Anna University Examination Questions

EE6201-Circuit Theory 5. Define quality factor in the resonant

May – 2014 circuit.
Part A
1.Find the equivalent resistance of the The quality factor relates the

circuit shown in Fig.1 maximum energy stored to the energy

dissipated in the circuit per cycle of
oscillation.
max imum energy stored
Q  2
energy dissipated per cycle

6. Determine the quality factor of a coil

 2  3.2  for the series resonant circuit with
Req    1 2  1.05 
 2  3.2 
R=10,L=0.1H and C =10µF.
2. Define RMS voltage.
1 L 1 0.1
Q   10
The effective or RMS value of an R C 10 10  106

alternating current is that value of 7. Distinguish between natural and

steady direct current which produces forced response.
same heat as that produced by the The natural (or) free response of a
alternating current when passed circuit refers to the behavior of the
through the same resistor for the same circuit itself, with no external sources
interval of time. of excitation.

1 T The transient response is the circuit’s

I eff 
T  0
i 2 (t )dt
3.State reciprocity theorem.
The reciprocity theorem states that in a
linear, bilateral single source network
the ratio of excitation (input) to
response (output) is constant when the
positions of excitation and response
are interchanged.
4.Why do you short circuit the voltage
source and open the current source
when you find the Thevenin’s voltage
of a network?
temporary response that will die out
with time.
8.What is time constant for RL and RC
Circuit?
The time constant of a RL circuit is the
time required for the response to reach
63.2% of its final value. The time
constant of a RC circuit is the time
required for the response to decay by
36.8% of its initial value.
9.Write the effect of power factor in
energy consumption billing.

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 Anna University Examination Questions

In residential wiring if the power Solution:

factor is less the energy consumption
decreases and the billing is low. But in
industries power factor should be
maintained at a value of 0.9. Other
wise penalty will be charged for the
40  100
I  1.5 Amps
consumer. 40
10.Distinguish between unbalanced 11.a. (ii) Find the current in all the
source and balanced load. resistors of the circuit of Fig.3. [8]
A three phase system is said to be
unbalanced when either of three phase
voltages are unequal in magnitude or
the phase angle between the three
phases is not equal to 1200
Solution:
If the load impedances of the three
5
phases are identical in magnitude as 50   
i1   6   14.7 Amps
well as phase angle, then the load is 5
2 
6
said to be balanced. It implies that the
 10 
load has same value of resistance R 50   
i2   7   29.4 Amps
and reactance XL and/or XC in each  10 
1  
7
phase.
2
Part B 50   
i3   3   5.88 Amps
11.(a) (i) Find the current I and voltage 2
5 
across 30Ω resistor in the circuit of Fig.2. 3

[8] 11.(b) (i) Determine the current

through each resistor in the circuit
shown in Fig.4 [6]

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 Anna University Examination Questions

Solution: 12.a. (i) Find the current in the 5Ω

12  2 resistor in the circuit of Fig.5 [8]
I1   4 Amps
6

12  2
I2   4 Amps
6

12  2
I3   4 Amps
6

11.b. (ii) When a DC voltage is

applied to a capacitor voltage across
its terminals is found to build up in Solution:

accordance with VC  50 1  e100t  After Let i1 , i2 and i3 be the mesh currents as

0.01 sec the current flow is equal to 2 indicated in Fig…….

mA.

1) Find the value of capacitance in

farad.
2) How much energy is stored in the
electric field? [10]
Solution:
Given that, VC  50 1  e100t 

  t  Applying KVL the loop equations are,

We know that, VC  V 1  e RC

  For loop 1, 50  10  i2  i1   5  i1  i3 
Comparing above two equations,
i2  i3  2 i2  2  i3
1
V  50 and  100
RC 50  15i1  10  2  i3   5i3  50  15i1  20  15i3

Given that at t=0.01 secs, the current 70  15i1  15i3  1

flow is, 2 mAmps. For loop 2, 5 i1  i3   i3  10 i2  i1   2i2
Hence, 6 i3  12i2  15 i1
V  t 50 1000.01
i (t )  e RC  0.002  e 15 i1  6 i3  12  2  i3   0
R R
 2
 R  9.197 K 
15 i1  18i3  24
1
C  1.1 f
100 R Putting equations (1) and (2) in matrix
The energy is stored in the electric field form results in,
1
is, E  CV 2  1375J 15 15 i1  70 
2 15 18  i    24
   3  

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 Anna University Examination Questions

Using Grammar’s rule the above   0.553 V1  11 V2  6

matrix is solved for the currents V1
V1   19.89Volts

i1 and i3 V2
V2   10.84 Volts

  45
The current in the 10Ω resistor is,
 70 15
i1     900 V
 24 18 i10  1  1.989 Amps
10
 15 70 The current in the 3Ω resistor is,
i3    690
15 24 V V
i3  1 2  3.02 Amps
3
i1 900
i1    20 Amps The current in the 5Ω resistor is,
 45
V
690 i5  2  2.17 Amps
i3   15.3 A 5
45 The current in the 1Ω resistor is,
The current in the 5Ω resistor is, V
i1  2  10.84 Amps
1
i5  i1  i3  4.7 Amps
12.(b).(i) Determine the current in
12.a. (ii) Find the current in each
each mesh of the circuit shown in
branch of the circuit shown in Fig.6.
Fig.7. [8]
[8]

Solution:
Solution: Let i1 , i2 and i3 be the mesh currents as
By observation the node basis matrix
indicated in Fig…….
is,

1 1 1 
 3  10 3  V1   5 
  
 1 1 1 1  V2  10 
 3  
3 5 1 

 0.433 0.33 V1   5 

 0.33 1.533  V   10
  2   From Fig….. i1  10 Amps
Using Grammar’s rule the above Applying KVL around each loop, we
matrix is solved for voltage V1 and V2
get,
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 Anna University Examination Questions

3 i1  i2   10  2  i2  i3  Using Grammar’s rule the matrix is

20  5 i2  2i3  1 solved for voltage V1 and V2 .

10  1 i3  2  i2  i3 
  0.541

1 0.67 
10  2i2  3i3   2 V1     4.37
5 1.02 
Putting equations (1) and (2) in matrix
 0.97 1
form results in, V2     5.52
 0.67 5
 5  2 i2   20 V1  7.974Volts and V2  10.2Volts
 2  
 3 i3  10 
13.(a) For the series resonant circuit
Using Grammar’s rule the above
with R=10,L=0.1H and C =10µF
matrix is solved for the currents
determine the impedance at resonant
i2 and i3
frequency, 10 Hz above the resonant
  11
frequency and 10 Hz below the
 20 2 resonant frequency. [16]
i2    80
10 3 
Solution:
 5 20 The resonant frequency is
i3     90
 2 10 
1 1
f0    159.15 Hz
i2  7.27 Amps i3  8.18 Amps 2 LC 2 0.1  10  106

12.b.(ii) Determine the voltage at each The impedance at resonant frequency

node of the circuit shown in Fig.8. is,

Z  R  10 
[8]
The impedance at 10 Hz above the
resonant frequency i.e.,
f 2  169.15 Hz

1 1
XC    94.1
2C 2  169.15  10  106

X L  2 L  2 169.155  0.1  106.3 

Solution:
et V1 &V2 be the node potentials as
indicated in Fig….
By inspection, the node basis matrix is,
Z  10  j 106.3  94.1  10  j12.2 
The impedance at 10 Hz below the
resonant frequency i.e.,
f1  149.15 Hz

0.1  0.2  0.67 0.67  V1  1

 1 1
 0.67  0.35 V2  5
XC    93.72 
 0.67 1C 2  149.15  10  106

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 Anna University Examination Questions

X L  1L  2 149.155  0.1  106.7  Solving , A

V
and B
V
R R
Z  10  j  93.72  106.7   10  j12.98 
 
V1 1 
13.(b) Explain that how to derive Q I (s)    
RS  R
  S  
factor of parallel resonance circuit.   L  

[16]
V    t 
R

Refer material i(t )  1  e  L    2 1  e 2t 

R 
 
f0 f0
Q(Condenser )    2 f 0 RC  0 RC
BW 1 The voltage drop across the resistor &
2 RC
inductor is,
1 R
Q(Coil )  0 R  2 
0 L 0 L     t 
R

VR  V 1  e  L    60 1  e  2t 

14.a. A series RL circuit with R=30Ω  
 
and L=15 H has a constant voltage  R t
  
L 
V=60 Volt applied at t=0. Determine VL  e 
 60e2t

the current i(t), the voltage across 14.b) A series RLC circuit with
resistor and inductor. [16] R=20,L=0.05H and C =20µF has a
Solution: constant voltage V=100 Volt applied
Applying KVL the differential at t = 0. Find the current transient.
equation is, [16]
di(t ) Solution:
Ri(t )  L V
dt The differential equation of the circuit
Taking the Laplace transform on both is,
sides, di(t ) 106
20 
20 i(t )  0.05  i(t )dt  100
V dt
 R  SL  I (s) 
S Taking laplace transform on both
V sides,
V L
I ( s)  
S ( R  SL)  R  50  103 
SS   100
 L  20  0.05 S   I (S ) 
 S  S
Applying partial fraction expansion,
2000
I ( s) 
V S  400S  1  106
2

L A B
  The roots of the denominator are,
R S R
S (S  ) S
L L 400  16  104  400  104
S1,2   200  j 980
2
V  R
 A S    B S
L  L

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 Anna University Examination Questions

I (S ) 
2000 Determine the phase currents and
( S  200  j 980)( S  200  j 980)
line currents. [8]
2000  980
I (S ) 
[( S  200) 2  (980)2 ]  980 Solution:

i(t )  2.04e200t sin980 t The line voltage is VL  VP  400Volt

15.(a) (i) A balanced 3 phase, three The phase voltages are,

wire 440V supply is connected to a VRY  400 00 ;

star connected load. The impedance VYB  400   1200 ;
in each branch are
VBR  400 1200
Z R  2  j3 ZY  1  j 2  ZB  3  j 4  Find
The phase currents are,
its equivalent delta connected load.
VRY 400 00
[8] I RY    22   450 Amps
Z 4  j8
Solution:
Z R  2  j3  3.656.30 
VYB 400   1200
IYB    22   1650 Amps
Z 4  j8
ZY  1  j 2  2.24  63.40 
VBR 400 1200
Z B  3  j 4  553.1  0 I BR    22 750 Amps
Z 4  j8
The star delta transformation is carried The line currents are,
out using the formula as follows: I R  I RY  I BR  22   450  22 750
Z R ZY  ZY Z B  Z B Z R I R  38.11050 Amps
Za 
ZB
8.06  7.10  11.2  10.30  18109.40 I R  3  22 1050  38.11050 Amps
Za 
553.10 
Z a  3.82  6.1 
0 IY  IYB  I BR  22   1650  22   450
Z R ZY  ZY Z B  Z B Z R IY  38.1  150 Amps
Zb 
ZY I B  I BR  IYB  22 750  22   1650
8.06  7.10  11.2  10.30  18109.40 I B  38.1  1350 Amps
Zb 
2.24  63.40 
Z b  8.53110.40  15.b. (i) A balanced 3 phase, three

Z R ZY  ZY Z B  Z B Z R wire 400V supply is connected to a

ZC 
ZR delta connected load. The impedance
8.06  7.10  11.2  10.30  18109.40
ZC  in each branch are
3.656.30 
Z C  5.31  9.30  Z RY  10300  , ZYB  10450  and
15.a. (ii) A three phase, 3 wire 400 Z BR  2.5600  Find its equivalent star
Volt RYB system is connected to a connected load. [8]
delta load of impedance 4  j8  each. Solution:

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 Anna University Examination Questions

In a star connected system, line current

is equal to phase current.
Hence the line currents are,
VRN VL  00 440
IR   
Z 3 (15  j 20) 3 (15  j 20)
440
  10.16   53.10 Amps
3 (2553.10 )

VYN V   1200
IY   L
Z 3 (15  j 20)
Given that, 440   1200
  10.16   173.10 Amps
3 (2553.10 )
Z RY  10450 
The power factor is,
ZYB  10450 
R 15
cos   = 0.6 lagging
Z BR  2.560 0
Z 25

The delta to star transformation is Total active power is,

carried out using the formula as PT  3 VL I L cos
follows: PT  3  440  10.16  0.6  4.64 K watt

Z RY  ZY B 10450  10300
ZR  
Z RY  ZY B  Z B R 10450  10300  2.5600
100750 100750
   4.51350 
17  j14.24 22.17400

Z RY  Z BR 10450  2.5600
ZY  
Z RY  ZY B  Z B R 10450  10300  2.5600
251050 251050
   1.13650 
17  j14.24 22.17400

Z BR  ZY B 2.5600  10300
ZB  
Z RY  ZY B  Z B R 10450  10300  2.5600
25900 25900
   1.13500 
17  j14.24 22.17400

15.b. (ii) A three phase, 3 wire 440

Volt RYB system is connected to a

star load of impedance 15  j 20  each.

Determine the line currents and
power absorbed by the load [8]
Solution:
The line voltage is, VL  440Volts

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