door opening force

mr+kd+a+DP(w/2)-fx(w-d)=0
smoke management calculation procedure
STAEDY DESIGN FIRES
Dt = m x HC
Q

Dt = DURATION OF FIRE (SEC)

m = TOTAL FUEL MASS CONSUMED (LB OR KG)
HC = HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF FUEL (BTU/LB OR KJ/KG)
Q = HEAT RELEASE RATE (BTU/SEC OR KW)

UNSTEAD DESIGN FIRES

t-SQUARED FIRE GROWTH

Q = 1000 X t
( tg )2
Q = HEAT RELEASE RATE OF DESIGN FIRE (BTU/SEC)
t = TIME AFTER EFFECTIVE IGNITION (SEC)
tg = GROWTH TIME (SEC)

Q = 1055 X t
( tg )2
Q = HEAT RELEASE RATE OF DESIGN FIRE (kW)
t = TIME AFTER EFFECTIVE IGNITION (SEC)
tg = GROWTH TIME (SEC)

Dt HC tg2
=
( m x
333
x
)1/3
Dt = duration of fire (sec)
m = total fuel mass consumed (lb or kg)
HC = total fuel mass consumed (lb or kg)
tg = GROWTH TIME (SEC)

separation distance

R = QR
( 4pqr
)1/2
R = SEPARATION DISTANCE FROM TARGET TO CENTER OF FUEL PACKAGE (FT OR M)
QR = RADIATIVE PORTION OF THE HEAT RELEASE RATE OF THE FIRE (BTU/FT OR KW)
qr = INCIDENT RADIANT FLUX REQUIRED FOR PILOTED IGNITION (BTU/FT2.S OR KW/M2)

QR = x x Q

QR = RADIATIVE PORTION OF THE HEAT RELEASE RATE OF THE FIRE (BTU/SEC OR Kw)
x = radiative fraction (dimensionless), 0.3 unless another value is substantiated in accordance with test data
Q = heat release rate of the fire (Btu/sec or kW)

0.9Btu/ft2.sec (10kM/m2) shall be used for the incident radiant heat flux required for piloted ignition un

MASS CONSUMPTION

m = Q x Dt
HC

m = TOTAL FUEL MASS CONSUMED (LB OR KG)

Q = heat release rate of the fire (Btu/sec or kW)
Dt = duration of fire (sec)
HC = total fuel mass consumed (lb or kg)

FOR T-SQUARED FIRE

m = 333 x Dt3
x tg2

m = TOTAL FUEL MASS CONSUMED (LB OR KG)

Dt = duration of fire (sec)
HC = HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF FUEL (BTU/LB OF KJ/KG)
tg = GROWTH TIME (SEC)

NUMBER OF EXHAUST INLETS

VMAX = 452 x g x d5/2 TS -

( TO

VMAX = MAXIMUM VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE WITHOUT PLUGHOLING AT TS (FT 3/MIN)

g = EXHAUST LOCATIO FACTOR(DIMENSIONLESS)
d = DEPTH OF SMOKE LAYER BELOW THE LOWEST POINT OF THE EXHAUST INLET (FT)
TS = ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE OF THE SMOKE LAYER (R)
TO = ABSOLUTE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (R)

VMAX = 4.16 x g x d5/2 TS -

( TO

VMAX = MAXIMUM VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE WITHOUT PLUGHOLING AT TS (M 3/SEC)

g = EXHAUST LOCATIO FACTOR(DIMENSIONLESS),1.0 NO CLOSER THAN TWICE THE DIAMETER OF NEAREST W
FOR EXHAUST INLET CENTERED LESS THAN TWICE THE DIAMETER FROM THE NEAREST WALL, A VALUE O
d = DEPTH OF SMOKE LAYER BELOW THE LOWEST POINT OF THE EXHAUST INLET (M)
TS = ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE OF THE SMOKE LAYER (K)
TO = ABSOLUTE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (K)

RATIO = d SHALL BE GREATER THAN 2

Di

RECTANGULAR EXHAUST INLET

Di = 2x a x b
a + b

Di = DIAMETER OF THE INLET

a = LENGTH OF THE INLET
b = WIDTH OF THE INLET

WHERE MULTIPLE EXHAUST INLET ARE REQUIRED TO PREVENT PLUGHOLING (SEE 5.6.1)

SMIN = 0.065 x Ve1/2

SMIN = MINIMUM EDGE TO EDGE SEPARTION BETWEEN INLETS (FT)

Ve = VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF ONE EXHAUST INLET (FT3/MIN)

SMIN = 0.9 x Ve1/2

SMIN = MINIMUM EDGE TO EDGE SEPARTION BETWEEN INLETS (M)

Ve = VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF ONE EXHAUST INLET (M3/SEC)

VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE

V = 60 m
r
V = VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF SMOKE EXHAUST (FT3/MIN)
m = MASS FLOW RATE OF SMOKE EXHAUST (LB/SEC)
r = DENSITY OF SMOKE (LB/FT3)

V = m
r

V = VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF SMOKE EXHAUST (M3/SEC)

m = MASS FLOW RATE OF SMOKE EXHAUST (KG/SEC)
r = DENSITY OF SMOKE (KG/M3)

DENSITY OF SMOKE

r = 144 x PATM
R (T+460)

r = DENSITY OF SMOKE (LB/FT3)

PATM = ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (LB/IN2)
R = GAS CONSTANT (53.34)
T = TEMPERATURE OF SMOKE (°F)

r = PATM
R x T

r = DENSITY OF SMOKE (KG/M3)

PATM = ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (Pa)
R = GAS CONSTANT (287)
T = TEMPERATURE OF SMOKE (K)

SCALING EXPRESSIONS

CHARACTEISTIC RELATIONSHIP EXPRESSION

GEOMETRIC POSITIO XM = XF x ( LM / LF

TEMPERATURE TM = TF

PRESS. DIFF. DPM = DPF x ( LM / LF

VELOCITY uM = uF x ( LM / LF

TOTAL HEAT RATE QM = QF x ( LM / LF

CONVECTIVE HEAT REQC,M = QC,F x ( LM / LF

VOLUMETRIC EXHAUSVFAN,m = VFAN,F x ( LM / LF

TIME TM = TF x ( LM / LF

WHERE:
l = LENGTH
DP = PRESS. DIFF.
Q = HEAT RELEASE RATE
t = TIME
T = TEMP. (AMBIENT AND SMOKE)
u = VELOCITY
V = VOLUMETRIC EXHAUST RATE
x = POSITION

SUBSCRIPTS:
C = CONVECTIVE
F = FULL SCALE
m = SMALL SCALE MODEL
d in accordance with test data.

equired for piloted ignition unless another value is substantiated in accordance with approved test data

TO
)1/2
 TO
)1/2

THE DIAMETER OF NEAREST WALL

HE NEAREST WALL, A VALUE OF 0.5 SHALL BE USED
)

)1/2

)5/2

)5/2
)5/2

)1/2
A = 2*4.563 x 16.8
H = 6.1

VOLUME = 935.2325 M3