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Impact of IT Trends On High Availability Power Architectures
Impact of IT Trends On High Availability Power Architectures
High Availability
Power Architectures
Arunangshu Chattopadhyay
Director, Power Products Marketing and Head of Technical Support
Vertiv Asia
1
Agenda
▪ IT Trends and Their Impact: Driving the Evolution of the Gen 4 Data
Center
▪ Disruptors
▪ Electrical Designs and Architecture Evolution
2
Commercial In Confidence
Emerging IT Trends
▪ Devices everywhere. The
“connected devices” model
is becoming real and
expansive.
society.
Provide power
Mainframe and cooling.
Edge2Core “Must Haves” + Never Go Down
• High Efficiency
• Low 1st Cost ‒ Certified efficiency and capacity
‒ Buy only what you need ‒ Low peak power utilization
‒ Buy infrastructure when you sell capacity ‒ Low air leakage
• High Asset Utilization ‒ High unit efficiency
‒ Eliminate stranded capacity – space, power, cooling ‒ Adaptive architectures and technologies
‒ Architecture that allows shared capacity across multiple systems (at the PDU) • Low Maintenance + Ease of Operation
• Rapid Scalability ‒ Remove system complexity, be consistent across sites
‒ Lowest installation cost
Save Me Money ‒ Rated for severe environments
‒ Grow while keeping infrastructure operating
Make Me Money ‒ Easy serviceability
‒ Optimized supply chain management
Lower My Risks ‒ Modular, replaceable components
‒ Add as capacity is sold
Make It Easier to Manage • Automated Control and Management
‒ Ability to scale in target increments – standardized building blocks or systems ‒ Remove complexity and human error
• High Reliability ‒ Be consistent across sites/locations
‒ Fault tolerant, ISO architectures ‒ Scale faster
‒ Component redundancy Best Practices At Each Location • Advanced supply chain management
‒ Compartmentalized -- Including systems, designs, partners, parts & labor
Local/Regional Data
Core / Central Data Centers Operations Edge/IT Spaces
Integrated Solutions/Services Integrated Solutions/Services Integrated Solutions/Services
Commercial In Confidence 5
Impact of disruptive technologies
Commercial In Confidence
Uptime Tier Classification Basics
• Tier I – Basic Capacity • Tier III – Concurrently Maintainable (Break One OR Fix One)
‒ Site-wide shutdowns are required for maintenance or repair ‒ Each and every capacity component and distribution of the path in a
‒ Capacity or distribution failures will impact the site site can be removed on a planned basis for maintenance or
replacement without impacting operations
• Tier II – Redundant Components ‒ The site is still exposed to equipment failure or operator error
‒ Site-wide shutdowns for maintenance are still required ‒ The preference is that all IT equipment is dual powered
‒ Capacity failures may impact the site
‒ Distribution failures will impact the site • Tier IV – Fault Tolerant (Break One AND Fix One)
‒ An individual equipment failure or distribution path interruption will not
impact operations
‒ A Fault Tolerant site is also Concurrently Maintainable
‒ Requires autonomous response to failure and notifies actions taken
Tier 3, Concurrent Maintenance
UPS System w/Redundancy and Multiple Power Delivery Paths for Concurrent Maintenance
IT Load
Tier 4, Fault Tolerance
Fully Redundant UPS System with Redundant Power Delivery Paths for Fault Tolerance
IT Load
Source: The Uptime Institute
U U U U
Cooling
Cooling Cooling
Cooling Typical Characteristics:
P P P P
Equipment
Equipment Equipment
Equipment
S S S S • 2N Utility, 2(N+1)/2N UPS and 2N
UPS Out UPS Out
Distribution
P A A P
STS
STSs STS
STSs
• Redundant Generator(s)
PDU
PDUs CRAC
CRACs Racks CRAC
CRACs PDU
PDUs • N+x Cooling
R R
RDC
a Servers
c Servers
a RDC • ATS and STS used for enhanced
c
k k reliability and improved maintenance
Servers
P P • IT equip dual powered
D Servers D
U U
Reserve Architecture Improves Utilization and Efficiency
Disadvantages
• Added risk to loads
• Loads share reserve
• Manage transfer for
safe maintenance
Tip: Ensure reserve capacity is
not overloaded.
Distributed Reserve System
Benefits Disadvantages
• Lower risk using interleaved STS • Requires accurate load knowledge and management
• Less complex switchgear required for safe transfer
• Reserve redundancy achieved via unused UPS
capacity
Example of DYNAMIC BLOCK REDUNDANT System
System #1 System #2 Reserve System
Gen Gen Gen
Utility #1 2.5MW Utility #2 2.5MW Utility R 2.5MW
1000kVA/kW
1000kVA/kW
1000kVA/kW
1000kVA/kW
1000kVA/kW
1000kVA/kW
ATS 600A ATS 600A
UPS
UPS
UPS
UPS
UPS
UPS
400v Mech 400v Mech
CPMS
1200A 1200A MIB MBB 2500A
Global Service
1200A 400V 1200A 400V 1200A 400V 1200A 400V
AC Power
3x800A 3x800A 3x800A 3x800A LBB/2500A 2500A
2500A Bus
A B C A B C A B C A B C
2500A LBB Bus
STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A STS 600A
Trellis
IT A-C IT A-C IT A-C IT A-C
Customer IT
x 12
Space
x1
Maximize IT kW: Optimize Gen, ATS, UPS, Distribution
16
Summary of MTBF Results
Summary of MTBF results with gensets Summary of MTBF results with gensets
Voltage failing at A and B simultaneously Voltage failing at A and B simultaneously
System MTBF MTTR Availability Relative System MTBF MTTR Availability Relative
7-to-6 3.88E+06 443 4.95 99.99987% 43% 8-to-6 5.45E+06 622 4.85 99.99991% 61%
8-to-7 3.54E+06 405 4.97 99.99986% 39% 9-to-7 5.12E+06 584 4.90 99.99990% 57%
9-to-8 3.26E+06 373 4.99 99.99985% 36% 10-to-8 4.82E+06 551 4.93 99.99990% 54%
Commercial In Confidence
The MTDC World
Commercial In Confidence18
Biggest Wholesale Data Center Deals – 2018*
1. Facebook: 72MW from CloudHQ in Manassas, VA
Multi-Tenant Data Center
2. Salesforce: 26MW from QTS in Manassas, VA (MTDC) leasing more than
3. Microsoft: 25MW from CloudHQ in Manassas, VA doubled in 2018 compared to
4. Facebook: 25MW from DLR in Ashburn, VA 2017
5. Microsoft: 20MW form CONE in Ashburn, VA Leasing activity in Northern
6. TBD: 20MW from DLR in Ashburn, VA Virginia (NOVA) for data centers
7. Streamcast: 15MW from Switch in Las Vegas, NV was more than two and a half
8. HUG (PBB): 15MW from Skybox in Houston, TX** times all other markets combined
in 2018
9. Microsoft: 14MW from RagingWire in Ashburn, VA
10. INAP (BoA): 10MW from Lincoln in Chandler, AZ Overall rental rates have
decreased as a result of new
operators and investors and
hyperscale users demanding
volume pricing
*Source: North America Data Centers **Immersion cooled HPC
Commercial In Confidence19
Strategies for Eliminating Stranded Capacity
• Optimize UPS ratings
Today some operators choose sub-optimal UPS ratings: 750kW vs 800kW, 1000/1100kW vs 1200kW. This is commonly
done for procurement tension vs capacity optimization
• Reduce battery run times to only what is needed to bridge to the generator and run at higher temps
Battery run times have been coming down steadily but have stalled in the 5 min range at 25C. Some of this is due to
technology limitations: for example VRLA mfrs will not warrant their batteries for run times less than 5 min at 25C, LIB
and TPPL allow for 2 min at 30C. Operations teams that have repeatable transfer times can target sub 2 minutes of
battery run time
Commercial In Confidence20
Strategies for Eliminating Stranded Capacity
• Increase block reserve ratios
• Today most block reserve systems stop at 5+1 or 6+1
• Availability projections show 5 x 9’s operators can double that ratio and still meet 5 x 9’s
• Additional capacity can be picked up by converting reserve UPS to IT
All of the above depend on using the reserve for one of its primary roles, as a reserve during maintenance
Commercial In Confidence21
Normalizing in data centers?
22
What Experts are thinking?
Buildings
(1MW and higher)
24
1.6MW Skid One line and layout
25
Distributed Power Infrastructure Converged Power Infrastructure
28
Commercial In Confidence
VERTIVTM ENABLES THE
VITAL APPLICATIONS OF
OUR DIGITAL WORLD
DATA CENTERS
Micro, Edge, Cloud, Enterprise,
Prefab, Colo, Hyperscale
COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS
Small Cell, Macro Sites,
Central Office, Data center
COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL
Healthcare, Rail, Transportation,
Power Generation, Oil and Gas