§ ﹔﹔⦸⦸蓨§î§ ՠ
§ ⦸㴴﹔î§ՠ
㴴§﹔㉀远§
㉀뜘î§ՠ§軨远﹔§⦸ ﹔䜜軨﹔î§ՠ§㉀⦸﹔蓨§î§㉀⦸ 軨﹔§
§ՠ§㉀軨远§ՠ⦸﹔§﹔⦸ö§㰬﹔§⦸ՠ
§軨远﹔§远軨⦸ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ㉀§
 ﹔﹔
§ 軨㉀远﹔远§ 
§ ㉀軨§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§ 㰬﹔§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § 远 ՠ﹔远î§ 远﹔远î§ ⦸㉀㉀軨远î§ ⦸㉀뜘ՠ远㉀
远î§
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§﹔⦸î§蓨§軨远
§ ㉀远﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§沤軨⦸ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ﹔§ ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§㰬﹔§⦸ՠ
§
﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§㉀§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
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远 §⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§蓨§軨远
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§
﹔远§远﹔﹔§ ㉀諀§ՠ§ՠ諀ՠ蓨§⦸㴴﹔§⦸ՠ
§﹔§軨远﹔§㉀§﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§
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諀㉀§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔§
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§
Şĺ§§§§ 㰬 ﹔
§諀ՠ远§ 远§ՠ諀ՠ蓨§⦸㴴﹔§㉀軨 Œ§
Ťĺ§ § § § ާĮöĀĀ§ՠö뜘ö§
Şĺ§ § § § 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§⦸㉀远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸㴴﹔Œ§
Ťĺ§ § § § 远önĀúð§
Şĺ§§§§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§§ ﹔§ՠ远远﹔
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Τ
Ťĺ§ § § § ާ﹔㉀﹔ö§
Şĺ§§§§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§§ ﹔§ՠ远远﹔
﹔§﹔§㉀ Œ§
Ťĺ§ § § § ާ䇼ՠՠö§
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⦸﹔§ՠ﹔﹔Œ§
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㴴﹔§ 远§ ﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
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軨﹔§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§远㉀뜘﹔§뜘㉀﹔§뜘﹔ö§Ş§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
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远諀﹔远§ ㉀軨
§ ﹔§远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§ՠ諀ՠ蓨§⦸㴴﹔ö§§
§
ⵔ §諀﹔ §⦸㉀﹔⦸ §远軨⦸ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远 §ՠ
 §軨 § ﹔뜘 §
§ՠ §㉀ §㉀ §ՠ §ՠî § ՠ §远 §⦸ՠ﹔ §Ŷ
远 §
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§䇼ö§㰬﹔§⦸ՠ
§軨§远㉀뜘﹔§远㉀
﹔远î§⦸ ㉀⦸㉀ՠ﹔§諀ՠ﹔远î§﹔⦸﹔远î§远ՠ뜘远î§⦸ՠ㉀ՠ§﹔⦸﹔远î§
ՠ﹔§远远î§⦸
﹔뜘ՠ§⦸㴴﹔远î§㉀㉀ §ՠ远﹔§⦸ՠ㉀
远§﹔⦸ö§
§ՠ
§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§䇼ö§§
§

뜀








PICTURE
DRAWING



⦸軨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔远远﹔
ՠ§ 諀 ﹔
§ § ⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔
ՠ
§ 远軨﹔
远§ 諀 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ§
﹔諀§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ§ ՠ
蓨§ ﹔﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ 远軨⦸⦸﹔远远 軨§ 远軨蓨§ ՠ远§ 軨
§ ﹔远远㉀
远î§ ՠ
§  ﹔蓨§ ⦸ՠ
§ ՠ⦸§ ՠ远§
軨远﹔ 軨§㉀뜘远§㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§諀 ﹔
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§諀﹔§軨远﹔§⦸軨﹔远§

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§ 远§ ㉀§ 

§ 远軨ՠ§ ՠ远§ 
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§
諀 §㉀
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§Ñ⦸軨﹔ѧ㉀§ ﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔§ ﹔뜘ö§
§
Predict



沤軨﹔
远§⦸ՠ
§㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§⦸軨﹔远§㉀§諀ՠ⦸ § ﹔§ 远§ՠ§㉀ §ՠ§﹔㉀§
§㉀﹔§㉀§﹔⦸§諀 ՠ§ ﹔§
㉀⦸§㉀ § ﹔§﹔远远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ⦸蓨§諀§﹔§ՠ㉀軨ö§
§
Interact




﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§⦸㉀
ՠ蓨î§
§諀 ⦸ §ՠ蓨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§㉀§軨﹔远远§远﹔⦸ ⦸§諀㉀远§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ뜘§
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§ՠ⦸﹔远§ ՠ§⦸ՠ
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ö§ⵔ
§㉀﹔§㉀§﹔
ՠ﹔§远軨﹔
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蓨§㉀§ ՠ § ﹔§⦸ՠ远远î§ՠ
§ՠ远㴴§ ﹔뜘§㉀§﹔远⦸﹔§㉀§ ﹔§
㉀ ﹔§ ՠ §諀 ՠ§  ﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
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远§ 远﹔⦸㉀
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远軨﹔
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﹔§ 諀§ 远﹔﹔§ 远㉀뜘﹔ 
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§
㉀뜘§ ﹔§㉀ ﹔远î§ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸蓨§諀§远﹔
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Create

§
沤軨﹔
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§ՠ§远﹔䜜軨﹔
⦸﹔§㉀ §⦸軨﹔远î§㉀î§ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§諀ՠ
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
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Talk



ާ  ﹔§ ﹔

﹔§ ﹔﹔î§远㉀뜘﹔§ 远軨﹔

远§ ՠ⦸﹔远§ ㉀§ ՠ
㴴§ 諀 ﹔
§  ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ远㴴﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ
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䜜軨﹔远㉀
ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ⦸ՠ
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⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ ﹔﹔
§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔﹔
§

ĆĴĀ§
§
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﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
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§ ﹔§远軨﹔
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§
Understand



㰬 ՠ远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远﹔远§諀ՠ蓨§㉀§﹔ ՠ
§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

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軨蓨§﹔䜜軨﹔î§軨§ ﹔蓨§⦸ՠ
§ ㉀§﹔﹔蓨 
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蓨㉀軨 §远軨﹔
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 § ﹔뜘 §ՠ §⦸軨﹔ö §Ş §⦸軨﹔ §
﹔
﹔ՠ﹔远§
﹔﹔远§ՠ
§ ﹔远§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§뜘﹔뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§諀㉀远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ö§
§
Reflect



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Enact



ⵔ
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蓨§⦸ՠ远远î§ ﹔﹔§远§軨远軨ՠ蓨§远㉀뜘﹔㉀
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㉀ § ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远§ ՠ
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§ ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远§
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㉀§﹔ ﹔远远§ ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远§
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
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皤

CUT伸OUTS

ӄ远
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FLASH
CARDS

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WHERE
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ü Buy
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ACTIVITIES
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CARDS

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THEATRE

§

﹔ՠ﹔§远§ՠ§㉀㉀§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ 
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Theatre in Education:

Theatre is one of the most powerful, yet least utilised art forms in education. In the exploration
of self in relation to others, the development of understanding of the self, and of critical empathy,
not only for humans but also towards the natural, physical and social worlds, theatre is a
medium par excellence. Dramatising texts is only one small part of theatre. Much more
significant experiences are possible through role play, theatre exercises, body and voice

control and movement, and group and spontaneous enactments. Such experiences are important
not only for teachers in their own development, but also for teachers to provide to children.–

- NCF-2005§§

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Ŷ
⦸㉀軨ՠ
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§諀﹔§ ﹔§
﹔諀远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀
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§
㉀ §㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔ö§§


English
Language
Club



沤軨﹔
远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔뜘远﹔﹔远§
㉀§ՠ
§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
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Role伸Play



Ū ﹔
§ՠ㴴﹔ðՠ§
§㉀﹔ðՠ蓨远§ՠ
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軨ՠ﹔§ 諀 ﹔§ ՠ蓨
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軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘远§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§
ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ ㉀軨 §㉀﹔ðՠ蓨远ö§Ū ﹔
§㴴﹔§㉀§ՠ蓨§ ﹔§㉀﹔远§㉀ §㉀ ﹔远ö§㉀§﹔ ĺ§﹔﹔ՠ﹔§﹔
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﹔﹔諀﹔î§⦸
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Quiz




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Just
a
minute
JAM傈



Just
a
Minute§远 §ՠ §﹔蓨 §㉀軨ՠ §Ť远 §ՠ㉀ §䜜軨 §ՠ뜘﹔ §諀 ⦸ §远 §﹔ՠ § ㉀ §
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諀﹔ö§§
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Background




﹔§ 
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蓨§远軨⦸ §ՠ⦸﹔远ö§



ᲠᲠ







GAMES
FOR
LEARNING
ENGLISH



◤ՠ뜘﹔远§ՠ
§ 軨
§ՠ⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§ՠ§ՠ§ՠ§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
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◤ՠ뜘﹔远§⦸ՠ
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Რ傈
Board
Race

Ť㉀ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔§远§ՠ§ 軨
§ՠ뜘﹔§ ՠ§远§軨远﹔§ ㉀§﹔远
§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§諀 ﹔ ﹔§§﹔§諀㉀远§ ㉀뜘§
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§蓨㉀軨§ՠ軨 §ՠ远§諀﹔﹔㴴ö§ⵔ§⦸ՠ
§ՠ远㉀§﹔§軨远﹔§ՠ§

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v Why
use
it?§§㉀§﹔远
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v Who
it䁨s
best
for
§Ş㉀ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ՠ§﹔﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ﹔远§

How to play:

Ø 沤§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
㉀§諀㉀§﹔ՠ뜘远§ՠ
§﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔ՠ뜘§ՠ§⦸㉀㉀﹔§뜘ՠ㴴﹔ö§
Ø ⵔ §蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远î§§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§﹔﹔§㉀§远§ ﹔§远軨﹔
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Ø Űՠ諀§ՠ§
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Ø Ŷՠ⦸ § ﹔ՠ뜘§ 諀
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﹔ՠՠ﹔§ ㉀§
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傈

Call
My
Bluff
䔜
Two
Truths
and
a
Lie

Ūՠ§佨蓨§Ť軨 §远§ՠ§ 軨
§ՠ뜘﹔§諀 ⦸ §远§﹔ ﹔⦸§ՠ§ ﹔§远ՠ§㉀ §﹔뜘§ՠ远§ՠ§﹔
§㉀§㴴
㉀諀§
蓨㉀軨§㴴
§㉀ §ՠ뜘﹔ö§ⵔ§远§ՠ远㉀§ՠ§ՠ
§⦸﹔§﹔ՠ㴴﹔§﹔諀﹔﹔
§远軨﹔
远§ §蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠ⦸ §⦸ՠ远远﹔远§諀 ㉀§㉀§

㉀§㴴
㉀諀§㉀
﹔§ՠ
㉀ ﹔§ðð§ՠ
§﹔远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§﹔远远﹔
ՠ§ §蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ§远뜘ՠ§⦸ՠ远远§远﹔ö§

﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§远§﹔ ⦸﹔﹔
§ ㉀§ՠ⦸⦸
§远﹔ՠ㴴
§远㴴远î§ ㉀軨 § 뜘ՠ㴴﹔§远軨﹔§蓨㉀軨§ 远ՠ﹔§ՠ§뜘﹔§
㉀§ՠ ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔
§㉀
§ՠ
蓨§뜘远ՠ㴴﹔远§远軨﹔
远§뜘ՠ蓨§ ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§軨
§ ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔ö§§

㰬 §㉀﹔§㉀軨远§蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ

§ ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§﹔ՠ§ 軨
§ՠ
§蓨㉀軨§뜘 §﹔§远軨远﹔§諀 ՠ§蓨㉀軨§
﹔ՠ
§ՠ㉀軨§远㉀뜘﹔§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔
远§諀 ﹔
§ՠ蓨
§ 远§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔ö§

v Why
use
it?§§§§§ⵔ⦸﹔ð﹔ՠ㴴﹔›§沤﹔ՠ㴴
§远㴴远§
v Who
it䁨s
best
for
§§§Ş㉀ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ՠ§﹔﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ﹔远§

v How
to
play


§

Ø 㰬﹔§Đ§远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
远§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨远﹔ §㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠî§諀㉀§㉀ §諀 ⦸ §远 ㉀軨§﹔§﹔远§ՠ
§



§

㉀
﹔§諀 ⦸ §远 ㉀軨§﹔§軨﹔ö§
Ø Ş㉀諀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 远軨﹔
远§ ㉀§ ՠ远㴴§ 蓨㉀軨§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ՠ㉀軨§﹔ՠ⦸ § 远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
§ ՠ
§  ﹔
§ 軨﹔远远§
諀 ⦸ §㉀
﹔§远§ ﹔§軨 ö§ᴐ㉀軨§뜘 §諀ՠ
§㉀§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§蓨㉀軨§㉀㴴﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔§﹔ ㉀﹔§远ՠ
§

Ø ⵔ § ﹔蓨§軨﹔远远§⦸㉀﹔⦸蓨§ ﹔
§ ﹔蓨§諀
ö§
 远§ՠ뜘﹔­§

v Extension
§§

Ø ◤﹔§远軨﹔
远§뜘﹔§㉀§諀﹔§ ﹔§㉀諀
§諀㉀§軨 远§ՠ
§㉀
﹔§﹔ö§
Ø ՠ§ ﹔뜘§軨§ՠ
§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§ՠ蓨§ՠՠ
î§ 远§뜘﹔§諀 § ﹔§远î§諀 § ﹔§
﹔諀§
ՠ
﹔ö§ⵔ §蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ
§㉀§﹔ՠ蓨§﹔ ﹔
§ ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§ՠ
§﹔§远軨﹔
远§﹔﹔
§뜘㉀﹔§뜘﹔§㉀§

Ø Ť
§ ﹔§ 諀 ㉀﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远§ՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀﹔ ﹔§ՠ
§ ՠ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ ՠ

㉀軨
⦸﹔§㉀
﹔§
﹔諀§  
§
ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ ﹔§远﹔ՠ㴴
ú远﹔

§远㴴远î§㉀ՠ﹔§ՠ
﹔远§﹔﹔蓨§ ﹔§뜘
軨﹔远ö§

 ﹔蓨§﹔ՠ
﹔§ՠ㉀軨§ՠ
㉀ ﹔§远軨﹔
§ՠ远§ՠ§﹔⦸ՠö§
nĀĀ§
§
ૼ傈


Simon
Says

远§ 远§ ՠ
§ ﹔ ⦸﹔﹔
§ ՠ뜘﹔§ ㉀§蓨㉀軨
§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§ 㰬 ﹔ ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨﹔§ 諀ՠ㴴
§  ﹔뜘§ 軨§ ㉀
§ ՠ§
佨㉀
ՠ蓨§ 뜘㉀

§㉀§ 远﹔

§  ﹔뜘§ ㉀뜘﹔§㉀
§ ՠ§ ՠ蓨§ ՠ ﹔
㉀㉀
î§  远§ ㉀
﹔§ 远§ ㉀軨
§ ㉀§ ﹔§  ﹔뜘§
﹔ ⦸﹔§ ՠ
§ 諀ՠ

§뜘㉀﹔ö§
﹔§㉀
蓨§ՠ
﹔§諀 § 远§ՠ뜘﹔§远§ ՠ§远軨﹔
远§
﹔﹔§諀ՠ
§㉀§远㉀§
ՠ蓨
§ö§

Ø Why
use
it?§远﹔

§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
›§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨›§㰬ՠ뜘
§軨ú諀

§㉀諀
§⦸ՠ远远§
Ø Who
it䁨s
best
for
§ᴐ㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§

How to Play:

Ø 沤ՠ
§
§ ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§×蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§沤뜘㉀
§ ㉀§ ﹔§軨ՠ㉀
§㉀ § 远§ՠ뜘﹔Ýö§
Ø Ű㉀§ՠ
§ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ
§远ՠ蓨§沤뜘㉀
§沤ՠ蓨远§㓔ՠ⦸㉀
聤ö§
﹔§远軨﹔
远§뜘軨远§⦸㉀蓨§諀 ՠ§蓨㉀軨§㉀ö§
Ø ﹔﹔ՠ§ 远§㉀⦸﹔远远§⦸ ㉀㉀远
§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ⦸㉀
远§ð§蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠ远§远蓨§ՠ远§蓨㉀軨§ 㴴﹔§ՠ
§  ﹔§
远﹔§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§諀§㉀﹔§蓨㉀軨§ ㉀§ö§
Ø
﹔
§㉀§ՠ
§ՠ⦸㉀
§軨§ 远§뜘﹔§远ՠ蓨§㉀
蓨§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ
§㉀뜘§沤뜘㉀
§沤ՠ蓨远ö§㰬 ㉀﹔﹔§㉀﹔远§
 ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
§ 远§뜘﹔§远§㉀軨§ՠ
§뜘軨远§远§㉀諀
ö§
Ø
﹔§諀

﹔§远§ ﹔§ՠ远§远軨﹔
§远ՠ

ö§
Ø
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§§ ՠ﹔î§远﹔﹔§軨§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
远ö§﹔諀ՠ§⦸ ﹔
§ ㉀§㉀㉀§﹔ ՠ㉀§蓨§ՠ㉀諀
§
 ﹔뜘§㉀§ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ՠ§㉀ §沤뜘㉀
ö§

§

傈


Word
Jumble
Race

远§ 远§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ§ ՠ뜘﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ뜘§ 諀㉀㴴§ ՠ
§ 
§ ՠ§ 远﹔
远﹔§ ㉀ §⦸㉀뜘﹔㉀
§ ㉀§  ﹔§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§ ㉀§ 뜘ՠ﹔§ ㉀諀§ ㉀§ 諀﹔§ ՠ﹔î§ 諀﹔§ ՠ§ ㉀﹔§ ՠ§ ㉀㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔㉀
§ ՠ
§  远§ ՠ뜘﹔§ 諀㉀㴴远§
諀㉀
﹔远§ 諀 § ՠ§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀軨远ö§ⵔ§ 远§ ﹔ ﹔⦸§ ㉀§ՠ⦸⦸
§ ﹔
远﹔远î§諀㉀§ ㉀﹔î§﹔ՠ
§Ë§ 諀
§
远㴴远§ՠ
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠö§

Ø Why
use
it?§◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ›§㰬㉀§﹔›§沤﹔

›§㰬
§沤㴴远§
Ø Who
it䁨s
best
for
§Şՠՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ§﹔﹔远úՠ﹔远§

nĀƧ
§
How to play:

远§ՠ뜘﹔§﹔䜜軨﹔远§远㉀뜘﹔§ՠ


§﹔ ㉀﹔§ ﹔§﹔远远㉀
ö§

Ø 㰬﹔§㉀軨§ՠ§
軨뜘﹔§㉀ §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远î§軨远
§ ﹔﹔
§⦸㉀㉀远§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔ö§
Ø Ū軨§軨§ ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§远㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§ ՠ
 軨§㉀ §諀㉀远ö§
Ø 軨§﹔ՠ⦸ §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§
㉀§ ՠ远î§⦸軨远§㉀§ՠ
蓨§㉀﹔⦸远§蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ 
î§㴴﹔﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ §远﹔ՠՠ﹔ö§
Ø 沤§蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ远远§
㉀§﹔ՠ뜘远§㉀ §nî§Đî§㉀§Ėö§ᴐ㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ ՠ﹔§ՠ远§뜘ՠ
蓨§﹔ՠ뜘远§ՠ远§蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ
§軨§
﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔§㉀§ ՠ﹔§﹔
㉀軨 §远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§㉀§㉀§ՠ㉀軨
ö§
Ø
﹔ՠ뜘远§뜘軨远§
㉀諀§軨§ ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§
§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸§㉀﹔ö§
Ø
﹔§諀


§﹔ՠ뜘§远§ ﹔§ 远§﹔ՠ뜘§㉀§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§⦸㉀﹔⦸蓨§㉀﹔﹔ö§

傈

Hangman

§

远§ՠ뜘﹔§远§﹔远§軨远﹔§ ㉀§Ĝ§뜘
軨﹔远§ՠ§ ﹔§远ՠ§㉀§諀ՠ뜘§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§軨§㉀§Ĝ§뜘
軨﹔远§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔
§
 §蓨㉀軨﹔§㉀§远㉀뜘﹔§뜘﹔§﹔ §㉀﹔ö§ⵔ§諀㉀㴴远§
㉀§뜘ՠ﹔§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远ö§
§
Ø Why
use
it?§㰬ՠ뜘
§軨§ú§諀

§㉀諀
§⦸ՠ远远§
§
Ø Who
it䁨s
best
for
§ᴐ㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
§
How to play:
§

Ø

㴴§㉀ §ՠ§諀㉀§ՠ
§諀﹔§ ﹔§
軨뜘﹔§㉀ §﹔﹔远§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠ§軨远
§ՠ远 ﹔远§㉀§远 ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§
﹔﹔远§ ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔ö§
Ø Ş远㴴§ 远軨﹔
远§ ㉀§ 远軨﹔远§ ՠ§ ﹔﹔ö§ ⵔ § § ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 
§  ﹔§ 諀㉀î§ 諀﹔§ § 
§ ՠ§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ⦸㉀﹔⦸§
远ՠ⦸﹔远ö§ⵔ § ﹔§﹔﹔§㉀﹔远§
㉀§ՠ﹔ՠ§
§ ﹔§諀㉀î§諀﹔§§㉀ §㉀§ ﹔§远﹔§ՠ
§﹔
§ՠ諀
§
 ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§㉀ §ՠ§ ՠ

§뜘ՠ
ö§
Ø Ū㉀

軨﹔§ 軨
§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ 軨﹔远远§  ﹔§ 諀㉀§ ⦸㉀﹔⦸蓨§ × ﹔蓨§ 諀
ݧ ㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§  ﹔§
ՠՠ뜘§×蓨㉀軨§諀
Ýö§
§

傈
Pictionary




远§远§ՠ
㉀ ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§ ՠ§諀㉀㴴远§諀﹔§諀 §ՠ
蓨§ՠ﹔§㉀軨›§⦸ ﹔
§㉀﹔§§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ ﹔蓨§
⦸ՠ
§﹔§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘î§﹔﹔
ՠ﹔远§㉀﹔§§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§§㉀﹔远
§ ﹔﹔§㴴﹔§ ﹔蓨﹔§﹔ՠ

î§
ՠ
§ ՠ軨远§ ㉀﹔§ § ﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ 远§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ㴴§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀
㉀㉀
蓨§㉀ § ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ§
﹔諀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ð§ ﹔﹔
§
 ㉀軨 § ﹔蓨ѧ﹔§﹔ՠ

§ՠ远§ ﹔蓨§ՠ蓨ö§

nĀn§
§
 §
⦸㉀
ՠ蓨§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ՠ
§ § ﹔远远§ ㉀§ 远﹔﹔§  §  ﹔蓨﹔§
﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔
§ ﹔§諀㉀远§蓨㉀軨﹔§﹔﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§
§
Ø Why
use
it?§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
§
Ø Who
it䁨s
best
for
§Ş§ՠ﹔远›§﹔远§諀 §蓨㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
§
How to play:
§
Ø Ť﹔ ㉀﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§远ՠ远î§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§軨
⦸ §㉀ §諀㉀远§ՠ
§軨§ ﹔뜘§
§ՠ§ՠö§
Ø 沤§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
㉀§﹔ՠ뜘远§㉀ §n§ՠ
§ՠ諀§ՠ§
﹔§㉀諀
§ ﹔§뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§㉀ՠö§
Ø ◤﹔§㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ뜘§뜘﹔뜘﹔§ ㉀뜘§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔ՠ뜘§ՠ§﹔
§ՠ
§ՠ远㴴§ ﹔뜘§㉀§⦸ ㉀㉀远﹔§ՠ§諀㉀§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§
ՠö§
Ø
﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§ՠ諀§ ﹔§諀㉀§ՠ远§ՠ§⦸軨﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠ§ՠ
§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ뜘§㉀§
軨﹔远远§ ﹔§諀㉀ö§
Ø
﹔§ 远§﹔ՠ뜘§㉀§远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸§ՠ
远諀﹔§﹔远§ՠ§㉀
ö§
Ø
﹔§远軨﹔
§諀 ㉀§ ՠ远§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ՠ諀
§远 ㉀軨§ ﹔
§
㉀뜘
ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔㉀
﹔§﹔远﹔§㉀§ՠ諀§ ㉀§
 ﹔§﹔ՠ뜘ö§
Ø ﹔﹔ՠ§  远§ 軨
§ ՠ§  ﹔§ 諀㉀远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀
﹔§ ð§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ 远軨﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔
㉀軨 § 諀㉀远§  ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ §
远軨﹔
§﹔远§㉀§ՠ諀§ՠ§﹔ՠ远§㉀
⦸﹔­§
§
皤傈
The
Mime



佨뜘
§远§ՠ
§﹔ ⦸﹔﹔
§諀ՠ蓨§ ㉀§远軨﹔
远§㉀§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ ﹔§﹔
远﹔远§ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔远ö§ⵔÑ远§ՠ远㉀§
﹔ՠ§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀 §뜘
뜘ՠ§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§㉀§ՠ


§뜘﹔î§㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§諀 ㉀§諀ՠ
§㉀§﹔ՠ㴴§軨§ՠ§
㉀
﹔§﹔远远㉀
§諀 §远㉀뜘﹔ 
§뜘㉀﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸﹔ö§ⵔÑ远§ՠՠՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ뜘㉀远§ՠ
蓨§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§㉀
§ ՠ§
蓨㉀軨§뜘 §﹔§ ㉀⦸軨远
§㉀
ö§
§

远§ ՠ뜘﹔§ 諀㉀㴴远§ 諀 § ՠ
蓨§ՠ﹔§ ㉀軨î§ ՠ ㉀軨 § 蓨㉀軨§ 諀§ 
§  ՠ§ ՠ軨远§ ﹔§㉀ § 远§ ՠ§
䜜軨⦸㴴﹔§ ՠ
§⦸ ﹔
ö§
㉀§㴴﹔﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔
ՠ﹔î§﹔ՠ﹔§諀 ՠ§ ﹔蓨§諀§﹔§뜘뜘
§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀軨远ѧ
﹔远㉀
ՠ§
﹔﹔远远§ՠ远§﹔远§ՠ远§㉀远远﹔ö§
§
Ø Why
use
it?§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨›§沤﹔ՠ㴴
§
§
Ø Who
it䁨s
best
for
§Ş§ՠ﹔远›§﹔远§諀 §蓨㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远§
§
How to play:
§
Ø Ť﹔ ㉀﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远î§諀﹔§㉀軨§远㉀뜘﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
远§ð§㴴﹔§諀ՠ远 
§ ﹔§远 ﹔远§ð§ՠ
§軨§ ﹔뜘§
§ՠ§ՠö§

Ø 沤§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
㉀§諀㉀§﹔ՠ뜘远ö§
Ø Ť
§㉀
﹔§远軨﹔
§ ㉀뜘§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔ՠ뜘§㉀§  ﹔§ ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ՠ
§㉀
﹔§㉀ § ﹔뜘§⦸ ㉀㉀远﹔§ՠ
§
ՠ⦸㉀
§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§ՠö§
Ø ՠ﹔§㉀ §远軨﹔
远§뜘뜘﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ뜘ö§
Ø
﹔§ 远§﹔ՠ뜘§㉀§远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸§ՠ
远諀﹔§諀
远§ՠ§㉀
ö§
Ø ﹔﹔ՠ§ 远§軨
§ՠ§远軨﹔
远§ ՠ﹔§뜘뜘﹔§ՠ§﹔ՠ远§㉀
﹔§ՠ⦸㉀
ö§

nĀЧ
§

傈

Hot
Seat



㉀§ 沤﹔ՠ§ ՠ㉀諀远§ 远軨﹔
远§ ㉀§ 軨§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ՠ
§ ﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔㉀
§ 
§  ﹔§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§ՠ远㉀§ՠ﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ ﹔§远﹔ՠ㴴
§ՠ
§远﹔

§远㴴远§ՠ
§§⦸ՠ
§﹔§軨远﹔§ ㉀§
ՠ
蓨§﹔﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ
﹔ö§
§
Ø Why
use
it?§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨›§沤﹔ՠ㴴
§ՠ
§远﹔

§
§
Ø Who
it䁨s
best
for
§Ş§ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§﹔﹔远§
§
How to play:
§
Ø 沤§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
㉀§n§﹔ՠ뜘远î§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ §蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ远远ö§
Ø Ŷ﹔⦸§ ㉀
﹔§ ﹔远㉀
§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔ՠ뜘§ ㉀§ 远§ 
§  ﹔§ ㉀§ 沤﹔ՠî§ ՠ⦸
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ 諀 §  ﹔§
㉀ՠ§﹔ 
§ ﹔뜘ö§
Ø 㰬﹔§ՠ§諀㉀§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀ՠö§
﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ뜘§뜘﹔뜘﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
§
§ ﹔§ ㉀§远﹔ՠ§뜘軨远§
﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§軨﹔远远§ ﹔§諀㉀§蓨§﹔远⦸
§ö§
﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§뜘﹔§ՠ뜘㉀軨
§㉀ §뜘﹔§ՠ
§
⦸ՠ

㉀§远ՠ蓨î§远﹔§㉀§ՠ諀§ ﹔§諀㉀ö§

Ø Ū㉀

軨﹔§軨
§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔ՠ뜘§뜘﹔뜘﹔§ ՠ远§﹔远⦸﹔§ՠ§諀㉀§㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§
§ ﹔§㉀§沤﹔ՠö§
§
뜀傈


Where
Shall
I
Go?




远§ ՠ뜘﹔§ 远§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔远§ ﹔㉀远㉀
远§ ㉀ § 뜘㉀﹔뜘﹔
§ ՠ
§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ蓨﹔§ ՠ ﹔§  远§
远軨﹔⦸§ ՠ远§ ﹔﹔
§ ՠ軨 § 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
远§ ՠ뜘﹔§ 远§ 远㉀§ 뜘軨⦸ § 軨
§ 軨§ § ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔§ §
ՠ
﹔㉀軨远§远
⦸﹔§蓨㉀軨ѧ﹔§ ՠ
§㉀
﹔§远軨﹔
§
§﹔ՠ⦸ §ՠ§﹔§
 ㉀﹔§諀 ﹔§ ﹔§㉀ ﹔§﹔⦸远§
 ﹔뜘ö§沤㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§远軨﹔§㉀§㴴﹔﹔§your§﹔蓨﹔远§㉀﹔
­§
Ø Why
use
it?§﹔㉀远㉀
远›§沤﹔ՠ㴴
§ՠ
§远﹔

§
§
Ø Who
it䁨s
best
for
§Ş§ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§﹔﹔远§
§
How to play:
§
Ø Ť﹔ ㉀﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔î§軨
§蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§
㉀§ՠ§뜘ՠ﹔§蓨§﹔ՠՠ

§ö§ⵔÑ远§﹔ՠ§ §
蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§㉀§ 远§㉀軨远﹔î§軨§㉀ ﹔諀远﹔§軨远 §ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§⦸ ՠ远§㉀﹔ ﹔§ՠ
§뜘㉀﹔§ 軨
軨﹔§
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§蓨㉀軨§뜘ՠ﹔ö§
Ø 㰬 ﹔
§蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔î§軨§ ﹔뜘§
§ՠ远§㉀軨远﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§Ť
 ㉀§㉀
﹔§远軨﹔
§
㉀뜘§﹔ՠ⦸ §ՠö§
Ø Ş㉀諀§ՠ远§㉀§ ﹔
﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§㉀
﹔§ ՠ§ ՠ§ 뜘﹔›§ ﹔§
 ㉀﹔§ 远軨﹔
§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ ﹔§
 ㉀軨 § ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§蓨§ ﹔§ՠ
﹔ö§
﹔§远軨﹔
远§뜘軨远§軨远﹔§﹔⦸㉀
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§远﹔§㉀﹔î§㉀§
軨
﹔î§㉀§軨î§ՠ
§㉀§㉀諀
§㉀§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ
﹔§㉀§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀ § ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ö§
§
Რ
傈



What’s
My
Problem?




远§远§ՠ§ՠ
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§
§ՠ⦸﹔ö§ⵔ§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ蓨﹔§ՠ ﹔§ ﹔§

§ՠ⦸﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§﹔远远㉀
§ ՠ远§ՠ㴴﹔
§ՠ⦸﹔ö§ⵔ§远§ՠ§﹔ՠ§諀ՠ蓨§ ㉀§远軨﹔
远§㉀§远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ ﹔蓨§
ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔﹔§ ՠ
§ 諀 ՠ§
﹔﹔远§ ﹔﹔諀
ö§
远§ ՠ뜘﹔§ 諀㉀㴴远§ 諀﹔§ 諀 § ՠ
蓨§ՠ﹔§ ㉀軨î§ 軨远§
ՠՠ§§㉀§ § ﹔§ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨﹔§諀㉀㴴
§諀 ö§
nĀĖ§
§
 §
Ø Why
use
it?§沤﹔ՠ㴴
§ՠ
§远﹔

›§◤
§Ş⦸﹔§
§
Ø Who
it䁨s
best
for
§Ş§ՠ﹔远§ՠ
§﹔﹔远§
§
How to play:
§
Ø 㰬﹔§ՠ뜘﹔
远§㉀§㉀﹔뜘远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§蓨㉀軨§뜘㉀远§﹔⦸﹔
§﹔远远㉀
§㉀
§㉀远ð§
㉀﹔远§ՠ
§远⦸㴴§
㉀
﹔§㉀远ð§
㉀﹔§㉀
§﹔ՠ⦸ §远軨﹔
远§ՠ⦸㴴ö§
Ø
﹔§远軨﹔
远§뜘軨远§뜘
﹔§ՠ
§ՠ远㴴§ ㉀§ՠ⦸﹔§ ㉀뜘§㉀ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§㉀§远㉀﹔§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
Ø 沤軨﹔
远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ ՠ﹔§㉀§ 軨﹔远远§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔§  ﹔蓨§﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§
﹔﹔远ö§
Ø ӄ远﹔§뜘㉀﹔§⦸㉀뜘⦸ՠ﹔§㉀§㉀远⦸軨﹔§㉀﹔뜘远§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§뜘㉀﹔§
﹔﹔远
§ ㉀§㉀﹔§
远軨﹔
远ö§ ㉀§ ㉀諀﹔§ ﹔﹔远§ ՠ
§ 蓨㉀軨
﹔§ 远軨﹔
远î§ ՠ

㉀軨
⦸﹔§ ՠ§ ⦸ՠ﹔㉀蓨§ ㉀§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ՠ§
﹔⦸﹔
§﹔远远㉀
î§㴴﹔§³﹔ՠ ³î§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§ՠ㉀
ö§
§

﹔远﹔§ՠ뜘﹔远§諀§㴴﹔﹔§蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔
远§﹔
ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ ՠ蓨§ՠ远§ ﹔蓨§﹔ՠ
­§﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔î§ ﹔远﹔§
ՠ﹔§軨远§﹔
§㉀
§ ﹔§ 軨
﹔远§㉀ § ﹔﹔
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔远§ ՠ§蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ蓨§諀 §蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔
远ö§Ş远§
蓨㉀軨§ ﹔§ 뜘㉀﹔§ ⦸㉀
﹔
§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘î§ 蓨㉀軨§ ⦸ՠ
§ 远ՠ§ 軨
§ 蓨㉀軨§ ㉀諀
§ 远
§ ㉀
§ ՠ뜘﹔远§ ՠ
§
﹔﹔
軨ՠ蓨§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§軨§蓨㉀軨§㉀諀
ö§
§
㰬 ՠ﹔﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀ § 蓨㉀軨§ 远軨﹔
远î§  ﹔蓨§ 远軨﹔蓨§ ㉀﹔§ ՠ蓨
§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ뜘﹔远§ 
§  ﹔§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§Ş
§Ŷ
远 §⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ 軨
î§ՠ⦸﹔§ՠ
§⦸ ՠ﹔

§ՠ
§ ﹔远﹔§ՠ뜘﹔远§ՠ﹔§远軨﹔§
㉀§﹔§蓨㉀軨§ ﹔ՠ
§
§ ﹔§ §﹔⦸㉀
ö§
§

Რ







ASSESSMENT
OF
MATERIALS




﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ 軨﹔§  ﹔§ 䜜軨ՠ蓨§ ㉀ § 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§
﹔蓨§ 远 ㉀軨§ ⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§ 諀 ﹔ ﹔§
 ﹔蓨§远軨§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§
﹔﹔远ö§
﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§⦸﹔ՠ§⦸ՠ
§﹔§
軨远﹔§㉀§軨﹔§ ﹔§軨远﹔ 軨
﹔远远§㉀ § ﹔﹔
§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远ö§


Authenticity




Ş
§ՠ軨 ﹔
⦸§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ՠ远§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§諀 ⦸ §远§﹔蓨§
﹔ՠ§㉀§㉀軨§﹔ՠ§ ﹔ö§ⵔ§ ՠ远§ՠ§  §ՠ軨﹔§
 ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ 远ö§
§
Need
matching



㰬﹔§远 ㉀軨§㴴﹔﹔§
§뜘
§ ﹔§
﹔﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§諀 ﹔§远﹔﹔⦸
§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§ⵔ §諀﹔§ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§軨ՠ§远軨﹔
远§諀﹔§⦸ՠ
§ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§軨ՠ§ ﹔ö§㰬﹔§⦸ՠ
§ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§⦸
﹔뜘ՠ§
⦸㴴﹔§㉀§ՠ§軨远§⦸㴴﹔§ՠ远§ՠ§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ㉀§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§軨远﹔§軨§諀﹔§⦸ՠ

㉀§ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§㉀ՠ
§ՠ远远§㉀ §ՠ§
 § ㉀§﹔
﹔ՠ
§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ远§ ՠ§远§ՠ﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§軨ՠ§⦸ ö§
§

nĀĜ§
§
Language
potential




﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§㉀뜘軨뜘§﹔﹔远§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§
﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§
远 ㉀軨§㉀﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀§﹔远
§ ﹔§㉀諀
§ՠ⦸﹔远§㉀§﹔﹔㉀§ ﹔§沤㰬§
远㴴远§ՠ뜘㉀
§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
§
Level
of
difficulty

﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§远 ㉀軨§
﹔ ﹔§﹔§ ⦸軨§
㉀§﹔蓨§﹔ՠ远蓨§ ㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§ⵔ§远 ㉀軨§ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§
㉀§ ﹔§
﹔ §﹔﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔蓨§远 ㉀軨§﹔§㉀
﹔§远﹔§ՠ ﹔ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ 远
§﹔﹔§㉀ §远軨﹔
远ö§
§

Რૼ








Conclusion



ⵔ
§  远§ 軨
§ 諀﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 远⦸軨远远﹔§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ


§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§
﹔ՠ

§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§
§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
ö§㰬﹔§ՠ
§ ㉀§ՠ§蓨﹔ՠî§ ﹔﹔
§軨
远§ՠ
§ ㉀§ ﹔§
﹔㉀远§ ㉀ §ՠ§ 軨
ö§ 㰬﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔﹔
§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§ 佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ 軨远﹔§ 
§  ﹔§
⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远ö§Űՠ§Ūՠ远远㉀㉀뜘远§ՠ
§㉀

﹔§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§﹔§軨远§ ﹔§
﹔﹔§㉀§㴴﹔﹔§㉀軨远﹔﹔远§軨ՠ﹔ö§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔蓨§軨远﹔ 軨§㉀㉀远§
§ ﹔§ ՠ
远§㉀ §ՠ§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔ 軨§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
﹔蓨§
ՠ远㉀§﹔
ՠ
⦸﹔§ ﹔§㉀ ⦸﹔
⦸蓨§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
§

Რ




ASSIGNMENTS



ĆÝ ﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§軨
§ՠ
§ՠ
§﹔㉀§ՠ
远§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔
﹔§軨
§ ㉀뜘§Ć 远§㉀§n
§Ūՠ远远ö§
nÝ ﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§軨
§ՠ
§ՠ
§﹔㉀§ՠ
远§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔
﹔§軨
§ ㉀뜘§Đ §§㉀§Ĝ  §Ūՠ远远ö§
ĐÝ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远軨﹔远§㉀§뜘㉀﹔§远﹔ՠ㴴
§远㴴远§
§蓨㉀軨
§﹔ՠ
﹔远Œ§
ĖÝ ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §㉀

﹔§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§
§Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
Œ§
§

Რ



PROJECT
WORK



ĆÝ Ū㉀﹔⦸§  ﹔§ 远ՠ뜘﹔远§ ㉀ § ӄ
§ ՠ
远§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§
﹔ՠ蓨§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ 远⦸ ㉀㉀远§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§
㉀远﹔ՠ㉀
远§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ՠ
ö§
nÝ 远§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ蓨§뜘ՠ蓨§远⦸ ㉀㉀§ՠ
§ 
§㉀軨§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§佨ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ՠ§ՠ﹔§﹔
§
軨远﹔§
§ ՠ§远⦸ ㉀㉀§ՠ
§远§ ﹔뜘§㉀軨ö§
ĐÝ 远§ՠ
蓨§ՠ§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
§諀﹔§ՠ§﹔㉀§㉀
§远§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
远§ՠ
§ 軨
⦸㉀

ö§
ĖÝ Ű﹔远
§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ뜘﹔§㉀
§蓨㉀軨§㉀諀
§ՠ
§﹔ ՠ
§远§远﹔⦸ ⦸ՠ㉀
远ö§§
§
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ť远 §Ū㉀軨
⦸§諀﹔远﹔ö§
ŰöŶ§Ŷ
远 §沤㉀軨⦸﹔§㉀㉀㴴§㉀ §䇼ՠ
ՠՠ㴴ՠ§沤ՠ﹔ö§
ŰöŶöŶö§Ŷ
远 §
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴远§㉀ §
ՠ뜘
ՠ軨§
ŰöŶöŶö§
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴远§軨远 ﹔§蓨§ⵔ◤ӄö§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ
㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ĆðĜ§Ş沤ŪŶ
ö§
ŰöŶö§沤㉀軨⦸﹔§Ť㉀㉀㴴§軨远 ﹔§蓨§Ş沤ŪŶ
ö§
ŤöŶö§Ŷ
远 §
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§軨远 ﹔§蓨§
﹔軨軨§Ş㴴ՠ﹔뜘ö§
Ŷ
§諀﹔远﹔远§ՠ
§
﹔
﹔§远㉀軨⦸﹔远ö§
ŰöŶöŶ
远 §
﹔ ðŤ㉀㉀㴴§軨远 ﹔§蓨§
﹔軨軨§Ş㴴ՠ﹔뜘ö§

nĀĢ§
§
§§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§

UNIT – 6
§
§
§

§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
nĀĨ§
§
§
UNIT
–

ASSESSMENT§§
§

Რ





INTRODUCTION§

Ū ﹔
§ՠ﹔§㉀
§諀 §

ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔远ö§
﹔§㉀§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§远§㉀§ՠ諀§㉀軨§ ﹔§ՠ﹔远§
ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§⦸ § §㉀§﹔§
§ 远§⦸㉀뜘﹔ §远㉀⦸﹔蓨ö§Ş⦸軨ՠ蓨§ՠ§⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠՠ⦸﹔远ö§
Ŷ﹔蓨§⦸ §⦸ՠ
§﹔ՠ
§軨§㉀§ՠ
蓨§﹔ ﹔
ö§Ť軨î§諀 ﹔
§諀﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远î§諀﹔§軨
﹔远ՠ
§뜘ՠ
蓨§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ﹔§

㉀§軨§㉀§ ﹔§뜘ՠ㴴ö§ⵔ§远§軨
㉀軨
ՠ﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔远﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ﹔§ՠ
﹔§ՠ远§軨î§㉀㉀§ՠ
§远㉀諀§﹔ՠ
﹔§
ՠ
§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
㉀§㉀諀
§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§諀远 §㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远ö§

﹔﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§뜘ՠ
蓨§ՠ远§
§ ﹔§远蓨远﹔뜘§諀 ⦸ §远 ՠ§﹔§ՠ﹔远远﹔î§﹔
 ﹔§ՠ
§﹔⦸ ﹔ö§

蓨§ ﹔
§ ﹔§㉀﹔⦸﹔§㉀ §䜜軨ՠ蓨§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
§⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔ö§㉀§ 远§ՠ§㉀⦸﹔远远§远§﹔蓨§﹔远远﹔
ՠ§
㉀§㴴
㉀諀§ ㉀諀§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

î§ ﹔§ 远㴴远§ ﹔蓨§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔§§ ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ﹔蓨§﹔§ՠ
§  ﹔§
㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ﹔蓨§ՠ
ö§
远§㉀⦸﹔軨﹔§远§
㉀ 
§軨§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
ö§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ﹔远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀§
㴴
㉀諀§ 諀 ՠ§  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ㉀ ﹔§ 远﹔î§ 諀 ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 远 ㉀軨§ ㉀ö§ ՠ㉀軨远§
ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ㉀﹔§ 諀 ⦸ § 远 ㉀軨§ 远軨§ ㉀§  ﹔§
﹔﹔远§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
ö§
﹔§
㉀㉀諀§軨§ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ ﹔§﹔﹔蓨§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§㉀뜘㉀﹔远§﹔﹔远

§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ⦸﹔远î§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§
㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远§ ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§ 远ՠ﹔﹔远ö§ ⵔ
§ 軨
î§  远§ ﹔ՠ远§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ⦸ § 
§ ՠ§  ﹔§
﹔﹔뜘﹔
远§㉀ §Ŷ
远 §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§§

OBJECTIVES

远§ӄ
§ ﹔远§ ﹔§远軨﹔
ð﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§湌§
Ø ㉀§軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§§
Ø
Ø
㉀§㴴
㉀諀§ ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
ö§
㉀§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§Ū㉀

軨㉀軨远§ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§Ŷՠ軨ՠ㉀
ö§
Ø
Ø
㉀§ ﹔﹔
ՠ﹔§﹔諀﹔﹔
§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ
§远軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
ö§
㉀§﹔远
§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ՠ
§远軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
§ՠ﹔远ö§
Ø
Ø
㉀§㴴
㉀諀§ՠ
§軨远﹔§ ﹔﹔
§﹔远§﹔뜘远§ ㉀§ ﹔﹔
§﹔﹔远§㉀ §远軨﹔
远ö§
㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔﹔
§ ㉀ ㉀뜘ՠ远§ ㉀§ ﹔⦸㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ ㉀ §
远軨﹔
远§
§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ
§远軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
ö§




ૼ








ASSESSMENT





ૼ
Რ





WHAT
IS
ASSESSMENT?



Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ 远§ ՠ
§ 뜘㉀ՠ
§ ⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
§ ㉀ § ⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘ö§ § ⵔ§ 远§ ՠ§ ㉀諀﹔ 軨§ 뜘﹔ՠ
远§ ㉀ §
뜘㉀
§ ﹔§䜜軨ՠ蓨§㉀ §﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ö§Ş§ ﹔§﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ՠ§⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔﹔远§ ﹔⦸㉀뜘뜘﹔
﹔§ ㉀§﹔軨⦸
§
﹔뜘 ՠ远远§㉀
§﹔ ﹔
ՠ§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
远§ՠ
§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ
§
﹔
ՠ§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ㉀軨 §Ū㉀

軨㉀軨远§ՠ
§
Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§Ŷՠ軨ՠ㉀
ö§
﹔§远⦸㉀﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§
§远⦸ ㉀㉀远§﹔ ﹔
远§ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ﹔ՠ远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
﹔远§
﹔远㉀
ՠ蓨§ ﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ö§ ⵔ§ 
⦸軨﹔远§ ㉀ § 远⦸ ㉀ՠ远⦸§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀ð远⦸ ㉀ՠ远⦸§ ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ՠ
§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§
§
ՠ軨﹔ö§
远§远§
§
﹔§諀 § ﹔§㉀ՠ远§㉀ §﹔軨⦸ՠ㉀
ö§

nĀĮ§
§
 Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ՠ
§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§ ㉀軨 §﹔ ㉀뜘﹔§㉀ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§軨㉀远﹔§ ՠ﹔§⦸﹔ՠ
§
 ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远ö§
﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ﹔§﹔远§軨远§ՠ§⦸㉀뜘ՠՠ﹔§远軨蓨§㉀ § ﹔远﹔§諀㉀§⦸㉀
⦸﹔远ö§

Basis
for
Assessment
Evaluation

Comparison

佨﹔ՠ

§ Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§远§ՠ§㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §⦸㉀﹔⦸
î§ Ŷՠ軨ՠ㉀
§远§﹔远⦸﹔§ՠ远§
﹔﹔諀
§ՠ
§軨远
§ՠՠî§ ㉀§ ﹔§軨㉀远﹔§ ՠ
§ՠ⦸§㉀ §ՠ远远
§軨뜘﹔
§
㉀ §뜘㉀﹔뜘﹔
§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔
§ ㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ远远§㉀ §远﹔§㉀ §
﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔ö§ 远ՠ
ՠ远ö§
§
§
ՠ軨﹔§ Űՠ
㉀远⦸§ 軨뜘﹔
ՠ§

㰬 ՠ§远§㉀﹔远Œ§ ㉀﹔远§ ﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴§㉀

§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ՠ
§ Ű﹔﹔뜘
﹔远§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔
§㉀§
ՠ﹔ՠ远§㉀ §뜘㉀﹔뜘﹔
ö§ 諀 ⦸ §㉀﹔⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§
ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔ö§
§
§
軨㉀远﹔§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ 沤軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§

﹔
ՠ㉀
§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§﹔
﹔§ ㉀軨⦸§﹔
﹔§

﹔﹔ðՠ⦸㴴§ Ťՠ远﹔§㉀
§㉀远﹔ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§㉀远﹔§Ë§ Ťՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔﹔§㉀ §䜜軨ՠ蓨§

﹔ՠ﹔§㉀
远ö§ ՠ远§﹔§远﹔§远ՠ
ՠö§
§
§
﹔ՠ㉀
远 § ﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔远⦸﹔§
﹔諀﹔﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
ՠ
§远軨﹔
远§
Ū﹔ՠ§ 沤﹔§蓨§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ﹔远§×﹔ՠ
﹔远§ 沤﹔§蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀ö§
Ë﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远ݧ㉀
蓨ö§

佨﹔ՠ远軨﹔뜘﹔
§ Ş远㉀軨﹔§§ Ū㉀뜘ՠՠ﹔§§
远ՠ
ՠ远§
§
ՠ㉀
ՠ§⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘§ՠ뜘﹔諀㉀㴴§§nĀĀĜ§×Ūݧ远軨﹔远远§ ՠ§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§远 ㉀軨§﹔§远뜘﹔§
ՠ
§ ﹔
远㉀
§ ﹔﹔§ ﹔﹔
î§  ﹔§  § ㉀§ Ŷ軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ § nĀĀĴ§ ×
Ŷݧ 远﹔⦸㉀
§ ðnĴ×nݧ 远ՠ﹔远§  ՠ§  ﹔﹔§
远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远﹔§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀

軨㉀軨远§ ﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§ ՠ远远﹔远远§  ﹔§ ⦸ 远§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ՠ
§
軨
﹔远ՠ

§ՠ
§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ 뜘ú ﹔§㉀§ՠ蓨§ ﹔§远ՠ뜘﹔§
§ 远ú ﹔§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§远軨ՠ㉀
远§
远﹔ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔远远軨
§﹔뜘
ՠ§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
远ö§§


ૼ








WHY
ASSESSMENT?

Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ 远§ ㉀
﹔§ 諀 § ՠ
§ ՠ뜘§ ㉀ § 远軨㉀
§ ՠ
§ 뜘㉀
§ ⦸ 远§ ﹔ՠ

§ ՠ
§
﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§⦸ՠ
§ՠ⦸㴴§ ﹔§⦸ ՠ
﹔远§ՠ
§㉀﹔远远§㉀﹔뜘﹔ö§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ՠ远㉀§ ﹔远§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§㉀§ՠ﹔远远§ ﹔§
軨ՠ§ՠ
§远﹔⦸ՠ§
﹔﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
ö§Ş ﹔§﹔
 蓨
§ ﹔§
﹔﹔远§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§⦸ՠ
§ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§远軨ՠ㉀
远§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
蓨ö§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§﹔
ՠ
⦸﹔远§ ﹔§⦸ 远§
nĀĴ§
§
远﹔ ð軨
﹔远ՠ

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀
ՠ蓨§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ö§§ⵔ§ ﹔远§軨远§㉀§ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨⦸軨軨뜘§ՠ뜘远§ՠ
§
㉀﹔⦸﹔远ö§ ⵔ§ ՠ远㉀§ 뜘㉀﹔远§  ﹔§ 䜜軨ՠ蓨§ 
§ ㉀
㉀
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠ

§ ㉀⦸﹔远远ö§ Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§
㉀﹔远§﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ՠ
§㉀﹔远远ö§§


ૼ
ૼ






WHAT
SHOULD
BE
ASSESSED?

ⵔ
§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§  ﹔§ ⦸ 远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ 远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远﹔ö§ ՠ㉀軨远§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 远㴴远§ ㉀ § ﹔§
﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§ 蓨§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远ö§ 㰬 ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远
§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§远 ㉀軨§ ՠ远㉀§ ՠ㴴﹔§ 
㉀§
⦸㉀
远﹔ՠ㉀
§  ﹔§ ⦸ 远§ 
﹔﹔远远î§ ՠ軨﹔远§ ՠ
§ 뜘㉀ՠ㉀
ö§
﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀远﹔﹔远§  ﹔§ ⦸ 远§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远§ ㉀§ ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ 
軨远î§ ﹔ՠ

§ 远軨ՠ㉀
§ ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§  ﹔§ 諀ՠ蓨§  ﹔§ ⦸ § 远§ 軨远
§  ﹔§
㉀㉀軨
﹔远§㉀§軨远﹔§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§远 ㉀軨§﹔§㉀
﹔§諀 §ՠ
§ՠ뜘§㉀§ 
§㉀軨§㰬 ՠ§ ﹔§
⦸ § 㴴
㉀諀远Œ§ Ş
§ 㰬 ՠ§  ﹔§ ⦸ § ⦸ՠ
§ ㉀Œ§ ö§ Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ﹔远§  ﹔§ ⦸ § ՠ
§ ㉀㉀軨
蓨§ ㉀§
﹔ ﹔远远§ 뜘远﹔ ú ﹔远﹔ §⦸﹔ՠ﹔蓨ö§§

ૼ







WHEN
SHOULD
ASSESSMENT
BE
MADE?

Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§远 ㉀軨§﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§⦸㉀

軨㉀軨远蓨§ ㉀軨 ㉀軨§ ﹔§蓨﹔ՠ§蓨§㉀
﹔远﹔ î§﹔﹔远î§ՠ﹔
远§
ՠ
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§远 ㉀軨§㉀远﹔﹔§⦸㉀

軨㉀軨远蓨§ՠ§﹔﹔蓨§远﹔§㉀ §⦸ 远§﹔ՠ

ö


Ť﹔ ㉀﹔§諀﹔§㉀⦸﹔﹔§ 軨 ﹔§㉀§ 㴴
㉀諀§뜘㉀﹔§ՠ㉀軨§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§§远§﹔﹔§ §諀﹔§㉀§  ㉀軨 §
远㉀뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§㉀軨ՠ§ ﹔㉀﹔远§㉀ §⦸㉀
軨⦸
§ՠ§﹔远§諀 ⦸ §ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ﹔§Ť㉀㉀뜘远§
ՠ ㉀
㉀뜘蓨ö§

BLOOM’S
TAXONOMY

Ť㉀㉀뜘远§ՠ ㉀
㉀뜘蓨§远⦸軨远远﹔远§ՠ㉀軨远§蓨﹔远§㉀ §㉀뜘ՠ
远§ՠ
§㉀﹔⦸﹔远§ ՠ§⦸ՠ
§﹔§軨远﹔§
§
 ﹔§﹔ՠՠ㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§﹔远§諀 ⦸ §远§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§ՠ ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§軨
ö§
远§远§㉀ ﹔諀远﹔§⦸ՠ﹔§
沤⦸ ㉀ՠ远⦸§Ş⦸ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
§
﹔远ö§
Ť㉀㉀뜘§ ﹔
 ﹔§ 远 § ﹔﹔远§ 諀 
§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀
﹔§ ㉀뜘ՠ
î§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§ 远뜘﹔§ ﹔⦸ՠ§ ㉀§
﹔⦸㉀
㉀
§㉀ § ՠ⦸远î§ՠ远§ ﹔§㉀諀﹔远§﹔﹔î§ ㉀軨 §
⦸﹔ՠ远
蓨§뜘㉀﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔ §ՠ
§ՠ远ՠ⦸§뜘﹔
ՠ§
﹔﹔远î§㉀§ ﹔§  ﹔远§㉀﹔§諀 ⦸ §远§⦸ՠ远远 ﹔§ՠ远§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
ö§Ť㉀㉀뜘远§ՠ ㉀
㉀뜘蓨§远§﹔﹔远﹔
﹔§
§
远軨ՠ§ ㉀뜘§
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠՠ뜘ö§

nĆĀ§
§
 Knowledge§远§﹔ 
﹔§ՠ远§﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔
§㉀ §﹔㉀軨远蓨§﹔ՠ
﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠö§
远§뜘ՠ蓨§
㉀﹔§
 ﹔§ ﹔⦸ՠ§ ㉀ § ՠ§ 諀﹔§ ՠ
﹔§ ㉀ § 뜘ՠ﹔ՠî§ ㉀뜘§ 远﹔⦸ ⦸§ ՠ⦸远§ ㉀§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§  ﹔㉀﹔远ö§ 䇼
㉀諀﹔﹔§
﹔﹔远﹔
远§ ﹔§㉀諀﹔远§﹔﹔§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔远§
§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔§㉀뜘ՠ
ö§§
Ť㉀㉀뜘远§ ՠ ㉀
㉀뜘蓨§ ﹔远§ 軨远§  ՠ§  ﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ 諀 ⦸ § ﹔远§ ﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔
î§ ﹔⦸㉀

î§
﹔⦸ՠ
î§ ﹔
 ⦸ՠ㉀
§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ﹔远﹔§ 蓨§ 軨远
§ 㰬 ㉀î§ 㰬 ՠî§ 㰬 ﹔
î§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ 蓨﹔§ ㉀ § 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
◤﹔
﹔ՠ蓨§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ远㴴§ 远§蓨﹔§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§軨§㉀§ĮĀŧ㉀ § ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
§ՠ﹔ö§
Comprehension
Understanding傈
远§﹔ 
﹔§ ՠ远§ ﹔§ ՠ蓨§㉀§ ՠ远§  ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

§§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔ ö§
﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ՠ
远 ﹔§  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ㉀뜘§ ㉀
﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ㉀§ ՠ
㉀ ﹔§ ㉀뜘ö§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ ՠ远㉀§

﹔﹔§ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠö§
远§远§㉀
﹔§远﹔§﹔蓨㉀
§ ﹔§远뜘﹔§﹔뜘﹔뜘﹔
§㉀ § ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠö§§
Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ﹔远﹔§蓨§ՠ远㴴
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§  ՠ§ ﹔뜘ՠ
§ 
﹔﹔
î§ ՠ
远ՠ
§
㉀뜘§㉀
﹔§뜘﹔軨뜘§㉀§ՠ
㉀ ﹔î§﹔远⦸
§
§㉀
﹔远§㉀諀
§諀㉀远î§㉀ՠ
ՠ㉀
§ՠ
§远﹔﹔⦸㉀
§㉀ § ՠ⦸远§
ՠ
§﹔ՠ远î§﹔﹔ö§
Application
﹔ ﹔远§㉀§  ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀§軨远﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔§ 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
§
﹔諀§ՠ
§⦸㉀
⦸﹔﹔§远軨ՠ㉀
远ö§

远§뜘ՠ蓨§
⦸軨﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ §远軨⦸ § 
远§ՠ远§軨﹔远î§뜘﹔ ㉀远î§⦸㉀
⦸﹔远î§
⦸﹔远î§ՠ諀远§ՠ
§
 ﹔㉀﹔远ö§§
㉀﹔뜘§ 远㉀
î§ ՠ蓨
§ 
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§ ㉀軨⦸﹔§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔远軨î§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ⦸远î§ 軨﹔远§ ՠ
§

⦸﹔远§⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§蓨§軨远
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§ ㉀諀§远湌湌öՠ
§﹔ ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ 湌湌湌ö§Œ§㉀諀§
远§湌湌湌ö§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§湌湌湌湌Œ§§㰬 蓨§远§湌湌ö§沤
 ⦸ՠ
Τ
Analysis
﹔ ﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀§﹔ՠ㴴§㉀諀
§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
㉀§远§⦸㉀뜘㉀
﹔
§ՠ远§远㉀§ ՠ§远§
㉀ՠ
ՠ㉀
ՠ§远軨⦸軨﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§軨
﹔远㉀㉀ö§
远§뜘ՠ蓨§
⦸軨﹔§ ﹔§﹔
 ⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ §ՠ远î§ՠ
ՠ蓨远远§
㉀ § ﹔ՠ㉀
远 远§ ﹔諀﹔﹔
§ ՠ远§ ՠ
§ ﹔⦸㉀
㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ㉀ՠ
ՠ㉀
ՠ§ 
⦸﹔远§ 
㉀﹔ö§
﹔ՠ

§㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔远§ ﹔﹔§﹔﹔远﹔
§ՠ§  ﹔§
﹔﹔⦸軨ՠ§﹔﹔§ ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§ՠ
§ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§
﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ ﹔蓨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
§軨
﹔远ՠ

§㉀ §㉀ § ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
§ՠ
§ ﹔§远軨⦸軨ՠ§ ㉀뜘§㉀ § ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠö§
㰬﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ 軨远﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ 远軨⦸ § ՠ远§ 諀 ՠ§ ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§ ㉀ 湌湌湌öŒî§ Ūՠ远远 蓨湌湌湌ööŒî§
Ş⦸⦸㉀
§ ㉀§ 湌湌湌湌ö§ Űՠՠ뜘§ 湌湌湌湌湌Œî§ ㉀諀§ ㉀﹔远§ 湌湌§ ⦸㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ ú§ ⦸㉀
ՠ远§ § 諀 §
湌湌湌öŒî§㰬 ՠ§﹔﹔
⦸﹔§⦸ՠ
§蓨㉀軨§远§ ㉀§湌湌湌§Œ§㉀§﹔远§ ﹔§ՠ
ՠ蓨
§远㴴远§
§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
Synthesis
§远§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀§軨§ՠ远§㉀﹔ ﹔§㉀§ ㉀뜘§ՠ§
﹔諀§諀 ㉀﹔ö§
远§뜘ՠ蓨§
㉀﹔§ ﹔§
㉀軨⦸㉀
§ ㉀ § ՠ§ 軨
䜜軨﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘뜘軨
⦸ՠ㉀
§ × ﹔뜘﹔§ ㉀§ 远﹔﹔⦸ Ýî§ ՠ§ ՠ
§ ㉀ § ㉀﹔ՠ㉀
远§ ×﹔远﹔ՠ⦸ §
㉀㉀远ՠÝî§㉀§ՠ§远﹔§㉀ §ՠ远ՠ⦸§﹔ՠ㉀
远§×远⦸ ﹔뜘﹔§ ㉀§⦸ՠ远远 蓨
§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
Ýö§Ū ﹔
§
﹔﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§
⦸﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ՠ㉀軨远§㉀§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ㉀﹔§ՠ远㴴远ö§
Ū﹔ՠ
 §ՠ §軨
䜜軨﹔î §㉀
ՠ §㉀軨⦸ § ՠ §뜘ՠ蓨 §﹔ §
§﹔ՠ § ㉀뜘 §㉀ §뜘ՠ蓨 §﹔ §ՠ § 蓨远⦸ՠ §
㉀﹔⦸î§⦸㉀뜘
ՠ㉀
§㉀ §﹔ՠ远§㉀§ ㉀뜘§ՠ§
﹔諀§諀 ㉀﹔ö§㰬 ՠ§諀㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§﹔⦸ú§
﹔§ ㉀뜘§湌湌湌ööŒ§
諀 ՠ§﹔ՠ远§⦸ՠ
§蓨㉀軨§ՠ§㉀§湌湌湌öŒ§㉀諀§⦸㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§ú§﹔远
§ՠ§
﹔諀§湌湌湌öŒ§㰬 ՠ§뜘 §
ՠ﹔
§  § § 蓨㉀軨§ ⦸㉀뜘
﹔§ 湌湌湌öŒ§ 㰬 ՠ§ 远㉀軨㉀
远§ 諀㉀軨§ 蓨㉀軨§ 远軨﹔远§ ㉀湌湌湌öŒî§ ՠ﹔§ 远㉀뜘﹔§
远ՠ뜘﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ՠ§⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔§軨
﹔§ 远§⦸ՠ﹔㉀蓨ö§
Evaluation
远§ ⦸㉀
⦸﹔
﹔§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ 軨﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ軨﹔§ ㉀ § 뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§ ㉀§ ՠ§ ﹔
§
軨㉀远﹔ö§
﹔§軨﹔뜘﹔
远§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§﹔ 
﹔§⦸﹔ՠö§﹔ՠ

§㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔远§
§ 远§ՠ﹔ՠ§ՠ﹔§
 ﹔§  ﹔远§
§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 蓨§﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ ﹔蓨§⦸㉀
ՠ
§﹔﹔뜘﹔
远§㉀ §ՠ§㉀ ﹔§⦸ՠ﹔㉀﹔远î§軨远§
⦸㉀
远⦸㉀軨远§ՠ軨﹔§軨﹔뜘﹔
远§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§⦸﹔ՠ蓨§﹔ 
﹔§⦸﹔ՠö§§

nĆƧ
§
 佨ՠ㴴
§ՠ軨﹔§ ﹔⦸远㉀
远§ ՠ㉀軨§远远軨﹔远î§﹔远㉀
§⦸㉀
㉀﹔远﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§㉀ §㉀
㉀
î§
﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
§㉀ §㉀
㉀
î§軨﹔뜘﹔
远§㉀§﹔⦸远㉀
远§⦸㉀뜘﹔§軨
﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ﹔㉀蓨§㉀ §﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
ö§㰬﹔§⦸ՠ
§
軨远﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔﹔§ ՠ§湌湌湌öö§Œî§㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ՠ㉀軨湌湌湌湌ö§Œîî§㰬 ՠ§
远§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀远§ 뜘㉀ՠ
§ 湌湌湌湌Œ§ ՠ⦸﹔§  ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ 
§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀ § ㉀蓨Œî§ ㉀諀§ 諀㉀軨§ § 蓨㉀軨§
﹔⦸﹔§ՠ㉀軨§湌湌湌§Œ§ՠ
§㰬 ՠ§⦸﹔ՠ§諀㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§軨远﹔§㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远§湌湌ööŒ§










THE
STATUS
OF
ASSESSMENT
BEFORE
AND
AFTER
THE
IMPLEMEN伸














TATION
OF
CONTINUOUS
AND
COMPREHENSIVE
EVALUATION



ⵔ
§ ՠ㉀
ՠ§ 諀ՠ蓨§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§  ﹔﹔§ 远§
㉀§ 뜘ՠ⦸ § ﹔諀﹔﹔
§ ⦸軨⦸軨ՠ§ ㉀ՠ远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§
⦸㉀
﹔
§ ՠ§諀ՠ远§ՠ远远﹔远远﹔ö§
﹔§﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
§諀ՠ远§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§諀 §ՠ§﹔諀§㉀§﹔远§ ﹔§뜘﹔뜘㉀蓨§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔ՠ
﹔§ ՠ ﹔§  ՠ
§ 远ú ﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§ 远ՠ
ՠ远ö§ ㉀諀§ ՠ ﹔§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ŪŪŶ§  ﹔§
ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ 远§ ﹔
§㉀
﹔§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ ㉀⦸軨远
§ ﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§ 远ՠ
ՠ§ 諀远﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远ö§ Ş ﹔§ ﹔§
ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§諀﹔§⦸ՠ
§ 
§㉀軨§ ﹔§﹔﹔远§㉀ §﹔ՠ

§
§﹔ՠ⦸ §ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠö§§
Ť﹔ ㉀﹔§  ﹔§ ŪŪŶ§ 뜘﹔뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
î§ ㉀
蓨§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§ 諀﹔
§ ՠ﹔远§ 諀﹔﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§ ՠ
§
 ﹔﹔§諀ՠ远§
㉀§远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远
§ ﹔§㉀ՠ§远㴴远§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§㉀諀§諀 § ﹔§뜘﹔뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ §
 ﹔§ŪŪŶ§ՠ﹔
§㉀ §ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§諀﹔§⦸ՠ
§ 
§ ﹔§㉀ՠ§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§ՠ远㉀ö§
﹔§远﹔

§
ՠ
§远㉀㴴﹔
§远㴴远§ՠ﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§ՠ远§﹔远远﹔
ՠ远§ ㉀§﹔远
ö§ՠ﹔§﹔
⦸§﹔远远§ ՠ§諀﹔﹔§軨远﹔§㉀§﹔远§
諀﹔
§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ՠ远㉀§﹔﹔
§﹔
§軨﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§
§ŪŪŶ§ՠ﹔
§﹔远﹔远§㉀ՠ§﹔远远ö§
﹔㉀軨远蓨§ ﹔ ㉀﹔§ ŪŪŶ§ 뜘﹔뜘﹔
ՠ㉀
§  ﹔§ ﹔远軨远§ ㉀ § ՠ
§ ﹔ ՠ뜘
ՠ㉀
§ 諀﹔﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§
뜘﹔ՠ远軨﹔§ ﹔§ՠ﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§
§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§㉀諀§ ﹔§﹔远軨远§ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀§ՠ
ՠ蓨﹔§ ﹔§
ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 諀 ﹔﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§ 远§ ՠ
§ ﹔ 
§ ՠ
§ ՠ
§ ㉀§ ﹔뜘﹔ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ ㉀§ §  ﹔§ ՠ远ö§
Ş⦸ ﹔
§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§沤ՠ
ՠ远§远§﹔
§뜘㉀﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§ ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔
§ ﹔§远蓨ՠ軨远ö§§

ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§諀ՠ远§㉀
﹔§㉀§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§ ﹔§뜘﹔뜘㉀蓨§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§佨﹔뜘㉀蓨§ՠ远﹔§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§㰬 ﹔
§諀ՠ远§佨㉀ ﹔§
﹔﹔远ՠ§㉀
Œ§諀﹔﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔ö§Ť軨§
㉀諀§ ﹔§諀ՠ蓨§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀

§
ՠ远§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔蓨§⦸ ՠ
﹔ö§㉀諀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§뜘﹔뜘㉀蓨§ՠ远﹔ö§㉀諀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ 뜘㉀远蓨§
﹔뜘ՠ
§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ § 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ ՠ§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ ㉀諀§ ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§ ㉀§ ŪŪŶ§ ՠ﹔
§ ㉀ §
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§远軨⦸ §ՠ远§Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§佨㉀ ﹔§
﹔﹔远ՠ§远§ՠ§﹔ՠ§諀㉀뜘ՠ
Œ§㉀諀Œö§沤軨⦸ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀§
㉀§
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﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§㉀﹔
§﹔
﹔§
§ ﹔§远﹔
远﹔§﹔﹔蓨§﹔ՠ
﹔§諀§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀㉀軨
蓨§㉀§
軨远﹔§ 远ú ﹔§㉀諀
§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
§㉀§ՠ
远諀﹔§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
ö§§
㰬﹔§軨远﹔§㉀§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§远軨ՠ㉀
§諀 ﹔﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀軨 § ﹔ú远 ﹔§ՠ﹔§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
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§
 ՠ§  ﹔§ ⦸ § 諀ՠ远§ ՠ§ 뜘﹔﹔§ ﹔⦸﹔﹔§ ㉀ §
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
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﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ﹔§ 뜘远﹔ ú ﹔远﹔ §ՠ远§  ﹔§ ㉀
蓨§
ՠՠՠ﹔§ 远㉀軨⦸﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ㉀§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ
ö§ Ť軨§
㉀諀§  ﹔§ 远軨ՠ㉀
§ ՠ远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔蓨§
⦸ ՠ
﹔ö§
﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远§
㉀諀§ ՠ蓨
§  ﹔§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀ § ՠ§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀ö§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§ 远§ ㉀
§  ﹔§
㉀㉀軨
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﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ
ö§
﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔蓨§ ՠ⦸ՠ
§ 
§  ﹔§ ㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ §
﹔ՠ

ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§ՠ
﹔§㉀§﹔ՠ
ö§§

﹔§ ㉀﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴远§ ՠ远§ ՠ远㉀§ ⦸ ՠ
﹔§ ՠ§ ㉀§ 㴴﹔﹔
§ 
§ ﹔諀§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§
㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远ö§沤軨﹔
远§远 ㉀軨§﹔ ㉀﹔§뜘ՠ
蓨§㉀ ﹔§﹔远㉀軨⦸﹔远§㉀ ﹔§ ՠ
§﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴远§ ㉀§㉀
§ ﹔§
﹔ð諀㉀㴴远§ՠ
§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴远ö§
﹔ §远§ՠ§﹔ð﹔ ö§佨ՠ
蓨§ՠ⦸﹔远§ ՠ
§㉀﹔⦸远§㉀ ﹔§ ՠ
§ ㉀远﹔§
﹔远⦸﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ﹔ § ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ㴴﹔
§ 軨§ ㉀§ ՠ⦸⦸﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ö§
﹔§ 远軨﹔
§ ﹔ ㉀﹔远§
뜘远﹔ ú ﹔远﹔ § ﹔﹔
§远軨ՠ㉀
远§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§ՠ
§ՠ⦸䜜軨﹔远§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§远㴴远ö§§

nĆn§
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ՠ㉀
ՠ§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ՠ远远﹔远远﹔远§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀軨⦸§諀 ⦸ §远§㉀ §
㉀§軨远﹔篐§ⵔ§远§軨远§㴴﹔§ՠ§㉀远ð
뜘㉀﹔뜘ö§Ť軨§ ﹔§ŪŪŶ§ ㉀⦸軨远﹔远§뜘㉀﹔§㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远§ՠ ﹔§ ՠ
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﹔§㉀軨⦸§远§ ﹔§﹔
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§﹔ՠ
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§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ
§
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§ ㉀§﹔뜘﹔ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ ﹔§ 

§㉀軨§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴ð㉀远§
§﹔ՠ⦸ 
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§㉀ §ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
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§远軨蓨§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§

﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ §远軨⦸ §뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ ՠ뜘远§ ﹔§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔远§㉀ §⦸ ﹔

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远諀﹔远ö§
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CONTINUOUS
AND
COMPREHENSIVE
EVALUATION
CCE傈

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§
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What
is
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FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT

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TOOLS
AND
STRATEGIES
FOR
FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT


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§㉀ §ՠ§﹔⦸﹔§㉀ §諀㉀㴴ö§ՠ
§远⦸ՠ﹔远§⦸ՠ
§﹔§軨远﹔§軨
§
ՠ蓨
§ 뜘﹔§ ﹔㉀远§ ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§ 
§  ﹔﹔
§ ﹔
㉀
뜘﹔
ՠ§ 远﹔
远ö§
﹔§ ﹔ՠ远î§  ՠ§
㉀§ ㉀
蓨§
﹔远⦸﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸㉀
远§ 軨§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔﹔ՠ§ ㉀諀§ ՠ§ ⦸ § ﹔﹔远§ ՠ㉀軨§ 諀 ՠ§ ﹔ú远 ﹔§ 远§ ㉀
î§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§
﹔⦸㉀﹔§㉀§ՠ§뜘㉀﹔§ՠ軨﹔§㉀§ö§§
Anecdotal
records

Ş
﹔⦸㉀ՠ§﹔⦸㉀远§﹔ ﹔§㉀§諀﹔
§﹔远⦸㉀
远§㉀ §ՠ§⦸ 远§㉀﹔远远§ ՠ§ՠ§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㴴﹔﹔远§
㉀
§ՠ§ՠ蓨§㉀§ՠ蓨§ՠ远远ö§
﹔蓨§㉀﹔§㉀远﹔ՠ㉀
ՠ§
ՠՠ﹔§﹔⦸㉀远§㉀ §ՠ§远
 ⦸ՠ
§
⦸﹔
§
§
⦸ 远§㉀﹔远远§
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸䜜軨远㉀
ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ§﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§远﹔
 远§ՠ
§諀﹔ՠ㴴
﹔远远﹔远§㉀ §
ՠ§⦸ §
§﹔ՠ

ö§§
Slip
Test
unannounced
informal
test傈

沤§﹔远§远§ՠ§﹔远§ ՠ§远§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§ 
§ՠ
§ 
㉀뜘ՠ§远軨ՠ㉀
ö§
远§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ՠ㴴﹔
§軨§㉀§ ﹔远§
㉀ § ﹔§㉀ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
§远㴴远§㉀ §﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§﹔ՠ
﹔远§諀﹔§ ﹔§﹔远§諀 ㉀軨§ՠ
蓨§ՠ
﹔蓨§㉀§远﹔远远ö§

﹔§﹔远§远§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§諀 ㉀軨§ՠ
蓨§㉀§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
ö§
﹔§﹔远远§ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§﹔远远ö§㉀§㉀軨远﹔§
㉀ՠ
ՠ㉀
§ 諀§ 远﹔§  ﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
§ ՠ﹔ö§
﹔§ ﹔﹔远§ ㉀ § 远﹔⦸ ⦸§ ⦸ՠ远远§ 远軨﹔
远§ ՠ﹔§ ⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§
諀 ﹔§﹔远
§ ㉀軨 §远§§﹔远ö§§§§§§
§
㉀軨 §  ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ ㉀㉀远§ ㉀§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
î§  ﹔§ ◤㉀﹔
뜘﹔
§ ㉀ § Ş
 ՠ§
ՠ﹔远 § ՠ远§⦸ ㉀远﹔
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ ㉀軨§㉀㉀远§ ㉀§軨远﹔§
§뜘ՠ蓨§沤⦸ ㉀㉀远§㉀ §Ş
 ՠ§ՠ﹔远 ö§




Რ








CRITERIA
FOR
AWARDING
MARKS
UNDER
EACH
TOOL

Observation

Რ

Marks傈



﹔§㉀ՠ§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ⦸﹔远§諀 ⦸ §⦸㉀﹔§ ﹔§
ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远§ú﹔ՠ

§㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔远§×远﹔

§ՠ
§远﹔ՠ㴴
î§﹔ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§ՠ
§㉀ՠ§
远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ݧՠ
§ ﹔§
⦸ՠ㉀远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔§ՠ諀ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴远ö§
Written
Works

Რ
Marks傈





﹔§諀﹔
§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§⦸㉀
﹔
㉀
远§㉀ §諀
î§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨î§
ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§×
⦸軨
§ ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸远﹔远§
§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴Ýö§
佨ՠ㴴远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ諀ՠ﹔§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§
⦸ՠ㉀远ö§

nĆĨ§
§
Projects

Რ

Marks傈





﹔§㉀ՠ§ՠ
§諀﹔
§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§諀 ⦸ §⦸㉀﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§
远ՠ
ՠ远ú﹔ՠ

§㉀軨⦸㉀뜘﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔§ՠ諀ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴远§
§ՠ㉀軨远§远ՠ﹔远§ö﹔ö§
ՠ


î§﹔ ﹔⦸軨㉀
î§ՠ
ՠ蓨远远§ՠ
§
﹔﹔ՠ㉀
§㉀ §ՠՠî§﹔㉀§諀
§ՠ
§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§諀 §
﹔﹔ՠ⦸㴴ö§
Slip
Test

Რ

Marks傈




远§﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§諀 ㉀軨§
§ՠ
蓨§㉀§
㉀⦸﹔§㉀§⦸ ﹔
ö§
远§﹔远§远 ㉀軨§
⦸㉀﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ﹔﹔§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ ×蓨§ ՠ㴴
§ ㉀
﹔§ ú§ 諀㉀§ ՠ﹔﹔§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ 
§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§
ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
Ýö§
远§ՠ⦸⦸﹔§諀§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§
§ՠ﹔뜘
§ ﹔§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§
§沤軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§

﹔远远§远軨⦸⦸﹔远远 軨蓨ö§Ş§Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§沤ՠ

ՠ远§㉀§远㉀뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔뜘§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§
§﹔ՠ⦸ § ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§
ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
ö§§




Რ
ૼ





EVIDENCES
FOR
FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT

㉀§ ՠ
蓨§ 諀㉀㴴§  ﹔﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§
﹔§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔远§  ﹔§ 諀ՠ蓨§  ﹔§ 諀㉀㴴§ 远§
⦸ՠ﹔§㉀軨§ՠ
§远§﹔ ﹔⦸ö§ⵔ§뜘㉀﹔远§ՠ⦸⦸㉀軨
ՠ蓨§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ远㉀§﹔ՠ
﹔远ö§
﹔§
⦸ՠ
§㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ 
远§ՠ远§﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
ö§

A傈§§§§Teacher’s
unit
cum
period
plan
that
reflect
children’s
performance§

Ş ﹔§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔㉀
§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔㉀§ ㉀ § ﹔ՠ⦸ 
î§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔⦸㉀§  ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§
﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ 
§ 远§ ﹔远远㉀
§ ՠ
§ ﹔远﹔§ ㉀§ 
§ 远§ ՠ蓨ö§ 沤軨⦸ § ﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§ ﹔⦸㉀﹔§ 蓨§  ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§諀§远﹔﹔§ՠ远§﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远ö§

B傈



Self
伸
Assessment
tools
given
in
the
Text伸book
for
the
use
of
learners

ⵔ §蓨㉀軨§㉀§ ㉀軨 §﹔ՠ⦸ §軨

§蓨㉀軨§諀§ 
§远﹔ ð⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§ՠ远㴴远§軨
﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§㉀諀§諀﹔§ⵔ§
ՠ﹔§﹔ՠŒ§ö§﹔ՠ
﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀§ §
§  ﹔§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴ð远远ö§㰬﹔§⦸ՠ
§ 
§㉀軨§ ՠ§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
﹔远§
﹔﹔§蓨§㉀远﹔
§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴ð远远§ՠ
远諀﹔﹔§蓨§ 뜘ú ﹔ö§

C傈



Student
portfolio
×Ū㉀﹔⦸㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀㴴§㉀
﹔§蓨§ ﹔§
軨ՠ§﹔ՠ
﹔ݧ

沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴远§ՠ﹔§⦸㉀뜘﹔§
§ՠ§ ﹔§諀 ⦸ §远§⦸ՠ﹔§㉀ ㉀㉀§ՠ
§ ﹔§㉀﹔远远§㉀ § ﹔§
远軨﹔
远§⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§蓨§㉀㉀㴴
§
㉀§ ﹔§㉀ ㉀㉀§㉀ §﹔ՠ⦸ §远軨﹔
ö§§

D傈



Notebooks
of
children
×諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ
§ ㉀뜘﹔諀㉀㴴ݧ

㉀軨 ㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ§ ㉀뜘﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀§뜘ՠ
蓨§諀﹔
§諀㉀㴴远§
§ ﹔§﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴远§ö§

﹔蓨§ՠ远㉀§㉀§⦸﹔ՠ
§諀
§ՠ远㴴远§
§ ﹔§ՠ远远
뜘﹔
§㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ远§ ㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远㴴远ö§
﹔远﹔§﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴远§ՠ
§
㉀﹔ð諀㉀㴴§ ㉀㉀㴴远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ՠ远§ ﹔蓨§ 뜘㉀ՠ
§ ՠ
§ ՠ远⦸§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§
﹔
§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§ՠ§远⦸ ㉀㉀ö§

nĆĮ§
§
E傈§§§§§Products
evolved
in
groups
through
collaboration

㰬 ﹔§﹔
ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔
軨远§ ﹔§ 远軨﹔
远§諀 §远㉀뜘﹔§㉀軨§ 諀㉀㴴远ö§
﹔﹔§
뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§
軨ՠ§ՠ
§㉀軨§㉀﹔⦸远ö§沤軨﹔
远§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ⦸§ՠ远§㉀軨§﹔ՠ﹔远ö§
﹔§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§
蓨§㉀軨远§ՠ
§
軨ՠ远î§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴远§﹔远﹔
﹔§蓨§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§諀§﹔§﹔远﹔﹔§ՠ
§远﹔﹔§ՠ远§
﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
ö§§§

F傈





Scripts
of
Slip
Test

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀§﹔远﹔﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ
远諀﹔§远⦸远§ՠ远§﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ㉀§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§
㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§
§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
ö§
﹔蓨§远 ㉀軨§ՠ远㉀§뜘ՠ
ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸軨뜘軨ՠ﹔§ՠ﹔§﹔远﹔§
ՠ
§﹔⦸㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔远§
§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远ö§

Periodicity

Ū㉀

軨㉀軨远§㉀远﹔ՠ㉀
§ ㉀諀﹔﹔î§﹔⦸㉀
§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§㉀
⦸﹔§
§ՠ㉀軨§諀㉀§뜘㉀
 远§﹔㉀ö§

﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ㉀远﹔﹔远§  ﹔§ ﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ

⦸﹔§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ⦸ ﹔
§  ㉀軨 § 䜜軨﹔远㉀

î§ ㉀远﹔ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §
⦸ ﹔
§
㉀﹔㉀㉀㴴远î§ ՠ远远
뜘﹔
远î§ ⦸ՠ远远§ 諀㉀㴴远î§ ㉀﹔⦸远î§ ⦸ ﹔
§ ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§ 
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ

§
㉀⦸﹔远远î§ ㉀軨§ 諀㉀㴴§ ﹔⦸öî§
﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ՠ远§ ㉀§ ﹔⦸㉀§ 
§  ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ 뜘㉀
 远§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§
Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ՠՠ
远§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀㉀远§ö﹔ö§远﹔ՠ㉀
远î§㰬﹔
§諀㉀㴴远î§㉀﹔⦸§諀㉀㴴远î§沤§﹔远远ö§
§
㉀뜘ՠ﹔§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§Ć§
§軨蓨§﹔﹔蓨§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§蓨﹔ՠ›§§
㉀뜘ՠ﹔§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§n§
§沤﹔﹔뜘﹔§﹔﹔蓨§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§蓨﹔ՠ›§§
㉀뜘ՠ﹔§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§Đ§
§Ű﹔⦸﹔뜘﹔§﹔﹔蓨§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§蓨﹔ՠ›§
㉀뜘ՠ﹔§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§Ė§
§﹔軨ՠ蓨§﹔﹔蓨§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§蓨﹔ՠö§
§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ﹔§远 ㉀諀远§軨远§ ﹔§諀﹔ ՠ﹔远§ ՠ§ՠ﹔§﹔
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Რ






WEIGHTAGE
TABLE

Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§沤ՠ
ՠ远§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ 沤軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§
沤§
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远﹔ՠ

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㰬﹔ ՠ

㰬﹔
§

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㉀ՠ§
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﹔§§
﹔§

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◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ § § § § § § § § § §
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㉀ՠ§ ĆĀĀŧ ĐĀ§ ĆĀ§ § ĆĀ§ ĜĀ§ ĆĀĀŧ ĐĀ§ nĀ§ ĜĀ§

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Რ
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FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
MODEL
QUESTION傈
PAPER
for
CLASS伸

nnĀ§
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Რ







FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
MODEL
PAPER
FOR
CLASS伸

nnƧ
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Რ
皤






RECORDING
CHILDREN
PERFORMANCE

佨ՠ㴴远§ՠ远﹔§ՠ
§远蓨远﹔뜘§諀§﹔§ՠ远§ ㉀㉀諀远ö§

﹔§㉀
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Ā§§ĖĀ§§§ §§§ð§Ū§◤ՠ﹔§§

ĖƧðĜĀ§§ §§§ð§Ť§◤ՠ﹔§§

ĜƧð§ĨĀ§§ §§§ð§Ťè§◤ՠ﹔§

ĨĆð§ĴĀ§§§ §§§ð§Ş§◤ՠ﹔§

§§ § ĴƧՠ
§ՠ㉀﹔§§§§§§ð§Şè§◤ՠ﹔§

Records
and
Registers

Ŷ﹔蓨§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 뜘軨远§ 뜘ՠ

ՠ
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§

SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT

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﹔§﹔远§﹔뜘远§远 ㉀軨§
㉀§﹔§
远⦸﹔﹔§蓨﹔§﹔뜘远î§軨§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ ㉀远⦸ö§﹔
⦸﹔§
ՠՠ﹔§远§ ﹔§﹔远§㉀㉀§㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§
﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§
§ ﹔﹔
§㉀뜘ՠ
远§㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§ՠՠ﹔§ՠ远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§㉀﹔§諀 ﹔﹔§⦸ ﹔
§
⦸ՠ
§  
㴴§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔§ ՠ§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ 軨
﹔§  ﹔§ ﹔
§ ՠ远㴴ö§
﹔§ ⦸ ㉀远﹔
§
ՠՠ﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ§  ﹔§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§﹔﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§㉀뜘ՠ
ö§
﹔§
ՠՠ﹔远§ 远 ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§远⦸㉀﹔§㉀§
﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§远㉀﹔远î§﹔﹔远î§ՠ﹔远î§⦸㉀ՠ远î§ՠ㉀軨﹔远î§ՠ﹔远﹔뜘﹔
远§﹔⦸ö§§
§
Ū㉀
﹔
㉀
远§㉀ §諀
§ՠ
§◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§ՠ远㴴§㉀ §﹔
ö§ⵔ§
远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ㉀뜘§諀 § ﹔﹔
§蓨﹔远§㉀ §﹔㉀远ö§佨ՠ㴴远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ諀ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§
 ﹔§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
ö§








Რ




ASSESSING
DIFFERENT
DOMAINS

㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§
§Ŷ
远 î§Ģ§㉀뜘ՠ
远§ ՠ﹔§﹔﹔
§﹔
 ﹔ö§
﹔§﹔远§
﹔뜘远§ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§㴴﹔﹔
§
§﹔諀§㉀ § ﹔远﹔§㉀뜘ՠ
远ö§

ĆÝ 远﹔

§ՠ
§沤﹔ՠ㴴
ö§
nÝ ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
ĐÝ Ū㉀
﹔
㉀
远§㉀ §㰬
§
ĖÝ ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
ĜÝ ◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§
ĢÝ Ū﹔ՠ﹔§Ŷ ﹔远远㉀
远§×Ű远⦸㉀軨远﹔远Ý姧§×ՠݧ§ՠ§§§×ݧ㰬﹔
§

Domain
Რ




Listening
and
Speaking
Oral傈

远§㉀뜘ՠ
§ 远§軨﹔蓨§㉀ՠö§Ş諀ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔远§軨
﹔§ 远§㉀뜘ՠ
§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§
 ﹔§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ﹔
ö§ⵔ§㉀﹔远
§뜘﹔ՠ
§ ՠ§ ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§远§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§
㉀
§ՠ§远
﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀§ՠ§諀﹔﹔㴴§軨§㉀﹔§ՠ§﹔㉀§㉀ §뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
ö§
§

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§⦸㉀
远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔§ՠ諀ՠ
§ՠ﹔远§軨
﹔§ 远§㉀뜘ՠ
ö§§
§
ü Ū ﹔
远§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§軨
§ ﹔§
ö§
﹔远﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§
§諀㉀远§ú§ ՠ远﹔远ú§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ö§
ü Ū ﹔
远§ՠ蓨§㉀§䜜軨﹔远㉀
§軨
§
ö§
ü Ū ﹔
远§ՠ蓨§㉀§軨远﹔§ ㉀뜘軨ՠ⦸§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§軨
§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§諀 § ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔﹔§㉀軨ö§
ü Ū ﹔
远§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§軨
§⦸軨﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
î§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ §
ՠՠ﹔远î§﹔ՠ
§
㉀⦸﹔远远§﹔⦸ö§
§
Oral
Discourses
under
Creative
Expression

軨远§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§㉀ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§
§ՠ§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§⦸ՠ远远§ö﹔öî§Ū㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
远î§
﹔远⦸㉀
远î§
ՠՠ﹔远î§ ㉀﹔§ ՠ蓨ú§ 远㴴§ ՠ﹔§  ﹔§ ㉀㉀远§  ՠ§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ远远﹔远远§  ﹔§ ⦸﹔ՠ﹔§
ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸ ö§

nnĖ§
§
Domain
–



Conventions
of
Writing

ӄ
﹔§ 远î§ՠ§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ՠՠՠ §㉀§ՠ§
ՠՠ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§﹔
ö§沤軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔§㉀§﹔§ ﹔§
﹔뜘远§㉀ §Ūՠՠՠ㉀
﹔ՠ㉀
远§ú§Ş⦸㉀
蓨뜘远§î§軨
⦸軨ՠ㉀
§佨ՠ㴴远§ՠ
§远﹔
ö§

Domain
–
ૼ

Reading
Comprehension

軨远§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§蓨﹔远§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ՠ§﹔ՠ
§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ú§
⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§ú§㉀﹔뜘§úՠՠՠ §ú§远㉀蓨§ú
ՠՠ﹔§ú§﹔远⦸㉀
§ú§㉀远﹔远§ú
㉀⦸﹔远§úՠ﹔远﹔뜘﹔
远§ú§
﹔﹔ö§

Ť蓨§軨远
§ ﹔§﹔ 远î§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ ﹔﹔
§﹔远§﹔뜘远§ՠ远§﹔
§﹔㉀諀§

ĆÝ Ş远㴴§ ﹔﹔
§蓨﹔远§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远꧀§
﹔﹔
ՠî§ՠ
ՠ蓨⦸ՠî§﹔⦸
§蓨﹔î§⦸ՠ軨远﹔§Ë§﹔ ﹔⦸î§
㉀ՠî§㉀⦸ՠî§﹔远㉀
ՠ§﹔⦸ö§
nÝ 沤﹔䜜軨﹔
⦸﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔
远§
ĐÝ ⵔ
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§ՠ
远 ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔远§
ĖÝ 佨軨﹔§Ū ㉀⦸﹔§軨﹔远㉀
远§×佨Ūݧ

Domain
–



Vocabulary

﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ⦸﹔远§⦸ՠ
§﹔§﹔远
﹔§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ՠ§
ՠՠ﹔ú§远㉀蓨ú§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§﹔⦸ö§

ĆÝ 軨§諀㉀远§軨
﹔§ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
远î§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ远î§諀㉀§⦸ՠ远远 ⦸ՠ㉀
î§ՠ
§㉀§뜘ՠ
§㉀軨ö§
nÝ ﹔  ﹔远î§远軨  ﹔远ö§
ĐÝ 沤蓨
㉀
蓨뜘远§ՠ
§Ş
㉀
蓨뜘远ö§
ĖÝ 沤
軨ՠ远ð軨ՠ远î§﹔ð諀㉀远î§沤 ﹔ð諀㉀远ö§
ĜÝ Ş﹔ՠ㉀
远§
ĢÝ Ş⦸㉀
蓨뜘远§
ĨÝ 沤 ㉀§ ㉀뜘远§ú§⦸㉀
ՠ⦸﹔§ ㉀뜘远§
ĮÝ Ş
蓨§㉀ ﹔§﹔뜘§远⦸軨远远﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§

Domain
–


Grammar
(Editing)

ާ뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ՠՠՠ §㉀§ՠ§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§﹔
§諀 §远㉀뜘﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§뜘远ՠ㴴﹔远§
§ö§
軨远§远 ՠ§﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§⦸㉀﹔⦸㉀
远ö§軨﹔远㉀
远§㉀
§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§㉀
远§⦸㉀﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§
﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§⦸㉀
﹔ 軨ՠ蓨ö§Ş㉀§ՠ远㴴
§ՠ
蓨§远⦸﹔﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
§
Domain
–



Creative
Expressions
Oral
and
Written
Discourses傈




﹔§ ㉀ՠ§ ՠ§ 远 ㉀軨§
㉀§ ﹔§ 
⦸軨﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ 諀﹔
§ ﹔远ö§ ㉀§  远§ ㉀ՠ§ ՠ§ ⦸ ﹔
§
﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§  ﹔§⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§ 
§㉀ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§軨
§
 ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§﹔㉀ö§ӄ
﹔§諀﹔
§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远î§ՠ§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ ﹔
§ 
§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘§㉀ §ՠ§

ՠՠ﹔§ú远㉀蓨ú§﹔远⦸㉀
§ú§ՠ㉀軨﹔远ú§㉀﹔뜘§ú§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§﹔⦸öî§
﹔§远軨﹔
远§ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀§諀﹔§
 ﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§
﹔§﹔ §远 ㉀軨§﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔远§﹔
§
§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴远ö§
﹔§﹔ §
⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§远㉀蓨§﹔
§
§ ﹔§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴ö§
nnĜ§
§

﹔§ՠ远§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ 远§远 ㉀軨§㉀﹔§远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§諀
§ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§
§ ՠ§
ՠ⦸軨ՠ§⦸ՠ远远î§ö﹔öî§﹔远⦸㉀
î§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
î§ՠ蓨î§
㉀⦸﹔î§ՠ뜘ՠ§远⦸î§㉀ ﹔î§﹔远远ՠ蓨î§﹔㉀î§
远㉀ՠ
远î§
﹔諀远§ ﹔㉀§ ՠ
§ 諀﹔ð軨远ö§ Ş ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
î§ ﹔§ 뜘ՠ㴴远§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§㉀远﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ՠ﹔§
﹔
§ ㉀
§  ﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀ § ﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
§ ՠ﹔ö§ Ŷՠ⦸ § ՠ远㴴§ 远§ ՠ뜘﹔§ ՠ§ ՠ远远﹔远远
§ ⦸﹔ՠ
§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔
⦸﹔远ö§
Ş⦸⦸㉀
蓨î§ ﹔§뜘ՠ㴴远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§㉀远﹔ö§
§
§













SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
MODEL
QUESTION
PAPER
for

CLASS伸

沤ӄ佨佨Ş
ⵔŶ§Ş沤沤Ŷ沤沤佨Ŷ
§§

Ūՠ远远ðn§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ŷ
远 §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§
뜘﹔ĺ§nöĐĀ远§

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
ĺ湌湌湌湌湌湌ö§§

㉀§㉀ĺ湌湌湌湌湌湌öö§ § § § § § § § § 佨ՠ㴴远ĺ§ĜĀ§

Ş⦸ՠ﹔ ՠ§ 㰬﹔

§
㉀ՠ§
뜘⦸§ 远﹔
﹔ՠ
§ ㉀⦸ՠ Ū﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ Ū㉀
﹔
ð ㉀⦸ՠð Ū﹔ՠ
远ՠ
ՠ 
§Ë§ Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔ 軨ՠ蓨§ Ŷ ﹔远远 ⦸㉀뜘﹔ð ㉀
远§㉀ § 軨ՠ蓨§ ﹔§
远§ 沤﹔ՠ㴴
远㉀
§ ㉀
§ ﹔
远㉀
§ 諀
§ ﹔ ﹔远

§ 远ð㉀
远§

ՠ远㴴§ Ūՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ远﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ Ƨ Ė§ n§ Ч Ė§
㉀§ ㉀§㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§㉀ §ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§§
佨ՠ㴴远§ Ĝ§ ĆĀ§ ĆĀ§ Ĝ§ Ĝ§ Ĝ§ Ĝ§ Ĝ§ ĜĀ§
Ş㉀
﹔§
佨ՠ㴴远§ § § § § § § § § §
ՠ
﹔§
◤ՠ﹔§ § § § § § § § § §
§
§

§Oral
Part§×ĐĀ§佨ՠ㴴远ݧ

远§㉀ՠ§ՠ§远 ㉀軨§﹔§﹔远

﹔§ՠ
§ՠ뜘
远﹔﹔§蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
﹔
§뜘﹔ö§

Ćݧ§沤 ㉀諀§远㉀뜘﹔§⦸軨﹔远§ՠ
§ՠ远㴴§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§

nݧ沤 ㉀諀§远㉀뜘﹔§㉀﹔⦸远§ՠ
§ՠ远㴴§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远ö§

nnĢ§
§
 Written
Part§×nĀ§佨ՠ㴴远ݧ

Task
伸Რ

Reading
comprehensionĺ§

Read the following.

Ū ﹔
§⦸ՠ蓨§ ﹔§㉀㉀㴴远§
§ՠ§ՠö§
﹔§﹔§
远§ՠ§

﹔ö§ⵔ§远§ ﹔§ 远§﹔ö§Ş§㉀ §軨远§ՠ远远﹔뜘﹔§
§
 ﹔§ՠ蓨㉀軨
ö§

Choose the right answer from those given in the brackets.

Ćö§Ū ﹔
§ՠ﹔§⦸ՠ蓨
§ ﹔§§×㉀㉀㴴远ú㉀ ﹔远ݧ

nö§
﹔§ 远§﹔§
远§ՠ§§×Ĵ§§Ū㉀⦸㴴§ú§Į§§Ū㉀⦸㴴ݧ

Đö§Ū ﹔
§ՠ远远﹔뜘﹔§
§ ﹔§§×ՠ蓨㉀軨
ú⦸ՠ远远㉀㉀뜘ݧ

Ėö§㰬 ㉀§远ՠ
远§ ՠ⦸
§ ﹔§軨远Œ§ö§× ﹔ՠ뜘ՠ远﹔§ú§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ݧ

Ĝö§㰬 ﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§軨远軨ՠ蓨§ՠ蓨Œ§§ö§×뜘㉀

§ú§﹔﹔

ݧ

Task
–

Raju
goes
to
school
for
learning

Write
the
words
associated
with
the
school

öööööö
öööööö ööööööö
沤⦸ ㉀㉀
öööööö öööööö
ööööööö

nnĨ§
§
Task
伸
ૼ

Creative
Expression

Fill
in
the
blanks
with
appropriate
words
given
below

Potter, teacher, postman, cobbler, washerman

Ćö§Ş§﹔远㉀
§諀 ㉀§﹔﹔远§﹔﹔远§ö§

nö§Ş§﹔远㉀
§諀 ㉀§諀ՠ远 ﹔远§⦸㉀ ﹔远§§ö§

Đö§Ş§﹔远㉀
§諀 ㉀§뜘﹔
远§远 ㉀﹔远§§ö§

Ėö§Ş§﹔远㉀
§諀 ㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔远§㉀远§§ö§

Ĝö§Ş§﹔远㉀
§諀 ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔远远㉀
远§§ö§

Task
–

Conventions
of
writing

u
–
b
–
e
伸伸伸
a

Z
–
b
–
a

nnĮ§
§

t
–
g
–
r

m
_
nk
_y

p__
__
co__k

ާ軨﹔§
§远§ՠ§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ ՠ§㉀﹔远§ ﹔§ՠ远远§ ㉀§﹔﹔㉀
§ՠ
§﹔
﹔§﹔远ö§§

nnĴ§
§






ૼ


MODEL
BLUE
PRINT
FOR
CLASS伸

SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
PAPER

Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§ 軨﹔远㉀

§ 沤㉀軨⦸﹔§ 佨ՠ㴴远§ ﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔蓨§ 沤 ㉀§ Ŷ远远ՠ蓨§
㉀ՠ§
沤ՠ
ՠ远§ ú§ՠ远㴴§㉀§
蓨﹔§ 远 ㉀§ Ş
远諀﹔§
蓨﹔§
ՠ
远諀﹔§ 蓨﹔§
蓨﹔§
远﹔

§ՠ
§ ՠ§ Ŷ
远 § ĆĀ§ § § ĆĀ§ § ĆĀ§
远﹔ՠ㴴
§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ú§
㉀軨远﹔§
뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
﹔ՠ
§ Ƨ
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ Ĝ§ n§ § Ч § Ĝ§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
Ū㉀
﹔
㉀
远§㉀ § n§ ӄ
远﹔﹔
§ú§ Ĝ§ § § Ĝ§ § Ĝ§
諀
§ ﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ Ч
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ Ĝ§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§
◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ Ė§
﹔ ðՠ远﹔§ Ĝ§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§

﹔﹔
﹔
§
Ū﹔ՠ﹔§ Ĝ§
﹔ ðՠ远﹔§ Ĝ§ § § Ĝ§ § Ĝ§
Ŷ ﹔远远㉀
§ 
﹔﹔
﹔
§
Ģ§
﹔ ðՠ远﹔§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§ Ĝ§

﹔﹔
﹔
§
Ĩ§ ӄ
远﹔﹔
§§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§ Ĝ§
Į§
﹔ ðՠ远﹔§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§ Ĝ§

﹔﹔
﹔
§

㉀ՠ远§ Į§ § ĜĀ§ Ćn§ Ā§ nЧ ĆĜ§ ĜĀ§
§

SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
MODEL
PAPER
–

TH
CLASS

沤ӄ佨佨Ş
ⵔŶ§Ş沤沤Ŷ沤沤佨Ŷ
§

Ūՠ远远ðĖ§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ § §Ŷ
远 § § § § § § § §
뜘﹔ĺ§nöĐĀ远§

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
ĺ湌湌湌湌湌湌ö§§ § § § § § §佨ՠ㴴远ĺ§ĜĀ§

㉀§㉀ĺ湌湌湌湌湌湌öö§§

Academic
Listening
Reading
Conventio Vocabu Grammar
Creative
Total

Standards
and
Comprehe ns
of
伸lary
Expression

Speaking
nsion
writing

Oral傈

Task
No
Classroom
Რ


ૼ





皤





based

assessment

Marks
Რ











obtained

Grade








nĐĀ§
§
Listening
and
speaking

Რ

marks傈§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔䜜軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀§
ՠՠ﹔§ՠ§远㉀蓨§㉀§﹔ՠ§ ՠ§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ ㉀
⦸﹔§ ㉀§諀⦸﹔§ՠ
§ ՠ远㴴§ 远㉀뜘﹔§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ 
軨ՠ蓨§ ՠ
§ ՠ远远﹔远远§  ﹔§ 远﹔

§ ՠ§ 
§  ﹔§ Ŷ
远 § ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘§ ㉀軨远﹔§
뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§ 㴴﹔§远㉀蓨§㉀㉀㴴远î§ՠ﹔远î§Ū ՠ
ՠ뜘ՠ뜘ՠ§﹔⦸ö§×
﹔§뜘﹔§远㉀§ ㉀§ 远§ՠ远㴴§远§
㉀§
⦸軨﹔§

§  ﹔§﹔远﹔
§远軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§뜘﹔ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔䜜軨﹔远﹔§ ㉀§ ⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ⦸㉀
軨⦸§ ﹔§
㉀ՠ§﹔远§ՠ ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ՠ뜘§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
﹔
§뜘﹔öݧ

Reading
comprehension



marks傈

Task
伸
Რ

Read
the
following
passage

◤㉀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ §㉀ §﹔

§ ՠ 軨î§ ﹔§﹔﹔§ ﹔§ §㉀§軨
§ ՠ远î§ՠ⦸﹔§㉀§ ﹔§远諀ՠ
î§
ՠ§远 ՠ§远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§㉀諀§ՠ
§ՠ§﹔ՠ軨 軨§ՠ§㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸㉀⦸㴴ö§
㉀§ ﹔§﹔﹔ ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§远﹔
 §ՠ
§
㉀§ ﹔§ ㉀ § ﹔§ՠ﹔§⦸﹔﹔
﹔远远ö§

Choose
the
correct
answer
and
write
its
letter
in
the
brackets

Ćö§㰬 ㉀§§◤㉀§﹔§ ﹔§ §㉀§軨

§ ՠ远Œ§ § § § § ק ݧ

ՠݧ﹔﹔ ՠ
§ § ݧ﹔﹔§§ § ⦸ݧ ㉀ §

nö§◤㉀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ §㉀ §﹔

§ ՠ 軨§㉀§湌湌湌湌§§ § § ק ݧ

ՠݧ﹔﹔§§ § Ý﹔ՠð⦸㉀⦸㴴§ § ⦸ݧ㉀§§

ՠ
远諀﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§

Đö§㰬 ՠ§§ ﹔§◤㉀§﹔§㉀§ ﹔§远諀ՠ

Œ§ §

Ş
远ĺ§

Ėö§諀 ㉀뜘§§ ﹔§◤㉀§﹔§⦸﹔﹔

﹔远远Œ§

Ş
远ĺ§

Ĝö§㰬 ⦸ §§ ՠ远§ՠ§﹔ՠ軨 軨§ՠŒ§

Ş
远ĺ§

Conventions
of
Writing

Task
–





Marks

Rewrite
the
following
sentence
by
correcting
the
spelling
of
underlined
words
and
put

capital
letters

commas

full伸stops

exclamation
marks
wherever
necessary

§㉀
§ՠ
§蓨ՠ§ ՠ﹔§§蓨㉀軨§﹔
㉀蓨﹔§蓨㉀軨§§ՠ远㴴﹔§ՠ﹔﹔ö§§

Ş
远ĺ§

nĐƧ
§
§

Vocabulary
Task
–
ૼ




marks

Write
a
new
word
by
adding
a
letter
to
the
first
letter
of
given
words

One
is
done
for
you傈

row

grow

ՠ§ § ððððððð§§

ՠ뜘 § § ððððððð§§

﹔ՠ§ § ððððððð§

ՠ
§ § ððððððð§

ՠ
§ § ðððððððð§

Grammar
§Task
–



伸
Marks傈

Fill
in
the
blanks
with
right
‘action
word’

Ćö§Ű㉀⦸㉀远§湌湌湌湌湌§×諀㉀㴴ú諀㉀㴴远ݧ
§ՠ§ ㉀远ՠö§

nö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§§×軨﹔ú軨﹔远ݧ ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§

Đö§沤軨﹔
远§§×㉀ú㉀﹔远ݧ㉀§远⦸ ㉀㉀ö§

Ėö§軨远﹔§§× ﹔ú ﹔远ݧ ﹔§㉀⦸㉀远ö§

Ĝö§ՠ뜘﹔§§×㉀諀ú㉀諀远ݧ⦸㉀远ö§

nĐn§
§
Creative
expression




Marks

Task
–


Marks傈

See
the
following
picture
and
write
the
names
of
five
fruits
and
their
colours

Რ

Apple
–
It
is
red
in
colour

ૼ



Task
–










Marks傈

Write
a
few
suggestions
to
your
gardener
for
the
best
growth
of
your
garden

Use
the

following
hints

enough
water
–
put
manure
–
allow
–
sunrise
–
remove
weed
–
fencing
–
visit
regularly傈

One
is
done
for
you傈

Რ

Supply
enough
water
to
the
plants

ૼ

nĐЧ
§


Task
–
皤

Write
a
story
using
the
following
hints





Marks

﹔﹔§⦸ՠ远§§
﹔ ㉀軨
§§⦸㉀远﹔§§ ﹔
远§§远⦸軨远远远§§⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀
§§
﹔﹔远§§㉀
﹔§§諀 ﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨§
§ՠ
㉀ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴§§ §㉀諀
ö§

×One
is
done
for
you傈

Რ

Three
cats
lived
in
neighbouring
houses

ૼ



Task
–

List
out
some
superstitions
that
you
see
in
your
area



Marks

The
following
clues
will
help
you
傈

Ūՠ远§⦸㉀远远
§蓨㉀軨§ՠ î§ ՠ§⦸軨§㉀
§
軨﹔远ՠ蓨î§﹔ՠ㴴
§뜘㉀§
远§远﹔﹔
§蓨﹔ՠ远§ՠ§軨⦸㴴î§ՠ§
ՠ
§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀蓨§远§ՠ§軨⦸㴴ݧ

Ćö§ӄ远
§﹔ § ՠ
§
§뜘㉀
﹔蓨§ՠ㴴
§ՠ
§
§远§ՠö§

nö§

Đö§

Ėö§

Ĝö§

Ģö§

ãããããããããããã§

nĐĖ§
§
 After
preparing
the
question
paper
it
is
mandatory
for
every
teacher
to
prepare
the

scoring
key
and
marking
scheme§

沤⦸㉀
§䇼﹔蓨§远§㉀§﹔§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§㉀﹔⦸﹔§ 蓨﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ՠ
§  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ㴴
§远⦸ ﹔뜘﹔§ ㉀§
㉀ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
﹔§ 远⦸㉀
§ 㴴﹔蓨§﹔远§  ﹔§ ՠ ՠ﹔§㉀§
㉀§㉀ § ﹔§ ⦸㉀﹔⦸§ ՠ
远諀﹔§ՠ
§  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ㴴远§
⦸ՠ﹔§蓨§﹔ՠ⦸ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
ö§
﹔§ 뜘ՠ㴴
§远⦸ ﹔뜘﹔§ ﹔远§  ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§㉀軨
﹔§ ՠ
远諀﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§
㉀
远§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §ՠ远﹔⦸§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ
远諀﹔ö§§

Ű﹔ՠ﹔§ 
远軨⦸㉀
远§ ㉀§ 뜘ՠ㴴
远§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ远㉀§ 諀㉀㴴﹔§ ㉀軨ö§ ㉀§ ﹔ ՠ뜘﹔§ 
§ 뜘ՠ㴴
§
ՠՠՠ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§﹔⦸î§§远§远﹔⦸ ﹔§ՠ远§㉀§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§뜘ՠ㴴远§㉀§﹔§﹔軨⦸﹔§ ㉀§远﹔
§﹔㉀远§
㉀§ 远軨⦸軨ՠ§ ﹔㉀远ö§
﹔§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ 뜘ՠ㴴
§ 远⦸ ﹔뜘﹔§ 远§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ ﹔
远軨﹔§  ﹔§ ⦸㉀
远远﹔
⦸蓨§ ՠ
§
軨
 ㉀뜘蓨§ 
§ 远⦸㉀
§ 蓨§  ﹔﹔
§ ﹔ ՠ뜘
﹔远ö§ ⵔ
§ ㉀ ﹔§ 諀㉀远§  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ㴴
§ 远⦸ ﹔뜘﹔§ ﹔
远軨﹔远§
﹔ՠ蓨§㉀ §远⦸㉀
ö§










GUIDELINES
FOR
PREPARATION
OF
SUMMATIVE
QUESTION
PAPER

ĆÝ ⵔ
§远軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§nĀŧ㉀ §뜘ՠ㴴远§远§ՠ㉀﹔§㉀§㉀ՠ§﹔远§ՠ
§ĮĀŧ㉀ §뜘ՠ㴴远§远§ՠ㉀﹔§㉀§
諀﹔
§ ﹔远ö§
﹔§ 远軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
§ ՠ﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ĖĀ§ 뜘ՠ㴴远ö§
軨﹔远㉀
§ՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔§諀﹔
§﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ
§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
蓨ö§§
nÝ ӄ
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
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
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§﹔ՠ⦸ §⦸ՠ远远ö§
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§
㉀﹔§ՠ§﹔㉀§㉀ §뜘﹔§軨§
㉀§㉀
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§远§ ﹔﹔
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§
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蓨ö§
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﹔§
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§
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§ ﹔뜘§
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§
﹔ՠ⦸ §⦸ՠ远远ö§﹔ ﹔§ ﹔§
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㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀§⦸ՠ远远§諀远﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远ö§
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ö§Ş§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔§
远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ﹔
§ 諀 § ﹔㉀远§ ՠ
§ 뜘ՠ㴴远§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ諀ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸⦸㉀
蓨ö§ ◤ՠ﹔远§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§
ՠ諀ՠ﹔§軨
﹔§ ﹔§﹔远﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔ՠ
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﹔
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§ՠ
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nĐĜ§
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
§  ﹔§ ﹔﹔
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ĆĀÝ Ŷՠ⦸ §ՠ远㴴§远 ㉀軨§⦸ՠ蓨§Ĝ§㉀§ĆĀ§뜘ՠ㴴远ö§ᴐ㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ远㉀§﹔§§
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﹔§ՠ﹔§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §㉀뜘ՠ
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ĆĆÝ
﹔§ 諀﹔ ՠ﹔§ ﹔
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﹔§  ﹔§ 諀﹔
§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ 远§ ĖĀÅö§ Ş ﹔§ ﹔ՠ軨ՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ՠ
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远⦸远§ ՠ§  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ㴴远§ ﹔
§ ㉀§ 諀﹔
§ 远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ ՠ§ 远
﹔§ ՠ﹔§
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远﹔﹔§ ㉀§ՠ諀ՠ
§ՠ﹔远ö§
ĆnÝ 㰬 ﹔§﹔ՠ軨ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ
远諀﹔§远⦸远î§ ﹔§
⦸ՠ㉀远§ ㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §远⦸㉀軨远﹔§軨
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ §⦸ՠ远远§远 ㉀軨§
﹔§㴴﹔§
§뜘
§ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴远§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ՠ諀ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
蓨ö§

RECORDING
THE
CHILDREN’S
PERFORMANCE

Ş ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ §沤軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§远 ㉀軨§﹔⦸㉀§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ § ﹔§
远軨﹔
§㉀
§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
§ՠ﹔§远﹔ §ՠ
§ՠ远㉀§
§ ﹔§﹔远﹔§
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§㉀ ㉀뜘ՠö§

沤ö§ ՠ뜘﹔§ 远﹔


§ ﹔ՠ
§ ◤ՠ뜘ð§ ㉀⦸ՠð§ Ū㉀
﹔
§ Ū﹔ՠ﹔§
㉀ՠ§ ◤ՠ﹔§
㉀§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ § 뜘ՠ§ 軨ՠ蓨§ ㉀
远§ ㉀ § ﹔ ﹔§ ×ĜĀݧ
远軨﹔
§ 沤﹔ՠ㴴
§ ﹔
远㉀
§ ×Ĝݧ ×Ĝݧ 諀
§ 沤远㉀
远§
ՠ§×ĆĀݧ ×Ĝݧ ×Ĝݧ ×nĀݧ
Ƨ ՠՠ
§ Į§ Ė§ Ė§ Ч Ĝ§ Ćn§ ĐĢ§ ާ
n§ 沤軨뜘ՠ § Ĩ§ Ė§ Ĝ§ Ė§ Ė§ ĆĜ§ ĐĴ§ ާ
Ч 佨ՠ 軨§ Ģ§ Ė§ Ĝ§ Ч Ė§ ĆĴ§ ĖƧ ާ
§

皤






TEST
ITEMS
FOR
CLASSES
伸Რ
AND

Რ傈§Listening
and
Speaking
Oral傈§§§

Ūՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀
§湌§

ĆÝ
﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔ð§远 ﹔﹔§
nÝ ﹔远㉀

§㉀§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远§㉀㉀뜘§
远軨⦸㉀
远ö§
ĐÝ ՠՠ﹔远§ú§沤㉀﹔远§
ĖÝ Ş
蓨§⦸軨﹔§﹔ՠ
§
§ ﹔§ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§
§

傈
Creative
Expression
Oral傈
–§§

﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§㴴﹔§湌§

ĆÝ Ş§
﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§远㉀
§
nÝ 沤﹔ §
㉀軨⦸㉀
§
ĐÝ ⵔ
㉀軨⦸
§㉀ ﹔远§
ĖÝ 㴴﹔远§ՠ
§远㴴﹔远§×ՠ㉀軨§㉀
﹔远﹔ §㉀§㉀ ﹔远ݧ
ĜÝ Ū㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
§×諀 §㉀
﹔§㉀§諀㉀§﹔ ⦸ ՠ
﹔远ݧ

nĐĢ§
§
ૼ傈


Reading
Comprehension
written傈§§

ĆÝ ՠ뜘
§ ﹔§﹔
§⦸軨﹔远§§ĐðĖ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ð§
ՠՠ﹔§§
nÝ ⵔ﹔
 ⦸ՠ㉀
ú◤㉀軨
úŪՠ远远 ⦸ՠ㉀
ú⦸軨﹔§﹔ՠ
§㉀ §諀㉀远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀軨§㉀ §
諀㉀远§
ĐÝ §
§ ﹔§ՠ
㴴远§諀 §⦸㉀﹔⦸§﹔﹔远§㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀ú§諀㉀远ö§
ĖÝ §뜘ՠ
§㉀軨ö§
ĜÝ 佨ՠ⦸ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀§ ﹔§諀㉀§
ĢÝ 佨ՠ⦸ §㉀
﹔§諀㉀§諀 §㉀ ﹔§諀㉀§
ĨÝ Ū ㉀㉀远﹔§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸§㉀
﹔ö§

傈

Conventions
of
Writing
written傈§ð§

ĆÝ ﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ ՠ﹔§

nÝ 軨뜘﹔§﹔﹔远§
§ՠ§諀㉀§× ㉀§ ﹔§﹔
§⦸軨﹔ݧ
ĐÝ 佨远远
§﹔﹔远§× ㉀§ ﹔§﹔
§⦸軨﹔Ýú諀㉀远§
ĖÝ 沤﹔
§﹔㉀§
§ ﹔§﹔
§諀㉀远§× ㉀§ ﹔§﹔
§⦸軨﹔ݧ
ĜÝ Ūՠՠՠ㉀
§
ĢÝ 軨§远㉀§×軨
⦸軨ՠ㉀
ݧ

傈

Vocabulary
written傈
伸

×ݧ§§§Ū㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ§

§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§×ՠݧ§§§§×ՠ軨㉀›§﹔﹔›§⦸ՠ›§軨远Ýö§§§§§§§§§§§ §§§§§§§§§×ݧ§§§﹔ ⦸﹔远§

§§§§§§×諀 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ﹔

§諀㉀远ݧ§§§§§§§§§§§§§ ×諀 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ﹔
§⦸軨﹔ݧ

×ݧ§§§
§ ﹔§ՠ
㴴远§

×ݧ§㰬㉀§軨
§諀 § ﹔§ ﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔远§

傈



Creative
Expression
written
discourse傈§§

×ݧ沤뜘﹔§﹔远⦸㉀
远§
§㉀
﹔§㉀§諀㉀§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§

×ݧ沤뜘﹔§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
远§諀 §㉀
﹔§㉀§諀㉀§﹔ ⦸ ՠ
﹔远§

﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
§ՠ﹔§远 ㉀軨§﹔§뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远§﹔§ ﹔§ՠ㉀﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
远ö§

nĐĨ§
§














TEST
ITEMS
FOR
CLASSES
III
TO
V

A傈
Oral

a傈
Listening


Speaking

ü 軨远§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§軨
§ ﹔§
ö§
﹔远﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§
§諀㉀远§ú§ ՠ远﹔远§ú§
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﹔
⦸﹔远§
ü
ü
軨远§ՠ蓨§㉀§䜜軨﹔远㉀
§軨
§
§

ü
軨远§ՠ蓨§㉀§軨远﹔§ ㉀뜘軨ՠ⦸§﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§軨
§ ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
远§諀 §﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ
§﹔﹔§

ü
㉀軨ö§
軨远§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§軨
§⦸軨﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
î§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀ §
ՠՠ﹔远î§远㉀蓨﹔
î§

ü
﹔ՠ
§
㉀⦸﹔远远§ՠ
§﹔
﹔ՠ§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
ö§
§
b傈 Oral
discourses

ü

ü
軨远§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§远⦸㉀軨远﹔远§ՠ﹔﹔§㉀§ ՠ§ՠ⦸軨ՠ§⦸ՠ远远ö§

ü
Ū㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
远§諀 §뜘
뜘軨뜘§㉀ §ĐðĖ§﹔ ⦸ ՠ
﹔远§

ü
Ű﹔远⦸
§ՠ§⦸軨﹔î§远軨ՠ㉀
§㉀§
⦸﹔
§
§ՠ㉀軨§ĐðĜ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§

ü
Ş
§
﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀﹔뜘§ú§ 蓨뜘﹔ö§

ü
沤﹔䜜軨﹔
⦸
§㉀ §﹔﹔
远§㉀ §ՠ§远㉀蓨§ú§
ՠՠ﹔§
﹔⦸㉀
远§
§

B傈





Written
Test

I傈

Reading
Comprehension

Ø 軨远§﹔远㉀
远﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§㴴
远§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ远远ՠ﹔î§
Ū㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
î§ ㉀﹔뜘远î§ ՠՠՠ î§ 远㉀蓨î§
ՠՠ﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔远⦸㉀
远î§ ㉀远﹔远î§ 뜘﹔远远ՠ﹔远î§ § §

㉀⦸﹔远î§ՠ﹔远﹔뜘﹔
远î§﹔﹔远ö§

Ø Ť蓨§軨远
§ ﹔§ՠ㉀﹔§﹔远远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§﹔远§﹔뜘远§ՠ远§﹔
§﹔㉀諀ĺ§
Ű ﹔﹔
§㴴
远§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§×
﹔﹔
ՠî§ՠ
ՠ蓨⦸ՠî§㉀ՠî§﹔远㉀
ՠî§㉀⦸ՠî§﹔⦸öݧ§§§§§

Ø 沤﹔䜜軨﹔
⦸
ö§
Ø Ūՠ远远 蓨§
Ø ﹔⦸㉀
§
Ø §
§ՠ§ՠ﹔§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §
Ø ﹔⦸﹔§蓨﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§×軨﹔ú ՠ远﹔î§ §
§ ﹔§ՠ
㴴远î§⦸ ㉀㉀远﹔§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸§ՠ
远諀﹔î§

Ø Ū㉀뜘﹔㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远î§㉀
﹔§諀㉀§远軨远軨㉀
î§﹔⦸ö§
뜘ՠ⦸ 
î§

nĐĮ§
§
II傈

Conventions
of
writing

Ø ӄ
﹔§ 远§ՠ
蓨§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§﹔
§ՠ远§﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔ö§
远§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §远 ㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§
远㉀뜘﹔§軨
﹔
﹔§ՠ远§諀 §⦸﹔ՠ
§軨
⦸軨ՠ㉀
§뜘ՠ㴴远î§⦸ՠՠՠ㉀
§ՠ
§远﹔
§﹔㉀远ö§

Ø Ū ﹔
§ ՠ﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§⦸㉀﹔⦸㉀
远§ՠ
§﹔諀﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ö§

III傈

Vocabulary

Ø ◤㉀軨
§諀㉀远î§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ远î§諀㉀§⦸ՠ远远 ⦸ՠ㉀
î§㉀§뜘ՠ
§㉀軨î§諀㉀§ՠ뜘﹔远î§軨﹔远ö§
Ø ﹔  ﹔远î§沤軨  ﹔远ö§
Ø 㰬㉀远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ﹔ՠ远ö§
Ø ㉀뜘
§
﹔諀§諀㉀远§蓨§﹔﹔
§㉀§ՠ
§﹔﹔远ö§
Ø 沤蓨
㉀
蓨뜘远§Ë§Ş
㉀
蓨뜘远ö§
Ø 沤
軨ՠ远§§軨ՠ远§›§ ﹔§諀㉀远§§远 ﹔§諀㉀远§
Ø ⵔ﹔
 蓨
§
㉀軨
远î§ՠ﹔⦸﹔远î§﹔远î§﹔⦸ö§

IV傈


Grammar

Ø Ŷ
§
ՠÝ Ş§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§ՠՠՠ §ú§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§㉀ §ՠ㉀軨§Ĝ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§諀 §远㉀뜘﹔§ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§뜘远ՠ㴴﹔远§

§ö§
Ý Ū ﹔
§ ՠ﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨§⦸㉀﹔⦸㉀
远§
§ ﹔§軨
﹔
﹔§ՠ远§×뜘远ՠ㴴﹔远ݧ ㉀§ ﹔§
﹔
§ՠՠՠ §ú§ՠ远远ՠ﹔ö§
Ø §ՠ뜘
§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ՠ§ՠՠՠ §ú§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ú§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
î§﹔⦸öî§
§×諀 ð§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§Ë§ᴐ﹔远§ú§㉀§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远Ýö§
§
V傈


Creative
Expressions

Written
discourses傈

ՠÝ ﹔ՠ
§﹔ §㉀§﹔§﹔
§
§ ﹔§ ㉀뜘§㉀ §ՠ§
ՠՠ﹔ú远㉀蓨ú﹔远⦸㉀
úՠ㉀軨﹔远§
ú㉀﹔뜘úՠ远远ՠ﹔î§﹔⦸ö§§§

﹔§﹔ §⦸ՠ
§﹔§ՠ
§﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§㉀ §ՠ§远㉀蓨§
§ ﹔§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴§㉀§ՠ§
﹔諀§㉀
﹔§諀 §ՠ§﹔ՠ﹔§
 ﹔뜘﹔ö§
Ý
﹔§ՠ远§
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ §远 ՠ§﹔§远⦸㉀﹔§ ㉀§諀
§ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ՠ﹔﹔§
§ ՠ§
ՠ⦸軨ՠ§⦸ՠ远远§×﹔远⦸㉀
î§⦸㉀
﹔远ՠ㉀
î§﹔﹔î§ՠ蓨î§
㉀⦸﹔î§﹔⦸öÝö§
§

nĐĴ§
§


뜀







MODEL
TEST
ITEMS

沤㉀뜘﹔§뜘㉀﹔远§㉀ §﹔远§﹔뜘远§ՠ﹔§﹔

§﹔㉀諀§ ㉀§ՠ⦸⦸﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§﹔
§㉀§﹔远§ ﹔﹔
§
ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
ՠ远ö§ᴐ㉀軨§뜘ՠ蓨§ 
§ ՠ§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔﹔
§ ㉀뜘远ö§

Test
items
for
Listening

ĆÝ ՠ
î§⦸㉀远﹔§ ﹔§諀
㉀諀ö

nÝ ՠ軨î§远ՠ
§軨ö

ĐÝ 沤軨ՠ
î§⦸﹔ՠ
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴§㉀ՠö

ĖÝ Ū㉀뜘﹔§ ﹔﹔ö

ĜÝ Ū㉀远﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö

ĢÝ 㰬ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ
ö

ĨÝ ◤﹔§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀§䇼远
ՠö

ĮÝ 沤諀⦸ §㉀ § ﹔§ ՠ
ö

ĴÝ ՠ뜘ՠî§㉀﹔
§蓨㉀軨§Ŷ
远 §㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ՠ﹔§
㉀ö§ĆĀö

ĆĀÝ Ť
§뜘﹔§ՠ§蓨﹔㉀諀§ ㉀諀﹔ö



Test
items
for
following
directions




ĆÝ
ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§远 ﹔﹔§㉀ §ՠ﹔î§ՠ諀§ՠ§﹔﹔î§⦸㉀㉀§ ﹔§﹔ՠ﹔远§﹔﹔
î§⦸㉀㉀§ ﹔§ 軨远§﹔î§⦸㉀㉀§ ﹔§
軨
㴴§㉀諀
§ՠ
§远 ㉀諀§§㉀§뜘﹔ö§
nÝ 沤ՠ
§軨î§軨
§ î§諀ՠ㴴§远ՠ î§㉀§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴ð㉀ՠî§諀﹔§蓨㉀軨§
ՠ뜘﹔î§⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ⦸㴴î§
ՠ
§远§㉀諀
ö§
ĐÝ
ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§﹔⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ﹔î§ ㉀§§
㉀§諀㉀§ ՠ﹔远ö§㉀§§ՠՠ
î§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§ ㉀﹔§
§ ﹔§뜘﹔î§
远 ㉀諀§§㉀§뜘﹔ö§
§
Test
items
for
recitation
of
a
rhyme




ĆÝ 沤ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔§ՠîî⦸îî﹔î î湌öö

nÝ 沤ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔§ՠ⦸㴴§ՠ
§§諀﹔
§軨§ ﹔§ 湌湌ö

ĐÝ 沤ՠ蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔§諀
㴴﹔§諀
㴴﹔§﹔§远ՠ湌湌öö



Test
items
to
listen
and
say




Ćö§ ާ㉀㉀㴴§ ާՠ§ ާՠ뜘§ ާ㉀ § ާ㉀蓨§
nö§ ާ﹔
⦸§ ާ⦸ ՠ§ ާ⦸㉀⦸㴴§ ާ⦸ՠ﹔
ՠ§ ާ§
Đö§
﹔§㉀⦸﹔§远ՠ㉀
§
﹔§㉀远§㉀ ⦸﹔§ ՠ蓨§㉀軨
§ Ş
§ՠ﹔㉀ՠ
﹔§ ާ⦸蓨⦸﹔§

Test
cases
for
finding
words
with
similar
words
from
each
group

Რ

ާ ՠ
§§ ާՠ
§§ ާ 軨
§



ާ⦸ՠ§ ާ⦸ՠ﹔ՠ§ ާ⦸㉀§
ૼ


Űՠ諀
§§ Ű㉀§ Ű軨⦸㴴§

nĖĀ§
§
Test
cases
to
listen
and
respond

ĆÝ ՠî§ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§﹔⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ﹔§ՠ
§ ㉀§§ՠ㉀
ՠ蓨§軨
㉀§ ﹔§ՠ﹔§ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§§ՠ§远䜜軨ՠ﹔ö§
nÝ
ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§﹔⦸﹔§㉀ §ՠ﹔î§ՠ諀§ՠ§⦸⦸﹔§軨§ՠ§㉀§
§ ﹔§⦸﹔
﹔§㉀§ ﹔§﹔﹔§㉀ § ﹔§⦸⦸﹔î§ՠ
§

ՠ뜘﹔§ö§
Test
items
for
speaking




Guess
it䞀



ĆÝ
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§㴴﹔﹔远§远㉀뜘﹔ 
§
§ 远§ 远ĺ

㰬 ՠ§远§Œ§Ūՠ
§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ蓨Œ§
nÝ
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§⦸ՠ远§ՠ§㉀蓨§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ远§ՠ
§
远軨⦸远§㉀§뜘뜘﹔§远㉀뜘﹔ 
§ՠ㉀軨ö§Ūՠ
§蓨㉀軨§軨﹔远远§
î§諀 ՠ§§ ﹔§㉀Œ§




Put
me
a
question

Ø 沤î§諀 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ

Ø 沤î§諀 ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§ ㉀뜘Œ

Ø 㰬 ﹔﹔§远§蓨㉀軨§軨
⦸ §㉀ Œ

Ø 沤î§㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔ ﹔§⦸㉀ ﹔﹔§㉀§﹔ՠŒ

Ø 㰬 蓨§
§蓨㉀軨§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀§ ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀§蓨﹔远﹔ՠ蓨Œ



Talk
about
the
picture

Say
what
happened
to
the
eagle?

nĖƧ
§
Answer
the
following

ĆÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ

nÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ ﹔远§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ

ĐÝ Ūՠ
§蓨㉀軨§﹔⦸﹔§ՠ§ 蓨뜘﹔Œ

ĖÝ ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§㉀
﹔§蓨㉀軨§ ㉀뜘﹔諀㉀㴴Œ

Add
lines

ĆÝ Caw
caw
says
the
crow

Bow
bow
says
the
dog

Quack
quack
says
the
duck

………………………………

Language
functions

ĆÝ ᴐ㉀軨§
﹔﹔§ՠ§﹔
ö§㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ远㴴§蓨㉀軨§ ﹔
§뜘ՠՠŒ§
nÝ ᴐ㉀軨§뜘﹔﹔§蓨㉀軨§ ﹔
§ՠ§
§ ﹔§軨远§远ՠ
ö§㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ蓨§㉀§ 뜘Œ§
ĐÝ ᴐ㉀軨§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀軨 §远㉀뜘﹔§ 軨远§ ㉀§蓨㉀軨ö§㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ蓨§㉀§ ﹔Œ§
§
Riddles

ĆÝ ⵔ§ՠ뜘§
㉀§ՠ§î§軨§ⵔ§⦸ՠ
§ 蓨§
§ ﹔§ՠî§ⵔ§ ՠ﹔§
㉀§諀
远§軨§ⵔ§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§㉀
§ՠö§㰬 ㉀§ՠ뜘§ⵔŒ§
nÝ ⵔ§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§ ՠ⦸﹔î§ⵔ§ ՠ﹔§諀㉀§ ՠ
远î§㉀
﹔§远§§ՠ
§ՠ
㉀ ﹔§远§远뜘ՠö§ⵔ§⦸ՠ
§﹔ՠî§諀 ㉀§ՠ뜘§ⵔŒ§
ĐÝ ⵔ§ ՠ﹔§﹔蓨﹔远§軨§⦸ՠ
§远﹔﹔ö§ⵔ§ ՠ﹔§远㴴
§軨§ⵔ§⦸ՠ
§ ﹔﹔ö§ⵔ§ՠ뜘§㉀諀
§㉀
§ ﹔§㉀軨远﹔§ՠ
§諀 ﹔§
㉀
§ ﹔§
远﹔ö§㰬 ㉀§ՠ뜘§ⵔŒ§
§
Answer
my
questions

ĆÝ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§远 ㉀﹔远Œ§

nÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§蓨㉀軨§
ՠ뜘﹔Œ§
ĐÝ Ű§蓨㉀軨§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀§ ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀§蓨﹔远﹔ՠ蓨Œ§
ĖÝ 㰬 ⦸ §⦸ՠ远远§ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§
Τ
ĜÝ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀§㉀§﹔뜘﹔§﹔﹔蓨§ՠ蓨Œ§
§
Test
Items
for
Reading

Missing
letters

ĆÝ Ş§ 軨﹔§
nÝ Ş§§§㴴§
ĐÝ Ş§远㉀
§
ĖÝ Ş
§뜘﹔ՠ§

nĖn§
§
Match
the
words
§

A
Ť§
ާՠ§
⦸㴴﹔远§
ާ远ՠ軨⦸﹔§ Ť軨﹔§
ާ⦸㉀
軨⦸㉀§ Ťՠ§
ާ﹔ՠ§ Ū軨§
ާ⦸㉀뜘§ 佨㉀§
§

Fill
in
the
blanks
§

ĆÝ 佨蓨§뜘㉀ ﹔§远§
§ ﹔§§×§㴴⦸ ﹔
§§远⦸㉀㉀﹔§§㉀㉀㴴ݧ
nÝ ՠ뜘軨§远§§ՠ§뜘ՠ
㉀ö§×ՠ蓨
§§﹔ՠ
§§ՠ
⦸
ݧ
ĐÝ ՠ§远§§ՠ§㉀㉀㴴ö§×远

§§﹔ՠ
§§諀ՠ㴴
ݧ
§

Missing
letters
–
Find
the
word

ĆÝ ⵔ§ ՠ﹔§ՠ§⦸§㉀ §⦸㉀ ﹔﹔ö

nÝ
﹔§远
§远 
﹔远§
§ ﹔§远㴴蓨ö

ĐÝ
§
§远§뜘㉀
§﹔蓨§ ՠ远蓨ö

ĖÝ ՠ뜘軨§諀﹔ՠ远§远 §远ö

Match
and
give
the
sentences

ĆÝ ⵔ§ՠ뜘§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ö§佨蓨§
ՠ뜘﹔§远§ö

nÝ ⵔ§⦸軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ
ö§ⵔ§ՠ뜘§ö

ĐÝ ⵔ§ՠ뜘§ՠ§ ﹔
ö§ⵔ§ՠ蓨§ö

Choose
the
correct
word

ĆÝ Ş§§远§ՠ§諀 ﹔§ՠ
뜘ՠö§× ՠ﹔î§㉀
î§﹔﹔ ՠ
î§뜘㉀
㴴﹔蓨Ý

nÝ ՠ 㴴ՠ§ՠ﹔§ §㉀§ՠ§§×⦸ î§뜘ՠ
î§諀㉀뜘ՠ
Ý

ĐÝ ՠ뜘軨§諀﹔远§ՠ§§×§ՠ㴴î§⦸ՠî§远諀
﹔î§⦸ՠÝ



Read
the
following
words

ĆÝ Ū㉀⦸㉀﹔§

nÝ ﹔㉀ՠ

ĐÝ Ŷ﹔ ՠ


ĖÝ ◤ՠ ﹔

ĜÝ 沤軨

nĖЧ
§
Jumbled
letters




Რ傈
Find
the
hidden
word


Ý 沤軨远﹔§
Ý Ű﹔§
Ý Ū㴴﹔⦸§



傈
Read
the
following
words


i傈 ާ㉀㉀远﹔

ii傈 ާ뜘ՠ⦸ 
﹔

iii傈 Ş
§ՠ㉀諀

ૼ傈
Read
the
following
sentence


i傈 沤 ՠ
§㴴﹔远§ՠ﹔远ö

ii傈 Űՠ§諀ՠ远§ՠ§﹔
§蓨﹔ՠ§㉀§㉀蓨ö

iii傈 ՠ뜘ՠ蓨蓨ՠ§远§ՠ§ՠ﹔
﹔ö




傈
Read
and
draw
the
picture


i傈 ާՠ﹔

ii傈 ާ㉀

iii傈 ާՠ﹔



傈
Read
the
sentence
and
draw
the
picture

i傈
ՠ 軨§远§⦸ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ§ՠö§

傈 Read
the
following
sentences


i傈 ާ㉀
§远§
§ՠ§⦸ՠ﹔ö

ii傈 ާ ﹔
§远§軨
﹔§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔ö

iii傈 ﹔§远§ՠ
§﹔

﹔﹔ö



皤傈
Read
the
newspaper





傈
See
the
picture
and
answer
the
questions

nĖĖ§
§
 ՠÝ ⵔ远§§ՠ蓨§뜘﹔§㉀§
 §뜘﹔Œ§
Ý Ş﹔§ ﹔﹔§ՠ
蓨§ՠ
뜘ՠ远Œ§㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨Œ§
⦸Ý 㰬 ﹔﹔§远§ ﹔§諀㉀뜘ՠ
§㉀
Œ§
Ý 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§諀㉀뜘ՠ
§⦸ՠ蓨
?



뜀傈 Read
the
puzzle
伸

Ť§ § § § § ӄ§
§ § 佨§
§ § § Ŷ§ ާ § § § §
§ 䇼§ § § § § ᴐ§ ާ §
§ ⵔ§ 沤§ § § ӄ§ §
§ §

Use
the
letters
in
the
puzzle
to
give
five
words

Bucket…

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

Read
the
sentences
and
draw
the
picture

﹔﹔§远§ՠ§뜘㉀㉀
§
§ ﹔§远㴴蓨ö§佨ՠ
蓨§远ՠ远§ՠ﹔ՠ§
§ ﹔§远㴴蓨ö§

nĖĜ§
§
Test
items
for
Writing

ĆÝ
㰬﹔§ ﹔§諀㉀远§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§

§
§

Რ傈 _______________________________________________


傈 ________________________________________________

ૼ傈
________________________________________________


傈
________________________________________________

傈
________________________________________________




傈
Use
the
following
words
to
write
a
sentence

ĆÝ 佨㉀
㴴﹔蓨î§﹔﹔§
Ćö§§
nÝ ⵔî§ՠ뜘§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§nö§§
ĐÝ
远î§ՠ﹔§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Đ

_________________________________________

ૼ傈

Write
two
sentences
about
you

ĆÝ ____________________________________________________________________

nÝ ____________________________________________________________________

傈

Write
three
sentences
about
your
school

ĆÝ ___________________________________________________________________

nÝ ___________________________________________________________________

ĐÝ ___________________________________________________________________

nĖĢ§
§
傈
Complete
the
sentences

ĆÝ ⵔ§㴴﹔§ö

nÝ ﹔§㉀﹔远§
㉀§ö

ĐÝ ⵔ§ՠ뜘§
㉀§ö


傈
Read
the
following
text
and
answer
the
questions
below

§
远§远§ՠ§ՠ﹔
ö§ՠ뜘ՠ蓨蓨ՠ§远§ՠ§ՠ﹔
﹔ö§﹔§远§諀ՠ﹔
§ ﹔§ՠ
远ö§
﹔﹔§远§ՠ§远諀
§
軨
﹔§ՠ§﹔﹔ö§沤軨
 ՠ§远§㉀
§ ﹔§远諀
ö§

ĆÝ 㰬 ﹔﹔§远§沤軨
 ՠŒ§
nÝ 㰬 ㉀§远§ՠ뜘ՠ蓨蓨ՠŒ§
ĐÝ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§㉀
Œ§
§

WRITING

ՠݧ§㰬﹔§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ĺ§

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Ý §ӄ远﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§諀㉀远§ՠ
§諀﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ĺ§

远 î§㉀⦸㴴î§ՠ㉀î§⦸ ՠ㴴î§﹔﹔§




§

⦸ݧ§§㰬﹔§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ뜘蓨ĺ§

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

nĖĨ§
§
ݧ§§§㰬﹔§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§远⦸ ㉀㉀ĺ§

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

﹔ݧ§§§Ū㉀뜘﹔﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§ՠ㉀軨﹔ĺ§

Harini

﹔㉀î§諀 ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§㉀
Œ§

§ Bharaniĺ§§

§ Hariniĺ§㰬 ﹔
§諀§蓨㉀軨§⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ⦸㴴Œ§

§ Bharaniĺ§ՠ§Ĝ§⦸㉀⦸㴴ö§

§ Hariniĺ§§

§ Bharaniĺ§沤軨﹔î§ⵔ§諀§㉀
§諀 §蓨㉀軨§ՠ§ 뜘§ ﹔ՠ﹔ö§

§ ݧ§§§§ӄ远﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§諀㉀远§ՠ
§諀﹔§ՠ§ 蓨 뜘ĺ§

蓨î§ 蓨§㴴﹔§ՠ§§

§ 沤諀뜘î§远諀뜘§㴴﹔§ՠ§軨⦸㴴§

§ ՠ蓨î§ՠ蓨§㴴﹔§ՠ§§

§ §

§ §

ݧ§§§㰬﹔§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ㉀﹔§ՠ뜘﹔ĺ§

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

ݧ㰬﹔§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ远ĺ§

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

nĖĮ§
§
Look
at
the
pictures
and
answer
the
questions

ĆÝ
㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§ՠ
뜘ՠ远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§㉀㉀Œ

nÝ
㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§諀§ՠ
뜘ՠ远Œ

ĐÝ
㰬 ⦸ §远§ ﹔§﹔远§ՠ
뜘ՠŒ

ĖÝ
㰬 ⦸ §ՠ
뜘ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§ ﹔§뜘㉀远Œ

ĜÝ
㰬 蓨§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§Œ§


Use
the
following
clues
and
write
the
word

ĆÝ 沤 §﹔﹔远§§§軨뜘远§ ㉀뜘§㉀
﹔§﹔﹔§㉀§ՠ
㉀ ﹔ö

nÝ ㉀軨§﹔﹔远§§§远§ ﹔§㴴
§㉀ § ﹔§軨
﹔ö

ĐÝ 沤﹔﹔
§﹔﹔远§§§⦸ՠ﹔远§ ﹔ՠ蓨§軨ՠ﹔§㉀
§远§ՠ⦸㴴ö

§

nĖĴ§
§


Რ









CONCLUSION

Ş远§諀﹔§ ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
§
§ 远§軨
§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§远§ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ
§ՠ§
§﹔ՠ

§ՠ§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔ö§Ş远§
 ﹔§ŪŪŶ§ 远§ ՠ§㉀⦸﹔軨﹔§
﹔諀§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§  ﹔﹔§远 ㉀軨§﹔§ 远﹔⦸ՠ§㉀﹔
ՠ㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§諀㉀㴴
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔远﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远ö§ ⵔ
§ ՠ㉀
§ ㉀§ ﹔ ՠ뜘远§ ՠ
§ ՠ远远
뜘﹔
远î§ 軨远§
ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§
§ ﹔§⦸ՠ远远î§﹔﹔§㉀軨§諀㉀㴴î§ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ §⦸ ﹔
§
§⦸㉀ð⦸軨⦸軨ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔远§﹔⦸§
远 ㉀軨§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔§ 軨远﹔§ ՠ远§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ㉀㉀远ö§ ⵔ뜘ՠ
ՠ㉀
î§ ⦸﹔ՠ蓨î§ ՠ⦸ ﹔﹔뜘﹔
§ ﹔﹔远î§軨远ՠ﹔§ ㉀ §
⦸㉀
﹔
§ 㴴
㉀諀﹔﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远﹔§ 
远﹔ՠ§ ㉀ § ⦸㉀
﹔
§ ՠ远﹔§ ՠ
§ 뜘﹔뜘㉀蓨§ ՠ远﹔§ ﹔远远ö§
﹔远§
﹔뜘远§  ՠ§ ㉀뜘㉀﹔§  
㴴
§ ՠ
§ 远﹔ ð﹔ ﹔远远㉀
§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§ ﹔
§ ㉀§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
ö§ ⵔ§ 远§ ՠ諀ՠ蓨远§
﹔远ՠ﹔§㉀§﹔§ՠ﹔远§
远﹔ՠ§㉀ §ՠ
㴴远§ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴远ö§

ⵔ
§㉀﹔§㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§㉀﹔⦸﹔§㉀﹔
﹔î§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§远 ㉀軨§㉀§﹔蓨㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ ð
㉀㉀㴴远§ ՠ
§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀㉀㴴远§ 远軨⦸ § ՠ远§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ ㉀㉀㴴远î§ ㉀
ՠ§ ﹔ 远î§ ⦸㉀
ՠ﹔远î§ ﹔
⦸蓨⦸㉀﹔ՠ远î§
 ﹔﹔
§뜘ՠՠ
﹔远§﹔⦸ö§Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
î§ՠ远§ ﹔§㉀远㉀
§ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔⦸﹔§ 远 ㉀軨§ ﹔§  ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ 
§
﹔뜘远§㉀ §뜘﹔
ՠî§﹔뜘㉀㉀
ՠ§ՠ
§뜘㉀ՠ§﹔﹔㉀뜘﹔
ö§§ⵔ
§﹔ §﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ՠ
§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远§
远 ㉀軨§ ﹔
远軨﹔§  ﹔§ ㉀諀 § ㉀ § ⦸㉀
﹔î§ 远㉀⦸ՠî§ ՠ﹔远 ﹔⦸§ ՠ
§ 뜘㉀ՠ§ ՠ远﹔⦸远§ ㉀ § ՠ§ ⦸ 远§
﹔远㉀
ՠ蓨ö§

ᲠᲠ







ASSIGNMENT

ĆÝ ﹔ՠ﹔§ՠ§远§㉀ §﹔远§﹔뜘远§ ՠ§蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ

§軨远﹔§ ㉀§Ć§ՠ
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﹔远§﹔뜘ö§
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§ ㉀§Ūՠ远远ðĖö§
ĖÝ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§ՠ⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§远ՠ
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
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§ 
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§  ﹔§ ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§
㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远§ՠ§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔﹔Œ§

Რ








PROJECT
WORK

ĆÝ 远§ ՠ§
﹔ՠ蓨§ 뜘ՠ蓨§ 沤⦸ ㉀㉀§ ՠ
§ ⦸㉀﹔⦸§ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远§ ㉀§ ㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ ՠ
§ 远軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§
ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
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§䜜軨﹔远㉀
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§Ėö§
ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ
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§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔远﹔⦸﹔§⦸ՠ远远﹔远§ ㉀§﹔远

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﹔ՠ蓨§뜘ՠ蓨§沤⦸ ㉀㉀§ՠ
§㉀远﹔﹔§ ﹔§㉀㉀远§ ՠ§ՠ﹔§﹔
§軨远﹔§
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§ 軨远﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔⦸㉀§  ﹔§
﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ § ﹔§远軨﹔
远§
§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
远ö§§
§
§

nĜĀ§
§
 BIBLIOGRAPHY§
ĆÝ ՠ㉀
ՠ§Ū軨⦸軨軨뜘§ՠ뜘﹔諀㉀㴴§§nĀĀĜ§
nÝ Ş
 ՠ§ՠ﹔远 §沤ՠ﹔§Ū軨⦸軨軨뜘§ՠ뜘﹔諀㉀㴴§§nĀĆƧ
ĐÝ ㉀远㉀
§ՠ﹔§㉀
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軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
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軨ՠ﹔§
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§§nĀĆƧ
ĖÝ ŤöŶ§佨﹔ ㉀远§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §§
﹔軨軨§Ş㴴ՠ﹔뜘§
ĜÝ ŰöŶö§佨﹔ ㉀远§㉀ §
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 §§
﹔軨軨§Ş㴴ՠ﹔뜘§
ĢÝ ﹔諀§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§佨㉀軨﹔§§Ŷ
远 §蓨§Ş沤ŪŶ
ö§
ĨÝ Ş§ 沤㉀軨⦸﹔§ Ť㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀§ ﹔ð沤﹔⦸﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ Ŷ軨⦸ՠ㉀
§ ㉀
§ Ūՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§
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﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§
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§㉀⦸﹔軨﹔远ö§
ĮÝ
﹔ՠ⦸ 
§Ŷ
远 § ㉀軨 §Ŷ
远 §§Ş§⦸㉀軨远﹔§
§Ūՠ远远㉀㉀뜘§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ՠ
§
﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔远ö§

ãããããããããã㧧

§

nĜƧ
§
§

APPENDIX – 1
§

nĜn§
§
 APPENDIX伸Რ

EXAMPLES
OF
UNIT
PLAN


PERIOD
PLANS


Model
Unit
Plan
for
Unit伸Რ

‘Flamingo
Festival’
of
Class伸

_____________________________________________________________________________

UNIT
PLAN










































CLASS
–
V






















UNIT
伸Რ


Flemingo
Festival

Unit
Objectives
伸

Ť蓨§ ﹔§﹔
§㉀ § ﹔§軨
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远§諀§﹔§ՠ﹔§湌ö§

Ø ㉀§远
§ՠ
§﹔
㉀蓨§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
Ø ㉀§﹔§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘
§諀㉀远î§ 蓨 뜘§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
Ø ㉀§﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§ ՠ远ՠ§﹔远§㴴﹔§諀ՠ㴴﹔§軨î§﹔§軨î§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀
î§远﹔§㉀ î§﹔§㉀﹔§§﹔⦸ö§
Ø ㉀§﹔§ ﹔§远㉀軨
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Ø ㉀§ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ ㉀諀§ՠ§ ﹔远ՠ§远§⦸﹔﹔ՠ﹔§
Ø
ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ 
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⦸ö§
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§
Ø ﹔§远﹔
远﹔§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ軨蓨§㉀ §
ՠ軨﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔§﹔﹔ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ §㉀㉀§ ՠ远ö§
Ø ㉀§﹔ՠ§⦸⦸ՠ蓨§ ﹔§﹔
§﹔ՠ
§ՠ远远ՠ﹔ö§
Ø
Ø
远﹔
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§﹔远㉀
§㉀§ö§
㉀§㉀§ ﹔§諀
§ՠ远㴴远ö§
Ø ㉀§㉀§ ﹔§⦸㉀
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§

Period
Topic
Process
Material
Strategies

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﹔ՠ⦸㉀
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㰬ՠ뜘§§軨§
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
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ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ § ՠ뜘ՠ§㉀﹔⦸远§
§Ŷ
远 ö§
v
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ՠ
§ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§諀 § ﹔§諀㉀远ö§§
v
㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀§远ՠ蓨§諀㉀远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔ö§
v
㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§

ü 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

ö§§
Academic
Standards
targeted

ü ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
ö§
v Ū﹔ՠ﹔§Ŷ ﹔远远㉀
ö§§§§§§§

Ø ⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§﹔

§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
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ૼ§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§Ĝ§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴ö§
Teaching
Learning
Material


§

Ø ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀远§buzzing, lie, tin蓨§

Ø 佨ՠ远㴴远§㉀ §ՠ
뜘ՠ远ú§远î§㰬㉀㴴§远 ﹔﹔远ú§ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§

nĜĮ§
§
 Ŷ ﹔⦸﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§
㉀⦸﹔远远§沤﹔§ ⵔ
远軨⦸㉀
远§ 軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远ö§
Ű远ՠ蓨
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ §
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§§
⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
远﹔﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ §§§§ððððððððððððð§
﹔
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§
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㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
§ §
远﹔﹔§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔§远§Œ§ ՠ§§§ՠ﹔
§
§ § §
﹔远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ 㰬 ՠ§﹔远㉀
远ú㉀﹔⦸远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔远§î ㉀远﹔î§㉀ՠ远î§
Ŷ⦸
§䇼﹔蓨ú﹔﹔ՠ
§
§ 远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§ ⦸㉀諀远ՠ§ ﹔
î§⦸ ⦸㴴远î§
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§§


㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§蓨㉀軨§ § 軨⦸㴴远î§ 远î§ ㉀諀﹔远î§
§
﹔远㉀
远﹔ö§ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀远﹔﹔§ ﹔﹔远î§远î§ՠ§㉀蓨î§
§ 
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§ 远ö§
远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§远§諀﹔
ö§ § 諀ՠ㴴
î§ 蓨
î§﹔ՠ
î§
§ 
㴴
î§远諀뜘뜘
ö§§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔
远ö§

﹔§⦸軨﹔§﹔﹔远﹔
远§

ՠ軨﹔§
§ What time, do you think, is it? §ⵔ§远§﹔﹔

§뜘﹔ö§§§
§ What animals do you see in
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§⦸㉀諀远î§ ㉀远﹔远î§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§
Ŷ⦸
§﹔ՠ远§ ㉀뜘§ the picture? 軨⦸㴴远î§㉀ՠ远î§ՠ§ ﹔
ö§§
§
 ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§ Where is the elephant?
﹔§⦸㉀諀远§ՠ﹔§ՠ
§
﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
§ What is the elephant doing? ՠ远远ö§


㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§뜘﹔ö§
§ Where is the bear?
﹔§远§ՠ﹔§㉀
§ՠ§﹔﹔ö§§
§
§ What is the bear doing?
﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ﹔§
ᴐ㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§﹔远㉀
§
§§§뜘㉀ ﹔§
§ Where is the hippo? ﹔
㉀蓨
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ軨蓨§㉀ §
㉀
軨﹔§ՠ远㉀ö§
§ What is the hippo doing?  ﹔§
ՠ軨﹔ö§
§
§ Where is the boy?
﹔§軨⦸㴴远§ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§
§ What is the boy doing?§ ㉀
ö§

﹔§軨⦸㴴远§ՠ﹔§
远諀뜘뜘
§
§ ﹔§㉀
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§ § §
﹔远﹔
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§㉀ § ﹔§ Ū ﹔
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㉀﹔뜘ö§ § ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远ՠ
ՠ远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔Œ§ 㰬ՠ㴴﹔§軨§
§ ◤㉀§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§
﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§
§
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§远ՠ
ՠ远ö§
§ § ﹔ՠ⦸ §远ՠ
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﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远 §
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 蓨§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘
§  蓨뜘
§諀㉀远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔远ð﹔﹔远§

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§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§  ﹔﹔Œ§ ﹔ð ﹔ՠ§
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§ 㰬 ՠ§諀㉀§ 蓨뜘﹔远§ ㉀軨ðՠ㉀軨§
蓨㉀軨§㉀諀
ö§ 諀 § ﹔§諀㉀§远 ﹔﹔Œ§ 远 ﹔﹔ð⦸ ﹔﹔§
§

nĜĴ§
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Ş远远﹔远远뜘﹔
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§諀㉀远ö§
﹔Œ§
Ū ﹔
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§
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远§뜘ՠ﹔§蓨§ ﹔뜘§
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Ū ﹔
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뜘ՠ远§ՠ
§
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뜘ՠ远§ՠ
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﹔î§﹔ՠ§§㉀軨î§远ՠ蓨§諀 ՠ§ ﹔⦸㉀
Τ
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§ՠ远㴴§n§
远㉀軨
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ՠ
뜘ՠ§㉀§§ՠ
§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§远㉀軨
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§
Ū ﹔
î§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§㉀远﹔﹔§ 㰬 ՠ§㉀﹔远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§﹔⦸Œ§ §
ՠ
뜘ՠ远î§远î§⦸﹔ՠ軨﹔远î§ §
ՠ
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§ ﹔§
§§§
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⦸﹔§뜘ՠ
§
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﹔远§﹔﹔㉀§⦸㉀
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§㉀ § ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§

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﹔§ ﹔§ 蓨뜘﹔ö§ ㉀諀§諀§諀﹔§远ՠŒ§ §
Ş﹔뜘
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﹔§ ㉀§ ᴐ㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ﹔뜘§
§㉀軨远§㉀§ 㰬 ㉀§諀§远
§ 远Œ§ 㰬ՠ㴴﹔§軨­§§
 ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ 
軨ՠ蓨ö§ §
§
§
㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远㴴§ Ū ﹔
î§ՠ諀§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀ § ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ ðððððððððððððððð§
ՠ
蓨§Đ§ՠ
뜘ՠ远ú§远î§⦸㉀軨㉀軨§
ՠ
§諀﹔§ՠ§ ﹔諀§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§
ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔뜘ö§
§

Teacher’s
reflections

沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴§ Ū ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§﹔⦸㉀﹔§
ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§§
沤軨﹔
远§
軨ՠ§ ◤㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远§ §
㉀軨⦸远§ §
§
§
§

Note
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ
§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ
§㉀
§ՠ
蓨§㉀ ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§ՠ远㉀ö§﹔ú远 ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ
§
뜘㉀﹔§ՠ远㴴远§ ㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
ö§

nĢĀ§
§
 PERIOD
PLAN伸

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
§
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沤軨﹔⦸ĺ§Ŷ
远 § § § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Űՠ﹔ĺ§

ӄ
§㉀ú
﹔


Flamingo
Festival
































































㉀ö§㉀
§㉀ĺ§

ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远ĺ§Rhyme
伸
Wake
Up





§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§﹔远﹔
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v
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⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
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§㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴ö§
Objectives

v
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⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§ 
㴴§⦸﹔ՠ﹔蓨ö§§
v
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔﹔蓨ö§
v
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⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀軨§諀 § ﹔§﹔⦸﹔㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
v
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远§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
蓨ö§§
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 蓨§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ § ՠ뜘ՠ§㉀﹔⦸远§
§Ŷ
远 ö§
v
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v
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⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§㉀§远ՠ蓨§諀㉀远§﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘﹔ö§
v
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⦸﹔§뜘ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸㉀
⦸﹔§
ՠ軨﹔§

ü 远﹔

§ՠ
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
ö§§
Academic
Standards
targeted

ü ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
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ö§
v Ū﹔ՠ﹔§Ŷ ﹔远远㉀
ö§§§§§§§

Ø ⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§﹔

§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
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ૼ§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴ö§
Teaching
Learning
Material


§

Ø ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§
Ø 㰬㉀㴴§远 ﹔﹔远ú§ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§

nĢƧ
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远軨⦸㉀
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远﹔远ö§
Ű远ՠ蓨
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ §
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§§
⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
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﹔§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§ §
ՠ軨㉀§
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㉀﹔뜘§ § § §
﹔远§远﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§ ﹔§軨
﹔Œ§ §
§ § §
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§軨
﹔ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀§諀 § ﹔§軨
﹔Œ§ ððððððððððððððððððð§
§
Ū㉀뜘ՠ﹔§ ﹔§軨
﹔§⦸㉀뜘㉀远﹔§蓨§
蓨㉀軨ö§
§ Ū ﹔
î§﹔远§远
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§ ㉀諀§远§ ﹔§軨
﹔Œ§ §
§ ﹔远§远
§
§⦸ ㉀軨远§ 远ö§ § §
§ § Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§Œ§ §
﹔⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ § § §
㉀﹔뜘§蓨§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ﹔远§远
§
§㉀軨远ö§ 沤 ՠ§諀﹔§﹔ 
﹔§Œ§ §
ՠ
§ ﹔§远軨﹔
远ö§ § § §§§ððððððððððððððððð§
§ ﹔远§远
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ 㰬 ⦸ §㉀軨§諀§远
§ 远Œ§ §
§ 
軨ՠ蓨ö§ 㰬 ㉀§諀§远
§ 远Œ§ §
§ § § §
㰬 ՠ§﹔ 
﹔뜘﹔
§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ §

· 㰬 ㉀î§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴î§远§
远軨﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§㉀軨Œ§

﹔§㉀﹔§

· 㰬 ՠ§远§ՠ㴴
§ՠ㉀軨§
ՠ㴴
§
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘Œ§ §
◤﹔
§﹔ՠ蓨§뜘㉀

§

· 㰬 ㉀§ՠ﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔§㉀§諀ՠ㴴﹔§

§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘Œ§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔§
§
軨§﹔ՠ蓨§
§ ﹔§
﹔§⦸ ﹔
§§
§
· ㉀諀§远§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§
뜘㉀

Œ§

﹔§ՠ蓨§远§㉀﹔蓨§
§
· 㰬 ㉀§ՠ﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔§
ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§㉀﹔Œ§
Ū ﹔
î§﹔远§ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§
﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔§㉀§
Ű远⦸軨远远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§
㉀﹔뜘ö§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔§ՠ
§ՠ蓨ö§
· 㰬 ՠ§ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§
㉀﹔뜘§ ㉀§ՠ蓨Œ§
﹔远§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§⦸⦸ՠ蓨ö§ §
§
· Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ蓨§
§ ﹔§
ՠ蓨Œ§
§
§
뜘㉀

Œ§ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§

﹔§﹔﹔§軨﹔远ö§
· ㉀諀§㉀﹔远§ՠ§﹔﹔§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§
﹔﹔§諀ՠ⦸ ﹔§远軨
远﹔Œ§
§
㉀§﹔
§軨§﹔ՠ蓨§
§
· 㰬 ՠ§远§
㉀§㉀㉀§
远㉀軨
Τ
 ﹔§뜘㉀

î§㉀§﹔§ՠ蓨ö§
§
ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§㉀﹔Œ§

nĢn§
§
 · ﹔﹔蓨㉀
﹔§远§軨§ՠ
§ §
ՠ㉀軨§ö§㰬 ՠ§㉀﹔远§ ﹔§ §
 ՠ远﹔§軨§ՠ
§ՠ㉀軨§ §
뜘﹔ՠ
Œ§ 佨㉀
§ ﹔﹔§ՠ
§ ﹔﹔ö§§
§
ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§
Ūՠ﹔㉀﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§諀㉀远§
﹔远§㉀§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔Œ§
軨
﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸§ ﹔ՠ
远§
﹔远§﹔
 蓨§ Ū ﹔
î§ ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§
远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
远ö§軨§ՠ§⦸㴴§뜘ՠ㴴§ ㉀§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔Œ§
 ﹔§远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
§諀 ⦸ §蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
远§ՠ﹔§
远§ՠ§㉀㉀§ ՠö§  ﹔﹔Œ§
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ远㴴§ Ū ﹔
î§﹔远§﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§ 㰬 ՠ§远§ՠ
§ՠ﹔⦸﹔Œ§
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§
ՠ﹔⦸﹔远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§ՠ﹔⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§

§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘Œ§
ՠ


§ Ū ﹔
î§﹔远§﹔
ՠ⦸§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§ 㰬 ㉀§諀§ՠ⦸§ՠ远§ՠ
뜘ՠ远Œ§ Ū ﹔
§諀 § ﹔§뜘ՠ远㴴远§
⦸ ㉀﹔㉀ՠ 蓨§ ﹔远§ՠ⦸§ՠ远§ՠ
뜘ՠ远î§远î§ 㰬 ㉀§諀§ՠ⦸§ՠ远§远Œ§ ㉀ §ՠ
뜘ՠ远§ՠ
§远ö§
⦸ ﹔
î§﹔﹔远§﹔⦸ö§ 㰬 ㉀§諀§ՠ⦸§ՠ远§⦸ ﹔
Œ§ 沤㉀뜘﹔§⦸ ﹔
§ՠ⦸
§㴴﹔§
㰬 ﹔﹔§远§ ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ㉀
Œ§ ﹔﹔远§
㰬 ㉀§諀§﹔§ ﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸ ㉀§ §
㉀軨Œ§
㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ 远§远⦸﹔
﹔Œ§
㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§
﹔ §远⦸﹔
﹔Œ§
§

ՠ远㴴§ ㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
远ö§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔§
㰬﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔§◤§ §§远 ㉀諀远§
﹔
Τ
㉀㉀§ ՠî§㉀§諀﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔§Ť§
 §§远§
㉀§ՠ§㉀㉀§ ՠ§
§ ﹔§
ՠ⦸㴴﹔远ö§
㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远㴴§
ՠ㴴§㉀§ՠ
蓨§Đ§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§ ﹔
远ö§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔§
㉀﹔§㉀諀
§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔§㉀㉀§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ⦸ ﹔§諀 §
ՠ远§ ﹔蓨§㉀远﹔﹔§ 蓨㉀軨远Œ§
§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§

Student
Teacher’s
reflections

沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴§ Ū ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§﹔⦸㉀﹔§
ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§§
沤軨﹔
远§
軨ՠ§ ◤㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远§ §
㉀軨⦸远§ §
§
§
§

Note
§§§
﹔§远軨﹔
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§ՠ
§远㉀뜘﹔§뜘㉀﹔§ՠ远㴴远ö§﹔§ú§远 ﹔§뜘ՠ蓨§軨远﹔§ՠ
蓨§﹔⦸
䜜軨﹔§㉀ ﹔§
 ՠ
§䜜軨﹔远㉀

§㉀§远⦸軨远远§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§

nĢЧ
§
 PERIOD
PLAN伸ૼ

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§㉀ĺ§

沤⦸ ㉀㉀ĺ§ § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ūՠ远远ĺ§Ĝ §§

沤軨﹔⦸ĺ§Ŷ
远 § § § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Űՠ﹔ĺ§

ӄ
§㉀ú
﹔ĺ§ՠ뜘
㉀§﹔远ՠ§ð㰬ՠ㴴﹔§軨§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§
ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远ĺ§⦸軨﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§

㉀ö§㉀
§㉀姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§﹔远﹔
姧§§§§§§§

v
㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§諀 ㉀§ՠ﹔§﹔軨⦸ՠ
§㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴ö§
﹔⦸﹔远姧§§

v
㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§ 
㴴§⦸﹔ՠ﹔蓨ö§§
v
㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§
§㉀軨远ö§
v
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔﹔蓨ö§
v
㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀軨§諀 § ﹔§﹔⦸﹔㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§远﹔
§㉀§远뜘﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
远§ՠ
§﹔远㉀
远§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
蓨ö§§
v
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ՠ
§ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§諀 § ﹔§諀㉀远ö§§
v
㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v
㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§⦸﹔ՠ﹔§﹔ ﹔远远﹔§ՠ﹔远ö§
Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§沤ՠ
ՠ远§ՠ﹔﹔ĺ§
v 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

ö§
v ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v Ū﹔ՠ﹔§Ŷ ﹔远远㉀
§

﹔ՠ⦸ 
§﹔ՠ

§佨ՠ﹔ՠ姧
Ø ⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀öĜ§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴ö§
Ø ՠ远 §⦸ՠ远§㉀ §ՠ§ 远 î§ՠ§ՠ㴴﹔î§ՠ§ö§
Ø
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ远㴴§諀﹔
§㉀
§ՠ§⦸ ՠö§
Ø ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远î§ՠ ՠ﹔§⦸ ՠö§
§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§

Ŷ ﹔⦸﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§
㉀⦸﹔远远§沤﹔§ ⵔ
远軨⦸㉀
远§ 軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远ö§
沤

§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ Ū ﹔
î§﹔远§远
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ 㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§ՠ
§㉀軨§
㰬ՠ㴴﹔§軨­§ ՠ㉀﹔ ﹔§ՠ
§
§㉀軨远ö§ 㰬 ⦸ §㉀軨§諀§远
§ 远Œ§ ﹔⦸ՠ㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§

nĢĖ§
§
Ű远ՠ蓨
§ ﹔§ §
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§§ ⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§ ㉀§ ﹔§
⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
远﹔﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ ⦸軨﹔§﹔
§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀§
⦸軨﹔§﹔
§㉀
§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§远﹔Œ§
ö§ Ĝ§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§
ՠ﹔ö
㉀öĜ§ §
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
§
㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔§远§Œ§
远﹔﹔§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§
§
§
㰬 ՠ§ 
远ú﹔远㉀
远ú§ú㉀﹔⦸远§ ㉀軨
远§ĺ§ՠ§ՠ㴴﹔î§远î§
Ŷ⦸
§䇼﹔蓨ú﹔﹔ՠ
§ ﹔远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§ 远 ﹔远§
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§§ §
§ Ş⦸㉀
§諀㉀远ĺ§远ՠ

î§
§

㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§蓨㉀軨§
㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀远﹔﹔§ ﹔ՠ
î§㉀㉀㴴
ö§
﹔远㉀
远﹔ö§

§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
§
§
远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ⵔ﹔§諀﹔
ö§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔
远ö§
§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ What place is it? §ՠ§ՠ㴴﹔§
§
§ What do you see in the 远§§
Ŷ⦸
§﹔ՠ远§ ㉀뜘§
﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ picture? §
 ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§


㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§뜘﹔ö§ Where are the birds? 
§ ﹔§ՠ㴴﹔§
§
§ Why are the birds in the lake? ㉀§⦸ՠ⦸ § 远 §
§
ᴐ㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§﹔远㉀
§
§§§뜘㉀ ﹔§ How are their legs and necks? §㉀
§﹔远§ՠ
§㉀
§
﹔⦸㴴§
§
㉀
軨﹔§ՠ远㉀ö§ § §
§
ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔﹔§远﹔﹔
§ՠ§ՠ㴴﹔Œ§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§
㰬 ՠ§蓨﹔§㉀ §ՠ⦸﹔远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§
§
㴴﹔Œ§
﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔﹔§远﹔﹔
§远軨⦸ §蓨﹔§
§
ⵔ
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ㉀ §远Œ§
ᴐ㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ远㉀§﹔远㉀
§
§
 ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴§ ﹔§远§
뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔ö§
ՠ﹔Œ§
§
㰬 ﹔﹔§㉀§远§﹔Œ§
§
ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔﹔§远﹔﹔
§远§
§
蓨
§
§㉀軨远Œ§
ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ 㰬﹔§ՠ§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔§
Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔Œ§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§
Ş远远

§ՠ§远⦸㉀軨远﹔§ ﹔远§ՠ﹔뜘§ ﹔§﹔远⦸㉀
§
§ ⦸軨﹔ö§
ՠ远㴴§ ㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
§ §
§
Ū ﹔
î§﹔远§ՠ㴴§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ 㰬 ㉀§諀§远ՠ蓨§ 远Œ§
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§远ö§
⦸軨﹔ö§
﹔§﹔远§ՠ
§
﹔⦸㴴§ՠ﹔§
沤ՠ蓨§㉀
﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ§ՠ§뜘﹔ö§ ㉀
ö§
㰬 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远§
沤ՠ蓨§㉀
﹔§ՠ ﹔§ՠ
㉀ ﹔ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
§﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨ö§

﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀§﹔⦸§
Ş远㴴§뜘﹔§ §蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§
 ﹔§ՠ远㴴§
﹔ö§
沤ՠ蓨§﹔﹔
§
§뜘㉀ ﹔§㉀
軨﹔ö§
§

nĢĜ§
§
 ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ Ø ⵔ§远§ՠ§ՠ㴴﹔ö§
諀﹔
Œ§ Ø
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§
㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ 远§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§
§ 远ö§§
뜘蓨§﹔远㉀
Œ§ Ø
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
§⦸㴴§﹔§
Ū ﹔
î§ ﹔﹔§諀 §ⵔ§远ՠ蓨§
§ ⦸㉀㉀軨ö§
Ø
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠ㴴﹔§
Ű远ՠ蓨
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ 뜘蓨§﹔远㉀
ö§
﹔远㉀
§ ◤㉀§ ㉀軨 §ö§
㉀§⦸ՠ⦸ § 远 ö§
Ø
諀㉀§远§ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
§
﹔ՠ§远﹔
蓨ö§
远 ö§
Ø
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§ ՠ蓨ö§
Ø
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§远ՠ ﹔ö§
㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ §
ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔Œ§
Ū ﹔
î§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§
㉀
§㉀諀
§蓨§ ﹔§ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ 远§
ՠ
§
㉀﹔§ ﹔뜘§
§蓨㉀軨§
㉀﹔§
⦸ ﹔
§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔Œ§
㉀㉀㴴远ö§
㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ՠ远§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔Œ§
§ Şՠ
﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§
§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§
§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§
§ ㉀﹔ö§
§ §
Ū ﹔
î§ ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§
㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§
﹔§远§ ՠ﹔§㉀
§
﹔⦸㴴§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
§
ՠ远㴴§ ㉀§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§ ՠ﹔§﹔
Œ§ ՠ
§﹔远ö§
Şՠ
﹔§ ﹔뜘§
§ՠ§뜘﹔ՠ

 軨§
ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
§ՠ§ՠ㴴﹔ö§
㉀﹔ö§

諀㉀§远§ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ 远 ö§

﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
§﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨§

﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§远öö§
§
Ū㉀﹔⦸§⦸軨﹔远§㉀ §ՠ
蓨§Đ§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔§
㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远㴴§Ć§ ՠ
뜘ՠ远ú远§ՠ
§﹔远⦸﹔§
 ﹔뜘§
§蓨㉀軨§㉀諀
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远ö§
Ū㉀﹔⦸§ՠ
蓨§⦸軨﹔§㉀ §
ՠ軨﹔§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ⦸軨﹔§㉀ §
ՠ軨﹔§
㉀뜘§ՠ
蓨§뜘ՠՠ
﹔§ՠ
§諀﹔§ ﹔Œ§
㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远㴴§n§
 ﹔§諀㉀远§ՠ
§﹔ՠ远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§
⦸軨﹔ö§

Teacher’s
reflection

沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴§ Ū ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§
﹔⦸㉀﹔§
ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§§
沤軨﹔
远§
軨ՠ§㉀軨⦸远§ ◤㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §

nĢĢ§
§
 PERIOD
PLAN伸

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§㉀ĺ§
沤⦸ ㉀㉀ĺ§ § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ūՠ远远姧
沤軨﹔⦸ĺ§Ŷ
远 § § § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Űՠ﹔ĺ§
ӄ
§㉀ú
﹔ĺ§Flamingo
festival
paragraph
Რ§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§㉀
§㉀ĺ§

ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远ĺ§﹔ՠ
§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§﹔远﹔
姧§§§§

v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§
軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
§㉀軨远ö§
Objectives

v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§軨远﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨§㉀§軨﹔远远§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

远§㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀远§
§ ﹔§﹔ ö§§
v
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔﹔蓨ö§
v
㉀§﹔远㉀
§㉀§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔

§ ﹔§﹔ ö§
v
㉀§﹔ ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ö§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔﹔㉀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ
ö§
v
㉀§﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸軨ՠ㉀
§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㴴﹔§⦸ î§㉀⦸﹔î§㉀
﹔§﹔⦸§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§㉀軨§﹔ՠ
§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§远﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§㉀ § ﹔§远㉀蓨§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ö§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨§諀 §㉀﹔§㉀
﹔§ՠՠ㉀
î§㉀⦸﹔§뜘㉀軨ՠ㉀
ö§§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§远﹔
远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
ö§
v §
㉀§﹔ ﹔⦸§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§﹔ՠö§§
v
㉀§ՠ
ՠ蓨﹔§ ﹔§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§﹔
§ՠ
§
㴴§§諀 § ﹔§﹔远㉀
ՠ§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§
v
㉀§﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀諀
§﹔ 远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔
§﹔ ö§
Academic
Standards
targeted

v 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

ö§

v ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
ö§§§
Teaching
Learning
material


⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀ö§Ģ§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§§Ŷ
远 §﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§
§
◤㉀远远ՠ蓨§⦸ ՠ§諀 § ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§諀㉀远§jubilant, joyful, bird sanctuary, protect, comfortable,
breed, reply, keen, watch.
§
㰬㉀㴴§远 ﹔﹔远úՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远§

nĢĨ§
§
 Ŷ ﹔⦸﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§
㉀⦸﹔远远§沤﹔§ ⵔ
远軨⦸㉀
远§ 軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远ú§㉀ՠ§諀㉀㴴§
Singing
of
the
poem

Ū ﹔
î§﹔远§远
§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘§ 㰬 ㉀§諀§⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀諀ՠ§㉀§ՠ⦸§
‘wake
up’
with
㰬ՠ㴴﹔§軨§㉀﹔뜘§
㰬ՠ㴴﹔§軨§諀 §ՠ⦸㉀
ö§ ㉀軨§ ﹔§㉀﹔뜘ö§
action

Displaying
the
§
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§§
Picture
chart
of
the
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
远﹔﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ §§§§§§§§ðððððððððð§
picture
given
on
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§远﹔Œ§
ö§
page
no


§
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
§
㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔§远§Œ§
远﹔﹔§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§
§
§ A room, a boy, a girl,
㰬 ՠ§﹔远㉀
远ú 
远ú§
Eliciting
﹔远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ door post, door
﹔⦸远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§
Key䔜relevant
§ curtain, a bag,
⦸軨﹔Œ§
vocabulary
§

㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§蓨㉀軨§ bangles, slippers…
§
§ ﹔远㉀
远﹔ö§
㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀远﹔﹔§
§ Standing, talking

§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ⵔ﹔§諀﹔
ö§
§
§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔
远ö§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§
There is a boy and a
§ §
girl.
§ ﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ Who are there in the picture?
Eliciting
ideas
from


㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§뜘﹔ö§ Where are they?
They are in a room.
the
pictureö§ § What are they doing?
§ ᴐ㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§﹔远㉀
§
§§§뜘㉀ ﹔§ §
They are talking to
§ ㉀
軨﹔§ՠ远㉀ö§
each other.§
§
Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴
㉀諀§諀 ㉀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨Œ§


§ ⵔ§諀ՠ远§沤ՠ軨ՠ蓨§
﹔远§﹔远㉀
§㉀§ՠ§ ﹔諀§

Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴
㉀諀§諀 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ ﹔﹔

湌öö諀ՠ⦸ § ﹔§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
Linking
the
ideas
ՠ㴴
§ՠ㉀軨Œ§ 远ö§
﹔远§㉀§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§ 远§
with
the
reading
text
§

ՠՠՠ §㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§⦸ՠ§
and
specifying
the
Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ
§㉀§㴴
㉀諀§諀 ㉀§ՠ﹔§

ՠ뜘
㉀§﹔远ՠ§
reading
portion

 ﹔蓨§ՠ
§諀 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ՠ㴴
§







ՠ㉀軨Œ§
§ Ū ﹔
§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§㉀㉀
§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§ Რ

§ 远﹔
蓨ö§  ﹔﹔Œ§ Sumathi
and
Ravi

§ Ű㉀
§諀㉀蓨§ §蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§
㉀§ՠ﹔§ 㰬 ՠ§⦸ ՠՠ⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔Œ§


Individual

reading
㉀§﹔ՠ§ՠ
§軨
﹔远ՠ
§ ﹔§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§ՠ㉀軨﹔远§ՠ﹔§ ‘’Sister䞀
You
are
very

by
the
children
諀 ㉀﹔§﹔ ö§  ﹔﹔Œ§ joyful

What
are
you


蓨§㉀§軨﹔远远§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

§㉀ § 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ 远§ՠ㉀軨﹔Œ§ good
up
to?’’

 ﹔§軨
ՠ뜘ՠ§諀㉀远ö§ 㰬 ㉀§軨﹔﹔§ ﹔§ 远§

﹔ՠ远﹔§㉀§
㉀§⦸㉀
远軨§ՠ
蓨§㉀
﹔§ ՠ㉀軨﹔Œ§ Ravi


ՠ§ 远§㉀
ö§§
Display
of

glossary
Ū ﹔
î§뜘﹔ՠ

远§ ㉀§⦸﹔ՠ
§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨§远軨 ⦸﹔
Œ§ Ƨ軨ՠ
ĺ§ ﹔﹔§ ՠ蓨§
諀㉀远§ՠ﹔§﹔
§ ﹔﹔ö§ 沤 ՠ§ⵔ§
⦸﹔ՠ远﹔§ ﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨Œ§ nö§§㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§軨§㉀Œ§
ӄ远﹔§ ﹔뜘§ §
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨ö§ ĺ§㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§
 
㴴
§㉀ §㉀
Œ§
Đö§㉀﹔⦸ĺ§远ՠ﹔§

nĢĮ§
§
 Ėö§﹔﹔
ĺ§ ﹔§
㉀⦸﹔远远§㉀ § ՠ
§
蓨㉀軨
§㉀
﹔远ö§
§ § 㰬 ՠ§远﹔ՠ远㉀
§远§Œ§ §
§ Ū ﹔
î §ⵔ §諀 §ՠ远㴴 §蓨㉀軨 §ՠ § ﹔諀 § 㰬 ՠ§뜘㉀
 §§뜘 §﹔Œ§
Checking
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ 㰬 ㉀§远§
ՠՠ
§ ﹔§远㉀蓨Œ§
comprehension

§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ 远§  ﹔§ 远⦸﹔
﹔§ ՠ㴴
§
§ ﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ ՠ⦸﹔Œ§
§ 㰬 蓨§諀ՠ远§沤軨뜘ՠ §軨ՠ
Τ
ᴐ㉀軨§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔远㉀
远﹔§
§ 㰬 ㉀§ 远§ ﹔﹔î§ 沤軨뜘ՠ § ㉀§
ՠ§ 諀㉀î§ ՠ§  ՠ远﹔ú㉀§ 
§ ՠ§ ՠŒ§㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ蓨Œ§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔ö§ 㰬 ՠ§远§ՠ§§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§
㰬 ﹔﹔§远§ ﹔§§沤ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§

§諀 ՠ§ՠ蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§远﹔§
 ﹔§§§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§
§
§
§ Ū ﹔
§远§
§㉀軨远ö§ 㰬 ՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§远 ㉀諀远§ ՠ§§远§
§
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ 諀
﹔Œ§ 㰬﹔§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀§远§
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§㉀
蓨§㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ§ՠ§ՠ§뜘﹔ö§ 㰬 ՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§﹔远§ ﹔§﹔ՠ§ ﹔ՠՠ軨§§
Collaborative
Ū㉀

軨﹔§远 ՠ
§§蓨㉀軨§  ՠ§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀§ՠ§⦸
⦸§ 远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨§㉀뜘㉀㉀諀­§
reading
by
the
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ ㉀
§沤軨
ՠ蓨Œ§㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ蓨Œ§ Ť﹔⦸ՠ軨远﹔§ ﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
children
㰬 ՠ§㉀§远§㉀§
§ՠ§ ՠ㴴
§㉀
§远ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§
Scaffold
reading
Ū ﹔
î§沤㉀뜘﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§諀§ What season do you like §
﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔ö§ most? Why?


㴴§ՠ
§﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§ How do we get news?
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ Say a news headlines.
§ Have you ever visited a bird
§ sanctuary?
§ Is there any important tourist
§ place near your village?
§ What important place(s) have
§ you visited?
§ Have you ever gone to field
§ trip?
§
§
§ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
§㉀軨远§
§ ㉀軨远§ՠ⦸﹔§
﹔ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§
§ ㉀뜘﹔Œ§
§ 㰬 ՠ§㉀
﹔远§远ՠ
⦸﹔§ ՠ§
§ 蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§﹔﹔§ՠ﹔﹔Œ§
§ 㰬 ⦸ §ՠ⦸﹔§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§
§ 뜘㉀远Œ§
§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ
蓨§﹔§Œ§

nĢĴ§
§
Presenting
the
audio
Ū ﹔
î§ ﹔﹔§諀 § ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§ ㉀諀§远§ ﹔§远﹔﹔Œ§ Audio
input
of
the

input
of
the
reading

軨§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§㉀㉀
§远§ § reading
portion


portion
﹔远﹔
﹔ö§ ⵔ远§§ՠ軨﹔Œ§
远﹔
§㉀§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ §
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔﹔§ՠ
§ՠ軨远﹔î§
㉀
﹔§ՠՠ㉀
§﹔⦸ö§
§ § ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§뜘﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ Luckily
it
伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸
§ Ū ﹔
î§
㉀諀§ⵔ§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ § ՠ軨远﹔Œ§ 伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸and

§ ՠ㉀軨ö§§ § educative
too


§ 远﹔
§㉀§뜘﹔ö§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ՠ远﹔§뜘蓨§

§ 远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔﹔§ⵔ﹔§§§ՠ軨远﹔ö§ ㉀⦸﹔Œ§
§ 远﹔﹔§ ﹔§㉀
﹔î§⦸ §ՠ
§ §
Loud
reading
by
the
㉀⦸﹔ö§
teacher

Loud
reading
by
the
㉀諀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀§﹔ՠ§ 㰬 ⦸ §㉀軨§諀ՠ
远§㉀§﹔ՠ§ Luckily
it
伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸
children
ՠ㉀軨§
§蓨㉀軨§㉀軨远§ ՠ㉀軨§ ㉀§ ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远Œ§ 伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸伸and

Ŷՠ⦸ §㉀
﹔§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ㴴﹔§軨
§ § educative
too


ՠ
§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§ՠö§§ §
§
Task
for
assessment
Ű㉀§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§ާ﹔
§㉀
§ՠ﹔§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ Task
sheet䔜
text
book


ĆĖ§ 㰬 ՠ§远§㉀§﹔§㉀
﹔Œ§

Teacher’s
reflections

沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴§ Ū ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§
﹔⦸㉀﹔§
ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§§
沤軨﹔
远§
軨ՠ§㉀軨⦸远§ ◤㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§
§
§
§

㉀﹔ĺ§
㉀§⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
î§ §
§ ﹔§ՠ
㴴远§㉀§뜘軨﹔§⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§⦸ՠ
§ՠ远㉀§﹔§
ՠ

﹔ö§佨㉀﹔§
軨뜘﹔§㉀ §ՠ远㴴远§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ՠ

﹔ö§

nĨĀ§
§
 PERIOD
PLAN伸

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§㉀ĺ§
沤⦸ ㉀㉀ĺ§ § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ūՠ远远姧
沤軨﹔⦸ĺ§Ŷ
远 § § § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Űՠ﹔ĺ§
ӄ
§㉀ú
﹔ĺ§Flamingo
festival伸
paragraph伸
§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ ㉀ö§㉀
§㉀ĺ§

ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远ĺ§﹔ՠ
§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§﹔远﹔
姧§§§§§§§§§§

v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§
軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
§㉀軨远ö§
Objectives

v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§軨远﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨§㉀§軨﹔远远§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

远§㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀远§
§ ﹔§﹔ ö§§
v
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔﹔蓨ö§
v
㉀§﹔远㉀
§㉀§ՠ﹔蓨§㉀ §䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔

§ ﹔§﹔ ö§
v
㉀§﹔ ՠ㉀ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ö§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔﹔㉀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ
ö§
v
㉀§﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸軨ՠ㉀
§ ﹔ՠ軨﹔远§㴴﹔§⦸ î§㉀⦸﹔î§㉀
﹔§﹔⦸§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§㉀軨§﹔ՠ
§㉀ § ﹔§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔ö§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§远﹔
§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀§㉀ § ﹔§远㉀蓨§ՠ
§⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
§ö§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨§諀 §㉀﹔§㉀
﹔§ՠՠ㉀
î§㉀⦸﹔§뜘㉀軨ՠ㉀
ö§§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§远﹔
远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§﹔ՠ
§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀ՠ㉀ՠ㉀
ö§
v §
㉀§﹔ ﹔⦸§㉀
§ ﹔§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§﹔ՠö§§
v
㉀§ՠ
ՠ蓨﹔§ ﹔§
㉀뜘ՠ㉀
§﹔
§ՠ
§
㴴§§諀 § ﹔§﹔远㉀
ՠ§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔ö§
v
㉀§﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀諀
§﹔ 远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔
§﹔ ö§

v 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

ö§
Academic
Standards
targeted

v ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
ö§§§
Teaching
Learning
material


⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀öĨ§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§§Ŷ
远 §﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§
◤㉀远远ՠ蓨§⦸ ՠö§§
㰬㉀㴴§远 ﹔﹔远úՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远úՠ⦸蓨§远 ﹔﹔远ö§
ö§
§

nĨƧ
§
 Expected
children’s

Process
Step
Instructions
Questions
for
interaction

responses


Displaying
the
§
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§§
Picture
chart
of
the
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
远﹔﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ §§§§§§§§ðððððððððð§
picture
given
on
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§远﹔Œ§
ö§
page
no
皤
§
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
§
㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔§远§Œ§
远﹔﹔§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§
§
§
A
house

dining
table

a

㰬 ՠ§﹔远㉀
远ú 
远ú§
Eliciting
﹔远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ woman

a
man

a
boy

a

﹔⦸远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§
Key䔜relevant
§ girl

water
can

bags


⦸軨﹔Œ§
vocabulary
§

㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§蓨㉀軨§ utensils

bottle


food

§
§ ﹔远㉀
远﹔ö§ items

packing

placing


㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀远﹔﹔§
§ filling

etc



§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ⵔ﹔§諀﹔
ö§
§
§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔
远ö§
It’s
house



§ There
is
a
family


§ What place is it? They
are
getting
ready
to

远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§
Eliciting
ideas
from
Who do you think,are there in go
somewhere


§
the
pictureö§ the picture? They
are
busy
in

﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
§ What are they doing? packing




㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§뜘﹔ö§
§ Where is the boy? The
woman
is
packing

§
§ What is the man doing? food


ᴐ㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§﹔远㉀
§
§§§뜘㉀ ﹔§
§ What is the woman doing? The
children
are
packing

㉀
軨﹔§ՠ远㉀ö§
§ play
things





















§
§ § The
man
is
filling
water

§ can




Specifying
the
㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§

reading
portion

 ﹔﹔Œ§

㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ 远§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔Œ§
Linking
the
ideas
§ §
with
the
reading
Ū ﹔
î§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§远﹔⦸㉀
§ §
text

ՠՠՠ §㉀ § ﹔§远㉀蓨§

ՠ뜘
㉀§ ﹔远ՠö§§
Individual
reading§ §
§
§
§
Displaying
glossary
Ū ﹔
î§뜘﹔ՠ

远§ ㉀§⦸﹔ՠ
§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨§远軨 ⦸﹔
Œ§ §§§§§§§ððððððððð§
諀㉀远§ՠ﹔§﹔
§ ﹔﹔ö§ 沤 ՠ§ⵔ§
⦸﹔ՠ远﹔§ ﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨Œ§ §
ӄ远﹔§ ﹔뜘§ §
﹔⦸﹔远远ՠ蓨ö§
§ § § It
is

Sunday

§ Ū ﹔
î§ⵔ§諀§ՠ远㴴§蓨㉀軨§ՠ§ ﹔諀§ Ū ﹔
î§ ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔ՠö§ Ravi
and
his
family

Checking
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔Œ§ members



comprehension

﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ 諀 ՠ§ՠ蓨§远§Œ§ They
are
going
to

§ ᴐ㉀軨§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔远㉀
远﹔§
§ 㰬 ㉀§諀㉀㴴﹔§軨§﹔ՠ蓨§뜘㉀

Œ§ Nelapattu
bird

ՠ§諀㉀ú§ՠ§ ՠ远﹔úՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔ö§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§㉀
Œ§ sanctuary

nĨn§
§
 §

㰬 ՠ§§뜘㉀ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴Œ§ Food
items

㰬 ՠ§远§沤軨뜘ՠ §远﹔ՠ⦸ 
§ Skipping
rope

㉀Œ§ Water
can

㰬 ՠ§§ՠ远§ ՠ ﹔§⦸㴴Œ§ They
took
camera

chess

㰬 ՠ§§ՠ§ՠ
§ ﹔§远远﹔§ board

skipping
rope
and

ՠ㴴﹔§諀 § ﹔뜘Œ§ some
other
material


§ §§
§ Ū ﹔
§远§
§㉀軨远ö§ ◤㉀軨远î§§蓨㉀軨§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ §
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ 远 ՠ
§﹔ՠ远§蓨㉀軨§軨
﹔远㉀㉀Œ§ §
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§㉀
蓨§㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ§ՠ§ՠ§뜘﹔ö§ § §
Collaborative
Ū㉀

軨﹔§远 ՠ
§§蓨㉀軨§ 㰬 ﹔
§§ ﹔蓨§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔㉀﹔§§ They
reached
Nellore

reading
by
the
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ ՠ諀ՠ蓨§远ՠ㉀
Τ railway
station
at


am

children
㰬 ՠ§ՠ
§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§㉀ՠ﹔Œ§ A
passenger
train

㉀諀§뜘軨⦸ §뜘﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§

hours

远﹔
§
§ ﹔§ՠ
Œ§ Doravarisatram§
㰬 ﹔﹔§§ ﹔蓨§﹔§㉀諀
§ ㉀뜘§
 ﹔§ՠ
Τ
§
Scaffold
reading
Ū ﹔
î§沤㉀뜘﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§諀§ §
﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔ö§ 㰬 ՠ§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ㴴﹔§諀 §蓨㉀軨î§ §


㴴§ՠ
§﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§ 蓨㉀軨§㉀§ ㉀§ՠ§⦸
⦸Œ§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§뜘㉀ՠ
§
⦸
⦸§远㉀远§
﹔ՠ§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔Œ§
Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§諀远 §㉀§㉀§ ㉀§ՠ§⦸
⦸§
諀 §蓨㉀軨§ ՠ뜘蓨§뜘﹔뜘﹔远§㉀§
﹔
远Œ§㰬 蓨Œ§
§
§ § ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§뜘﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ ﹔ՠ
§﹔ §
§ Ū ﹔
î§
㉀諀§ⵔ§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ § ՠ軨远﹔Œ§

§ ՠ㉀軨ö§§ §
§ 远﹔
§㉀§뜘﹔ö§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ՠ远﹔§뜘蓨§
Loud
reading
by
the
远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔﹔§ⵔ﹔§§§ՠ軨远﹔ö§ ㉀⦸﹔Œ§
teacher
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§㉀
﹔î§⦸ §ՠ
§ §
§ ㉀⦸﹔ö§
§
Loud
reading
by
the
㉀諀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀§﹔ՠ§ 㰬 ⦸ §㉀軨§諀ՠ
远§㉀§﹔ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
§﹔ §
children
ՠ㉀軨§
§蓨㉀軨§㉀軨远§ ՠ㉀軨§ ㉀§ ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远Œ§ §
Ŷՠ⦸ §㉀
﹔§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ㴴﹔§軨
§ §
ՠ
§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§ՠö§§
§
Task
for
assessment
Ū ﹔
î§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§Ť§㉀
§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§諀㉀远§ՠ﹔§﹔
Τ
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔ú§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴§
Რ
ՠ﹔§
㉀§ĆĖö§ 㰬 ՠ§远§㉀§﹔§㉀
﹔Œ§

nĨЧ
§
Task
for
assessment
Ū ﹔
î§﹔远§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§㉀
﹔§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔§ú§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴§


ՠ⦸蓨§﹔
§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀§ĆĜö§ ՠ远㴴Œ§
㰬 ՠ§远§㉀§﹔§㉀
﹔Œ§

㉀⦸﹔远远§远﹔§ 沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴§ Ū ﹔
远§﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§
﹔⦸㉀﹔§
ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§§
Teacher’s
沤軨﹔
远§
軨ՠ§㉀軨⦸远§ ◤㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远§ §
reflections
§ §
§ § §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§
§
§
§

Tasks

﹔ՠ§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ՠ
§諀﹔§TRUE
AND
FALSE§
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴﹔远ö§

· 㰬﹔§㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§⦸ՠ§ՠ
§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§
ק§ ݧ
· 沤㉀뜘﹔§远§§諀﹔﹔§ՠ㴴
§ ㉀㉀远§㉀ § ﹔§远§諀 § ﹔§⦸﹔§ ㉀
﹔远§§§§§×§ §Ý§
· ﹔⦸ՠ
远§ ՠ§远 ㉀§
﹔⦸㴴远§ՠ
§㉀
§﹔远§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§×§§ ݧ
· 佨ՠ⦸ §远§ ﹔§﹔远§뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§諀ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔§远§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ ק§ ݧ

Completing
the
following
blanks
choosing
right
words
from
the
box
given
below

By
bus
Bath
Togo
Get
up
Comb
Study
Enjoy

ⵔ§ððððððððð§﹔ՠ蓨§
§ ﹔§뜘㉀

ö§ⵔ§ՠ㴴﹔§ððððð§ՠ
§ððð뜘蓨§ ՠö§ⵔ§ðððððððð§ ﹔§﹔ՠ㴴 ՠ远§ՠ
§﹔§
﹔ՠ蓨ððððððððð㉀§远⦸ ㉀㉀ö§ⵔ§㉀§㉀§ ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀§ððððððððððð§

Ø Here
is
a
kite
with
a
tail

But
the
tail
is
not
in
a
order

Arrange
it
in
an
order

nĨĖ§
§


























































PERIOD
PLAN
伸

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§㉀ĺ§
沤⦸ ㉀㉀ĺ§ § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ūՠ远远姧§§
沤軨﹔⦸ĺ§Ŷ
远 § § § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Űՠ﹔ĺ§
ӄ
§㉀ú
﹔ĺ§Flamingo
festival
paragraphs伸

ૼ



§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§㉀
§㉀ĺ§

ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远ĺ§﹔ՠ
§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§﹔远﹔
姧§§§§§§§§§§

v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§
軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
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§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
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Objectives

v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§軨远﹔§㉀远远ՠ蓨§㉀§軨﹔远远§ ﹔§뜘﹔ՠ

远§㉀ § ﹔§諀㉀远§
§ ﹔§﹔ ö§§
v
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v
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
§ ﹔§﹔ ö§
v
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v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔﹔㉀§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ ㉀軨 §⦸㉀
⦸﹔§뜘ՠ
ö§
v
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﹔§ ﹔⦸§  ㉀軨 §  ﹔§ ㉀軨§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§
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v
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v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨§諀 §㉀﹔§㉀
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v §
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§ ﹔§ՠ远远ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§﹔ՠö§§
v
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v
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﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀諀
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§﹔ ö§

v 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

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Academic
Standards
targeted

v ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
ö§§§
Teaching
Learning
material




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§ՠ﹔§
㉀§nĖ§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§§﹔ §㉀㉀㴴§
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§ՠ﹔§
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§ö§
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㰬㉀㴴§远 ﹔﹔远úՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远úՠ⦸蓨§远 ﹔﹔远ö§
§

nĨĜ§
§
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§
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§
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§
§
﹔远㉀
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Display
the
picture
㰬 ՠ§ ﹔远㉀
远ú 
远ú㉀﹔⦸远§ ާ ㉀﹔远î§ ՠ§ 뜘ՠ
î§ ﹔﹔远
§
on
page
no



and
㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§ ՠ§î§㉀⦸㴴远î§軨远 ﹔远§


㴴î§ 远⦸軨远远§ ՠ
§ ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§
interaction
based
on
§ §
﹔远㉀
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the
picture
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远§ ㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ ㉀远﹔﹔§ 蓨
î§軨


§
§

§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§远§諀﹔
§㉀
§ ﹔§
§
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§
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
§ ՠ ﹔§  ﹔§
Œ§
Linking
the
picture
Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴
㉀諀§諀 ㉀§ ﹔§뜘ՠ
§远Œ§
to
the
listening
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§远§§
input’
The
golden
§ 軨


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§
bird
and
the
king’


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§ ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ
§㉀§㴴
㉀諀§諀 ㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔§ 远§ 蓨
§ ㉀§ ⦸ՠ⦸ §
narrating
the
﹔远㉀
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§諀 蓨§远§ ﹔§軨


§  ﹔§ö§
paragraphs
Რ




of
§ ՠ ﹔§ ﹔§Œ§
the
story

Ű㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 諀ՠ
§ ㉀§ 远﹔
§ ㉀§  ﹔§
远㉀蓨Œ§
§
㉀諀 §뜘ՠ
蓨 §뜘﹔远 § ՠ﹔ §ⵔ §
ՠ軨远﹔Œ§ 沤
 軨㴴ՠ§§
﹔远 §远﹔
§㉀ § ﹔ §远㉀蓨 § §
﹔ §
㰬 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§
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§
㉀﹔
§§ՠ
§ ﹔§㴴
§
㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§Œ§ ՠ蓨远§㉀﹔
§﹔远ö§
远﹔﹔§ 諀 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ⵔ§ՠ軨远﹔î§
㰬 ՠ§ 远§ 远﹔⦸ՠ§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ﹔§⦸ՠ軨 § ﹔§§ՠ
§

⦸﹔ՠ远﹔§§뜘蓨§㉀⦸﹔ö§
Œ§ ㉀㉀㴴§ ㉀뜘﹔ö§
远﹔﹔§ 뜘蓨§ ՠ⦸ՠ§ ﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§
Interaction
based
on
㰬 ՠ§§ ﹔§ 軨
﹔§㉀Œ§
﹔§ 㴴
§ 뜘 §  
㴴§
軨
§
ՠՠ㉀
ö﹔远㉀
§ ㉀§
the
story
㰬 蓨§ 远§  ﹔§ 軨
﹔§ ՠ ՠ§ ㉀§  ՠ§ ﹔§﹔⦸ՠ뜘﹔§⦸ §蓨§
 ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
㴴﹔﹔§ ﹔§뜘ՠ⦸§§諀 § 뜘Œ§ 远﹔ՠ
§㉀ ﹔远§뜘㉀
﹔蓨ö§
§
㰬 ՠ§§ ﹔§ 軨
﹔§﹔⦸﹔Œ§ ﹔§ ﹔⦸﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔远﹔
§


㴴î§ 远⦸軨远远§ ՠ
§ ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§
ՠ﹔ §蓨㉀軨 §﹔﹔ §远﹔﹔
§ՠ § §  ﹔§ 뜘ՠ⦸§ § ㉀§  ﹔§
﹔远㉀
远﹔ö§
諀 ⦸ §ՠ蓨远§㉀﹔
§﹔远Œ§ 㴴
ö§
§
Ű㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 远軨㉀§  ﹔§ 軨
﹔远§ §
﹔⦸远㉀
Œ§㰬 蓨Œ§
Displaying
the
§
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§§
Picture
chart
of
the
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
远﹔﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ §§§§§§§§ðððððððððð§
first
picture
given
on
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§远﹔Œ§
§
page
no




뜀
§
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔§远§Œ§
§ § §ՠ§ ՠ㴴﹔î§ ⦸ ﹔
î§ 뜘﹔
î§
Eliciting

远﹔﹔§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ 㰬 ՠ§﹔远㉀
远ú 
远ú§ 諀㉀뜘﹔
î §ՠ §뜘㉀﹔î §ՠ §
Key䔜relevant

§ ㉀﹔⦸远§ ㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 远﹔﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ ㉀蓨î§ՠ§î§ՠ§
㉀⦸軨ՠî§
vocabulary
§
﹔远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ ⦸軨﹔Œ§ ՠ§湌湌ö§
§
§ § 諀ՠ⦸ 
î§ՠ㴴
î§


㴴î§ 远⦸軨远远§ ՠ
§ ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ 㰬 ՠ§ ՠ⦸㉀
远§ ㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ ㉀远﹔﹔§

nĨĢ§
§
 ﹔远㉀
远﹔ö§ 
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
§ §
远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ⵔ﹔§諀﹔
ö§ §
§ §
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔
远ö§
§
§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔§远§Œ§ ⵔ§ 远§ ՠ§ § 远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨ö§
Eliciting
ideas
from

§ 㰬 ՠ§ 远§ ㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 远﹔﹔§ 
§  ﹔§
﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ뜘
㉀﹔远ö§
the
pictureö§
﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ ⦸軨﹔Œ§
㉀軨远远§
§


㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§뜘﹔ö§ 㰬 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§  ﹔﹔§ 
§  ﹔§ 沤㉀뜘﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ՠ㴴
§
§
§ 远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§  ㉀㉀远î§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ ՠ﹔§
§
ᴐ㉀軨§ ⦸ՠ
§ ﹔远㉀
§ 
§ § § 뜘㉀ ﹔§ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§㉀
Œ§ 諀ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔§远ö§
§
㉀
軨﹔§ՠ远㉀ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴
㉀諀§ՠ
蓨§㉀蓨§
§ ﹔§ 沤軨뜘ՠ § ՠ
§ ﹔§
§
§ ⦸軨﹔Œ§㰬 ㉀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨Œ§ ՠ뜘蓨§뜘﹔뜘﹔远ö§
§
§
Ū ﹔
î諀﹔§ 㴴
㉀諀§  ՠ§ § 㰬﹔§ ㉀㉀㴴§ ՠ
§ ՠ軨㉀§ ՠ
§
Specifying
the
沤軨뜘ՠ § ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨§ § ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§  ﹔§
reading
portion

뜘﹔뜘﹔远§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ Ű㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 㴴
㉀諀§ ㉀諀§ §  ﹔蓨§ ՠ⦸﹔湌湌 ﹔§远§﹔§

Ű ՠ뜘ՠՠՠ뜘§远ՠ㉀
§蓨§ՠ
ö§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔§§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§ 
§ ㉀远﹔§﹔﹔远ö§
Linking
the
ideas
﹔远§远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ ՠ﹔
﹔§ՠ﹔ö§ §
with
the
reading
text§﹔远§ ﹔ՠ§  ﹔§ ՠՠՠ 远§ Ч ˧ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ
§㉀§㴴
㉀諀湌ööŒ§
Ė§ §
§ § § §
§ Ű㉀
§諀㉀蓨§ §蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§
㉀§ՠ﹔§ ㉀諀§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ §§
§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ ՠ
§ 軨
﹔远ՠ
§  ﹔§  ﹔﹔Œ§ ՠî§ ㉀㉀㴴§ ՠ§  ㉀远﹔§
Individual
attempt
諀 ㉀﹔§﹔ ö§ ㉀諀§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ ՠ㉀軨﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔⦸ՠ
远­§
﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§
of
the
reading
text
§
蓨§ ㉀§ 軨﹔远远§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔ՠ

§ ㉀ §  ﹔﹔Œ§ ﹔ՠ ՠ㴴
§
§  ﹔§軨
ՠ뜘ՠ§諀㉀远ö§ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ 远§ՠ㉀軨﹔Œ§ §
﹔ՠ远﹔§ ㉀§
㉀§ ⦸㉀
远軨§ ՠ
蓨§ ㉀
﹔§ 㰬 ㉀§ 軨﹔﹔§  ﹔§ 远§ 沤軨뜘ՠ §
ՠ§ 远§㉀
ö§§ ՠ㉀軨﹔Œ§ §
§ 㰬 ՠ§蓨﹔§㉀ §ՠ§ՠ㉀軨﹔§远§Œ§ §Ŷ ⦸ՠ뜘ՠ㉀
§
§ § § Ť蓨§ՠ
§ՠ軨㉀§
§ Ū ﹔
î §ⵔ §諀 §ՠ远㴴 §蓨㉀軨 §ՠ § ﹔諀 § ㉀諀§ § ՠ远§ ՠ뜘蓨§ ﹔ՠ⦸ §
﹔§远㉀远§
Checking
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§  ﹔§§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§ 㰬 ﹔î§㉀諀
§ՠ
§﹔蓨§
comprehension

﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ 㰬 ՠ§§ՠ§远軨远﹔§ՠŒ§ 㰬 § ㉀
§
﹔⦸㴴§ ՠ
§
§ ᴐ㉀軨§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔远㉀
远﹔§
§ 㰬 ՠ§ ⦸㉀㉀軨远§ ㉀ § 远§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀
§﹔远ö§
ՠ§諀㉀ú§ՠ§ ՠ远﹔úՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔ö§  ﹔﹔Œ§ §
﹔§ ㉀﹔远§ ﹔ՠ뜘﹔
§
㉀諀§ՠ﹔§ ﹔§远Œ§ 远§㉀﹔⦸
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔ՠö§
㰬 ㉀§远§㉀﹔⦸
§ ﹔§ՠ﹔ՠŒ§
﹔§ 远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ㉀뜘§
㰬 ﹔﹔§ §  ﹔§ 远§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔§ ՠ§㉀ §ՠ
远ö§
㉀뜘Œ§ ՠ
軨ՠ蓨§ 远§  ﹔§ ﹔远§
㰬 ՠ§뜘㉀
 §远§ ﹔§﹔远§뜘㉀
 § 뜘㉀
 § ㉀§ 远§  ﹔§
㉀§远§ ﹔§§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§ 远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨ö§
㰬 ՠ§ 远§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀远§ ՠՠ⦸﹔§ §沤㉀ð﹔§﹔⦸ՠ
远§§
§㉀ § ﹔§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§
﹔§ 远§ ㉀远§ ㉀§

nĨĨ§
§
 㰬 蓨§ ㉀§ 远§ 远§ ﹔ՠՠ軨§ 远 ﹔﹔§ ՠ
§ ㉀§
§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§ ﹔﹔
ö§
㉀諀§㉀§ ﹔§ ㉀⦸ՠ§﹔㉀﹔§﹔ՠ§ ㉀⦸ՠ§ ﹔㉀﹔§ ﹔ՠ§  ﹔§
 ﹔§远Œ§ 远§ՠ远§ ﹔§軨﹔远远ö§
㰬 ﹔﹔§㉀§ ﹔§远§﹔§
§ ﹔§
﹔§ 远§ ﹔§ 
§  ﹔§
远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨ú§ ﹔﹔远ö§
§
§
§ Ū ﹔
§远§
§㉀軨远ö§ ◤㉀軨远î§ § 蓨㉀軨§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ §
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ 远 ՠ
§﹔ՠ远Œ§ 㰬﹔§ ㉀㉀㴴§ ՠ
§ ՠ軨㉀§ ՠ
§
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§㉀
蓨§㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ§ՠ§ՠ§뜘﹔ö§ § ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§  ﹔§
Collaborative
Ū㉀

軨﹔§ 远 ՠ
§ § 蓨㉀軨§ 㰬 ՠ§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ ՠ㴴远§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§ ՠ⦸﹔湌湌 ﹔§远§﹔§
reading
by
the
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ ⦸㉀㉀軨§㉀ § ﹔§远Œ§ 
§ ㉀远﹔§﹔﹔远ö§
children
§ §
㰬 ㉀§ 远§  ﹔§ ㉀ ﹔§ ﹔远㉀
§ §
뜘﹔
㉀
﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠՠՠ Œ§
﹔§ 远§ ՠ﹔§ 諀 ﹔î§
§ ㉀諀
§ ՠ
§ ﹔蓨§ 
§
⦸㉀㉀軨ö§
§
ާ軨﹔§
Scaffold
reading
Ū ﹔
î§沤㉀뜘﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ 諀§ § §
﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔ö§ ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ 远﹔﹔
§ 远§ 
§


㴴§ ՠ
§ ﹔远㉀
§ ㉀§ 뜘蓨§  ﹔﹔
§⦸㉀㉀軨远Œ§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ ՠ㴴﹔
§ ՠ§  ㉀㉀§
㉀ §ՠ
蓨§Œ§
佨﹔
㉀
§ ՠ
蓨§ § 諀 § ՠ§ ㉀
§

﹔⦸㴴Œ§
㰬 蓨î§㉀§蓨㉀軨§ 
㴴î ՠ뜘
㉀﹔远§
远§ § ﹔ՠՠ軨§ 
§  ﹔§ 뜘㉀
 §
㉀ §ՠ
軨ՠ蓨Œ§
㰬 蓨§ § 沤軨뜘ՠ 远§ ՠ뜘蓨§§
㴴﹔﹔§ՠ§軨﹔§ ㉀§ ﹔뜘Œ§
ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔﹔§远﹔﹔
§ՠ
蓨§軨﹔§

§ ՠ
蓨§ ㉀軨远§ ՠ⦸﹔§  ՠ§ 蓨㉀軨§
ՠ﹔§远﹔Œ§
㉀諀î§ ㉀§  ﹔蓨§ ՠ㉀ՠ⦸ §  ﹔§
㉀軨远远Œ§
Vocabulary
task
Ū ﹔
î§ ﹔﹔§远§ՠ§ՠ远㴴ö§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ ◤㉀§  ㉀軨 §  ﹔§§
§ §Ű㉀§ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔Œ§ ﹔ՠ
§ ﹔ § ՠ
§
㉀﹔§
§ ㉀諀
§  ﹔§ ՠ﹔⦸﹔远ö§
§ Ŷ ö§§§
§ §
§
§

nĨĮ§
§
§ § ㉀諀§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 뜘﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ ⵔ§ ﹔ՠ
§﹔ §
§ Ū ﹔
î§
㉀諀§ⵔ§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ § ՠ軨远﹔Œ§
§ ՠ㉀軨ö§§ §
§ 远﹔
§㉀§뜘﹔ö§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ⵔ§ ՠ远﹔§ 뜘蓨§
Loud
reading
by
the
远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔﹔§ⵔ﹔§§§ՠ軨远﹔ö§ ㉀⦸﹔Œ§
teacher
远﹔﹔§  ﹔§ ㉀
﹔î§ ⦸ § ՠ
§ Ű㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 
§ ՠ
蓨§  ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ 
§
§ ㉀⦸﹔ö§ ﹔ՠ
§ ՠ§ 远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
§ ՠ
§
§ 軨﹔
§ՠ§㉀㉀軨﹔Œ§
§
Presentation
of
the
Ū ﹔
î§ ﹔﹔§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ՠ軨㉀§ ㉀諀§远§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀Œ§ §
audio
input
of
the
㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀㉀
§ 远§ ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ㉀远﹔﹔§ ՠ
蓨§ ㉀
﹔§ Ş軨㉀§ 
軨§ ㉀ §  ﹔§
reading
portion
﹔远﹔
﹔ö§ ՠՠ㉀
§
§ ﹔§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
Œ§ ﹔ՠ
§㉀㉀
ö§
远﹔
§㉀§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ Ű§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔远远ՠ﹔§
远﹔﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ軨远﹔î§ 远﹔﹔î§ ⦸﹔ՠŒ§
远﹔远远î§ ㉀
﹔§ ՠՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ §

ՠՠ㉀ö§
Loud
reading
by
the
㉀諀§ 蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀
§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ 㰬 ⦸ § ㉀軨§ 諀ՠ
远§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ ﹔ՠ
§﹔ §
children
ՠ㉀軨§
§蓨㉀軨§㉀軨远§ ՠ㉀軨§ ㉀§ ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远Œ§
Ŷՠ⦸ §㉀
﹔§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ㴴﹔§軨
§
ՠ
§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§ՠö§§
Task
for
assessment
§§  ﹔§ ՠ
㴴远§ 諀 § 远軨ՠ﹔§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ Ćö§ ՠ远§ ՠ뜘蓨§
諀㉀远ú§ ՠ远﹔远ö§ ㉀㉀㴴㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸ §  ﹔§ §
远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨§
nö
﹔§ 远§ ՠ﹔§
㉀
ՠ
§
ö§
Đö§
﹔ ՠ
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Student
teacher’s
reflections

沤軨﹔
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Teaching
Learning
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§ § § §
§ Ū ﹔
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㰬 ㉀§§軨蓨§ՠ§
㉀⦸軨ՠŒ§ ՠ远§ ՠ ﹔ö§
Ū ﹔⦸㴴
§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
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⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
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﹔ՠö§
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﹔§ ﹔§﹔﹔ö§
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§
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§ 沤 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ 远 ՠ
§﹔ՠ远Œ§ ﹔ՠ
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§ ՠ§ §


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§ ㉀§ 뜘蓨§ 
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䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ 远﹔§ ㉀§ ՠ
蓨§
§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§
ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ 远﹔﹔
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ՠ뜘
㉀Œ§
㰬 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ 远﹔﹔
§ ՠ§
ՠ뜘
㉀Œ§
ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ ՠ㴴﹔
§ ՠ
蓨§
远﹔ ﹔Œ§
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ՠ远㴴§ Ū ﹔
î § ﹔﹔ §远 §ՠ §ՠ远㴴ö §◤㉀ § ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ They have bought a set
 ㉀軨 §§ՠ
§ §ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔Œ of binoculars. Mention
some items that are
available as a set or a
pair?§
§ § ㉀諀 §뜘ՠ
蓨 §뜘﹔远 § ՠ﹔ §ⵔ §﹔ՠ
§﹔ §
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§ ՠ㉀軨ö§§ §
§ 远﹔
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nĮЧ
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﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 远﹔﹔§  ﹔§ ㉀
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§ §
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§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ 㰬 ⦸ § ㉀軨§ 諀ՠ
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§ՠ远㴴§ ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ 远㉀뜘﹔§ 远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
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§
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§ 軨§  ﹔뜘§ 
§
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ՠ㴴
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ՠ
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ՠ㴴
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﹔§ՠ§﹔﹔§×§Ý§
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§﹔§ՠ
§远﹔﹔㴴î§
ĆĀ§뜘
軨﹔远î§ՠ⦸﹔§﹔﹔§﹔⦸ö§

Teacher’s
reflections

沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴§ Ū ﹔
远§ ﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§
﹔⦸㉀﹔§
ⵔ
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§ §
§ §
§ §
§
§
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㉀﹔ĺ§
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㴴远§ ㉀§ 뜘軨﹔§ ⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
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ՠ

﹔ö§佨㉀﹔§
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﹔ö§

nĮĖ§
§
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ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
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ӄ
§㉀ú
﹔ĺ§Flamingo
festival
paragraphs



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v
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Objectives

v
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v 远﹔
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Academic
Standards
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v ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
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Teaching
Learning
material



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§ՠ﹔§
㉀ö§nĜ§㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§§Ŷ
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nĮĜ§
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Picture
chart
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§ 㰬 ՠ§§ ﹔§§ 
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﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔§


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§﹔§뜘﹔ö§
ՠ远﹔§㉀
§ ﹔§远㉀蓨ö§ 㰬 ՠ§§ ﹔§ 軨
﹔§㉀Œ§ §㉀§ ﹔§㴴
ö§
§
§ 㰬 ㉀î§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§§远§
﹔§§ 뜘远﹔ §
§
 ﹔§﹔远§ ㉀㉀Œ§ §
Displaying
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§

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Picture
chart
of

the
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
远﹔﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§
second
picture
given
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§远﹔Œ§
§
on
page
no
Რ

§
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§ ՠ§远﹔﹔§
§ 㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔§远§Œ§ ﹔㉀﹔§
§
远﹔﹔§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ Ű﹔远远﹔§ՠ远§远§
§ 㰬 ՠ§﹔远㉀
远ú 
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⦸
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Eliciting
㉀﹔⦸远 §㉀ §蓨㉀軨 §远﹔﹔ §
§ ﹔ §
﹔远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
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§
Key䔜relevant
⦸軨﹔Œ§
§ ⵔ§远§ՠ§远﹔﹔§
vocabulary
and
§


㴴î§ 远⦸軨远远§ ՠ
§ ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔㉀﹔§ՠ﹔§⦸﹔﹔ՠ
§
ideas
§ 㰬 ՠ§ ՠ⦸㉀
远§ ㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ ㉀远﹔﹔§ ՠ§ ﹔远远§
﹔远㉀
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§ 
§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
§ ⵔ§远§ՠ§ ՠ뜘
㉀§ ﹔远ՠ§
远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ⵔ﹔§諀﹔
ö§ § ﹔㉀﹔§﹔远远﹔§ՠ远§
§
§ ՠ뜘
㉀﹔远§ՠ﹔§ՠ
⦸
§
§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔
远ö§ §

nĮĢ§
§
 § 沤軨軨﹔ՠ湌ö§§§
§ Ŷ远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§ 軨
§
Ű㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 㴴
㉀諀§ ㉀諀§ §  ﹔蓨§ ﹔远ՠöö§
Ū ﹔
î諀﹔§ 㴴
㉀諀§  ՠ§ ﹔ՠ⦸ § ﹔§§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨Œ§
Specifying
the
沤軨뜘ՠ § ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨§ §
reading
portion

뜘﹔뜘﹔远§ ﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ 沤軨軨﹔ՠ§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ
§㉀§㴴
㉀諀湌ööŒ§

ՠ ﹔§ 諀ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔ՠՠ軨§ § §
Linking
the
ideas
远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨ö§
with
the
reading
text§ ﹔远§远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ ՠ﹔
﹔§ՠ﹔ö§
﹔远§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§ՠՠՠ §Ĩ§

§ § § §
§ Ű㉀
§諀㉀蓨§ §蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§
㉀§ՠ﹔§ ㉀諀§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ §§
§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ ՠ
§ 軨
﹔远ՠ
§  ﹔§  ﹔﹔Œ§ 沤軨軨﹔ՠ湌ö§§§
Individual
attempt
諀 ㉀﹔§﹔ ö§ § Ŷ远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§ 軨
§
of
the
reading
text
§
蓨§ ㉀§ 軨﹔远远§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔ՠ

§ ㉀ § ﹔远ՠ§
§  ﹔§軨
ՠ뜘ՠ§諀㉀远ö§
﹔ՠ远﹔§ ㉀§
㉀§ ⦸㉀
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蓨§ ㉀
﹔§
ՠ§ 远§㉀
ö§§
§
§ § §
﹔§㉀﹔
뜘﹔
§㉀ §
§ Ū ﹔
î §ⵔ §諀 §ՠ远㴴 §蓨㉀軨 §ՠ § ﹔諀 §
㰬 ㉀§⦸﹔﹔ՠ﹔远§ ﹔§뜘
㉀§ Ş
 ՠ§ՠ﹔远 §
Checking
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ ﹔远ՠŒ§

comprehension

﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ 㰬 ﹔
§㉀﹔远§ ﹔§ՠ뜘
㉀§ ⵔ
§ ﹔§뜘㉀
 §㉀ §
§ ᴐ㉀軨§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔远㉀
远﹔§
§
﹔远ՠ§⦸﹔﹔ՠ﹔Œ§ ՠ
軨ՠ蓨§
ՠ§諀㉀ú§ՠ§ ՠ远﹔úՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔ö§ՠ뜘
㉀§ ﹔远ՠ§远§ ﹔§ Ť远§
﹔远ՠ§㉀ §ö§ ՠ

§ՠ뜘
㉀§
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㉀
§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
§﹔﹔
§㉀ § ﹔远ՠö§
沤沤§远⦸Œ§  ⦸ՠ远§ՠ
§軨
§ð
㰬 ㉀§ՠ㴴﹔远§ՠ§ⵔ§ ﹔§ ﹔远ՠŒ§ ㉀ ⦸ՠ远§
§ Ū ﹔
§远§
§㉀軨远ö§ ◤㉀軨远î§ § 蓨㉀軨§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ 沤軨軨﹔ՠ湌ö§§§
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ 远 ՠ
§﹔ՠ远Œ§ Ŷ远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§軨
§
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§㉀
蓨§㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ§ՠ§ՠ§뜘﹔ö§ § ﹔远ՠ§
Collaborative
Ū㉀

軨﹔§ 远 ՠ
§ § 蓨㉀軨§ 㰬 ՠ§ 远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§ ՠ㴴远§ ՠ㉀軨§  ﹔§
reading
by
the
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ 뜘㉀ՠ
⦸﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ ﹔远ՠŒ§
children
§
㰬 ㉀§ ՠ﹔§ §  ﹔§ ﹔远㉀
远§
뜘﹔
㉀
﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠՠՠ Œ§
§
Scaffold
reading
Ū ﹔
î§沤㉀뜘﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ 諀§ § §
﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔ö§ ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ 远﹔﹔
§ 远§ §


㴴§ ՠ
§ ﹔远㉀
§ ㉀§ 뜘蓨§ ﹔远ՠŒ§ 沤軨軨﹔ՠ湌ö§§§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ ՠ㴴﹔
§ ՠ§ 
§ Ŷ远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§軨
§
ՠ
蓨§ ﹔远ՠŒ§ ﹔远ՠ§

nĮĨ§
§
 佨﹔
㉀
§ 远㉀뜘﹔§
ՠ㉀
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㉀諀§ ㉀§ 諀﹔§ ⦸﹔﹔ՠ﹔§
﹔远ՠ远Œ§
㰬 ՠ§㉀§諀﹔§㉀§㉀
§ ﹔远ՠ远Œ§
§
Vocabulary
task
Ū ﹔
î§ ﹔﹔§远§ՠ§ՠ远㴴ö§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ 㰬﹔§ ﹔§远§㉀ §
§ §Ű㉀§ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔Œ§ ㉀ ⦸ՠ远§ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§
§
§ ՠ뜘
㉀§ ﹔远ՠŒ§
§
§
§
§
§ § ㉀諀 §뜘ՠ
蓨 §뜘﹔远 § ՠ﹔ §ⵔ §沤軨軨﹔ՠ湌ö§§§
§ Ū ﹔
î§
㉀諀§ⵔ§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ § ՠ軨远﹔Œ§ Ŷ远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§軨
§
§ ՠ㉀軨ö§§ § ﹔远ՠ§
§ 远﹔
§㉀§뜘﹔ö§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ ⵔ§ ՠ远﹔§ 뜘蓨§
Loud
reading
by
the
远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔﹔§ⵔ﹔§§§ՠ軨远﹔ö§ ㉀⦸﹔Œ§
teacher
远﹔﹔§  ﹔§ ㉀
﹔î§ ⦸ § ՠ
§ Ű㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 
§ ՠ
蓨§  ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§ 
§
§ ㉀⦸﹔ö§ ﹔ՠ
§ ՠ§ 远ՠ﹔뜘﹔
§ ՠ
§
§ 軨﹔
§ՠ§㉀㉀軨﹔Œ§
§
Presentation
of
the
Ū ﹔
î§ ﹔﹔§ 諀 §  ﹔§ ՠ軨㉀§ ㉀諀§远§ ﹔§ՠ軨㉀Œ§ 沤軨軨﹔ՠ湌ö§§§
audio
input
of
the
㉀ §  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ
§ ㉀㉀
§ 远§ ՠ﹔§ 蓨㉀軨§ ㉀远﹔﹔§ ՠ
蓨§ ㉀
﹔§ Ŷ远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§軨
§
reading
portion
﹔远﹔
﹔ö§ ՠՠ㉀
§
§ ﹔§﹔远﹔
ՠ㉀
Œ§ ﹔远ՠ§
远﹔
§㉀§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ Ű§ 蓨㉀軨§ ﹔§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔远远ՠ﹔§
远﹔﹔§  ﹔§ ՠ軨远﹔î§ 远﹔﹔î§ ⦸﹔ՠŒ§
远﹔远远î§ ㉀
﹔§ ՠՠ㉀
§ ㉀ §  ﹔§ §

ՠՠ㉀ö§
Loud
reading
by
the
㉀諀§ 蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ ㉀
§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ 㰬 ⦸ § ㉀軨§ 諀ՠ
远§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ §
children
ՠ㉀軨§
§蓨㉀軨§㉀軨远§ ՠ㉀軨§ ㉀§ ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远Œ§ §
Ŷՠ⦸ §㉀
﹔§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ㴴﹔§軨
§ 沤軨軨﹔ՠ湌ö§§§
ՠ
§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§ՠö§§ Ŷ远﹔⦸ՠ蓨§軨
§
﹔远ՠ§
Task
for
assessment
§ՠ
軨ՠ﹔§ ՠ⦸蓨§ ާ ﹔
§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ §
㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀§ĆĜö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔Œ§

Home
task
◤㉀§ ㉀軨 § ﹔§远㉀蓨§ՠ뜘

㉀§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ §
﹔远ՠ§ ՠ
§ ﹔
 蓨§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ远§ Ĝ§ §
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§
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軨⦸㉀
远§
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nĮĮ§
§
Teacher’s
reflections

沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴§ Ū ﹔
远§ ﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§
﹔⦸㉀﹔§
ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§§
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§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§
§

㉀﹔ĺ§
㉀§ ⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
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§  ﹔§ ՠ
㴴远§ ㉀§ 뜘軨﹔§ ⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ⦸ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔§
ՠ

﹔ö§佨㉀﹔§
軨뜘﹔§㉀ §ՠ远㴴远§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ՠ

﹔ö§

nĮĴ§
§
 PERIOD
PLAN伸뜀

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
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v
㉀§﹔
﹔ՠ﹔§ ﹔§㉀諀
§﹔ 远§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§﹔
§﹔ ö§

v 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

ö§
Academic
Standards
targeted

v ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v ﹔ՠ
§Ū㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
ö§§§
Teaching
Learning
material


⦸軨﹔§⦸ ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔§㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀§ĆĆ㉀ §⦸ՠ远远§§Ŷ
远 §﹔ ㉀㉀㴴ö§
◤㉀远远ՠ蓨§⦸ ՠö§§
㰬㉀㴴§远 ﹔﹔远úՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔远úՠ⦸蓨§远 ﹔﹔远öö§
§
§

nĴĀ§
§
 Ŷ ﹔⦸﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§
㉀⦸﹔远远§沤﹔§ ⵔ
远軨⦸㉀
远§ 軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远ö§
Displaying
the
§
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§§
Picture
chart
of
the
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
远﹔﹔§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ §§§§§§§§ðððððððððð§
second
picture
given
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§远﹔Œ§
ö§
on
page
no
ᲠᲠ
§
Ť§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨§
Ť远§
◤軨﹔§
㉀㉀㴴§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§ 远㉀远§
§ ՠ뜘
㉀﹔远§
远﹔﹔§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§ §
﹔﹔远§
§ 沤 ㉀諀
§
㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸﹔§远§Œ§
﹔远㉀
§㉀§ ﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ 㰬 ՠ

§
§
Eliciting
§ Ş远㴴
§
㰬 ՠ§﹔远㉀
远ú 
远ú§
Key䔜relevant


㴴î§远⦸軨远远§ՠ
§﹔§蓨㉀軨§ 沤
§
﹔⦸远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§
vocabulary
and
﹔远㉀
远﹔ö§ 㰬ՠ⦸ 
§
⦸軨﹔Œ§
ideas
from
the
§
﹔﹔§远§ՠ§ ՠ뜘蓨§
§
picture
§ 远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ⵔ﹔§諀﹔
ö§
﹔蓨§ՠ﹔§
§ՠ§§
㰬 ՠ§ՠ⦸㉀
远§㉀§蓨㉀軨§㉀远﹔﹔§
§ § 远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨§

§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔Œ§
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§远﹔
远ö§
﹔﹔§远§ՠ§軨﹔§
§
§ ﹔§远§﹔ ՠ

§
ᴐ㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§﹔远㉀
§
§§§뜘㉀ ﹔§ 远㉀뜘﹔ 
§㉀§ ﹔§
㉀
軨﹔§ՠ远㉀ö§ ⦸ ﹔
§
§ §
§
§
§
Ū ﹔
î蓨㉀軨§ § 㴴
㉀諀§  ՠ§ § 軨⦸㴴蓨§§ððððððððððððððð
沤軨뜘ՠ § ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨§ § ðððððððððððððððððՠ
§
Specifying
the

뜘﹔뜘﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ 
§ 沤軨軨﹔ՠ§ Ű㉀§ 蓨㉀軨§ 㴴
㉀諀§ ㉀諀§ §  ﹔蓨§ ﹔軨⦸ՠ﹔§㉀㉀ö§
reading
portion



㉀諀ö ﹔蓨§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔
㉀蓨
§  ﹔§ ﹔ՠ⦸ §沤軨軨﹔ՠŒ§ §


ՠ뜘
㉀§ ﹔远ՠ§ ﹔﹔ö§§ § §
Linking
the
ideas

﹔远§远﹔﹔§諀 ՠ§ ՠ﹔
﹔§ՠ﹔ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§諀ՠ
§㉀§㴴
㉀諀湌ööŒ§
with
the
reading
text§
﹔远§ ﹔ՠ§  ﹔§ ՠՠՠ 远§ Į§ ˧ §
Ĵ§
§ § Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§㴴
㉀諀§諀 ՠ§ ﹔远ՠ§远§ ՠ뜘
㉀§ ﹔远ՠ§
§ Ű㉀
§諀㉀蓨§ §蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§
㉀§ՠ﹔§ Œ§ Ş
§﹔ ㉀
§§
§ ㉀§ ﹔ՠ§ ՠ
§ 軨
﹔远ՠ
§  ﹔§ 㰬 ՠ§§ ﹔§㉀﹔
뜘﹔
§ §
Individual
attempt
諀 ㉀﹔§﹔ ö§ ՠՠ
﹔§
§沤軨軨﹔Œ§ Ū軨軨ՠ§㉀ՠ뜘远§
of
the
reading
text

蓨§ ㉀§ 軨﹔远远§  ﹔§ 뜘﹔ՠ

§ ㉀ § Ŷ ՠ§ՠ﹔§⦸㉀
軨⦸﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§ Ť蓨§ՠ§ՠ远远﹔
﹔§ՠ
§
followed
by

 ﹔§軨
ՠ뜘ՠ§諀㉀远ö§ ﹔ ㉀
§
§ ﹔§﹔﹔

Œ§ §Ť蓨§ ﹔ՠ
§ՠ㉀軨§
Checking
﹔ՠ远﹔§ ㉀§
㉀§ ⦸㉀
远軨§ ՠ
蓨§ ㉀
﹔§ § ՠ远§§㉀§
comprehension

ՠ§ 远§㉀
ö§§ ㉀諀§§沤軨뜘ՠ §ՠ
§ ﹔§ ﹔ՠՠ軨§§
§ § ՠ뜘蓨§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔㉀﹔Œ§ 远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨ö§
§ Ū ﹔
î §ⵔ §諀 §ՠ远㴴 §蓨㉀軨 §ՠ § ﹔諀 § 㰬 蓨§ՠ﹔§ՠ远§ ﹔
远§
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ ﹔ ⦸﹔Œ§
﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§
ᴐ㉀軨§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§蓨㉀軨§﹔远㉀
远﹔§
§
ՠ§諀㉀ú§ՠ§ ՠ远﹔úՠ§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§

nĴƧ
§
§ Ū ﹔
§远§
§㉀軨远ö§ Ű§蓨㉀軨§⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§远 ՠ
§ 軨⦸㴴蓨§§ððððððððððððððð
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ ﹔ՠ远Œ§ ðððððððððððððððððՠ
§
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§㉀
蓨§㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ§ՠ§ՠ§뜘﹔ö§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§ՠ
蓨§㉀軨远Œ§ ﹔軨⦸ՠ﹔§㉀㉀ö§
Collaborative
Ū㉀

軨﹔§远 ՠ
§§蓨㉀軨§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§ ﹔﹔§ ﹔﹔
§㉀§﹔ՠŒ§ §
reading
by
the
⦸㉀뜘﹔﹔§ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远ö§§ §
children

Scaffold
reading
Ū ﹔
î§沤㉀뜘﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§諀§ Have you ever seen a bird §
﹔§ՠ远㴴﹔ö§ sanctuary? §


㴴§ՠ
§﹔远㉀
§㉀§뜘蓨§ §
䜜軨﹔远㉀
远ö§ 㰬 ՠ§諀§ՠ뜘§ՠ
§沤ՠ﹔﹔뜘§㉀§ §

㉀諀Œ§ §
㰬 ՠ§諀§ՠ§﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ §
ՠ㉀軨§ 远§Œ§ §
㉀諀§諀§沤軨뜘ՠ §远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§ §
﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§諀 § ﹔§ ﹔
远Œ§ §
§
§

§ § ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§뜘﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ 軨⦸㴴蓨§§ððððððððððððððð
§ Ū ﹔
î§
㉀諀§ⵔ§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§﹔ § ՠ軨远﹔Œ§ ðððððððððððððððððՠ
§
§ ՠ㉀軨ö§§ § ﹔軨⦸ՠ﹔§㉀㉀ö§
§ 远﹔
§㉀§뜘﹔ö§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ՠ远﹔§뜘蓨§

Loud
reading
by
the
远﹔﹔§諀 ﹔﹔§ⵔ﹔§§§ՠ軨远﹔ö§ ㉀⦸﹔Œ§
teacher
远﹔﹔§ ﹔§㉀
﹔î§⦸ §ՠ
§ §
§ ㉀⦸﹔ö§
§
Loud
reading
by
the
㉀諀§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀§﹔ՠ§ 㰬 ⦸ §㉀軨§諀ՠ
远§㉀§﹔ՠ§ 軨⦸㴴蓨§§ððððððððððððððð
children
ՠ㉀軨§
§蓨㉀軨§㉀軨远§ ՠ㉀軨§ ㉀§ ﹔§諀 ㉀﹔§⦸ՠ远远Œ§ ðððððððððððððððððՠ
§
Ŷՠ⦸ §㉀
﹔§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§ՠ㴴﹔§軨
§ § ﹔軨⦸ՠ﹔§㉀㉀ö§
ՠ
§﹔ՠ§ՠ㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§ՠö§§ §
§

Language
Task

Ū ﹔
î§㉀§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§Ť§﹔
§ Ű㉀§蓨㉀軨§﹔䜜軨﹔§ՠ
蓨§ ﹔Œ§
ՠ远㴴§远 ﹔﹔ú§﹔ ㉀㉀㴴§
㉀
§ՠ﹔§
㉀§ĆĢö§§ §

Home
task
Ū ﹔
î§远﹔﹔⦸§ՠ§﹔§㉀ §軨㉀軨§ § §
⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§ՠ
§ ՠ뜘﹔§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§蓨§
軨远
§ ՠ远ՠ§﹔§

nĴn§
§
Student
teacher’s
reflections

沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴§ Ū ﹔
远§ ﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§
﹔⦸㉀﹔§
ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§§
沤軨﹔
远§
軨ՠ§㉀軨⦸远§ ◤㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§
§
§

㉀﹔ĺ§
㉀§ ⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
î§ § 
§  ﹔§ ՠ
㴴远§ ㉀§ 뜘軨﹔§ ⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ⦸ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔§
ՠ

﹔ö§佨㉀﹔§
軨뜘﹔§㉀ §ՠ远㴴远§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ՠ

﹔ö§

nĴЧ
§


PERIOD
PLAN伸Რ

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔姧§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§㉀ĺ§

沤⦸ ㉀㉀ĺ§ § § § § §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§Ūՠ远远ĺ§ⵔⵔ§

沤軨﹔⦸ĺ§Ŷ
远 § § § § § § §§§§§§§Űՠ﹔ĺ§

ӄ
§㉀ú
﹔ĺ§ՠ軨﹔§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§㉀
§㉀ĺ§

ՠ
远ՠ⦸㉀
§㉀⦸﹔远远ĺ§Diary
Entry§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§㉀ö§﹔远﹔
ĺ§ §§§§§§§§

v
㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ
﹔远§諀 ㉀§ՠ﹔§﹔軨⦸ՠ
§㉀§远﹔ՠ㴴ö§
Objectives

v
㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§ 
㴴§⦸﹔ՠ﹔蓨ö§§
v
㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§ՠ⦸ՠ㉀
§
§㉀軨远ö§
v
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§远 ՠ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ՠ远§ ﹔﹔蓨ö§
v
㉀§﹔
⦸㉀軨ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§㉀§⦸㉀뜘﹔§㉀軨§諀 § ﹔§﹔⦸﹔㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§⦸軨﹔ö§
v
㉀§뜘ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔뜘§远﹔
§㉀§远뜘﹔§
远軨⦸㉀
远§ՠ
§﹔远㉀
远§ՠ⦸⦸㉀
蓨ö§§
v
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔
 蓨§ ﹔§
ՠ뜘﹔远§㉀ § ՠ뜘ՠ§㉀﹔⦸远§
§Ŷ
远 ö§
v
㉀§ ﹔§ ﹔뜘§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§ՠ
§ՠ远远㉀⦸ՠ﹔§ ﹔뜘§諀 § ﹔§諀㉀远ö§§
v
㉀§뜘㉀﹔§ ﹔§㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§

v 远﹔

§ՠ
§﹔远㉀

ö§
Academic
Standards
targeted

v ㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨ö§
v Ū﹔ՠ﹔§Ŷ ﹔远远㉀
§
Teaching
Learning
Material



Ø
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§﹔远㉀
§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ远㴴§諀﹔
§㉀
§ՠ§⦸ ՠö§
§
§

nĴĖ§
§
 Ŷ ﹔⦸﹔§⦸ ﹔
远§
㉀⦸﹔远远§沤﹔§ ⵔ
远軨⦸㉀
远§ 軨﹔远㉀
远§ ㉀§
﹔ՠ⦸㉀
§
﹔远㉀
远﹔远ö§
Ū ﹔
î§蓨㉀軨§㴴
㉀諀§ ՠ§
沤軨뜘ՠ §ՠ
§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘蓨§远﹔§
§
﹔ՠՠ軨§§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§
ⵔ远§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔ §⦸﹔ՠŒ§
Eliciting
the
context
ՠ⦸ՠ﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠ뜘
㉀§
§ §
﹔远ՠö§沤 ﹔§ ՠ远§뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ
§﹔
蓨§
§

§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§ՠ㉀軨§ ﹔§ö§
§
﹔﹔§远§ՠ
§﹔
蓨§
§沤軨뜘ՠ 远§
ՠ蓨ö§﹔ՠ§§⦸ՠ﹔ 軨蓨ö§
§

㉀ՠ蓨§ 远§ ՠ§ ﹔ՠ軨 軨§ ՠ蓨ö§ 軨§
ՠ뜘蓨§ 远﹔§ ﹔ՠՠ軨§ § Now
write
your
diary

远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨ö§ 㰬﹔§ ﹔
㉀蓨﹔§  ﹔§ for
a
day


ՠ
§ ㉀軨
﹔蓨ö§ⵔÑ远§ՠ§
⦸﹔§ՠ⦸﹔ö§ Use
the
following


﹔§ 远§ ՠ﹔§ ﹔蓨§ ﹔ՠ軨 軨ö§§§§§§§§§§§§§ clues

Assigning
the
task§ ⵔ§§ 远㴴
§軨
﹔§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔远ö§

ⵔ远§ ﹔§﹔
蓨§⦸﹔ՠŒ§
§ ՠ§뜘ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ
蓨§ ﹔
远§ ﹔﹔ö§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ Get
up

ready
to

ⵔ §諀㉀
﹔ § ㉀諀 §ՠ § § ㉀뜘 §ՠ § school

classes

lunch


㉀﹔
§ ՠ⦸﹔§ ⦸㉀軨§ 蓨§ 远軨⦸ § games

cultural

远ՠ
⦸﹔­§
﹔§ՠ蓨§远§ՠ﹔§远㉀§ programmes…




蓨ö §ⵔ §﹔
㉀蓨﹔ § ﹔ § 뜘 §远 ㉀諀 §

 ﹔﹔ö§ ⵔ
§  ﹔§ ﹔軨
§ ㉀軨
﹔蓨î§ ⵔ§
ՠ﹔﹔§ 蓨§ ՠ§ 远軨﹔ð ՠ远§
﹔ ﹔远远§ ՠ
§ ㉀§ ﹔§ 远§뜘﹔ö§
ⵔÑ远§ՠ§
⦸﹔§ö§
㰬 ՠ§§远 ﹔§諀﹔§ՠ㉀軨Œ§
㉀諀§§远 ﹔§远ՠŒ§ ﹔§ö§
§
㰬 ՠ§§远 ﹔§뜘﹔
㉀
﹔§ 远Œ§ ﹔§ ﹔﹔
§
§
㰬 ՠ§ՠ﹔§ ﹔﹔§
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§ Ŷ﹔
远§㉀ § ﹔§ՠ蓨§
Interaction
to
elicit
Ū ﹔î§ ㉀﹔§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§﹔ՠ§
﹔
蓨Œ§
﹔§ 远§﹔﹔
§㉀ §뜘蓨§
the
task§  ﹔§ՠ蓨§﹔
蓨§㉀ §沤軨뜘ՠ ö§
㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§远ՠ§蓨㉀軨§ՠ蓨§ ՠ蓨ö§
§ §
﹔
蓨Œ§
㉀§﹔⦸㉀§ ﹔§
§
㰬 蓨§ՠ﹔§﹔㉀﹔§諀﹔§ՠ﹔远Œ§ 뜘﹔뜘㉀﹔远§ՠ
§
§
§ ﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔远ö§
§
Ū ﹔
î§ՠ﹔뜘§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§ §

軨ՠ蓨ö§ §
Ű㉀§
㉀§⦸㉀
远軨§ՠ
蓨§㉀蓨§ՠ§ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ 远§⦸軨﹔Œ§
 远§軨
⦸軨﹔ö§ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§远﹔⦸㉀
§⦸軨﹔Œ§
Individual
attempt

Ş
蓨§㉀
﹔§㉀ §蓨㉀軨§⦸ՠ
§﹔远﹔
§ ㉀諀§㉀§蓨㉀軨§軨远﹔§ ﹔§⦸軨﹔§
of
the
task

 ՠ§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§諀﹔
ö§ ⦸軨軨ՠ§㉀ՠ뜘뜘﹔远§
§蓨㉀軨§
§ ՠ蓨§﹔
蓨Œ§
§
§

nĴĜ§
§
 §
§
§
§
§
Refinement
in
Ū ﹔
î§远§
§㉀軨远§ՠ
§ §

groups
远 ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远ö§ §
§ 沤 ՠ﹔§㉀
﹔§﹔ՠ§ՠ§ՠ§뜘﹔ö§
㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ I
woke
up
at


A
M


諀﹔
Τ in
the
morning


㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ 远§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔§
§ It
took
an
hour
for

뜘蓨§﹔远㉀
Τ me
to
get
ready
for

§ the
school


I’ve
reached
the

school
by
뜀
A
M


Classes
are
conducted

upto
lunch


Ū ﹔
î§ ﹔﹔§諀 §ⵔ§远ՠ蓨§
We
enjoyed
a
lot
in

Displaying
뜘蓨§﹔远㉀
ö§
the
school
after

Teacher’s
version
◤㉀§ ㉀軨 §ö§
lunch


﹔ՠ§远﹔
蓨ö§
Cultural


programmes
are

conducted
in
which
I

sang
a
song


Later
we’ve
played

cricket
for
an
hour

before
we
leace
the

school

Today
I
like

the
day
very
much

Ū ﹔
î§
㉀諀§ⵔ§諀§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§ ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§뜘﹔远§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§
远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ㉀軨ö§ ՠ軨远﹔Œ§ I
woke
up
at


A
M


远﹔﹔§뜘﹔§ ㉀諀§ⵔ§ՠ뜘§﹔ՠ
Œ§ § in
the
morning


远﹔﹔§뜘﹔§諀 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§ՠ軨远﹔§ 远Œ§ It
took
an
hour
for

ՠ軨远﹔Œ§ § me
to
get
ready
for

Reading
aloud
by
§ 㰬 ﹔﹔§ ՠ﹔§ⵔ§远㉀﹔Œ§ the
school


the
teacher
§ § I’ve
reached
the


§ § school
by
뜀
A
M



§ Classes
are
conducted

§ § upto
lunch


§ § We
enjoyed
a
lot
in

§ § the
school
after

§ lunch


§ Cultural


§ programmes
are

§ conducted
in
which
I

§ sang
a
song

nĴĢ§
§
 § Later
we’ve
played

§ cricket
for
an
hour

§ before
we
leace
the

§ school

Today
I
like

§ the
day
very
much
§
§ § § §§§§§§
§ § § §
§ § § §
§ § ㉀諀§뜘ՠ
蓨§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ﹔§ §
Reading
by
the
Ū ﹔
î§﹔ՠ§ ㉀뜘§뜘蓨§  ﹔﹔Œ§ §
children
and
noting
﹔远軨㉀
§ՠ
§
㉀﹔§㉀諀
§
§ 㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§ 远§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔Œ§ §
down
in
their
note
蓨㉀軨§
㉀﹔§㉀㉀㴴远ö§ § §§§§§§§
books
§ § §
§ §
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
㉀뜘﹔§ՠ远㴴§ Ū ﹔
î§远§ՠ
蓨§㉀ՠ§ ⵔ远§ ﹔§ՠ远㴴§⦸﹔ՠŒ§ §
ՠ⦸﹔§
﹔ §沤軨
ՠ蓨§ՠ
§諀﹔§
蓨㉀軨§﹔ ﹔﹔
⦸﹔§
§蓨㉀軨§ՠ蓨ö§
§

§ Teacher’s
reflections

沤軨﹔
远§諀㉀㴴§ Ū ﹔
远§ ﹔ ㉀뜘ՠ
⦸﹔远§
﹔⦸㉀﹔§
ⵔ
§ ﹔§ՠ蓨§§
沤軨﹔
远§
軨ՠ§㉀軨⦸远§ ◤㉀軨§㉀軨⦸远§ §
§ §
§ §
§ §
§
§

Note
§
㉀§ ⦸ ﹔⦸㴴§ ⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
î§ § 
§  ﹔§ ՠ
㴴远§ ㉀§ 뜘軨﹔§ ⦸ ㉀⦸﹔§ 䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§ ⦸ՠ
§ ՠ远㉀§ ﹔§
ՠ

﹔ö§佨㉀﹔§
軨뜘﹔§㉀ §ՠ远㴴远§뜘ՠ蓨§﹔§ՠ

﹔ö§

nĴĨ§
§
§

APPENDIX – 2
§

[MODEL
FORMATIVE


SUMMATIVE
TEST
PAPERS
FOR
PRIMARY
CLASSES]

nĴĮ§
§
 APPENDIX
–


MODEL
FORMATIVE


SUMMATIVE
TEST
PAPERS
FOR
PRIMARY
CLASSES

FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT–
SLIP
TEST

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
ĺ湌湌湌湌湌湌ö§§ § § § § §
뜘﹔ĺ§Ć§

㉀§㉀ĺ湌湌湌湌湌湌öö§ § § § § § § § § 佨ՠ㴴远ĺ§nĀ§

Answer
all
the
questions
in
the
question
paper
itself

Task
Რ












Marks

﹔ՠ§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§ՠ
§諀﹔§
ӄŶ§㉀§Ş沤Ŷ§
§ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴﹔远ö§

Ćö§沤 ՠ㴴㉀ՠ§远§ ՠ뜘㉀軨远§ ㉀§ ﹔§ 远 

§ ՠ㉀軨ö§ § § § § § 㓔§§§§§§§聤§
§
nö§沤 ՠ㴴㉀ՠ§远§
﹔ՠ§沤軨軨﹔ՠö§ § § § § § § §㓔§§§§§§§聤§
§
Đö§Ť
㉀⦸軨ՠ远§ՠ﹔§軨远﹔§㉀§远 ㉀㉀§远ö§§ § § § §§ § 㓔§§§§§§§§聤§
§
Ėö§
﹔§◤㉀﹔
뜘﹔
§㉀ §Ş
 ՠ§ՠ﹔远 §⦸﹔﹔ՠ﹔远§ՠ뜘
㉀§﹔远§﹔﹔蓨§
蓨﹔ՠö § § § § § § § § § § § § 㓔§§§§§§§§聤§

Ĝö§ՠ§ՠ
§沤軨뜘ՠ §§
㉀§﹔
㉀蓨§ ﹔§§㉀§﹔ՠՠ軨ö§§§ § § 㓔§§§§§§§§聤

Task


㴴§ ՠ§蓨㉀軨§ՠ﹔§㉀
§㉀
§ՠ§⦸
⦸ö§㰬 ՠ§ 
远§諀㉀軨§蓨㉀軨§㴴﹔§㉀§ՠ⦸㴴Œ§ 
Marks

Ćö§
nö§
Đö§
Ėö§
Ĝö§
§
Task
ૼ



Marks

Ū㉀뜘
﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§軨远
§Ñՠ
Ñö§

Ćö 㰬﹔§ՠ﹔§远㉀뜘﹔§ 軨ö§㰬﹔§远ՠ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴§ ㉀뜘﹔ö§

ö§
nö 远§﹔ՠՠ軨§§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨ö§
ՠ㴴﹔§ՠ§
§ ﹔§ ՠ뜘
㉀§ ﹔远ՠö§
ö§
Đö 㰬﹔§㉀㉀㴴§ՠ
§ՠ軨㉀ö§㰬﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§ ﹔§ՠ⦸﹔§
§ ՠ §ՠ
§ ㉀軨ö§
nĴĴ§
§
 ö§
Ėö
﹔§諀ՠ﹔§远§远ՠ蓨ö§ⵔ§远§蓨§㉀㉀ö§
ö§ §
Ĝö 㰬﹔§㉀ՠ﹔§ՠ§ՠ
ö§㰬﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔§﹔㉀﹔ö§
ö§

Task



Ravi
met
his
friends
Ram
and
Saleem
in
the
school
next
day
after
his
visit
to

Nelapattu
bird
sanctuary

They
have
talked
about
it

Now
develop
the
probable
conversation
between
Ravi
and
his
friends

Write
minimmum

exchanges








Marks

ĐĀĀ§
§


WEIGHTABLE
TABLE

伸

SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
PAPER

CLASS
V傈

Ş⦸ՠ﹔뜘⦸§ 軨﹔远㉀

§ 沤㉀軨⦸﹔§ 佨ՠ㴴远§ ﹔⦸﹔§ ﹔蓨§ 沤 ㉀§ Ŷ远远ՠ蓨§
㉀ՠ§
沤ՠ
ՠ远§ ú§ՠ远㴴§㉀§
蓨﹔§ 远 ㉀§ Ş
远諀﹔§
蓨﹔§
ՠ
远諀﹔§ 蓨﹔§
蓨﹔§
远﹔

§ՠ
§ ՠ§ Ŷ
远 § ĆĀ§ § § ĆĀ§ § ĆĀ§
远﹔ՠ㴴
§ ﹔ՠ﹔§ú§
㉀軨远﹔§
뜘ՠ﹔ՠ§
﹔ՠ
§ Ƨ
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ Ĝ§ n§ § Ч § Ĝ§
⦸㉀뜘﹔ ﹔
远㉀
§
Ū㉀
﹔
㉀
远§㉀ § n§ ӄ
远﹔﹔
§ú§ Ĝ§ § § Ĝ§ § Ĝ§
諀
§ ﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§
㉀⦸ՠ軨ՠ蓨§ Ч
﹔ ð㉀㉀㴴§ Ĝ§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§
◤ՠ뜘뜘ՠ§ Ė§
﹔ ðՠ远﹔§ Ĝ§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§

﹔﹔
﹔
§
Ū﹔ՠ﹔§ Ĝ§
﹔ ðՠ远﹔§ Ĝ§ § § Ĝ§ § Ĝ§
Ŷ ﹔远远㉀
§ 
﹔﹔
﹔
§
Ģ§
﹔ ðՠ远﹔§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§ Ĝ§

﹔﹔
﹔
§
Ĩ§ ӄ
远﹔﹔
§§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§ Ĝ§
Į§
﹔ ðՠ远﹔§ Ĝ§ § § § Ĝ§ Ĝ§

﹔﹔
﹔
§

㉀ՠ远§ Į§ § ĜĀ§ Ćn§ Ā§ nЧ ĆĜ§ ĜĀ§
§

ĐĀƧ
§
 SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
MODEL
PAPER
–
CLASS伸
V

SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT


Ŷ
远 §

ՠ뜘﹔§㉀ § ﹔§沤軨﹔
ĺ湌湌湌湌湌湌ö§§ § § § § §
뜘﹔ĺ§nöĐĀ远§

㉀§㉀ĺ湌湌湌湌湌湌öö§ § § § § § § § § 佨ՠ㴴远ĺ§ĜĀ§

Answer
all
the
questions
in
the
question
paper
itself

Academic
Listening
Reading
Conventions
Vocabulary
Grammatical
Creative
Tot

Standards
and
Comprehension
of
writing
awareness
Expressi al

Speaking
on

Oral傈

Task
No
Classroom
Რ


Marks傈


Marks傈
ૼ
Marks傈

Marks傈



皤










Marks
based



Mar
alotted
assessment Marks傈
ks傈

Რ

Marks

Marks








obtained

Grade

Listening
and
speaking

Რ

marks傈§

﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§ՠ﹔§﹔䜜軨﹔远﹔§㉀§
ՠՠ﹔ՠ
蓨§ՠ§㉀ § ﹔§远㉀蓨§
﹔§㉀﹔
§§ՠ
§ ﹔§㴴
ú﹔远﹔
§ՠ
蓨§
ՠ﹔远﹔뜘
î§
㉀⦸﹔ú§㉀
⦸﹔§㉀§諀⦸﹔§ՠ
§ՠ远㴴§远㉀뜘﹔§䜜軨﹔远㉀
远§
軨ՠ蓨§ՠ
§ՠ远远﹔远远§ ﹔§远﹔

§
ՠ§
§ ﹔§Ŷ
远 §﹔ՠ﹔§㉀§ ㉀뜘§㉀軨远﹔§뜘ՠ﹔ՠ远§㴴﹔§远㉀蓨§㉀㉀㴴远î§ՠ﹔远î§Ū ՠ
ՠ뜘ՠ뜘ՠ§﹔⦸ö§
×
﹔§뜘﹔§远㉀§ ㉀§ 远§ՠ远㴴§远§
㉀§
⦸軨﹔§
§ ﹔§﹔远﹔
§远軨뜘뜘ՠ﹔§ՠ远远﹔远远뜘﹔
§뜘﹔ö§
﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
ՠ﹔§﹔䜜軨﹔远﹔§㉀§⦸㉀
軨⦸§ ﹔§㉀ՠ§﹔远§ՠ ﹔§ ﹔§﹔ ՠ뜘§ՠ§ ﹔§⦸㉀
﹔
﹔
§뜘﹔öݧ

§
Reading
comprehension



marks傈

Task
伸
Რ

Read
the
following
passage

³㰬 ՠ§远§ ﹔§﹔远§远﹔ՠ远㉀
§㉀§远§ 远§ՠ⦸﹔î§ӄ
⦸﹔Œ³§ⵔ§ՠ远㴴﹔§ ﹔§軨﹔ö§³ՠ
軨ՠ蓨§远§ ﹔§﹔远§뜘﹔§
㉀§諀ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔§远 ﹔§﹔﹔ö§沤㉀ð﹔§﹔⦸ՠ
远§ՠՠ⦸§뜘㉀远§㉀ § ﹔§远㉀远ö§佨ՠ
蓨§㉀ ﹔§
㴴
远§㉀ §远§ՠ远㉀§﹔ՠ⦸ §﹔ՠՠ軨§ ㉀§远 ﹔﹔§ՠ
§﹔﹔
ö§
﹔§㉀⦸ՠ§﹔㉀﹔§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§远§ՠ远§
 ﹔§軨﹔远远ö§
﹔﹔§ՠ﹔§뜘ՠ
蓨§﹔﹔远§
§ՠ
§ՠ㉀軨
§ ﹔§ՠ㴴﹔î§ՠ
§ ﹔§远§﹔§
§ ㉀远﹔§﹔﹔远ö§
§

ĐĀn§
§
§
Ćö ___________远§ ﹔§﹔远§远﹔ՠ远㉀
§ ㉀§諀ՠ⦸ 
§ ﹔§远§
§﹔ՠՠ軨§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨ö

nö ՠՠ⦸§뜘㉀远§㉀ § ﹔§远㉀远ö§
Đö 佨ՠ
蓨§㉀ ﹔§远§ՠ远㉀§远§ ﹔§远ՠ
⦸軨ՠ蓨§ ㉀§ö§
Ėö
﹔§㉀⦸ՠ§﹔㉀﹔§﹔ՠ§ ﹔§远§ՠ远§ ﹔§ö§
Ĝö Ť远§﹔§
§ՠ㉀軨
§ ﹔§ՠ㴴﹔§

§
Conventions
of
Writing

Task
–











Marks

Rewrite
the
following
sentence
by
correcting
the
spelling
of
underlined
words
and
put

capital
letters

commas

full伸stops

exclamation
marks
wherever
necessary

§㉀
§ՠ
§蓨ՠ§ ՠ﹔§§蓨㉀軨§﹔
㉀蓨﹔§蓨㉀軨§§ՠ远㴴﹔§ՠ﹔﹔ö§§

Ş
远ĺ§§

Vocabulary
Task
–
ૼ











marks

ӄ远﹔§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§諀㉀远§㉀§ §
§ ﹔§ՠ
㴴远ö

Government










watch










celebrated







run






take

















part

§
佨蓨§远远﹔§佨ՠ
﹔﹔ՠ§軨
远§諀㉀§㴴㉀뜘﹔﹔远§﹔﹔蓨§ՠ蓨ö§沤 ﹔§远§㉀
§㉀§§
§ՠ§軨


§
ՠ⦸﹔ö§ 沤 ﹔§ 㴴﹔远§ ㉀§ § 諀 § ﹔§ ﹔
远§ 沤 ﹔§ ﹔⦸﹔﹔§ 뜘ՠ
蓨§ ﹔远§ ㉀뜘§  ﹔§
§ ㉀ § Ş
 ՠ§ ՠ﹔远 ö§ 沤 ﹔§ ㉀﹔远§ ㉀§ §
ö§
㉀ՠ뜘뜘﹔远ö§ՠ远§諀﹔﹔㴴§远 ﹔§§ ﹔§ ՠ蓨§諀 § ﹔§ ﹔
远ö§
§
§

Grammar
Task
–












Marks§
§
§ ﹔§ՠ
㴴远§
§ ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§远﹔
﹔
⦸﹔远§⦸ ㉀㉀远
§ ﹔§⦸㉀﹔⦸§
§
﹔ ﹔远远㉀
远§ ㉀뜘§ ㉀远﹔§﹔
§
§ՠ⦸㴴﹔远ö§

Ćöՠՠ
§远§§ ﹔§軨远﹔ö§沤 ﹔§㴴﹔§远㉀뜘﹔諀 ﹔﹔ö§
×㉀㉀㴴
§ ㉀ú㉀㉀㴴
§ՠ§Ý§
nö§
﹔§㴴
§ ﹔ՠ§ ՠ§ՠ
ՠՠ §諀ՠ远§ՠ§﹔ՠ§뜘ՠ⦸ՠ
ö§﹔§
 ﹔§뜘ՠ⦸ՠ
ö§×远﹔
§ ㉀ú远﹔
§
ݧ

ĐĀЧ
§
Đö§
﹔§㉀§諀㉀뜘ՠ
§諀ՠ远§远軨 ﹔
§ ㉀뜘§ՠ§远﹔ՠ远﹔ö§沤 ﹔§
ՠ远§沤軨
ՠ蓨ö§×ՠ远远﹔§ՠ諀ՠ蓨§ú§ՠ远远﹔§
ݧ
Ėö§ՠ远§蓨﹔ՠ§㉀
§§ ㉀뜘§ ﹔§远⦸ ㉀㉀ö§
﹔§﹔ՠ⦸ ﹔远§
㉀軨 § 뜘§ՠ⦸㴴§㉀§远⦸ ㉀㉀§ 远§蓨﹔ՠö§×㉀﹔§㉀軨§ú§㉀﹔§
ݧ
Ĝö§³ՠ­§沤諀﹔ ՠ§ ﹔﹔§远§远㉀뜘﹔§㉀㉀§
﹔諀远§ ㉀§蓨㉀軨ö§軨§﹔ՠ뜘ՠ远﹔§
㉀軨§㉀㉀远ՠ§㉀§ՠ㴴﹔§ ﹔§⦸ ﹔
§㉀
§ՠ§⦸
⦸§㉀§ ﹔§㉀㉀§
§

﹔ §諀﹔﹔㴴ö§×ՠ﹔﹔§㉀§ú§ՠ﹔﹔§蓨ݧ

Creative
expression




Marks

Task
–


Write

sentences
about
the
following
picture





Marks

Რ

ૼ



Task
–

Write
a
few
suggestions
to
your
gardener
for
the
best
growth
of
your
garden

Use
the

following
hints









Marks

enough
water
–
put
manure
–
allow
–
sunrise
–
remove
weed
–
fencing
–
visit
regularly傈

One
is
done
for
you傈

ĐĀĖ§
§
Რ

Supply
enough
water
to
the
plants

ૼ



Task
–
皤

Write
a
story
using
the
following
hints





Marks

﹔﹔§⦸ՠ远§§
﹔ ㉀軨
§§⦸㉀远﹔§§ ﹔
远§§远⦸軨远远§§⦸㉀뜘뜘㉀
§§
﹔﹔远§§㉀
﹔§§諀 ﹔§⦸㉀㉀軨§§
ՠ
㉀ ﹔§ՠ⦸㴴§§ §㉀諀
ö§

×One
is
done
for
you傈

Რ

Three
cats
lived
in
neighbouring
houses

ૼ



Task
–

佨ՠ㴴﹔§§ՠ
§﹔
蓨§
§蓨㉀軨§ՠ蓨§㉀
§ ㉀諀§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ﹔§⦸﹔﹔ՠ﹔§蓨㉀軨§ ՠ蓨ö§

佨ՠ㴴﹔§軨远﹔§㉀ § ﹔§ ㉀㉀諀
§⦸軨﹔远ö§

ՠ远§ 沤軨
ՠ蓨î§ ĆĀ §  ՠ蓨î§ ㉀뜘﹔î§ ՠ뜘蓨§ 뜘﹔뜘﹔远§ ՠ
§ ﹔
远î§ ⦸ ㉀⦸ՠ﹔远§ ՠ
§ ⦸ՠ㴴﹔î§ 远

î§
ՠ蓨
§뜘㉀軨 §㉀ՠ
î§ ՠ蓨ö§

ĐĀĜ§
§