Radiology

EXTRA EDGE INFO

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RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS IN ƒƒ Photographic effect
ƒƒ X-ray film is made up of cellulose acetate, coated on its both
sides with silver bromide emulsion. P
Sign Seen due to This emulsion is photosensitive and is responsible for P~ effect.
ƒƒ Fluorescent effect
Hyperparathyroidism Salt & pepper skull/ Pepper pot skull.
R

Rain drop skull
Paget's disease Tom-O Shanter sign,
Widening of inner & outer tables
(Increased diploic space),
Cotton wool appearance,
Osteoporosis-circumscripta d/to large
FO
ƒƒ When X-ray strikes mettalic salts like Zn, Cd, sulphides, the rays
cause them to fluoresce.
ƒƒ Photoelectric effect
ƒƒ Absorption of low energy from radiation in tissue leads to
ionization. Used in diagnostic radiology.
i
ƒƒ Compton effect → d/to absorption of high energy, used in
therapeutic radiology.
M

IN
well defined lytic lesions
Eosinophilic granuloma Single or multiple , well defined PSEUDOANEURYSM OF ICA
destructive (lytic) bony lesions in boys
usually <10 yr. ƒƒ Pseudoneurysms may arise when there is breach in the vessel
wall such that blood leaks through the wall but is contained by
E
Multiple myeloma Multiple lytic and punched out lesions the adventitia or surrounding perivascular soft tissue.
in elderly ƒƒ Penetrating trauma is the most common cause. Other causes can
GE be infection, as an iatrogenic complication following procedures,

SPECIAL EFFECTS IN RADIOLOGY

CTDs such as Ehlers Danlos disease etc.
ƒƒ Since it lacks the three layers of the arterial wall (intima, media
S
and adventitia) it is considered as false/pseudo aneurysm. Part of
ƒƒ Bragg effect is seen with → Charged heavy particles like alpha
particle, protons.
the aneurysm wall is composed only of the adventitial layer, or
even just by the hematoma. Therefore there is a higher risk of U
ED
ƒƒ Bremsstrahlung effect is seen with → Beta particles and X-rays. rupture compared to true aneurysm, leading to the need for urgent
ƒƒ Bremsstrahlung (breaking) radiation: EM radiation produced intervention.
by the deceleration of a charged particle, when deflected by
another charged particle. This is the process by which X-rays are
ƒƒ Pseudoaneurysms of the extracranial Internal Carotid Artery
(ICA) are rare.
P
produced.
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These Updates are from Primes Supplement 2018