EXPERIMENT-2

SHEAR CENTRE OF OPEN

SECTIONS

NAME : K.P.S.KRISHNA VAMSEE

ROLL NO : 18AE10014
DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 24/09/2020
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 01/10/2020
AIM:
To determine the shear centre of the open sections.

APPARATUS:
 Channel Section
 Two dial gauges
 Three weights of 10N each
 Scale
 Vernier Calliper

THEORY:
Shear centre of a cross-section is the point at which an applied shear(transverse)
force produces only shear(no twisting). Due to the external shear force on the beam,
shear stresses are induced on the cross-section of beam. If the internal shear force
of the system and the applied force at any section do not coincide, torque is
developed and it creates twisting. In order for the section to not twist, the applied
force should pass through the shear centre of the open section.
The shear centre will be the same as the centre of twist as long as the Maxwell’s
inverse relation is compatible with Hookean materials.
For a channel section, the position of shear centre from the vertical web ‘e’ is defined
by,
3𝑏2
𝑒=
6𝑏
ℎ(1 + ℎ )

PROCEDURE:
 Start the dial gauges and make sure that both of them is reading zero.
 Place a known weight of 10N in the first position, say 𝑥1 .
 Note the deflections at both the ends, i.e., 𝑉𝑙 , 𝑉𝑟 using the digital gauge
 Now move the weight to the next position 𝑥2 and again measure the readings.
 Continue the process for all positions, i.e., for the total distance d.
 Now repeat the steps for 20N and 30N.
 Plot Ɵ vs x.
 The value of x for which Ɵ is zero is the position of shear centre.

OBSERVATIONS:
 Width of the channel section, 𝑏 =
50.06+49.80+49.86+50.01
= 49.9325 𝑚𝑚.
4
 Height of the channel section, ℎ = 100.45+100.38+100.46+100.66
4
= 100.488 𝑚𝑚.
 Thickness, 𝑡 = 1.59+1.71+1.65+1.58+1.63
5
= 1.632 𝑚𝑚.
 Distance between dial gauges, d = 200 mm.
 Distance between two holes, c = 20.18 mm.
 Distance from end to the first hole, 𝑑1 = 7.02+7.02+7.03
3
= 7.0233 𝑚𝑚.
 Radius of hole, 𝑟 = 3.19 𝑚𝑚.
 Distance from the right end to the C-Section, 𝑑2 =
109.59+109.54
= 109.565 𝑚𝑚
2

Observation Tables:
For load = 10N
Position V𝐫 (mm) Vl (mm) 𝑉𝑟 − 𝑉𝑙
Ɵ=
𝑑
1 0.03 -0.03 0.0003
2 0.02 -0.02 0.0002
3 0.01 -0.02 0.00015
4 0.01 -0.01 0.0001
5 0.00 0.00 0.0000
6 -0.01 0.00 -0.00005
7 -0.01 0.00 -0.00005
8 -0.01 0.00 -0.00005
9 0.00 -0.01 0.00005
10 -0.01 0.00 -0.00005
11 -0.02 0.00 -0.0001
For load = 20N
Position Vr (mm) Vl (mm) 𝑉𝑟 − 𝑉𝑙
Ɵ=
𝑑
1 0.06 -0.05 0.00055
2 0.03 -0.03 0.0003
3 0.02 -0.02 0.0002
4 0.01 -0.01 0.0001
5 0.00 0.00 0
6 -0.01 0.00 -0.00005
7 -0.03 0.01 -0.0002
8 -0.05 0.02 -0.00035
9 -0.06 0.03 -0.00045
10 -0.08 0.04 -0.006
11 -0.09 0.05 -0.007

For load = 30N

Position Vr (mm) Vl (mm) 𝑉𝑟 − 𝑉𝑙
Ɵ=
𝑑
1 0.11 -0.10 0.00105
2 0.08 -0.08 0.0008
3 0.06 -0.06 0.0006
4 0.03 -0.04 0.00035
5 0.01 -0.03 0.0002
6 -0.01 -0.01 0
7 -0.02 0.00 -0.0001
8 -0.05 0.01 -0.0003
9 -0.08 0.03 -0.00055
10 -0.10 0.04 -0.0007
11 -0.12 0.06 -0.0009
Graphs:
For load = 10N

For load = 20N

For load = 30N

RESULTS:
 Using the formula,

3𝑏2 3(49.9325)2
𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜 = = = 18.6955 𝑚𝑚
6𝑏 6 ∗ 49.9325
ℎ(1 + ℎ ) 100.488(1 + 100.488 )

 From above, We can see that the position of shear centre from the left end is,

𝑑3 − 𝑒 = 112.655 − 18.6955 = 93.9595 𝑚𝑚.

 From the experimental values, the formula for position of shear centre from
left end is,
𝑥 = 𝑑1 + 𝑟 + 𝑐 ∗ ((𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 Ɵ = 0) − 1)

 Distance from the right end to the C-Section,

𝑑3 = 2(𝑑1 + 𝑟) + 𝑐(10) − 𝑑2

 For load = 10N, line equation is,

𝑦 = −3.3182𝑥 + 24.4545
For y = 0, x = 7.3699. So,
𝑥10𝑁 = 10.2133 + 20.18 ∗ 6.3699 = 138.7579 𝑚𝑚
 For load = 20N, line equation is,
𝑦 = −11.7273𝑥 + 59.4545
For y = 0, x = 5.069. So,
𝑥20𝑁 = 10.2133 + 20.18 ∗ 4.0698 = 92.3419 𝑚𝑚
 For load = 30N, line equation is,
𝑦 = −18.9091𝑥 + 117.5455
For y = 0, x = 6.2163. So,
𝑥30𝑁 = 10.2133 + 20.188 ∗ 5.2163 = 115.52 𝑚𝑚
 By calculating the errors for 10N, 20N, 30N,
|138.7579 − 93.9595|
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 10𝑁 = ∗ 100 = 32.2853%
138.7579
|92.3419 − 93.9595|
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 20𝑁 = ∗ 100 = 1.75%
92.3419
|115.52 − 93.9595|
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 30𝑁 = ∗ 100 = 18.664%
115.52
DISCUSSION:
 We can see that error between values has crept in. These errors occur
because of measuring errors, instrumental errors, etc.
 There can be parallax error while measuring d. Also, while measuring several
distances like 𝑑1 , 𝑑2, , 𝑐, 𝑏, ℎ, 𝑡, there can be zero error from vernier readings.
 There can be an error in reading of digital dial gauges. This can be observed
from the table of 10N. As the readings should be continuously decreasing
theoretically, but the values are oscillating near 7,8 positions.