AC induction motor

Electrotechnics MSc
Laboratory Session n°3

Bércesi Gábor
Classification of rotating electrical machines
Rotating electrical
machines

DC machines Special machines

AC machines

Separately Synchronous Asynchronous

machines (Induction) Stepper motors
excited DC
machines

Shunt –wound Wound type

(parallel (slipring type) Servo motors
execution) DC

Series-wound (serially
Cage (squirrel Brushless DC/AC
executed) DC (Universal
cage) type motors
motor)

Compound-wound (mixed
etc…
execution) DC
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 Motor types of electric vehicles

Manufac
Citroen Daihatsu Ford GM Honda Nissan Nissan Peugeot Renault Toyota
turer

AX/Saxo
Model Th!nk Hypermi 106 Clio
Electriqu Hijet EV EV1 EV Plus Altra EV RAV 4
name City ni Electric Electric
e

Separate Separate
Drive ly PM 3-phase 3-phase PM PM PM ly AC PM
type excited Synchron induction induction Synchron Synchron Synchron excited Induction Synchron
DC DC

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Constuction of cage type AC induction
motor

Wound stator

Axle
Rotor

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 Operation of AC induction motor

3 phase AC current flowing in the stator winding creates a rotating

magnetic field inside the motor that induces voltage in short-circuited
bars of the rotor.
𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑑 = 𝐵 ∙ 𝑙 ∙ 𝑣 ∙ sin 𝛼 The interaction between the
magnetic fields of the stator
and current of rotor bars
creates torque.

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 Speed of AC induction motor
𝟔𝟎 ∙ 𝒇
𝒏 = 𝒏𝟎 ∙ 𝟏 − 𝒔 = ∙ 𝟏 − 𝒔 [𝒓𝒑𝒎]
𝒑
n0 – synchronous speed (speed of rotating magnetic field)
f – frequency of AC supply
p – number of pole-pairs
𝑛0 − 𝑛
s – slip – in motor mode: 0 < s < 1 𝑠=
𝑛0
Possibilities for speed changing:
• Change of number of poles – Dahlander motor
• Change of slip – e.g. with AC supply voltage
• Change of AC supply frequency – VFDs (Inverters)

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Speed-torque curve of AC induction
motor

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Single phase AC induction motor

Single phase AC current in a coil can not create rotating

magnetic field – the motor can not start.

Usually constructed as split-phase motors that have a second

stator winding fed with an out-of –phase current. The phase-
shift between main and secondary winding is typically created
by a series capacitor (starting capacitor).

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 Electric motor test bench
Tachogenerator Torque sensor

DC-motor AC-motor
clutches

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 Electric motor test bench

DC-motor Torque AC-motor

sensor

Clutches
Torque sensor: AC-motor:
DC-motor: HBM AGISYS
BALDOR Type: T22/20Nm Type: MS 712-4
Type: CDPT3326 230/400 V; 50Hz; 1370rpm;
1750rpm; 0.37kW; 1.92/1.11A, IP55;
0,5 LE ≈ 375 W Clutches: Cosf=0,74
180V; 2.5A, Type: KB-4

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 Electric motor test bench

The measured mechanical values are scaled and

read in voltages, the electrical values are read from
the diagnostic software of VFD and the power-
meter.
Speed: 𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎 = 𝟏𝟗, 𝟎𝟖𝟗 ∙ 𝒏 𝑽 + 𝟏, 𝟓𝟏
Torque: 𝑴 𝑵𝒎 = 𝟒 ∙ 𝑴[𝑽]
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 No-load test
• DC-motor turned off
• AC-motor turned on
• Change of AC-motor frequency (from 50 Hz to 5 Hz by 5 Hz steps)
• Measured quantities: V, Ia, n
• Calculated quantities: Pelectrical.
Read Calculated
No. fsetpoint f V [V] I [A] n [V] Cos n [rpm] Pel. [W]
[Hz] [Hz] fi [-]

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 Loaded test

• AC-motor turned on
• DC-motor turned on
• AC-motor frequency set to constant 25 Hz and adjusting DC motor
voltage to set load torque – setpoint values for different speeds to have
readings below the breakdown torque (5 V steps in speed)
• Testing motor and generator mode
• Measured quantities: f, V, I, n, M
• Calculated quantities: Pmech, Pelectrical, η, s

f = 25 Hz Read Calculated
V=…V
No. nsetp. I n M cos n M Pmech Pel. η S
[V] [A] [V] [Nm] fi [-] [1/min] [Nm] [W] [W] [%] (slip)
[%]

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Loaded test

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 Notes, requirements

• Briefly describe the measurement setup and

instruments
• List of expression used in calculations
• Measurement results in table format
• Calculated results in table format (for each
readings)
• Represent measured data as diagrams (see
examples above)

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 Thank you!

bercesi.gabor@gek.szie.hu

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