INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILS.

, INC

Presented by:
Jonathan R. Santiago
Protection Engineering Manager
Power System Protection
Application & Testing
3*V & 3*I
November 29, 2019
Overview

Power System Components

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What is Protective Relay?

In electrical engineering, a protective relay is a relay device designed to

trip a circuit breaker when a fault is detected.
Detect and isolate the fault
Preserve continuity of supply

sensors current Measure

voltage
Compare

Tripping Decide
coil

A protection device does not

prevent the fault from occurring,
but limits the consequences...

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Power System Basic Requirements

1. Selectivity also called discrimination

a. Time grading
b. Unit System

2. Stability

3. Speed

4. Sensitivity

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Basic Components of Protection

1. Voltage and Current Transformers

Voltage Transformer Current Transformer

P = Us2 / Z and Is = Us / Z P = Z x Is2 and Us = Z x Is

Never connect the VT in short-circuit Never leave the CT in open-circuit

“CT star point should always towards the

protected zone”

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CT Protection Unit

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Current Transformers

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Voltage Transformers

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 Basic Components of Protection

2. Relays

3. Fuses

4. Circuit Breakers

5. DC Batteries

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BASLER Electric Solutions
 Typical Applications – BASLER Relays

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Substation Bus & Breaker Protections

1. Breaker Failure Protection = 50BF

2. Stuck Breaker Protection = 51B

3. Differential Busbar Protection = 87B

4. Differential TEE Protection = 87TEE

5. Pole Discrepancy Protection = PD

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CB Trip Failure

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UPPER BUS
LOWER BUS
UPPER BUS
LOWER BUS
 Breaker Failure Protection Solutions

1. Supervision of the feeder current (with an overcurrent criteria) after a tripping

Command
OR
2. Supervision of the CB auxiliary contacts after a tripping command
OR
3. Supervision of the feeder current (with the BBP measurement algorithm) after a
Tripping command (only applicable if the BFP is installed in the BBP system)
– BBP unbalancing

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 Application & Features of Solution 1

➢ standard BFP application

➢ for line, transformer, generator, generator-transformer, reactors and coupler CB’s
➢ for all voltage levels and switchgear configurations
➢ overcurrent settable independently for all feeders (depending on the minimum
feeder short current)
➢ operation independent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a week part
of the protection chain)
➢ for single, double and three phase auto-reclosure (tripping), (phase segregated
starting inputs)
➢ for detection of evolving faults (phase segregated timers for t1)
➢ remote tripping signal settable after timer 1 or timer 2
➢ advanced trip redirection functionality in case of CB SF6 underpressure condition
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 Application & Features of Solution 2

➢ applicable for very low fault currents (e.g. generator reverse power function)
➢ remote tripping signal settable after timer 1 or timer 2
➢ advanced trip redirection functionality in case of CB SF6 underpressure condition
➢ very good addition to solution 1
➢ no overcurrent (fault current) supervision
➢ the starting signal must be switch off by the CB “OFF” aux. contact to prevent an
unwanted trip
➢ operation dependent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a week part of
the protection chain
➢ not applicable for single and double phase auto reclosure (tripping)

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 Application & Features of Solution 3
➢ applicable as basic BBP coupler functionality for the detection of faults between
coupler CB and CT (coupler function – CB reclaim time)
➢ not applicable for line, transformer, generator, generator-transformer, reactors
feeders in HV system
➢ Overcurrent (fault current) supervision depending on the BBP differential current
setting (high short current required)
➢ not applicable for single and double phase auto-reclosure (tripping)
➢ the starting signal must be switch off by the CB “OFF” aux. contact to prevent an
unwanted trip to the CB after timer 1
➢ operation dependent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a week part
of the protection chain)
➢ no trip-redirection functionality in case of CB SF6 underpressure condition
➢ remote tripping signal fixed to timer 1
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 Measuring Principle

Kirchhoffs 1st Law: Node Rule

I2

The sum of all currents must be zero

I1
I1 + I2 + I3 = Σ I = 0 I3

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Measuring Principle

Kirchhoffs 1st Law: Node Rule

I2
I1 + I2 + I3 = Σ I

if ≠ 0 or I1
if Σ I > differential current setting
I3

Fault on the Busbar

Trip Circuit Breaker
Trip Busbar Protection
2. Stuck Breaker Protection = 51B
3. Differential Busbar Protection = 87B
Single Busbar with Section Coupler ( 1 coupler CT)
Single Busbar with Section Coupler ( 1 coupler CT)
Single Busbar with Section Coupler ( 1 coupler CT)
Single Busbar with Section Coupler ( 1 coupler CT)
Single Busbar with Section Coupler ( 1 coupler CT)
Single Busbar with Section Coupler ( 1 coupler CT)
 Coupler Functions I
How can a busbar protection system detect a fault between the Coupler
Circuit Breaker and Current Transformer?
➢ By deactivating of the current measurement in the coupler in case of
Internal BBP tripping signal (= coupler blocking)

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Differential Current Supervision

Which failures in the CT circuits can the Differential current supervision

detect?

➢ a missing CT input (e.g. CT circuit not connected to the system

➢ a wrong CT ratio
➢ a wrong current direction

The “differential current alarm” is very important and must not be ignored
by the operating personnel.

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Double Bus Single Breaker Scheme
Breaker and a half scheme
87TEE-1

87TEE-2

4. Differential TEE Protection = 87TEE

 5. Pole Discrepancy Protection

LOGIC

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Multifunction Protection System

Rear View
BE1-11 Family

• One software program for settings

• One logic library

• Many AC elements shared by all applications

• One easy to learn multifunction protection system covers most feeder,

generator, intertie, motor, transformer, and DC Power applications
BESTCOMSPlus ®

System Interface Software:

• Metering explorer
o Extensive real time and reporting capabilities.
• Settings explorer
o Quick and confident programming.
o System summary
o Compare settings
o Visual logic and logic libraries
o Compressed print preview
 BESTCOMSPlus ® – Analog
Metering
•Meteringof all measured
and calculated values.

•Primaryand secondary
metering

•Phasor diagrams

•Configurable
 BESTCOMSPlus –
® Status
•Inputs
Metering
•Outputs

•Targets

•Alarms

•Breaker status

•All digital points

•Configurable
 BESTCOMSPlus ® – Reports
•Sequence of events

•Fault records

•Security log

•Load profile

•Breaker monitor

•Differential (g, m, t)

•Motor starts (m)

•Transformer damage (t)

 BESTCOMSPlus ® – Demand
Metering
•Demand current

•Demand power

•Demand vars

•Demand VA
 BESTCOMSPlus –
® Power Quality
•Voltage

•Distortion

•Dip/Swell

•Harmonics
 BESTCOMSPlus ® – Control
•Virtual switches

•Breaker control switch

•Output override

•Setting group control

 BESTCOMSPlus ® – Settings

•Intuitive settings

•Meaningful labels

•Built in graphs
 BESTCOMSPlus –
® Settings
•Formatted settings printout

•Easy to read

•Showonly enabled
elements
 BESTCOMSPlus –
® Settings
•System summary

•Easy confirmation of relay

setting

•Enabled and pickup set

•No pickup set

•Pickupset but mode

disabled

•Disabled
 BESTlogic™Plus
•Programmable logic

•Powerful tool within

BESTCOMSPlus®
featuring innovative and
comprehensive logic
schemes.

•Preprogrammed
BESTlogic™Plus schemes
provide a starting point for
customer applications.

•Userfriendly interface for

customizing schemes
 BESTlogic™Plus
•Large
selection of logic
elements

•Drag and drop logic

•Visual connectivity

•Self documentation

•User annotations

•On-line logic library

 BESTlogic™Plus

•Logic file printout

•Provides a means of
making logic available
on location without
a computer.
 BESTlogic™Plus

•Offline

•Logic

•Simulator
 Communications Protocols

• Modbus® available over Ethernet and RS-485

• DNP3 available over Ethernet and RS-485

• IEC 61850
 IEC 61850
• Easily configure and document IEC 61850 between devices from several
suppliers with BEST61850™.

• Import and export Substation Configuration Language (SCL) files to

simplify system setup.

• Detect and report errors by comparing SCL files to the IEC 61850
requirements.

• Reduce engineering effort with intuitive drag and drop graphical user
interface.
 IEC 61850

• Capable of Goose network containing greater than 255 devices

• Supports configurable buffered reports

• Enter style to create CID file

• Alarm on the loss of any device subscribed to IEC 61850

Protection Testing
& Power System
Simulation
 Introduction to Testing

1. Acceptance (or integrity) Testing

2. Commissioning Testing

3. Periodic Testing

4. Functional Testing

5. Performance Testing

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 Test Automation

Result

Output Contact

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 DOBLE F6150 – Power System Simulator
FOR TESTING ALL TYPES OF RELAYS

Technical Specifications :
Total Sources
The F6150 can provide up to twelve simultaneous user configurable AC/DC sources
including: six convertible sources and six current sources.
Convertible Sources
Each 150 VA Convertible Source can be used as a voltage source or optionally as a
high-power, low range current source. The F6150 has up to six Convertible Sources.
Source Configurations
Output Power
Continuous Transient for 1.5 Seconds Number of Sources

Each 150 VA convertible source can be split into two 75 VA sources.

Two 150 VA convertible sources can be combined in parallel into one 300 VA current source.
Three 150 VA convertible sources can be combined in parallel into one 450 VA current source.

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 DOBLE F6150 – Power System Simulator

▪ Using a Personal Computer and Protection suite software it is possible to test all types of
relays, meter and PMUs.
This includes
▪ Testing of high impedance ground over current using one convertible source at low
current range high power.
▪ Testing of over current relay at high current up 210 A using transient mode
▪ Testing of modern numerical protection scheme, which may require up to 12 sources.
▪ F6150 allows steady state testing, dynamic state testing, transient testing and end to end
protection scheme testing.
▪ Built in test routine to test PMU per IEEE C37.118
▪ Protection Suite allows users to test IEC61850 protections easily

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 DOBLE F6150 – Power System Simulator

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 Requirements for Protection Testing

• Single Line Diagram with Current & Voltage Transformer Data

• Protection Logic Diagram
• User Instruction Manual
• Schematic Diagram / Three Line Diagram
• Approved Final settings (based of Protection Coordination Study)

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 Common Issues in Protection Testing

▪ Actual Current Transformer Polarity and Ratio

▪ Actual Current Transformer Position/Location based on protected zones
▪ Input and Output Logic Configuration
▪ Time Grading/Wrong and poorly coordinated settings
▪ Defects in the wiring to the relays
▪ Unforeseen faults at the design stage
▪ CT Single point earthing
▪ CT position/shielding of power cable entry
▪ Proper wiring supervision (trip circuit, DC supply)
▪ Schematic drawings not updated
▪ Termination of wire without removing the insulation

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 Partners

The brain-child of Engr. Rodolfo R.

Peñalosa, PAMAVTech specialises in
competency-based and hands-on
technical trainings for practicing
professionals

A trading corporation established in 1990

to handle industrial electro-mechanical
and electrical devices

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Questions?

Address: 8F, 68 Kalayaan VCP Building, 68 Kalayaan Avenue

Teachers’ Village West, Quezon City 1101

Tel No.: (632) 8365-0068

Email: admin@westco-phil.com
sales@westco-phil.com

Website: www.westco-phil.com