Appendix B-9 Design of support pier:
Weight of pipe per unit length (W P): π×D×t wall × ρsteel ×g
= 3.14×1.85×12×10−3 ×7.85×103×9.81
=5368.10N
Weight of water per unit length (W W ): π D 2 /4 × ρ×g
= π × 1.852/4×1000×9.81
=26369.527N
We know, F 1= (W P+W W )× Lu×cosƟ
= (5368.10+26369.527)×5×cos22.8
= 146288.78N
Calculation of deteriorated friction reduction
F 2=0.5× F 1 =0.5×146288.78=73144.39N
Calculation of weight of block (W b )
a 1=1.01×1.01 =1m 2
a 2=0.5×1×0.424 =0.212m2
1∗0.5+ 0.212∗0.33
x́ = =0.471m
1+ 0.212
Area of support pier = 1.212m2
Weight of pier (W b ) = volume ×specific weight of concrete
= 1.212×3.6×2300×9.81
= 98446.88N
If penstock is expanding, then
Force(N) X-component Y-component
F1 139407.62 331637.63
F2 -69703.81 -165818.82
Wb 0 98446.88
Sum 69703.81 264265.69
In triangle AEB,
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Fig 2 :support pier (side view)
2 2
AB =√ (0.424 +1 ) =1.086m
AB
AF =FB = =0.543m
2
In triangle AGD
AG=AD cos67 = (1+0.424)×cos67.2=0.552
DG =ADsin67 = (1+0.424)×sin67.2 =1.313
X 1 =AF-AG =0.543-0.552 =-0.009
∑ M D=359747.14×(-.009)-179873.57×1.313+98446.88×0.471
=-186567.79
∑ V =264265.69
−186567.79
d= =-0.706
264265.69
1
e= +0.706 =1.206
2
1
e allowable= =0.167m
6
e>e allowable, hence not stable
Now, if penstock pipe is contracting, then
Force(N) X-component Y-component
F1 130492.78 331637.63
F2 69703.81 165818.82
Wb 0 98446.88
Sum 200196.59 595903.33
∑ M D=359747.14×(-0.009)+179873.57×1.313+98446.88×0.471
=279304.75Nm
V
∑ =595903.33
279304.75
d= =0.469
595903.33
81
1
e = −¿0.469 =-0.0313
2
1
e allowable= =0.167m
6
e
e< allowable, hence stable
Stability of bearing
Pbase =
∑ V (1- 6∗e )
Abase Lbase
=196614.99N/m 2
From table, Psoil =200000 to 320000 N/m 2
Psoil > Pbase hence, ok
Stability of sliding
µ∑ V =297951.67
∑ H =200196.59
µ∑ V > ∑ H hence, ok
Appendix B-10 Turbine And power House Design
Design Of Turbine:
Since discharge is low and head is high, Pelton turbine is suitable.
Total Head H = 228.906 m
Total discharge = 3.164 m3/s
Efficiency = 85% (Assume)
Assume Number of Turbine = 2
Discharge through each Turbine = 1.582 m3/s
Velocity of Jet V = CV√ 2 gH = 65.68 m/s
Where, CV = 0.98
Q 1.582
Area (A) = = = 0.0241 m2
V 42.93
Diameter of Jet (d) = 0.18 m
D D
Take Jet Ratio = = = 15
d 0.175
D = 2.7 m
i.e Diameter of Runner = 2.7 m.
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D
Number of Bucket of Runner Nb = 15 + = 22 ≈ 23
2d
πD
Spacing of Bucket (s) = = 0.37 m
Nb
Peripheral Speed V́ = φ √ 2 gH = 30.83 m/s (Take φ = 0.46)
60 V́
Design Speed or Rotational Speed (N) = = 218.077 rpm.
πD
120 f 120∗50
Number of Poles (Np) = = = 27.51 ≈ 28
N 109.95
120 f
Corrected N = = 214.28 ≈ 215 rpm.
Np
Power (P) = η γ QH = 0.85 * 9.81* 1.582* 229.906 =3032.81 KW = 4065.42 hp.
N √P 215 √ 4065.42
Corrected NS = 5 = 5 = 15.31 ≈ 16
4
H 229.906 4
So, Specific Speed of Turbine = 16 rpm
Design Of Power House:
Diameter of turbine (D) = 1.75 + 0.15 = 1.9m
Wall thickness (w) = 0.4m
Length of erection bay = 12 m ( minimum value is c/c distance between units)
Clearance between units = 2m (minimum 2 – 3 m)
Center to Center distance = 8D + clearance between units = 8*2.5 + 2 = 22 m
Passage from wall = 3.5 m
Internal length of machine hall = 22*2 + 2.5*2 +12 + 2.5 = 63.5 m
Width of power house = 10D + 3 = 10 *2.5 + 5 = 30 m
Height of superstructure = 6 m
Height of crane operation = 2 m
Height of lower structure = 12 m
Total height = (6+2+12) = 20 m
Appendix B-11 Design of TailRace Canal
Number of canal = 1
Design discharge = 3.63 m3/s
Manning’s coefficient n (for RCC) = 0.016
1 2 /3 1/ 2
Discharge (Q) = A R S 0
n
83
1st trial
Slope of tailrace canal = 0.003333333
Considering the velocity through canal = 3 m/s
C/s area of canal = Q/V = 1.21 m2
For most economical rectangular section
B = 2y
A = 2y2
R = y/2
Putting these values in equation,
y = 0.61 m
R = 0.305 m
Now check for the velocity,
A = 0.744 m2
V = 4.87 m/s > 3m/s
Bottom width (B) = 1.22 m
2nd trial
Slope of tailrace canal = 1/150
Putting these values in equation,
y = 0.80 m
R = 0.40 m
B = 1.60 m
Now check for the velocity,
A = 1.28 m2
Velocity (v) = 2.83 m/s (almost 3 m/s)
Q = 3.62 m3/s ≈3.63 m3/s
Adopting 0.5 m free board
Total height of tailrace canal = 1.3 m
Total width of tailrace canal = 1.6 m
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