Od- 9, 1945' H. MBAcoN' ' I 2.

386383
SPINNING ROLL’ COVER
I FiledfM‘arch e, 194;

0
HmR
BY
M“. Rm.N
‘ATTORNEYS _
 PatenteJOct. 9, 1945 ' 2,386,583“ '

UNITED STATES PATENT >> 2,386,583

orrica '
SPINNING, ROLL "COVER
Henry M.- Bacon, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to The
Dayton Rubber‘ Manufacturing Company,
Dayton, Ohio, a' corporation of Ohio ‘
' Application March 8, 1943, Serial No. 478,357
13 Claims. (01. iii-143)
This. invention relatesto textile machinery.
bet‘ is typical, possess‘vthese essential or desir-J,
- able properties, but when these materials are em-
_ \
More particularly, it deals with cots for spinning. ployed in the manufacture of cots or rollers, they
and‘ card room rolls, and while it will be de- ' - are found unsatisfactory because they exhibit ex
> . scribed in connection with the‘ making of spinning 5 cessive eyebrowing and have a tendency to “lap
roll. cots, it will» be understood by those skilled up” the ?ber being worked. Thiokol, another
in the art that this invention is also adapted for _ synthetic rubber, has extremely high oil resist‘
forming‘ other rolls commonly used in textile ance. However, spinning. cots and, rollers made3
working machines, such as temple‘ rolls, loom with‘ this material exhibit the \same undesirabl
take-uproll coverings, and the like. 7 l0 lapping and eyebrowing. ‘Koroseal, a polyvinyl
The‘ improved‘ spinning roller or cot which is chloride synthetic rubber, is also' resistant to oil
- the subject matter of the present invention and forms a smooth surface cot, but this ma
1 ' possesses good ?ber draftingcharacteristics, ex
hibits low static charge build" up,'is resistant to‘ terial develops the same defects as neoprene and a,
Thiokol. Flexible glyptahresins exhibit the same ‘
attack by oil and'~,abrasive substances, and has l5 tendency to lapping andeyebrowing which is ‘
good aging and wear resisting properties. In ad-‘ found with synthetic rubbers and which is unde- .
dition, it is characterized by a surface which ex sirable in textile working operation. '1
hibits no tendency to “eyebrowing” and which re With such poor results obtained with spinning
tains its, original ‘finish or condition in spite of cots and rollers made of synthetic rubber-like
normal wear through abrasion; , 20 substances, it was unexpected and surprising
\ Many attemptsdzov substitute natural rubber
‘compositions in the manufacture ofspinning ,
that spinning cotsand rollersniadeof butadiene
acrylic nitrile copolymers would not develop any
rollers and cots have been made, but they have of the defects or de?ciencieswhich characterize
proved unsuccessful primarily because natural other synthetic'rubberlike substances. It was dis
rubber is readily attacked by oil and tends to de 25 covered, however, that when butadiene-acrylic
velop a gummy‘ or tacky'surface when used- in nitrile co-‘polymers were compounded and orn
?berworking. As‘ aresult of extended research ployed in producing cots, ‘the resulting article , ,
and experimental testing of‘ a large number of possessed ‘all of the desirable ) characteristics‘
cots‘ made of various compositions, _ including . found in other synthetic rubberlike substances, .
‘ large scale commercial tests conductedin textile 30 and, addition,_ a‘ very great resistance to
mills, it was discovered that the use of synthetic lapping and eyebrowing, and that while the cots
rubber-like materials. comprising butadiene co possessed substantially the same spinning quali
polymers of acrylic nitriles when compounded _ ties of calfskin in industrial or commercial use,
with other ingredients and vulcanized produce a’ ' they had, in addition, greater durability. 5
cot which can be ground to give a ?ber working 85 I give the following as aitypical example of a
surface possessing the characteristics of calfskin , spinning cot composition: '
or the best leather covered ‘cots. Such cots have
excellent ?ber drafting properties and exhibit 'l. _ " 1 Example I
, :. - i > Parts by weight
substantially no tendency to‘ collect ?ber on the,‘
surface‘ thereof. They do not exhibit a ‘tendency 40 Butadiene-acrylic-nitrile copolymer______ 80-125’ '
of grooving, do not collect ‘static charge in sub Dibenzyl ether _____-__"_ ____ -r ________ __ 10-25
stantial amount, are practically unaffected by Cumarone resin ____________________ __~_ 642
oils and greases, and possess high resistance to Zinc oxide ___ ____________________ __-____ 4-1-8
. » .Whiting ________ "I __________________ __ 4040 '
' eyebrowing; '
More‘ recently, and as a result of further ex 4 -.\Sulfur _____V_' ____________ __4_____' _____ __ 1-2
tensive research and practical experimentation, Benzothiazy' disulphide ______ r. ______ __ , {Hi-1.5
there has'been invented and developed an im ‘ It has beenfound that if the composi ion of
proved cot or, roller which exhibits still greater Example I is further compounded in its uncured
resistance to eyebrowing,and it‘ is this improved . ' 1 state with a ?ne granular material it is possible
cot or roller that is the subject matter of the 50 to produce with such composition spinning cots
present invention, , t ' w v _v '
. and rollers which are substantially devoid of any
_ _ "

_ Among? the essential or'd'esirable properties of tendency to lap up Ior eyebrow. ‘Fine salt and.
a‘ spinning cot are those-‘of being substantially
static free and resistant to oils. and greases. vsand h'ave'been suggested as the granular mate
rial‘to be incorporated in such a composition
Synthetic rubbers, such 'as neoprene and other ‘ of these have certain disadvantages.
similar butadiene' polymers ‘of which methyl rub as but both l
. i ‘ J ,
2.
Salt, for example, will deliquesce in the humid
atmosphere of a spinning room with the result
that the surface of the cot or roller becomes
somewhat gummy and moist to the touch. Sand,
on the other hand, is extremely abrasive and
will cause damage when in contact with bear
ings and other closely ?tted moving parts of
machinery.
According to the present invention, I am able.
successfully to obtain the desirable physical 10
2,386,583
Fig. 2 is an exaggerated diagrammatic view of
the surface appearance of'the material forming
the roll cover; and
Fig- 3 is an exaggerated diagrammatic view of
a cross section of the rubber composition includ
ing particles of rubber of dissimilar hardness
showing the distribution of the rubber granules
throughout the rubber body and the manner in
which they appear adjacent the surface of the
roll cover. " ,

characteristics resulting from the incorporation In the drawing, the numeral l0 represents the
of ?ne granular material in the composition of‘ body of the spinning roller and the numeral I I
Example I without thereby obtaining the un indicates the vulcanized cover of acrylic nitrile
desirable features of ?ne salt'and sand. I have and butadiene copolymer having dispersed there
found that if I incorporate a quantity-of ?nely 15 in a ?nely divided rubber material.
divided rubber or similar rubber-like material In Figs. 2 and 3 the rubber body forming the
of a dissimilar degree of hardness than is pro roll cover is generally designated as l2 and the
duced by the rubber composition of Example I in particles of rubber therein are designated as I 3.
such a rubber composition, I obtain a dispersion , As has been noted hereinbefore, large scale in
of ?nely divided rubber of dissimilar hardness 20 dustrial and commercial tests run over consider
‘throughout the body of rubber composition‘. able lengths of time have de?nitely established
This dispersion of rubber-in-rubber provides the that cots made‘ from ‘compositions substantially
same characteristics hitherto obtainable by the as set forth in Example II possess a ?ber working
addition of ?ne salt or sand, but since the ?ne surface ‘which is fully equal to calfskin in spin
granules of rubber are neither water-absorbent 25 ning qualities and which is substantially devoid
nor abrasive, their use does not lead to gummi of any tendency to lap up or 'eyebrow. The cot
ness on the surface of the‘ roll cover as is the surface is dry and possesses ‘a smooth, velvety
case with salt nor is there any possibility of dam- , feel, and what is more, it retains this smoothness
aging bearings and other moving parts as is the ' and velvetiness. The frictional effect of the ?ber
case with sand. 30 on the roll cover abrades and wears away the
Example II ' rubber body of the cot and the rubber material
Parts by weightdispersed therein at dissimilar rates, thus leav
Composition of Example I____'________ __ '100 ing behind a macroscopically pitted or pock
Finely divided rubber (ground bu?ings) _.._ 30-70 marked surface which nevertheless is substan
The ingredients of the composition of Example 35 tially smooth and velvetlike to the touch.
I are compounded in the'usual manner using Wear and regrinding of the cot surface will not
suitable rubber mixing and compounding equip destroy the desirable texture thereof, since the
ment. The ?nely divided rubber (such as ground composition is homogeneous and new grains of
bufflngs) may be added during the same, opera ?nely divided material are brought to the surface
tion or in a subsequent mixing or compounding 40 and fall off when the surface is ground and dur
operation. After the materials are thoroughly ing use. The surface of the cots remains tough,
mixed, the mixture is molded and vulcanized to resilient and ‘resistant to oxidation. The cots
form a cot of the desired shape. possess a very low static charge build-up and high
In Example I the butadiene-acrylic acid co 45 resistance to abrasion and to attack by oil and
polymer may be used in different amounts, pref grease. They are greatly superior‘to similar cots
erably on the order of from 30 to 55 per cent by made with chloroprene and other known oil re
weight of the composition. The composition of sisting synthetic rubberlike substances.
Example II may be vulcanized as is ordinarily It will be understood by those skilled in the art
done in the case of natural rubber compositions. that my improved butadiene-acrylic nitrile co
The hardness of the cots may be preferably 60 polymer composition containing homogeneously
within the range of 50 to 95 as measured on the dispersed grains of ?nely granulated material
Shore type “A” durometer. The hardness or such as rubber or similar rubber-like material
toughness of the ?nished article, and its resil may be used in making'a great variety of ?ber
iency, may be modi?ed by suitable additions of working machine elements for use in the textile
carbon black, zinc oxide, clays and other mate industry. For example; various types of rolls,
rials as is well known to those skilled in the com- . covers, jackets, aprons and the like used in draft
pounding of natural rubber. , ing, conveying and ?ber-working may be manu
A great variety of ?llers, accelerators anddif factured using my improved compound,
ferent resins may be employed with good results, It will be also understood by those skilled in‘
but it is essential to use an acrylic copolymer of 60 the art that the degree of vulcanization or our
butadiene in order to obtain the highly desirable . ing may be so controlled as to produce any
results to which reference has been made here speci?c physical property which may be found
inbefore. While , the butadiene-acrylic nitrile desirable in the ?nished product. Proportion
copolymer has been found to be the most satis ate amounts of different-ingredients may be sub
factory, I do not limit myself to its use nor pre 65 stituted for those enumerated in order to pro
clude the use of other acrylic compounds. For duce a product of anydesired degree of hardness,
example, the - copolymers of butadiene withv elasticity and frictional characteristics. In each
acrylic acid esters or styrene may be employed case, the ingredients will be compounded with
satisfactorily. - the butadiene-acrylic nitrile copolymer and the
The nature of the spinning roller or cot of my 70 granulated substance, molded to the desired
invention will be better understood by reference shape or form, and then vulcanized, and if it is
to the annexed drawing in which: so required, the surface may be ground, buii’ed,
Fig. l is a perspective of a top spinning roller abraded, or otherwise machined or processed to
or cot with the covering partially broken away give it any desirable surface characteristics.
at one end; 75 In addition, it will be understood that while I
 2,386,683 3
have set forth certain embodiments of my in '7. As a new article of manufacture, a textile '
‘ vention, it is not my intention to have it limited machine unit adapted for drafting ?bers having a
to or circumscribed by the speci?c details of ?ber engaging surface of pitted structure com
- proportions, procedure and substances herein set prising acrylic nitrile and butadiene copolymer,
forth, in view of the fact that my invention is ?ne particles of granular rubber substance of
susceptible to many and varied modi?cations dissimilar relative hardness, calcium carbonate,
without departing from the spirit of this dis and curnarone resin‘, said ?ber engaging surface
‘ closure and the scope of the, appended claims. being substantially static free and possessing a ,
I.claim: , v
friction resistant wearing surface.
1. As a new article of manufacture, a textile 10 8. As a new article of manufacture, a textile
machine unit adapted for drafting ?bers having machine unit adapted for drafting ?bers having
a vulcanized ?ber contacting surface layer of a ?ber engaging surface of pitted structure com
pitted structure consisting of a resilient composi prising acrylic nitrile and butadiene copolymer,
tion comprising acrylic nitrile and butadiene co a ?nely divided granular rubber substance of
polymer, and ?ne particles of granular rubber dissimilar relative hardness, calcium carbonate,
substance of dissimilar relative hardness homo and cumarone resin, said ?ber engaging surface
geneously dispersed therein. being substantially static free and possessing a
2. As a new article ofv manufacture, a textile friction resistant wearing surface;
machine unit adapted for drafting ?bers hav 9. As a new article of manufacture, a textile
ing a vulcanized ?ber contacting surface layer of 20 machine unit adapted for drafting ?bers having
pitted structure consisting of a resilient composi a ?ber working surface of pitted structure com
tion comprising acrylic nitrile and butadiene co-v prising acryiic nitrile and butadiene copolymer, »
polymer, and ?nely divided granular rubber sub ?ne particles of granular rubber substance of dis
stance of dissimilar relative hardness homo similar relative hardness, ?ller, resin, and sulfur,
geneously dispersed therein. said ?ber working surface being vulcanized and
3. As a new article of manufacture, a textile ‘exhibiting oil resistance and substantial freedom
machine unit adapted for drafting ?bers having from static. '
a vulcanized ?ber contacting surface layer of 10. As a new article of manufacture, a textile
pitted structure consisting of a resilient com machine unit adapted for drafting ?bers having
position comprising'acrylic nitrile and butadi 30 aprising
?ber working surface of pitted structure com
acrylic nitrile and butadiene copolymer,
ene copolymer, ?ne'particles of'granular rubber
substance of dissimilar relative hardness, and a a ?nely divided granular rubber substance of dis;
?ller. '
similar relative hardness, ?ller, resin, and sulfur,
4. As a new article of manufacture, a textile a said ?ber working surface being vulcanized andv
\rnachine unit adapted for drafting ?bers having’ exhibiting oil resistance and substantial freedom
a vulcanized ?ber contacting surface layer of from static.
pitted structure consisting of a resilient composi 11. As a new article of manufacture, a textile
tion comprising acrylic nitrile and butadiene co machine ?ber working element having a pitted
polymer, a ?nely divided granular rubber sub surface and comprising acrylic nitrile and buta~
stance of dissimilar relative hardness, and a filler. '40 diene copolymer, and a ?nely divided granular
5. As a new article of manufacture, a textile rubber substance of dissimilar relative hardness,
machine unit adapted for drafting ?bers having said element being vulcanized and exhibiting
a ?ber contacting surface layer of pitted struc hardness, wearing qualities, and substantial free
ture consisting of a vulcanized resilient compo dom from static under ordinary working condi
sition comprising acrylic nitrile and butadiene‘ 45 tions. .

copolymer, ?ne particles of granular rubber sub
stance of dissimilar relative hardness, av filler,
and resinous ingredients, said surface layer be
ing resistant to abrasion'and having substan
tially no tendency to cause sticking of the ?ber '
thereto. . Y _ ,
6. As a new article of‘manufacture, a textile
machine unit adapted for drafting ?bers having
a ?ber contacting surface layer of pitted struc
12. As a new article of manufacture, a textile
machine ?ber working element having a pitted
‘surface and comprising acrylic nitrile and buta
diene copolymer, and ?ne particles of granular
rubber substance of dissimilar relative hardness,
said element being vulcanized and exhibiting
hardness, wearing qualities, and substantial free
dom from static under ordinary working condi
tions. ' ~

ture consisting of a'vulcanized resilient compo 13. As a new article of manufacture, a spin
sition comprising‘ acrylic nitrile and butadiene ning cot having a pitted surface and consisting
copolymer, a ?nely divided granular rubber sub of a vulcanized body comprising acrylic nitrile
and butadiene copolymer, and ?ne particles of '
stance of dissimilar relative hardness, a filler‘,
and resinous ingredients. said surface layer being rubber substance of dissimilar relative hardness
resistant to abrasion and having substantially no 60 dispersed therein. HENRY M. BACON.
tendency to cause sticking of the ?ber thereto.