Cell respiration modeling

I want to make sure you understand the details of cellular respiration

6O2 (reduced) + C6H12O6 (oxidized) + 36-38ADP --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38ATP

6O2--> 6H2O (reduced) C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 (oxidized) 36-38ADP --> 36-38ATP

1. Write the full, balanced chemical equation for respiration at the top of the page.
a. Draw an arrow to show which reactant becomes which product.
b. Label which reactant is oxidized (loses electrons) and which reactant is reduced
(gains electrons).

2. I have labeled the cytoplasm outside the mitochondrion in this diagram and the mitochondrial
inner and outer membranes. Only some of the folded inner membrane is shown.

Name the two regions inside the mitochondrion (the innermost region and the region between
the two membranes).
Matrix: innermost region Intermembrane space: region between two membranes

3. Identify the broad steps of respiration and label where they take place in these different
regions (assume oxygen is available … you are not showing fermentation in this activity)
Glycolysis: breakdown of glucose into 2 3C pyruvates, occurs in cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle: turns pyruvates into CO2 and electrons taken, occurs in matrix
ETC: uses electrons to produce water and turns ADP into ATP, occurs in intermembrane space
For the first two broad steps of respiration, review what chemicals go in to the process, and
what they turn into at the end of the process.
ADP-->ATP, NAD-->NADH, FAD-->FADH2
For the products made in any step, draw arrows to show where that product will go next.
There are two exceptions where you do NOT have to draw arrows:

a. ATP – assume that it just diffuses around the cell, phosphorylating proteins and
chemicals that need energy
b. Water – it just joins the rest of the H2O molecules already present
NADH goes to ETC, FADH2 goes to ETC, CO2 goes into bloodstream
4. For the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis steps, I have included the proteins
responsible for the process in the mitochondrial inner membrane (with some clues as to
where to start). For these processes, make sure to indicate:

a. where high-energy electrons come from that enter the electron transport chain
(draw dots to represent the electrons as they travel from protein to protein complex in
the chain) … also indicate what happens to the molecule that delivers the high-energy
electrons after it has done its job
b. what those high-energy electrons power as they travel to different protein complexes
c. which direction the protons flow in electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
d. what happens to the low-energy electrons after their energy has been spent
e. name the protein involved in chemiosmosis
f. indicate where a lot of ATP is generated by helping ADP + Pi combine
 (note: you only have to do this once … I showed many protein complexes to make
sure you understand that there are LOTS of these proteins embedded in the inner
mitochondrial membrane, not just one set)

5. This modeling activity showed respiration in a eukaryotic cell. Briefly discuss where these
same steps would take place in a prokaryotic bacterium.
In a prokaryotic bacterium there would be no mitochondria. Therefore, the respiration would
take place in the enzymes and proteins in the cytoplasm with glycolysis and the respiration
would occur in the cytoplasm.
 Respiration in a eukaryotic cell
mitochondrion outer membrane cytoplasm

mitochondrion inner membrane

e-s
ADP + Pi enter
here

e-s
ADP + Pi enter H+
H+ H+
ATP
Synthase
here

e-s
enter NADH NAD FADH2 FAD
here
ATP

ADP + Pi

e-s
enter
ADP + Pi here

(imagine inner membrane continuing below)